Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education
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Journal for the Study of SportS and athleteS in education Volume 4 Number 3 Fall 2010 EditEd by Robin Hughes and JamEs satterfiEld, jr. COPYRIGHT © 2010 LEFT COAST PRESS, INC All rights reserved. Permission must be obtained from the publisher for reproduction of material in any form. Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education is a journal of opinion, and the views expressed in its articles are not necessarily those of the Editors or the Publisher. Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education (ISSN: 1935-7397), is published three times yearly in the Spring, Summer and Fall, by Left Coast Press, Inc. The journal provides a forum for discussion and analysis on the unique characteristics of sports and athletic participation in education. Subscriptions: All subscription inquiries should be sent to Left Coast Press, Inc., at the address below, addressed to the attention of the Journal Manager. Institutional subscriptions may be purchased via check, VISA, MasterCard or purchase order. All noninstitutional subscriptions should be prepaid by personal check, VISA or MasterCard. Make checks payable to Left Coast Press, Inc. Current prices are listed on the publisher’s website, or may be obtained by contacting the publisher at the address below. Payment in U.S. dollars only. International Orders and Shipping: Add $15.00 per year for postage outside the United States. Claims: Claims for missing copies will be honored for up to 12 months after date of publication. Missing copies due to losses in transit can be replaced pending availability of reserve stock. Change of Address: Please notify the publisher six weeks in advance of address changes. Send old address label along with new address to ensure proper identification, and specify name of journal. Postmaster: Send all change of address to Left Coast Press, Inc., Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education, 1630 N. Main Street, #400, Walnut Creek, CA 94596. Advertising: Current rates and specifications can be obtained by contacting the Journals Manager, Left Coast Press, Inc., at the address below. Back issues: Back issues are available through the Publisher. For availability, prices and shipping, contact Journals Manager, Left Coast Press, Inc., at the address below. Copyright Permission: For reprint permission requests please contact the publisher, Left Coast Press, Inc., at the address below. Submission Guidelines: Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education (JSSAE) welcomes the submission of original papers, reviews, commentaries, and special theme issue proposals from scholars and practitioners focused on understanding issues related to sports and athletes. Submissions should be tailored to specific upcoming issue themes, which can be located on the Left Coast Press website. Submissions should include a cover letter, and an original manuscript sent via email to the addresses below. (Original artwork, or hard-copy photos and/or illustrations should be sent via mail, but please await word from the editor on the status of your manuscript proposal first.). All manuscripts are subject to anonymous peer review by knowledgeable scholars and professional practitioners and, if accepted, may be subject to revision. Materials submitted to JSSAE should not be under consideration by other publishers, nor should they be previously published in any form. Reference style should conform to the Publications Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), 5th edition. Nonconforming manuscripts will be returned to the author(s) for revision. Send manuscript corre- spondence to: Robin L. Hughes, College of Education ES 3123, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46068. Phone: 317-274-6817, email: [email protected] Design and production by Detta Penna Printed in the United States of America Cover image: © Laurin Rinder | Dreamstime.com Left Coast Press, Inc. 1630 N. Main Street, #400 Walnut Creek, CA 94596 phone (925) 935-3380, fax (925) 935-2916 email [email protected], web www.lcoastpress.com Journal for the Study of SportS and athleteS in education Volume 4 Number 3 fall 2010 EditEd by Robin Hughes and JamEs satterfiEld, jr. Special Issue oN race, culture, aNd Sport C. Keith Harrison, Guest Editor From Center to Research Center: Race, Culture, and Sport 197 C. Keith Harrison Dr. Harry Edwards on the Importance of Mentors: Race, Culture and Sport 203 C. Keith Harrison, Scott Bukstein, Keshia Woodie, and Brittnie Forde Success, Race and Athletic Performance: Biology, Belief or Environment? 207 Robert Carter III, Samuel N. Cheuvront, C. Keith Harrison, Larry Proctor, Kathryn H. Myburgh, Michael D. Brown, and Robert M. Malina Myron Rolle’s ESPN Page 2 Story: A Qualitative Approach to Blog Comments 231 C. Keith Harrison, Suzanne Malia Lawrence, Scott Bukstein, Neza K. Janson, and Keshia Woodie “Ain’t I a Woman?”: Black Women and Title IX 243 Stephanie A. Tryce and Scott N. Brooks Mentoring as an Intervention Strategy: Toward a (Re)negotiation of First Year Student-Athlete Role Identities 257 Eddie Comeaux “It Takes a Village” for African American Male Scholar-Athletes: Mentorship by Parents, Faculty, and Coaches 277 Brandon Martin, C. Keith Harrison, and Scott Bukstein Success Despite the Image: How African American Male Student-Athletes Endure their Academic Journey Amidst Negative Characterizations 297 Leticia Oseguera Research Note/Diggin’ Deeper into the Culture of Revenue Sports: The Need for the Baller Identity Measurement Scale (BIMS) in Assessing Academic and Athletic Identities in Society 325 C. Keith Harrison, Janet Rasmussen, C. Michael Connolly, Neza K Janson, Scott Bukstein, and Cliff Parks ISBN: 978-1-59874-855-0 Journal for the Study of SportS and athleteS in education EditEd by Robin Hughes and JamEs satterfiEld, jr. editorial board usenime Moses akpanudo, Harding University Kerri B. Kearney, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater Jeff anderson, Indiana University, Bloomington Jason Kirksey, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater James Barott, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti George Kuh, Indiana University, Bloomington lydia f. Bell, The University of Arizona Suzanne lawrence, Azusa Pacific University fred Bonner, Texas A&M University, College Station robert leffel, Texas A&M University, College Station elizabeth Broughton, Eastern Michigan University, yvonna lincoln, Texas A&M University, College Ypsilanti Station John carlos, 1968 Olympic Medalist hollie J. Mackey, University of Oklahoma rodney clark, Berea College, Berea, Kentucky Jean Madsen, Texas A&M University, College Station darrell cleveland, Richard Stockton University lori patton, University of Denver aaron clopton, Louisiana State University andrea pent , Neumann College eddie comeaux, University of California, Los Myron pope, University of Central Oklahoma Angeles donna rattley, Attorney, Washington, DC George cunningham, Texas A&M University, rodolfo rincones, University of Texas, El Paso College Station Michael Sagas, University of Florida, Gainesville ron flowers, Eastern Michigan University Gary Sailes, Indiana University, Bloomington Mark Giles, Miami of Ohio philip Seabrook, Indiana University, Indianapolis Valerie Grim, Indiana University, Bloomington dea Shipps, NCAA, Indianapolis ty halpin, NCAA, Indianapolis John Singer, Texas A&M University, College Station Shaun harper, University of Pennsylvania Josh Smith, Indiana University, Indianapolis c. Keith harrison, Scholar-Baller™ Murray Sperber, Indiana University, Bloomington, robert helfenbein, Indiana University, Emeritus Facutly Indianapolis donald Staub, Carteret Community College thomas hill, 1972 Olympic Medalist John thelin, University of Kentucky, Lexington Kandace hinton, Indiana State University, Terre Haute Marrio torres, Texas A&M University, College Station Jennifer hoffman, University of Washington Brian turner, The Ohio State University don hossler, Indiana University, Bloomington Jason W. umfress, Coker College Mary howard-hamilton, Indiana State University, Terre Haute Meagan Van Gelder, University of Nebraska, Omaha robert hughes Sr., Dunbar High School, Fort Worth, Texas Sherree Wilson, Indiana University, Indianapolis e. newton Jackson, University of North Florida ontario S. Wooden, North Carolina Central University tammy Kahrig, Xavier University From the Guest Editor: C. Keith Harrison From center to research center: Race, Culture and Sport Cameron State University versus West Texas A&M, Homecoming 1989 Photo Courtesy of C. Keith Harrison © 1989 In 1991, while a second-year graduate student following my scholar-athlete days pictured above (with my favorite jersey number, 51, inspired by Hall of Fame center Randy Cross), my father instructed me to drop whatever I was doing and sit with him in front of the television set. I quickly learned that Dr. Harry Edwards was next up on the iconic show 60 Minutes, speaking about the topics of race, culture, and sport. I have never been the same human be- ing since watching Professor Edwards drop knowledge on this still relevant topic in American and other global societies. There is no way I had a vision that I would later meet Dr. Edwards in person at numerous locations and at various events. However, the crown- ing jewel is that in April of this past year, my father attended Dr. Edwards’ lecture and visit to the University of California at Los Angeles. At the pre- reception for the event, my father had the opportunity to “chop it up” with Professor Edwards and Pops informed me that one of my two favorite scholar- activist