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Rare Occurrence of Nautilus Sp. Fossils from Batangas, Philippines

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Rare Occurrence of Nautilus Sp. Fossils from Batangas, Philippines Philippine Journal of Science 149 (3): 495-501, September 2020 ISSN 0031 - 7683 Date Received: 07 Jan 2020 Rare Occurrence of Nautilus sp. Fossils from Batangas, Philippines Abigael L. Castro1,2*, Allan Gil S. Fernando1, Alyssa M. Peleo-Alampay1, Geleen Rica S. Javellana1, Dorothy Joyce D. Marquez1,3, and Jaan Ruy Conrad P. Nogot1,2 1Nannoworks Laboratory, National Institute of Geological Sciences College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines 2Geology and Paleontology Division, National Museum of the Philippines Ermita, Manila 1000 Philippines 3College of Fisheries, President Ramon Magsaysay State University Candelaria, Zambales 2212 Philippines Two nautilid (Cephalopoda, Mollusca) fossils are discovered from an exposure of the late Miocene – early Pliocene Calatagan Formation in Talim Point, Lian, Batangas, southwestern Luzon. They were identified as Nautilus sp. because of the similarity in conch shape and sutures to those of extant species of Nautilus. The two Nautilus specimens were found in a fine- to medium-grained sandstone unit and observed to be associated with other macrofossils such as corals, gastropods, bivalves, brachiopods, and echinoids. The age of the Nautilus specimens was determined through the analysis of the planktonic foraminifera in the sandstone matrix. These specimens represent the oldest fossil record of Nautilus in the Philippines. Keywords: Batangas, Calatagan Formation, fossil, Luzon, Nautilus INTRODUCTION During our fieldwork in Talim Point in Lian, Batangas in 2012, a poorly to moderately preserved nautilid shell In the Philippines, the first fossil record of a chambered was found in a sandstone unit, below a limestone outcrop Nautilus (i.e. Nautilus pompilius) was reported by Wani mapped as part of the Calatagan Marl (Ancog 1997; Figure and co-authors (2008). The fossil was found in a siltstone 1). Subsequently, another nautilid specimen was found in outcrop in Tambac Island, Pangasinan, northwestern the same unit in 2018. The Calatagan Marl is now known Philippines. Based on foraminifera and calcareous as the Calatagan Formation and is composed of lithologies nannofossil analyses, the siltstone unit was dated as varying from tuffaceous marine siltstones to coralline early Pleistocene. Another N. pompilius fossil was found limestones (MGB 2010). A late Miocene – early Pliocene in Leyte and was dated as Holocene (de Ocampo 2013). age was assigned to the Calatagan Formation based on Apart from these two findings, no other Nautilus fossils planktonic foraminifera (Castro et al. 2013). older than early Pleistocene have been reported in the Philippines to date. *Corresponding Author: [email protected] 495 Philippine Journal of Science Castro et al.: Rare Nautilid Fossils Vol. 149 No. 3, September 2020 Figure 1. Geologic map of Talim Point, Lian, Batangas showing the location where the two examined Nautilus sp. fossils were found (modified from Ancog 1997). The fossils were recovered from an outcrop belonging to the late Miocene to early Pliocene Calatagan Formation. The location of the Nautilus sp. fossils is indicated by the black circle in Figure 1c. MATERIALS AND METHODS The two Nautilus specimens examined were collected during our geologic fieldwork in Talim Point on September 2012 and December 2018. Detailed stratigraphic logging was done to document and describe lithologies and sedimentary structures. A variety of marine macrofossils were recovered together with the two nautilid specimens from the outcrop – such as echinoids, corals, brachiopods, gastropods, and bivalves. All macrofossils were cleaned and photographed for inventory. These fossils are now stored at the Nannoworks Laboratory of the National Institute of Geological Sciences, College of Science, University of the Philippines. Figure 2. Stratigraphic profile of the investigated section in Talim Point. Asterisks (*) denote the layers where samples were RESULTS collected for foraminifera and calcareous nannofossil analyses. The nautilid fossils were observed and collected at the lowermost bed (indicated by the arrow). Geology of the Area The outcrop is located along a coast that is fringed with coral rubble. The 7.5 m-high outcrop consists of fossiliferous calcarenite, limestone, sandstone, and siltstone beds that have a northwest strike and northeast dip. The lowermost bed hosting the nautilid fossils Figure 2. Stratigraphic profile of the investigated section in Talim Point. Asterisks (*) denote the layers where samples were is around 30 cm thick and consists of coarse-grained collected for foraminifera and calcareous nannofossil sandstones. Apart from the nautilid fossils, this sandstone analyses. The nautilid fossils were observed and collected bed also contains foraminifera, mollusks, and echinoid at the lowermost bed (indicated by the arrow). fossils (Figure 2). Sediments prepared for planktonic 496 Philippine Journal of Science Castro et al.: Rare Nautilid Fossils Vol. 149 No. 3, September 2020 foraminifera analysis revealed an assemblage consisting of Globorotalia acostaensis, Globorotalia plesiotumida, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, Sphaeroidinella dehiscens, Globigerinoides ruber, and Globigerinoides obliquus extremus, which suggests a late Miocene – early Pliocene age for the Calatagan Formation based on the Blow Zonation Scheme (Bolli and Saunders 1985) for planktonic foraminifera. Above this bed is a massive limestone unit that contains abundant coral fragments. The limestone is overlain by calcarenite and calcilutite beds that contain echinoids and mollusks. Overall, the Talim Point section can be interpreted as shelfal marine deposits proximal Figure 4. Nautilus sp. Specimen 1 excavated from the outcrop; to a reef environment due to the common occurrence of (a) Uneroded left lateral side of conch with preserved reef-derived bioclasts. sutures; (b) dorsal view; and (c) eroded right lateral side of conch consisting of septate phragmocone and partial body chamber. Possible siphuncle positions are indicated Systematic Paleontology by the arrows on the right lateral side of the conch. Class CEPHALOPODA, Cuvier 1758 Subclass NAUTILOIDEA, Agassiz 1847 Order NAUTILIDA, Agassiz 1847 Family NAUTILIDAE, de Blainville 1825 Genus NAUTILUS, Linnaeus 1758 Nautilus sp. Figures 3–6 and 7(1–2) plus Tables 1 and 2 Material: two fossil casts (Specimens 1 and 2) Dimensions: see Tables 1 and 2 plus Figure 5 Description of the specimens: The first nautilid specimen (Specimen 1) found in Talim Point is a moderately Figure 5. Nautilus sp. Specimen 1 and Specimen 2 measurements: (D) maximum shell diameter; (PD) phragmocone diameter; (U) umbilical diameter; (PL) phragmocone length; (H) whorl height; and (W) shell width. Measurements are presented in Tables 1 and 2. Figure 6. A slightly smaller specimen of Nautilus sp. (Specimen 2) found in the same outcrop/bed as Specimen 1; (a) left lateral view and (b) dorsal view. Figure 3. Nautilus sp. Specimen 1 embedded in the sandstone unit shown in Figure 2. 497 Philippine Journal of Science Castro et al.: Rare Nautilid Fossils Vol. 149 No. 3, September 2020 Table 1. Dimensions of shell morphology in modern and fossil species of Nautilus. Abbreviations: W – shell width, D – shell diameter, and U – umbilical diameter. Ratios except for this study are from Wani and co-authors (2008). Species Age W/D U/D References Nautilus sp. Specimen 1 0.93 10.1% This study late Miocene – early (W/D measurements for Specimens Pliocene 1 and 2 are estimated because of Specimen 2 0.81 17% preservation condition) N. cf. pompilius early Pleistocene 0.50 6% Wani et al. 2008 Hirano and Obata 1979; N. pompilius Modern 0.48–0.52 5-9% Tanabe and Tsukahara 1987; Saunders 1987; Ward 1987 N. macromphalus Modern 0.52 15-16% Saunders 1987; Ward 1987 late Eocene – early N. praepompilius 0.60 9% Saunders et al. 1996 Oligocene N. aff. cookanum late Eocene 0.67 6% Squires 1988 Table 2. Shell measurements for Specimen 1 and Specimen 2. Figure Another nautilid specimen (Specimen 2) was found 5 shows where measurements were taken. embedded in the same outcrop and bed as the previous Measurements Specimen 1 Specimen 2 one (Figure 6). The fossil cast is still enclosed in the (in cm) (in cm) host rock so that only the left lateral side of the partial Maximum shell diameter (D) 9.9 4.7 phragmocone is visible. The preserved left lateral part of Phragmocone diameter (PD) 10.4 5.0 the phragmocone is largely eroded away, but the uneroded early shell portion favorably retains juvenile sutures. Umbilical diameter (U) 1.0 0.8 Similar to Specimen 1, the chambers are filled with sand- Phragmocone length (PL) 5.5 2.5 sized calcareous sediments. Whorl height (H) 6.5 2.7 Shell width (W) 9.2 3.8 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION preserved fossil cast of a fragmented shell without a The first nautiloid cephalopods appeared during the greater portion of the body chamber (Figures 3 and 4). Cambrian Period (Kummel 1956). Their abundance soon It measures 9.9 cm in diameter (Figure 5; Table 2). The started to decline during the Silurian, and only Orders right lateral side of the phragmocone is partly eroded Orthocerida and Nautilida existed in the Mesozoic (Figure 4c), but the left lateral side favorably preserves (Kummel 1964). The Nautilida survived the end- the uneroded sutures (Figure 4a) and whorl shape (Figure Cretaceous mass extinction event and flourished again 4a, b). The preserved shell is nautiliconic, involute with a in the Paleogene. However, taxonomic diversity of the very narrow umbilicus and a rounded venter
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