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Agussyarif Hanafie Buku FPK ULM 2019 Ok.Pdf RINGKASAN Biologi Reproduksi dan Teknik Pembenihan Ikan (ISBN 9786027137455. Agussyarif Hanafie,staf akademik program studi Budidaya Perairan, Jurusan Budidaya Perairan FPK ULM. 2019. Bahan buku ini disusun utamanya dari beberapa laporan hasil penelitian, laporan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat, makalah-makalah sebagai narasumber di berbagai lembaga /instansi terkait serta telaah pustaka di perpustakaan dan website terkait. Buku teks ini membahas tentang biologi reproduksi dan teknik pembenihan ikan khususnya ikan konsumsi ekonomis penting. Dengan mengetahui biologi reproduksi dan teknik pembenihan ikan, pembaca akan memperoleh pemahaman tentang cara reproduksi, aspek-aspek biologi reproduksi dan pembenihan ikan, serta diharapkan dapat mengaplikasikan teknik pembenihan ikan sesuai standar operasional prosedur dan melakukan pelestariannya. Setelah menyelesaikan buku teks ini,pembaca diharapkan dapat menguasai materi tentang ruang lingkup biologi reproduksi, merinci biologi reproduksi ikan secara umum, mengetahui cara pemijahan ikan di alam, mengetahui berbagai macam teknik pembenihan ikan konsumsi ekonomis penting memahami cara pemijahan ikan secara alami,dan mengaplikasikan teknik pembenihan ikan ekonomis penting. Buku teks ini disusun untuk kalangan kalangan mahasiswa perikanan khususnya dan mahasiswa biologi untuk mata kuliah tertentu. serta stakeholder pada umumnya. Dengan mengetahui biologi reproduksi dan teknik pembenihan ikan ini diharapkan mempunyai acuan untuk pengembangan budidaya perikanan, khususnya pembenihan ikan serta mampu melakukan pelestariannya. KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillah, puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT yang hanya hidayahNya sehingga Buku Teks tentang Biologi Reproduksi dan Teknik Pembenihan Ikan ini dapat diselesaikan. Tujuan pembuatan buku teks ini tidak hanya sebagai tugas rutin, tetapi juga diharapkan buku ini dapat dipahami dan digunakan sebagai panduan dalam usaha perbenihan ikan sebagai suatu usaha. Tak lupa kami ucapkan terimakasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam menyelesaikan buku teks ini, terutama kepada ibu Dr. Ir. Gusrina, M.Si selaku pendamping, pembaca pertama dari buku teks ini. Semoga keberadaan buku teks ini bermanfaat bagi kita semua. Banjarbaru, 18 Agustus 2019 Penyusun, Ir. Agussyarif Hanafie, M.Si NIP. 196408181990031003 v DAFTAR ISI Uraian halaman Ringkasan ii Kata Pengantar iii Daftar Isi iv BAB I. Tinjauan Umum Buku Teks 1 1.1. Deskripsi Buku Teks 1 1.2. Manfaat Buku Teks 1 1.3. Tujuan Instruksional Umum 1 1.4. Tujuan Instruksional Khusus 1 1.5. Pedoman Umum Penggunaan Buku Ajar 2 BAB II Biologi Reproduksi Ikan 3 2.1. Tujuan Instruksional Umum 3 2.2. Tujuan Instruksional khusus 3 2.3.Cara Reproduksi Ikan 3 2.4.Tingkat Kematangan Gonada 7 2.5.Perkembangan Awal Daur Hidup Ikan 11 2.6.Pengertian Fekunditas dan Macamnya 12 2.7. Reproduksi Ikan 14 BAB III. Macam Pembenihan Ikan 21 3.1. Tujuan Instruksional Umum 21 3.2. Tujuan Instruksional Khusus 21 3.3. Pemijahan Ikan 21 BAB IV Biologi Reproduksi dan Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Nila 25 4.1.Tujuan Instruksional Umum 25 4.2.Tujuan Instruksional khusus 25 4.3.Biologi Reproduksi Ikan Nila 25 4.4.Cara Pembenihan Ikan Nila 28 BAB V Biologi Reproduksi danTeknik Pembenihan Ikan Betutu 39 v 5.1. Tujuan Instruksional Umum 39 5.2. Tujuan Instruksional khusus 39 5.3. Biologi Reproduksi Ikan Betutu 39 5.4. Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Betutu 44 BAB VI Biologi Reproduksidan Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Grass Carp 62 6.1. Tujuan Instruksional Umum 62 6.2. Tujuan Instruksional khusus 62 6.3. Biologi Reproduksi Ikan Grass Carp 62 6.4. Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Grass Carp 66 BAB VII Biologi Reproduksi dan Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Lele 70 7.1. Tujuan Instruksional Umum 70 7.2. Tujuan Instruksional khusus 70 7.3. Biologi Reproduksi Ikan Lele 70 7.4. Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Lele 80 BAB VIII Biologi Reproduksi dan Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Patin 106 Tujuan Instruksional Umum 106 Tujuan Instruksional khusus 106 Biologi Reproduksi Ikan Patin 106 Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Patin 108 BAB IX Biologi Reproduksi danTeknikPembenihan Ikan Gabus 110 Tujuan Instruksional Umum 110 Tujuan Instruksional khusus 110 Biologi Reproduksi Ikan Gabus 110 Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Gabus 114 BAB X Biologi Reproduksi dan Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Sepat Siam 120 Tujuan Instruksional Umum 120 Tujuan Instruksional khusus 120 Biologi Reproduksi Ikan Sepat Siam 120 Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Sepat Siam 125 BAB XI Biologi Reproduksi dan Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Betok 127 Tujuan Instruksional Umum 127 Tujuan Instruksional khusus 127 vi Biologi Reproduksi Ikan Betok 127 Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Betok 140 BAB XII Biologi Reproduksi dan Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Gurami 149 Tujuan Instruksional Umum 149 Tujuan Instruksional khusus 149 Biologi Reproduksi Ikan Gurami 149 Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Gurami 153 BAB XIII Biologi Reproduksi dan Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Tawes 162 Tujuan Instruksional Umum 162 Tujuan Instruksional khusus 162 Biologi Reproduksi Ikan Tawes 162 Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Tawes 165 BAB IV Biologi Reproduksi dan Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Mas 172 Tujuan Instruksional Umum 172 Tujuan Instruksional khusus 172 Biologi Reproduksi Ikan Mas 172 Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Mas 186 BAB XV Biologi Reproduksi dan Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Belida 198 Tujuan Instruksional Umum 198 Tujuan Instruksional khusus 198 Biologi Reproduksi Ikan Belida 198 Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Belida 205 BAB XVI Biologi Reproduksi dan Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Jelawat 210 Tujuan Instruksional Umum 210 Tujuan Instruksional khusus 210 Biologi Reproduksi Ikan Jelawat 210 Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Jelawat 214 BAB XVII Biologi Reproduksi dan Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Bawal Air Tawar 228 Tujuan Instruksional Umum 228 Tujuan Instruksional khusus 228 Biologi Reproduksi Ikan Bawal Air Tawar 228 Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Bawal Air Tawar 232 BAB XVIII Biologi Reproduksi dan Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Baung 236 vii 18.1. Tujuan Instruksional Umum 236 18.2. Tujuan Instruksional khusus 236 18.3. Biologi Reproduksi Ikan Baung 236 18.4. Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Baung 240 BAB XIX Biologi Reproduksi dan Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Nilem 248 19.1. Tujuan Instruksional Umum 248 19.2. Tujuan Instruksional khusus 248 19.3. Biologi Reproduksi Ikan Nilem 248 19.4. Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Nilem 252 Daftar Pustaka 255 Lampiran-Lampiran 270 Biodata Penulis 271 Biodata Calon Pendamping 275 SK Pengangkatan Dosen Tetap 284 viii DAFTAR TABEL Nomor Uraian Halaman Tabel 2.1. Teknik-Teknik dalam Taktik Manipulasi agar reproduksi dapat 20 berhasil: Tabel 5.1. Berat Awal dan Berat Akhir dari Beberapa Penelitian 53 Tabel 5.2. Sintasan Betutu (%) Selama Penelitian yang Pernah Dilakukan 54 Tabel5.3 Padat tebar dan Tempat Pemeliharaan Ikan Betutu yang Pernah 55 Dilakukan Tabel 5. 4. Kualitas Air Utama untuk Pemeliharaan Ikan Betutu dari 57 Beberapa Penelitian Tabel 7.1 Hasil Kegiatan Pengamatan Fertilization Rate (FR) Telur Lele 89 Tabel 7.2.. Hasil Kegiatan Pengamatan Hatching Rate (HR) Telur Lele 89 Tabel7.3 Hasil Pengamatan Parameter Kualitas Air Pada Kegiatan 91 Pembenihan Ikan Lele Sangkuriang Tabel 11.1. Beberapa Hasil Penelitian Ikan Betok dengan Padat Penebaran 132 yang Berbeda Tabel 11. 2. Mortalitas (%) Ikan Betok dari Beberapa Hasil Penelitian 133 Tabel 11.3 .Nilai Faktor Kondisi dari Beberapa Hasil-Hasil Penelitian pada 134 Ikan Betok Tabel11. 4 . Konversi Makanan Ikan Betok dari Beberapa Hasil Penelitian 135 Tabel 11. 5. Suhu Air di Tempat Pemeliharaan Ikan Betok dari Beberapa Hasil 136 Penelitian Tabel11. 6. Kisaran Oksigen Terlarut di Pemeliharaan Ikan Betok dari 137 Beberapa Hasil Penelitian Tabel 11. 7. Kisaran Derajat Keasaman (pH) di Tempat Pemeliharaan Ikan 138 Betok dari Beberapa Hasil Penelitian Tabel 11. 8 Kisaran Amoniak Terlarut di Tempat Pemeliharaan Ikan Betok 139 dari Beberapa Hasil Penelitian Tabel 12.1. Ciri-ciri Ikan Gurami Betina dan Jantan 153 Tabel 141. Contoh komposisi pakan ikan Mas 188 Tabel 18. 1. Hasil Penelitian Padat Penebaran, Pertumbuhan Relatif dan 247 Konversi Makanan (Muflikhah & Gaffar,1991) ix DAFTAR GAMBAR Nomor Uraian Halaman Gambar 4.1. Ikan Nila (sumber :http://nwtilapia.com/ourbreeds.html) 26 Gambar 5.1. Ikan Betutu 40 (sumber:http://michaelrisdianto.blogspot.co.id/2009/08/ik an-betutu- pemalas-tapi-memiliki.html). Gambar 6.1 . Ikan Grass Carp 58 (sumber :http://www.naturephoto-cz.com/grass-carp- photo-20246.html) Gambar 7.1. .Lele kampung, Clarias batrachus 72 ( https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lele) Gambar 7.2. Lele dumbo ( https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lele) 74 Gambar 7.3 Ikan Lele ( https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lele) 77 Gambar 7.4 Hubungan Faktor lingkungan, epigenetik dan genetik 93 dalam kanibalisme Gambar 7.5 Pengaruh Ketersedian Makanan pada Tingkah Laku Ikan 95 Lele(Hecht &Appelbaum 1988; Hecht & Pienaar 1993; Kaiser et al. 1995;Kaiser et al. 1995; Smith & Reay 1991; Polis 1981; Ruzzante 1994;Valerio & Barlow 1986) Gambar 7.6.. Pengaruh rasio pada tingkah laku ikan lele(Hecht & 96 Appelbaum 1988;Hecht & Pienaar 1993; Kaiser et al. 1995; Kaiser et al. 1995; Smith &Reay 1991; Polis 1981; Ruzzante 1994; Valerio & Barlow 1986) Gambar 7.7. Pengaruh ukuran rasio kanibalsime (Hecht & 96 Appelbaum 1988; Hecht & Pienaar 1993; Kaiser et al. 1995; Kaiser et al. 1995; Smith & Reay 1991; Polis 1981; Ruzzante 1994; Valerio & Barlow 1986) Gambar 7.8. Regulasi Gula Darah (Brook dan Marshall, 1996). 98 Gambar 7.9 Peran dari hormon-hormon di dalam metabolism antara 100 selama pemberianmakan dan berpuasa. Garis utuh merupakan rangsangan atau peningkatan; sedangkan garis putus merupakan penghambatan rangsangan ataupengurangan (dimodifikasi dari Foa, 1972). Gambar 8.1 Ikan
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