SFD Promotion Initiative Bheemdatt Nepal Final Report This SFD Report – Intermediate SFD level - was prepared by Environment and Public Health Organization Date of production: 22/10/2019 Last update: 04/12/2019 SFD Report Bheemdatt, Nepal, 2019 Produced by: Environment and Public Health Organization, ENPHO Authors’ names: Jagam Shrestha, Senior WASH Officer, ENPHO Buddha Bajracharya, Project Coordinator, ENPHO Shushil Nhemhaphuki, Assistance Technical Officer, ENPHO ©Copyright All SFD Promotion Initiative materials are freely available following the open-source concept for capacity development and non-profit use, so long as proper acknowledgement of the source is made when used. Users should always give credit in citations to the original author, source and copyright holder. This Executive Summary and SFD Report are available from: www.sfd.susana.org Bheemdatt Executive Summary Produced by: ENPHO Nepal 1. The Diagram 2. Diagram information 3. General city information Desk or field based: Bheemdatt municipality is located in Kanchanpur District of Sudur Paschim Pradesh, Intermediate. Level 2 report. Nepal. The municipality covers an area of Produced by: 171.63 square kilometres. It is home to 62,050 people as per census 2011. The municipality is Municipal Association Nepal (MuAN). divided into 19 wards. Collaborating partners: The municipality is located at geographical Municipal Association Nepal (MuAN), United coordinates of 28° 59' 15.02" N, 80° 9' 57.78" E, Cities of Local Government Asia Pacific (UCLG in Terai Plain. It has a nearly flat gentle slope aspac). terrain. Alluvial/loam, soft soil and calcareous beds together with colluvium deposits and thin Status: soil layer mixed with gravels are predominant in the area. It has a subtropical climate with an Final SFD report. average minimum and maximum temperatures Date of production: during summer fluctuating between 35° C and 43° C and in winter season it is found in the 26/09/2019 range of 5° C to 19° C. The average annual rainfall in the region is 2,377 mm. Last Update: 04/12/2019 I Bheemdatt Executive Summary Produced by: ENPHO Nepal 4. Service outcomes Treatment and Disposal/ End Use: The municipality does not have a faecal sludge The municipality has been declared Open treatment plant. The private desludging Defecation Free Zone on November 2017. The entrepreneur disposes FS into barren municipality has a stormwater drain in core farmlands. urban areas but lacks municipal sewer thus all the households with toilet rely on onsite 5. Service delivery context sanitation system. The overview of different Access to drinking water and sanitation has sanitation technologies across the sanitation been defined as fundamental rights of every value chain in the municipality is briefly citizen by the constitution of Nepal. In order to explained in the section. respect, protect and implement the rights of Containment: A septic tank consisting of citizen embedded in the constitution, the double-chambered fully lined walls and bottom Goverment of Nepal (GON) has billed the Water with overflow pipe for discharge of effluent is Supply and Sanitation Law 2018 which has constructed in minimal numbers of households. emphasized in a right to quality sanitation A rectangular tank with fully lined walls and services and prohibited direct discharge of bottom was preferred in the households located wastewater and sewage into water bodies or in urban clusters while tanks with impermeable public places. At local government, Bheemdatt walls and open bottom have been installed in municipality has endorsed local health and households at peri-urban and newly settled sanitation procedure 2018 which emphasized in areas. Whereas, in rural settlement lined pits the formation of standards for individual, with semi-permeable walls and open bottom household and communal sanitation and either twin or single pits were used for storage effective implementation. of the faecal sludge. Several policies have been in placed to Majority of institutions were established and accomplish the sanitation need of people. operated in the core urban area of the Particularly, the National Sanitation and municipality. Most of these institutions have Hygiene Master Plan (NSHMP) 2011 has connected the toilet into either fully lined tank or proved as an important strategic document for lined tank with semi-permeable walls, while all stakeholders to develop uniform programs government educational institutes and offices and implementation mechanism at all level. It have installed septic tanks. Whereas institutions strengthens institutional set up with the in a rural area have connected toilets to lined formation of water and sanitation coordination pits with semi-permeable walls and open committee at every tier of government to bottom. actively engage into sanitation campaign. The document adopted sanitation facilities as The major source of drinking water in the improved, basic and limited in line with municipality is groundwater. Almost 87.5% of WHO/UNICEF guideline. The sanitation the population rely on groundwater while campaign throughout the country was focused remaining have tapped surface sources of to achieve universal access to improved water. Mahendranagar Water Supply and sanitation. Sanitation User’s Organization distributes drinking water in urban cluster of ward number The draft Sector Development Plan (SDP) has 3, 6, 7 and 8. Majority of households in envisioned the delineation of roles and remaining wards depend on hand pumps. The responsibility of federal, provincial and local lateral distance between hand pumps and government in an aim to initiate sustainability of containment is close enough to get groundwater Open Defecation Free (ODF) outcomes from contamination. Also, the depth of shallow sanitation campaign and way forward to post groundwater table is very low. Thus risk towards ODF. It mainly emphasized sector pollution of groundwater is high. convergence, institutional and legal reforms, and capacity development of the service Emptying and Transportation: Both traditional providers. Together, with a commitment to manual scavenging and mechanical emptying Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) and practices are observed. Unpredictably, it was promulgation of Total Sanitation Guideline revealed that only 19.79% of households have 2017, it assists the service provider with clear emptied their containments at least once after indicators and targets to be achieved. The latest the installation while remaining containments outcome, specifically to manage Faecal Sludge have never been emptied. This indicates Management (FSM) in the country is the towards high rate of seepages in the area. Institutional and Regulatory Framework for Emptying and transportation services have Faecal Sludge Management. The framework been provided by private entrepreneur. Last Update: 04/12/2019 II Bheemdatt Executive Summary Produced by: ENPHO Nepal envisaged featuring of FSM on national policies Mahendranagar Water Supply and Sanitation through the federal government and issuing User’s Organization was interviewed to policy directives at the local level along with understand situation of drinking water and enhancing the capacity of the service providers. quality issues. The overall data and findings The overall planning, implementation and were shared with the stakeholders of regulating of FSM service chain have been municipality and validated through sharing authorized to local government. In this regard, program. the local government can develop a partnership Major limitation during the collection of data was with either private sector or water and sanitation the types of containments whether they were user committee for effective service delivery. lined or unlined, which was based upon the However, the local government has yet to responses from the respondent. develop rules and regulations, and standards to effectively deliver services across the sanitation 8. Process of SFD development value chain. The data on the sanitation situation is collected 6. Overview of stakeholders through a household survey (ENPHO, 2019). The community mobilizers from the sub- Based on the regulatory framework for FSM, the metropolitan were mobilized after providing the major stakeholders for effective and sustaining orientation on sanitation technologies, service delivery are as presented in Table 1. objectives of the survey and using mobile Table 1 Overview of Stakeholders. application for the survey. Also, KIIs were conducted with officers form the municipality, Key Stakeholders Institutions / Organizations / water supply system, town development committee and private emptying entrepreneurs to understand the situation across the service National Planning Commission, delivery chain. For the production of SFD Ministry of Water Supply and graphic, initially, a relationship between Sanitation, Ministry of Environment sanitation technology used in a questionnaire Public Institutions and Population, Ministry of Federal survey and SFD PI methodology was made. at Federal Affairs and General Administration, Then, data were fed in the graphic generator to Government Department of Water Supply and produce the SFD graphic. Sewerage, Department of Environment, Local Government 9. List of data sources (Municipal Council) o Bheemdatt Municipality, 2016. Profile of Municipality Bheemdatt Municipality, s.l.: s.n. Public Institutions at local Drinking-Water Supply and o Bohara, M. S., 2015. Physico-chemical and Government Sanitation User’s Committee Microbiological