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The Rise and Fall of Self-Esteem: a Critical Review, Reconceptualization, and Recommendations View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Pepperdine Digital Commons Pepperdine University Pepperdine Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations 2015 The rise and fall of self-esteem: a critical review, reconceptualization, and recommendations Tamara Shawn Levy Eromo Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd Recommended Citation Eromo, Tamara Shawn Levy, "The rise and fall of self-esteem: a critical review, reconceptualization, and recommendations" (2015). Theses and Dissertations. 598. https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd/598 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Pepperdine Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Pepperdine Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected] , [email protected]. Pepperdine University Graduate School of Education and Psychology THE RISE AND FALL OF SELF-ESTEEM: A CRITICAL REVIEW, RECONCEPTUALIZATION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS A clinical dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Psychology by Tamara Shawn Levy Eromo July, 2015 David A. Levy, Ph.D. – Dissertation Chairperson This clinical dissertation, written by Tamara Shawn Levy Eromo under the guidance of a Faculty Committee and approved by its members, has been submitted to and accepted by the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PSYCHOLOGY Doctoral Committee: David A. Levy, Ph.D., Chairperson Dity Brunn, Psy.D. Anat Cohen, Ph.D. © Copyright by Tamara Shawn Levy Eromo (2015) All Rights Reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... vi VITA ............................................................................................................................................. vii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................ xvii Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 1 Research Objective ............................................................................................................. 3 Background ......................................................................................................................... 4 Conceptual Issues Relevant to Defining Self-Esteem ...................................................... 13 Assessment of Self-Esteem ............................................................................................... 18 Chapter 2: Plan of Action ............................................................................................................. 20 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 20 Identification of Relevant Literature ................................................................................. 20 Organization and Synthesis of the Literature .................................................................... 21 Limitations ........................................................................................................................ 22 Chapter 3: Critical Review of the Literature: Integration and Analysis ....................................... 23 Happiness .......................................................................................................................... 23 Initiative ............................................................................................................................ 37 Measures of Self-Esteem .................................................................................................. 53 Chapter 4: Discussion ................................................................................................................... 67 Summary of Findings and Critical Analysis ..................................................................... 68 Applying a Critical Thinking Approach to Self-Esteem ................................................... 70 Summary of Critical Thinking Applications ................................................................... 106 Reconceptualizing Self-Esteem ...................................................................................... 109 Recommendations for Researchers and Clinicians ......................................................... 128 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................... 136 APPENDIX A: Biasing Factors Associated With Self-Report Measures: Glossary of Terms .. 156 APPENDIX B: Complete List of Measures Cited by the Studies Reviewed ............................. 158 APPENDIX C: Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale ............................................................................ 161 v Page APPENDIX D: Harter’s Self-Perception Profile for Children ................................................... 163 vi LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1. A new model of self-esteem .........................................................................................113 vii VITA Tamara Levy Eromo, M.A. EDUCATION Doctor of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Anticipated Spring 2015 Pepperdine University, Los Angeles, CA (APA Accredited) Comprehensive Clinical Competence Examination: Passed, June 2011 Assessment Competency Examination: Passed, June 2012 Masters of Arts, Clinical Psychology, June 2009 Pepperdine University, Los Angeles, CA Bachelor of Arts cum laude, Communication Studies, June 2004 University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA CERTIFICATIONS Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Certification Lovaas Certified Behavioral Therapist SUPERVISED Learning Dynamics, Inc., Woodland Hills, CA CLINICAL Doctoral Fellow, Psychological Assistant PSB37901 EXPERIENCE January 2014-Present Supervisors: Malique Carr, Ph.D., Janice Schneider, Psy.D. and Giselle Jacinto, Ph.D. • Administer, score and interpret psychodiagnostic, psychoeducational, and neuropsychological test instruments to an outpatient population, ranging from younger children to older adults. • Write integrated assessment reports including DSM-5 diagnostic impressions. • Provide both formal and informal feedback to referring clinicians, patients, and families of patients. • Attend weekly individual supervision. • Conduct weekly seminars designed specifically for the masters and doctoral level psychology trainees, including therapeutic intervention seminar and assessment seminar. • Provide weekly peer supervision to both masters and doctoral level trainees. Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA Department of Psychiatry Predoctoral Intern August 2012–August 2013 Training Director: Lawrence A. Levy, Ph.D. (now retired); Janice Schneider, Psy.D. (current) viii • Conduct intake interviews and provide brief interventions, crisis work, and more intensive psychotherapy to outpatient Psychiatry patients who are members of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program. • Patients cover the full age range from younger children to older adults, with the typical ratio being about 30 percent child/adolescent and 70 percent adult. • Administer, score and interpret psychodiagnostic and intelligence test instruments to an outpatient population diagnosed with complex medical problems and psychiatric disorders. • Write integrated assessment reports including 5-Axis diagnostic impressions. • Provide both formal and informal feedback to referring therapists, physicians, and patients. • Attend weekly individual and group supervision and provide formal case presentations. • Conduct comprehensive neuropsychological assessments for adults as part of a neuropsychology elective. • Attend weekly seminars designed specifically for the clinical psychology interns, including intervention seminar, assessment seminar, professionally issues seminar, and an elective neuropsychology seminar. Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases Neuropsychology Extern July 2011–July 2012 Supervisor: Sharon O’Neil, Ph.D. • Conduct comprehensive neuropsychological and psychoeducational assessments for children, adolescents and adults (i.e., childhood cancer survivors) in hematology-oncology. Diagnoses include leukemia, brain tumors, neurofibromatosis and sickle cell anemia. • Write integrated assessment reports and provide feedback sessions. • Conduct neuropsychological evaluations for national Children’s Oncology Group (COG) studies on long-term effects of chemotherapies and irradiation. • Conduct neuropsychological batteries for research evaluating the effects of chemotherapy and stem cell rescue for the treatment of malignant brain tumors for children less than 10 years of age. • Attend weekly multi-disciplinary neural tumors team meeting with physicians, nurses, social workers, nutritionists, pharmacists, and radiation oncologists. • Attend weekly neuroscience didactics and brain cutting/autopsies with neurology fellows. • Attend weekly didactic seminars for current APA interns at the USC/CHLA University Center for Excellence in Developmental
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