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Charlemagne: Name: ______Prd: ___ Score: _____ / 20 The Great Emperor Directions : Highlight the answer in the text on the left before answering the questions on the right .
The name “ Charlemagne ” meant “Charles the What made Charlemagne so " great "? Great,” & its owner honestly did look like a king . 1) ______He was a big man, more than 6 feet – 4 inches 2) ______tall. He was strong from riding horses, & he 3) ______could swim faster & better than any of his nobles. He was a kind man when he dealt with A synonym for allies is ______. his family, friends, & allies . As an enemy, a. enemies c. friends though, he was harsh & unforgiving. b. adversaries d. nemeses
As we have seen, the Frankish kingdoms of Gaul Applying past knowledge : Gaul is now th desperately needed a strong leader in the 7 modern-day (England / France / Germany circle 1). century. The weak Merovingian kings were not interested in nation building.
The Frankish Empire began In 639, a duke called Pepin seized control & under ______. united the kingdoms. A century later, his great Under ______, grandson, Charlemagne , took over. He reigned his kingdom became the from 768 to 814, & under him, the kingdom most organized & unified became the most orderly & unified in Europe in ______since since the fall of the Rome. the ______Empire .
Charlemagne ruled from the city of Aachen which he had built as the capital of his kingdom. Why was Charlemagne's The city was called a second Rome because capital called a 2nd Rome ? the king greatly admired Roman architecture. ______There were baths, a theatre, a forum, & even ______an aqueduct at Aachen as there were in Rome. Applying past knowledge : What is an aqueduct ? Buildings were ornamented with antique columns ______& mosaics taken from old Roman buildings. ______
Even more importantly, Charlemagne admired the advanced learning of the Romans. He Education during the Middle Ages included: wanted to educate his people & help the l) ______(in our language arts) Church set up schools throughout the kingdom. 2) ______& ______(think Matthias) In them, monks taught boys grammar, math, 3) Latin & music geometry, Latin, music, & astronomy. If girls 4) ______(“It’s in the stars.”) were educated at all, they were taught by nuns 5) boys : schools :: girls : ______or by tutors at home.
However, for all his support of education, Charlemagne, himself, never learned to write. But he kept a writing tablet under his pillow For all his support of education, what was so so that he could practice before going to bed. ironic (odd) about Charlemagne's own learning ? When he wanted to write a letter to someone, a. He couldn't write. c. Both a & b he dictated it to his personal secretary, a monk. b. He couldn't read. d. He was a mute. 2
The Frankish kingdom at this point was quite large. It included most of France & part of Germany. However, Charlemagne was not content. He wanted to unite all the Germanic tribes into a single Christian state. At this point, most tribesmen were pagan , worshipping Applying past knowledge : This worship of many many different gods & goddesses. Charlemagne gods is called (monotheism / polytheism circle 1). would have to conquer them & force them into Christianity. His method of doing this was T or F : Charlemagne's methods of converting simple. When he invaded a town, he gave the conquered people to his religion was unique people a choice between death or Christianity! because he gave them a choice in the matter. In one afternoon, he executed 4,500 people!
Through 53 separate military campaigns, Charlemagne greatly increased the size of his kingdom. He also forced many tribespeople to become Christians. Converts to Christianity By converting pagans paid taxes to the Franks ~ whether or not they to ______, lived under Charlemagne’s rule. Converting Charlemagne increased pagans to Christianity also increased his his position with the standing with the Pope in Rome, Adrian I. He Roman ______. depended on Charlemagne to protect Christian interests in Europe.
In 733, Adrian sent Charlemagne a plea for help. The Lombards, a pagan tribe who ruled Italy, were threatening Adrian’s life. Into Rome, Charlemagne rode with a troop of Frankish warriors! He defeated the Lombards & took their king prisoner!
For years, Charlemagne was busy expanding the Frankish kingdom. Five years after he defeated the Lombards, he rode into Spain The Muslims , called ______, which was ruled by Muslims known as Moors . practiced the religion called ______. The Moors had a more advanced culture than the Franks, but this did not matter to Barbarian is synonymous with ______. Charlemagne. The Moors were barbarians who a. primitive d. both a & b should be converted to Christianity or thrown b. savage e. only b & c out of Spain, he believed. c. uncivilized f. all the above
Charlemagne failed to conquer the Moors, however. While he & his army were retreating through the Pyrenees Mountains in northern Spain they were ambushed. Many soldiers were killed, but Charlemagne survived. Some Charlemagne failed to conquer (the) _____. years later, Charlemagne returned to Spain a. Moors c. Pyrenees Mountains & took over the land as far south as Barcelona. b. Barcelona d. none of the above 3
Charlemagne also made conquest in central & eastern Europe. After 33 years of on-again / off-again battle, he defeated & converted the Saxons of Germany. He also defeated an Asian On the other hand, Charlemagne defeated people called the Avars in what is now Hungary the ______& the ______. & Yugoslavia. With the Avars gone, Charlemagne freed the native Slavs, who then paid taxes to the Frankish kingdom.
How did Charlemagne govern his new lands? He divided them into counties & each was ruled I. Charlemagne’s governing tactics jointly by a bishop & a count. The king regularly A. divided lands into ______sent messengers to his counties to make sure B. jointly ruled by a ______that their rulers obeyed his laws. The laws were & a ______a combination of traditional tribal laws & the C. laws combined tribal laws with those laws of the Catholic Church. of the ______church
Tribal laws were designed to prevent feuds between families. Every person had a wergild , or cash value, which was determined by their rank in society. Anyone who injured or killed another was expected to pay a fine based upon the victim’s wergild. A murderer had to pay the entire wergild of the victim to his/her family! Then the murder would be forgotten. (What!)
By 800, Charlemagne controlled the largest empire in Europe since the Roman Empire. Even Pope Leo II needed the king. Like Pope Adrian, his predecessor, Leo was threatened by the Lombards. Charlemagne again came to the pope’s aid & destroyed the Lombard kingdom once & for all. But Leo’s troubles were not over. In Rome, Charlemagne insisted that Leo go on This tapestry depicts Pope ______trial. Leo had to swear that he was not guilty of asking for ______'s help any crimes. That was the only way Leo could get in destroying the ______. back his power as pope.
Why did Charlemagne shame the pope in that way? Charlemagne said that he, as king, was the ruler of all Christians in western Europe. But Leo said that the pope’s power was greater than Applying past knowledge : “ God-given” power any king’s. The pope, Leo claimed, got his power is called ______power. from God. Leo waited for a time when he could a. pagan c. absolute prove this to Charlemagne & European Christians. b. corrupt d. divine
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On Christmas Day, Charlemagne was praying How did Charlemagne in St. Peter's Church in Rome. Pope Leo was become emperor ? next to him. Suddenly Leo took a gold crown ______from the altar & placed it on Charlemagne's ______head! The pope said that Charlemagne was ______now the emperor of Western Europe. His ______empire would be called the Holy Roman Empire .
How did Charlemagne feel about his new title? Some historians claim that he was pleased with it. Others say that he was angry. Charlemagne already ruled Western Europe… To provoke means to his new title only provoked his enemies. One ______. (Use a thesaurus!) thing is certain: Charlemagne did not want a. appease Leo to give him the crown because any man b. enlighten who can give a crown can also take it away. c. annoy Charlemagne did not want the pope to have d. pleasure such power!
Nevertheless, European Christians were happy that the pope had made Charlemagne their emperor. To them, he was a protector blessed by God. Europe would be united again by an emperor & a pope working together!
Europe at the end of Charlemagne's rule c. 814