DOCSLIB.ORG

A Adamawa Plateau, 274 Aeolian Dekese Formation, 262 Africaarray

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Index A Botucatu Formation, 259, 260, 262, 264 Adamawa Plateau, 274 Bouenza Formation, 44 Aeolian Dekese Formation, 262 Bouenza Subgroup, 51 AfricaArray East African Seismic Experiment (AAEASE), 7 Bukoban Supergroup of Tanzania, 48 AfricaArray Tanzania Basin Seismic Experiment (AATBSE), 7 Bunkeya Subgroup, 49 Africa’s bimodal topography, 318 Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) method, 348 Akwokwo Tillite, 53 C Alolo dark shales, 376 Calonda Formation, 170 Alolo Formation, 252 Cameroon highlands Alto-Chiloango Group, 44 Fongo-Tongo—Bamile`ke` Plateau, 286, 291 Alto Garcas Formation, 252 landforms, 286, 291 Amazonian Shield, 248, 250 magmatism and planation surfaces, 286, 290 Amygdaloid basaltic pillow lavas, 60 South Cameroon Plateau, 286 Angola Plateau, 271, 294–296, 303 volcanic rocks, 286 Antarctic Shield, 250 Cape-Karoo Basin (CKB). See also Regional correlations, Southwest Arac¸uai-West Congo Belt, 42 Gondwana Archean cratons, 19–20, 248 Gondwana and Pangea Aruwimi Group amalgamation, 248, 249 age of, 374 break-up, 248, 250–252 Alolo dark shales, 376, 387 phanerozoic map, 250 Biano Groups, 375 tectonic subsidence analysis, 262, 263 Haute Lueki Group, 126 Upper Ecca and Beaufort Groups, 259 Inkisi Group, 375 Cape Supergroup, 247, 262–264 Neoproterozoic quartzitic sandstones, 118 CAR. See Central African Republic (CAR) Oubanguides Belt, 252 Carboniferous Itarare´ Group, 253 Pre-Mesozoic Sequences, 168 Carboniferous-Permian and Triassic sequences. See Karoo-like West Congo Belt, 374 Sequences Asande Rise (North Equatorial Plateau), 319 Carboniferous-Permian Lukuga Group, 253 Australian Shield, 250 CAS. See Central Africa Shield (CAS) Average Organic matter analytical values, 384 Cassange Group, 112, 259, 264 Azanian Craton, 248 Cenomanian Kwango Group, 375 Cenomanian-Turonian age, 138 Cenozoic events, CRS, 329 B Cenozoic Kalahari Group, 219, 247 Bairdestheria, 187 Cenozoic landscape evolution Bamile´ke´ Plateau, 286 Central CB deposits, 304 Banalia Formation, 252 Congo Cuvette (see Congo Cuvette landforms) Banalia Group, 44, 252 landforms evolution, 300–304 Bangui basin, 98, 106 Late Miocene: Pediment X, 303 Bas-Congo Kimpangu kimberlite field, 367–368 Late Miocene–Present-day: Pediments Y and Z, 303 Bate´ke´ Plateaus, 275, 279, 282, 286, 295, 300, 317 planation surfaces analysis, 274–275 Bauru Group, 247 sedimentary record, 274 Beaufort Group, 259, 262, 264 sedimentary rocks, 275–283 Bembe Group, 344 topographic evolution and uplifts, 304–305 Biano Group, 252 Cental Africa (CA) Biano Plateau, 294 CAS and CS, 396, 399 Biano Subgroup, 50 CrNiPgeTi, 400 Bimbo sandstones, 46 CuZnPbBa, 400 Bokungu Group, 259, 262, 375 DRC, 394 Bomu Craton, 6 geological domains, 398 Bottom hole temperatures (BHT), 230 gold, 400 M.J. de Wit et al. (eds.), Geology and Resource Potential of the Congo Basin, Regional Geology Reviews, 407 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-29482-2, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 408 Index Cental Africa (CA) (cont.) Jurassic-Cretaceous sequences, 259 metallogenic fingerprints, 403 Late Cretaceous fluvial sedimentation, 259 mineral deposits, element groups, 396 location of, 163, 164 mineral potential, 404 Lukuga Group, 253, 256 SnSb, 400 Middle Cretaceous Loia and Bokungu Groups, 375 UTHREE, 400 Neoproterozoic-lower Paleozoic sequences Central African Atlantic Swell, 294–296 Fouroumbala-Bakouma and Bangui basins, 98, 106 Central African Republic (CAR) geological setting, 98–100 Fouroumbala-Bakouma Basin, 45, 46 gravity anomalies and modelling, 105–106 Lower Diamictite Formation, 53 Katangan and Zambian basins, 98, 100, 106 Sembe`-Ouesso Basin, 46 Mbuji-Mayi basin, 98, 100, 106 Ubangui Basin, 46 redbeds, 100–101 Central Africa Shield (CAS), 20, 248–250, 252, 253, 263 Rodinia supercontinent, break-up of, 98, 106 CA, 398 seismic refraction data, 102 CrNiPgeTi, 400 seismic-stratigraphic sequences, 102–104, 106–107 CS, 396, 401 Sembe´-Ouesso basin, 98 CuZnPbBa, 400 siliciclastic and carbonate sequences, 100, 106 eastern margins of, 33 tectonism, 104–105 fingerprints, 397–398 well data, 97, 102 formation of, 23, 24 West Congo basin, 98, 106 gold, 400 Neoproterozoic, Paleozoic and Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary mineral potential, 404 sequences, 371, 373 northern margin of, 30 north-east facing terrain, 317 Precambrian basement, 25 Oubanguides Belt, 252 SnSb, 400 Pangea and Gondwana break-up, 248, 250–252 UTHREE, 400 petroleum systems, 388 Central Angola Mobile Belt (CAMB), 21 Precambrian mineral-rich basement terranes, 393 Central CB regional correlations, 253 age-dating, 304 regional geomorphological structure Mbandaka-1 borehole, 116 central zone, 323 Paleogene to Middle Eocene, 304 Cuvette Central, 319, 320 planation surface, 286 deep sea Congo Fan, 319 relative stratigraphy, 304 erosion-transport-deposition, 319 Samba borehole, 115 southern reaches, 320 sediment infill, 304 topographic enhancement, EARS, 321 sedimentological analysis, 272 topography, 321 seismic refraction data, 118–120 TRM, 323 stratigraphic wells, 102 western and eastern highlands, 319 Upper Cretaceous sequence, 158 western region, 321, 322 CKB. See Cape-Karoo Basin (CKB) sedimentation, 373 Clarens Formations, 259 seismic reflection profiles, 97 Conchostracans southeastern margin, 252 Congestheriella, 186–187 stratigraphic records, 245, 247 Euestheria sambaensis, 186 subcircular, 245 Paraleptestheria, 186 surface area of, 163 Pseudestherites, 185, 186 tectonic setting, 165, 167 Stanleyviella, 186 tectonic subsidence analysis, 262, 263 Congestheriella, 186–187 Triassic sequences, 259 Conglomerate, 170 U-Pb detrital zircons geochronology, 259 Congo Basin (CB). See also Regional correlations, Southwest Upper Jurassic Stanleyville Group, 259 Gondwana Upper Kwango Group, 259 aeolian sequence, 259 Congo Cuvette landforms Carboniferous-Permian Lukuga Group, 253 Angolese Plateau, 287–288, 294–295 Cenozoic development, 318 Cameroon Highlands, 286–289, 291 Congo Shield (CS), 398, 399, 403 Cenozoic evolution, 271–272 crescent shaped CR, 316, 317 East African Dome, 291–292, 294, 297–298 depositional successions, 247 elevation of base, 271 development, 373 geomorphologic analyses, 271–273 drainage patterns (see Drainage patterns) incised valleys and channels, 284 DRC and eastern Lake region, 393 Kamina/Kasai/Lunde/Kwango Plateaus, 293, 294 first order geomorphology, 318 pediment system, 286 geological map, 163, 165, 246 piedmont, 284 geological structures, 167 planation surfaces, 284–285, 326 Gondwana and Pangea amalgamation, 248 regional chronology and dating, 296–298, 300 gravimetric and magneticfield surveys, 97 relative chronology, 286 ITCZ, 317 South Cameroon–North Gabon Plateau, 295–296 JNOC, 372 Ubangian Rise, 287–288, 291 Index 409 Congolese Cratons, 22 weathering profile, 281 Congolese surface (C), 286 Dekese Formation, 259, 264, 375 Central CB, 297 Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) definition, 286, 303 Haute Lueki Group, 114, 115 erosion, 300 Itombwe basin, 46–47 etchplain, 284–285 Katanga Basin, 48–50 iron duricrusts, 285 Katanga Province (see Katanga Kundelungu kimberlite field) Paleogene, 298 kimberlites fields (see Kimberlites fields, DRC) pediplain, 284 Likki-Bembe` Basin, 46 Congo River System (CRS) Lindi Basin, 44, 45 Cenozoic events, 329 lower Kwango River geographical setting, 316 diamond-bearing gravels (see Diamond-bearing gravels, lower Neogene events, 330–332 Kwango River DRC) phylogenetic age estimates, geomorphic events, 332 geophysics (see Geophysics, lower Kwango River DRC) Congo Shield (CS), 20 Lukuga Group, 113–115 Congo Supergroup, 247 Malagarazi-Bukoban basin, 46–47 Continental Drift, 245, 248 Sangha-Comba-Lower-Congo basins, 42–44 Corumbataı´ Formation, 259 Sankuru-Mbuji-Mayi-Lomami-Lovoy Basin (See Sankuru-Mbuji- CRS. See Congo River System (CRS) Mayi-Lomami-Lovoy Basin (SMLL)) Cryogenian sequences, 30–31 Dendritic drainage patterns, 320 Cuango Shield, 344 Cuvette Central, 318, 325 Cuvette Centrale Northern Oubangui System, 318, 325 geological map of, 163, 165 Upper Malagarasi System, 318, 325 geological structures, 167 Devonian Parana´ Group, 247, 252 Kiri and Lonkonia highs, 167 Diamond-bearing gravels, lower Kwango River DRC location of, 164 alluvial sediments, 341 oil and gas exploration programs, 164 catchment area, 342 stratigraphic sequences diamond, records, 341–342 diamonds and kimberlites, 170 geology Kalahari and younger sediments, 168, 170 conglomerates, planar and cross-bedded, 346 Mesozoic and Cenozoic cover sequences, 168 Cuango Shield, 344 pre-Mesozoic sequences, 167–168 gneisses and Proterozoic sediments, 346 Cuvette Craton, 20 kaolinite-iron oxyhydrate clay, 347 Kiongo Formation, 346 Kwango Group, 346 D Mid-Pleistocene hand axes, 347 De BeersGroup, 363 raised terrace deposits, 347 Dekese boreholes sands of Kalahari Group, or the ‘serie des sables ocre, 346 coarse-grained unit, 281 ‘schisto-calcaire’ meta-sediments, 344 fine-grained sandstones unit, 281 ‘Schisto-Gre`seux Series,’ 345 J–K sequences silcretes or ‘gre`s polymorphes, 346 aeolian facies successions, 143, 148 south-western DRC and northern Angola, 345 conglomerates facies, 143, 146 geomorphology fine-grained facies and shales, 143, 146 abandoned channel, 348 fluvial-delta facies succession, 143, 151 lower Kwango River, 350 paleosols, 143, 146 Palaeozoic fluvial-glacial sediments, 347 sandstone facies, 143, 146 trap site development, influence of river, 347–348 sequence-stratigraphic analysis, 143, 145, 146 Upper Kwango aeolian sediments, 348 shallow marine facies, 143, 147 geophysics (see Geophysics, lower Kwango River DRC) Karoo-like sequences locality map, 342 litho-and bio-stratigraphic
Recommended publications
  • Landscape Evolution, Neotectonics and Quaternary Environmental Change in Southern Cameroon

    Landscape Evolution, Neotectonics and Quaternary Environmental Change in Southern Cameroon

    PALAEOECOLOGY OF AFRICA PALAEOECOLOGY OF AFRICA International Yearbook of Landscape Evolution and Palaeoenvironments 31 31 International Yearbook of Landscape Evolution and Palaeoenvironments 31 Runge Founded in 1966, the internationally recognized and acclaimed Series ‘Palaeoecology of Africa’ publishes interdisciplinary scientific papers on landscape evolution and on former environments of the African continent. Beginning with topics such as changes in climate and vegetation cover, the papers expand horizons and interconnections to various types of environmental dynamics from the Cainozoic up to the present; moreover, the aspect of human influence since the Late Quaternary is related to many of the areas studied. Cameroon Southern in Change Environmental Quaternary and Neotectonics Evolution, Landscape Volume 31 presents four comprehensive papers on long‐ and short‐term processes of landscape evolution (geological history, neotectonics and proxy Quaternary alluvia), as well as a recent regional perspective on environmental problems in Southern Cameroon. The book acts as a showcase for successful North‐South cooperation and capacity building for empowering African Universities. It is problem oriented and applied, and illustrates how scientific and interdisciplinary cooperation can work. In the framework of the German Research Foundation’s (DFG, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) funded "Rain Forest Savanna Contact" project (2003‐2009) two abbreviated English versions of PhD theses are here published, one by J. Eisenberg on neotectonics and the other by M. Sangen on river sediments in rain forest‐savanna transitional zones. Complementary articles are an introduction on geological history, by B. Kankeu et al. and a paper on environmental risks by M. Tchindjang et al., together these complete the results of this joint German‐Cameroonian research project.
  • Biomass Burning and Water Balance Dynamics in the Lake Chad Basin in Africa

    Biomass Burning and Water Balance Dynamics in the Lake Chad Basin in Africa

    Article Biomass Burning and Water Balance Dynamics in the Lake Chad Basin in Africa Forrest W. Black 1 , Jejung Lee 1,*, Charles M. Ichoku 2, Luke Ellison 3 , Charles K. Gatebe 4 , Rakiya Babamaaji 5, Khodayar Abdollahi 6 and Soma San 1 1 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; [email protected] (F.W.B.); [email protected] (S.S.) 2 Graduate Program, College of Arts & Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA; [email protected] 3 Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706, USA; [email protected] 4 Atmospheric Science Branch SGG, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Code 245-5, ofc. 136, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; [email protected] 5 National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA), PMB 437, Abuja, Nigeria; [email protected] 6 Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, P.O. Box 115, Shahrekord 88186-34141, Iran; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-816-235-6495 Abstract: The present study investigated the effect of biomass burning on the water cycle using a case study of the Chari–Logone Catchment of the Lake Chad Basin (LCB). The Chari–Logone catchment was selected because it supplies over 90% of the water input to the lake, which is the largest basin in central Africa. Two water balance simulations, one considering burning and one without, were compared from the years 2003 to 2011. For a more comprehensive assessment of the effects of burning, albedo change, which has been shown to have a significant impact on a number of Citation: Black, F.W.; Lee, J.; Ichoku, environmental factors, was used as a model input for calculating potential evapotranspiration (ET).
  • The Long-Term Evolution of the Congo Deep-Sea Fan: a Basin-Wide View of the Interaction Between a Giant Submarine Fan and a Mature Passive Margin (Zaiango Project)

    The Long-Term Evolution of the Congo Deep-Sea Fan: a Basin-Wide View of the Interaction Between a Giant Submarine Fan and a Mature Passive Margin (Zaiango Project)

    The Congo deep-sea fan: how far and for how long? A basin-wide view of the interaction between a giant submarine fan and a mature passive margin Zahie Anka 1,*, Michel Séranne 2,**, Michel Lopez 2, Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth 1, Bruno Savoye 3,†. 1. GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany. 2. CNRS-Université Montpellier II. cc 060, Geosciences Montpellier. 34095 Montpellier, France. 3. IFREMER, Geosciences Marines, BP 70 — 29280 Plouzané, France. (*) [email protected] (**) [email protected] (†) deceased 1.- Introduction The Congo deep-sea fan is one of the largest submarine fan systems in the world and one of the most important depocentre in the eastern south Atlantic. The present-day fan extends over 1000 km offshore the Congo-Angola continental margin and it is sourced by the Congo River, whose continental drainage area is the second largest in the world (3.7 106 km²) (Droz et al., 1996) (Fig.1). There is a direct connexion between the river’s drainage basin and the deep basin through an impressive submarine canyon, which cuts down about 950 m at the shelf-break and more than 1300 m at 100 km offshore the coastline (Babonneau et al., 2002). Hence, the direct transfer of terrigenous material onto the abyssal plain takes place through the canyon, by-passing the shelf and upper slope. The submarine fan covers a surface of about 300,000 km² and contains at least 0.7 Mkm³ of Tertiary sediments (Anka and Séranne, 2004; Droz et al., 2003; Savoye et al., 2000).
  • SÉRANNE, M., and ANKA, Z., 2005

    SÉRANNE, M., and ANKA, Z., 2005

    ARTICLE IN PRESS Journal of African Earth Sciences xxx (2005) xxx–xxx www.elsevier.com/locate/jafrearsci South Atlantic continental margins of Africa: A comparison of the tectonic vs climate interplay on the evolution of equatorial west Africa and SW Africa margins Michel Se´ranne *, Zahie Anka UMR 5573 Dynamique de la Lithosphe`re, CNRS/Universite´ Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France Received 5 February 2005; accepted 18 July 2005 Abstract Africa displays a variety of continental margin structures, tectonic styles and sedimentary records. The comparative review of two representative segments: the equatorial western Africa and the SW Africa margins, helps in analysing the main controlling factors on the development of these margins. Early Cretaceous active rifting south of the Walvis Ridge resulted in the formation of the SW Africa volcanic margin that displays thick and wide intermediate igneous crust, adjacent to a thick unstretched continental crust. The non-vol- canic mode of rifting north of the Walvis ridge, led to the formation of the equatorial western Africa margin, characterised by a wide zone of crustal stretching and thinning, and thick, extensive, syn-rift basins. Contrasting lithologies of the early post-rift (salt vs shale) determined the style of gravitational deformation, whilst periods of activity of the decollements were controlled by sedimentation rates. Regressive erosion across the prominent shoulder uplift of SW Africa accounts for high clastic sedimentation rate during Late Creta- ceous to Eocene, while dominant carbonate production on equatorial western Africa shelf suggests very little erosion of a low hinterland. The early Oligocene long-term climate change had contrasted response in both margins.
  • Sea Experience in Developing Countries

    Sea Experience in Developing Countries

    Chapter 6 SEA EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Increasingly, developing countries are experimenting with SEA and some have SEA-type approaches and elements in place already. There is also considerable experience with using a variety of strategic planning processes that display many of the characteristics of SEA (para SEA). We focus first on SEA in southern Africa where a dedicated regional workshop on SEA was organised to feed into this review (SAIEA 2003a), followed by sections covering francophone Africa, the rest of sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, Asia and elsewhere. But our survey of this field represents no more than a preliminary reconnaissance. Selected examples of SEA and para SEA illustrate some of the indigenous approaches that have been adopted. These are less common than SEAs promoted and funded by development assistance agencies (which are reviewed in Chapter 4). In most cases where formal SEA has been undertaken in developing countries, the basic aim and approach has mirrored that in the north – namely to identify the environmental consequences (and associated social and economic effects) of existing, new or revised policies, plans and programmes. These represent only a small number of the broad family of SEA approaches. But they are a highly visible sub-set of the large suite of informal or para-SEAs which form part of development policy-making, land use planning or resource management. No strict boundaries can be drawn for this latter area of application. Only the more evident SEA type elements and approaches are introduced in this chapter. Nevertheless, they indicate the scope and diversity of the extended SEA family in developing countries, where political and economic realities constrain what can be done.
  • Hafnium and Neodymium Isotopes in Surface Waters of the Eastern Atlantic Ocean: Implications for Sources and Inputs of Trace Metals to the Ocean

    Hafnium and Neodymium Isotopes in Surface Waters of the Eastern Atlantic Ocean: Implications for Sources and Inputs of Trace Metals to the Ocean

    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 74 (2010) 540–557 www.elsevier.com/locate/gca Hafnium and neodymium isotopes in surface waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean: Implications for sources and inputs of trace metals to the ocean J. Rickli a,*, M. Frank b, A.R. Baker c, S. Aciego a, G. de Souza a, R.B. Georg d, A.N. Halliday d a ETH Zurich, Institute for Isotope Geochemistry and Mineral Resources, Clausiusstrasse 25, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland b IFM-GEOMAR, Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences, 24148 Kiel, Germany c School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK d Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PR, UK Received 14 January 2009; accepted in revised form 30 September 2009; available online 7 October 2009 Abstract We present hafnium (Hf) and neodymium (Nd) isotopic compositions and concentrations in surface waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean between the coast of Spain and South-Africa. These data are complemented by Hf and Nd isotopic and con- centration data, as well as rare earth element (REE) concentrations, in Saharan dust. Hafnium concentrations range between a maximum of 0.52 pmol/kg in the area of the Canary Islands and a minimum value of 0.08 pmol/kg in the southern Angola Basin. Neodymium concentrations also show a local maximum in the area of the Canary Islands (26 pmol/kg) but are even higher between ~20°N and ~4°N reaching maximum concentrations of 35 pmol/kg. These elevated concentrations provide evidence of inputs from weathering of the Canary Islands and from the partial dissolution of dust from the Sahara/Sahel region.
  • Animal Genetic Resources Information Bulletin

    Animal Genetic Resources Information Bulletin

    127 WHITE FULANI CATTLE OF WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA C.L. Tawah' and J.E.O. Rege2 'Centre for Animal and Veterinary Research. P.O. Box 65, Ngaoundere, Adamawa Province, CAMEROON 2International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, ETHIOPIA SUMMARY The paper reviews information on the White Fulani cattle under the headings: origin, classification, distribution, population statistics, ecological settings, utility, husbandry practices, physical characteristics, special genetic characteristics, adaptive attributes and performance characteristics. It was concluded that the breed is economically important for several local communities in many West and Central African countries. The population of the breed is substantial. However, introgression from exotic cattle breeds as well as interbreeding with local breeds represent the major threat to the breed. The review identified a lack of programmes to develop the breed as being inimical to its long-term existence. RESUME L'article repasse l'information sur la race White Fulani du point de vue: origine, classement, distribution, statistique de population, contexte écologique, utilité, pratiques de conduites, caractéristiques physiques, caractéristiques génétiques spéciales, adaptabilité, et performances. On conclu que la race est importante du point de vue économique pour diverses communautés rurales dans la plupart des régions orientales et centrale de l'Afrique. Le nombre total de cette race est important; cependant, l'introduction de races exotiques, ainsi que le croisement avec des races locales représente le risque le plus important pour cette race. Cet article souligne également le fait que le manque de programmes de développement à long terme représente un risque important pour la conservation de cette race.
  • Deep Sea Drilling Project Initial Reports Volume 40

    Deep Sea Drilling Project Initial Reports Volume 40

    28. LEG 40 RESULTS IN RELATION TO CONTINENTAL SHELF AND ONSHORE GEOLOGY William G. Siesser, Department of Geology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa INTRODUCTION tion of basins; instead a sediment wedge has prograded seaward in a deltaic fashion (Scrutton and Dingle, This study compares and contrasts the sedimentary 1974). However, there is some suggestion that history of the onshore coastal region and the continen- marginal-fracture zones striking perpendicular to the tal shelf along the west coast of South Africa, South coast have acted as lines of differential subsidence, thus West Africa, and Angola with that of the outer con- exercising some control over the movement of tinental margin of those countries (Figure 1), as shown sediments parallel to the coast (Scrutton and Dingle, by Leg 40 drilling. 1974). This situation is in contrast to the Cuanza Basin of Geologic Setting: Mesozoic and Tertiary Sedimentation Angola, where sedimentation has been controlled by a Southern Africa underwent its last orogenic phase marginal basement plateau, a number of basement during the Triassic, raising up the Cape Fold Belt. highs, and salt structures (Scrutton and Dingle, 1974). Although no further orogenies occurred, southern Africa remained a high continental mass throughout Onshore the Mesozoic and Cenozoic owing to repeated epeiro- Only two Cretaceous exposures have been reported genic uplift. Epeirogenesis had a characteristic and between Cape Agulhas and the Kunene River. The repeated pattern: maximum uplift occurred in a zone southernmost is a deposit of nonmarine clayey sands near the coastal margin (somewhat seaward of what is (with calcareous concretions) containing bones of the now the Great Escarpment), resulting in a steep dinosaur Kangnasaurus coetzeei, calcified and silicified seaward tilting on the outer side and a gentler inland wood, and streaks of lignite (Rogers, 1915).
  • Deep Sea Drilling Project Initial Reports Volume 47 Part 2

    Deep Sea Drilling Project Initial Reports Volume 47 Part 2

    INDEX Acaeniotyle umbilicata Zone, 668 Background and objectives, Site 398, 26 Acoustic Bacterial, sulfate reduction, 733 anisotropy, 59, 585 activity, 44 basement, 86, 639 Base-of-slope province, 374 impedance, computation of, 625, Site 398, 63 Basement, 639 pseudologs, 623 Basins and Site 398, correlation between regional, 647 stratigraphy, 91, 639 Bedoulian group, 290 Site 398, 761 Bejaouaennsis Zone (MCi 23), 292 unit 3, nature of, 86 Belemnites, 55, 297 velocity, 585 Benthic, foraminifers, 729 Age of opening of North Atlantic, 28 assemblages, 293 Agglutinated foraminifers, 290, 294, 691 residual, 290, 293, 295 residual, 292 Betic system, 658 Algerianus Zone (Mci 21), foraminifers, 291 Biogenic activity, indexes of organic matter, 419 Alkalinity, 578 minerals, Lower Cretaceous sediments, 686 Alteration indexes, 543 Biostratigraphy, 69 Ammonites, 56, 75, 290, 297 Cenozoic foraminifers, 69, 255 Douvilleiceras mammilatum Zone, 362 Lower Cretaceous, 688 Euhoplites lautus Zone, 362 nannofossils, 327 loricatus Zone, 362 Bioturbation: See Burrows Hoplites dentatus Zone, 362 evidence for, 258 Lower Cretaceous, 361 Bitumen content, Hole 397 sediments, 543 systematic descriptions, 362 Black shale deposition, 30, 55, 56, 405, 437, 665, 667 Amorphous kerogen, 550 719 Ampere Bank, 659 analysis of, 472 Angola Basin, 575, 735 organic matter in, 719 Angular unconformity, 56, 93 Block-faulting, 93 Anistropy, degree of cementation, relationship to, 585 Bottom currents, 375, 380 Anomaly /, 639 temperatures, 511 MO, 639 water, formation of, Antarctic,
  • State Visit of H.E. Paul BIYA, President of the Republic of Cameroon, to Italy 20 - 22 March 2017

    State Visit of H.E. Paul BIYA, President of the Republic of Cameroon, to Italy 20 - 22 March 2017

    TRAVAIL WORK FATHERLANDPATRIE PAIX REPUBLIQUEDU CAMEROUN PEACE REPUBLIQUE OF CAMEROON Paix - Travail - Patrie Peace - Work- Fatherland ------- ------- CABINET CIVIL CABINET CIVIL ------- ------- R E CELLULE DE COMMUNICATION R COMMUNICATION UNIT P N U EP N U B UB OO L LIC O MER O IQ F CA ER UE DU CAM State Visit of H.E. Paul BIYA, President of the Republic of Cameroon, to Italy 20 - 22 March 2017 PRESS KIT Our Website : www.prc.cm TRAVAIL WORK FATHERLANDPATRIE PAIX REPUBLIQUEDU CAMEROUN PEACE REPUBLIQUE OF CAMEROON Paix - Travail - Patrie Peace - Work- Fatherland ------- ------- CABINET CIVIL CABINET CIVIL R ------- E ------- P RE N U P N U B UB OO L LIC O MER O IQ F CA ER CELLULE DE COMMUNICATION UE DU CAM COMMUNICATION UNIT THE CAMEROONIAN COMMUNITY IN ITALY - It is estimated at about 12,000 people including approximately 4.000 students. - The Cameroonian students’ community is the first African community and the fifth worldwide. - Fields of study or of specialization are: medicine (about 2800); engineering (about 400); architecture (about 300); pharmacy (about 150) and economics (about 120). - Some Cameroonian students receive training in hotel management, law, communication and international cooperation. - Cameroonian workers in Italy are about 300 in number. They consist essentially of former students practicing as doctors, pharmacists, lawyers or business executives. - Other Cameroonians with precarious or irregular status operate in small jobs: labourers, domestic workers, mechanics, etc. The number is estimated at about 1.500. 1 TRAVAIL WORK FATHERLANDPATRIE REPUBLIQUEDU CAMEROUN PAIX REPUBLIQUE OF CAMEROON PEACE Paix - Travail - Patrie Peace - Work- Fatherland ------- ------- CABINET CIVIL CABINET CIVIL ------- ------- R E ELLULE DE COMMUNICATION R C P E N COMMUNICATION UNIT U P N U B UB OO L LIC O MER O IQ F CA ER UE DU CAM GENERAL PRESENTATION OF CAMEROON ameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon is History a country in the west Central Africa region.
  • Adaptive Water Management in the Lake Chad Basin Addressing Current Challenges and Adapting to Future Needs

    Adaptive Water Management in the Lake Chad Basin Addressing Current Challenges and Adapting to Future Needs

    Seminar Proceedings Adaptive Water Management in the Lake Chad Basin Addressing current challenges and adapting to future needs World Water Week, Stockholm, August 16-22, 2009 Adaptive Water Management in the Lake Chad Basin Addressing current challenges and adapting to future needs World Water Week, Stockholm, August 16-22, 2009 Contents Acknowledgements 4 Seminar Overview 5 The Project for Water Transfer from Oubangui to Lake Chad 9 The Application of Climate Adaptation Systems and Improvement of 19 Predictability Systems in the Lake Chad Basin The Aquifer Recharge and Storage Systems to Halt the High Level of Evapotranspiration 29 Appraisal and Up-Scaling of Water Conservation and Small-Scale Agriculture Technologies 45 Summary and Conclusions 59 4 Adaptive Water Management in the Lake Chad Basin Acknowledgements The authors wish to express their gratitude to the following persons for their support; namely: Claudia Casarotto for the technical revision and Edith Mahabir for editing. Thanks to their continuous support and prompt action, it was possible to meet the very narrow deadline to produce it. Seminar Overview 5 Seminar Overview Maher Salman, Technical Officer, NRL, FAO Alex Blériot Momha, Director of Information, LCBC The entire geographical basin of the Lake Chad covers 8 percent of the surface area of the African continent, shared between the countries of Algeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Libya, Niger, Nigeria and Sudan. In recent decades, the open water surface of Lake Chad has reduced from approximately 25 000 km2 in 1963, to less than 2 000 km2 in the 1990s heavily impacting the Basin’s economic activities and food security.
  • Biogeohydrodynamic in the Forested Humid Tropical Environment

    Biogeohydrodynamic in the Forested Humid Tropical Environment

    Séance spécialisée Bull. Soc. géol. France, 2002, t. 173, no 4, pp. 347-357 Sol, altération, érosion Toulouse, 30-31 mai 2000 Biogeohydrodynamic in the forested humid tropical environment : the case study of the Nsimi small experimental watershed (south Cameroon) JEAN-JACQUES BRAUN1,2,BERNARD DUPRÉ2,JÉRÔME VIERS2,JULES RÉMY NDAM NGOUPAYOU3, JEAN-PIERRE BEDIMO BEDIMO4,LUC SIGHA-NKAMDJOU4,RÉMI FREYDIER2,HENRI ROBAIN1,5, BRUNOT NYECK3,JACQUES BODIN1,PRISCIA OLIVA2,JEAN-LOUP BOEGLIN1, SÉBASTIEN STEMMLER6 and JACQUES BERTHELIN6 Key words. – Lowland humid tropics, Small experimental watershed (SEW), Mass balance, Biogeochemistry, Hydrological func- tioning, Chemical and physical weathering, Laterite Abstract. – This paper summarizes a six-year study of the Nsimi Small Experimental Watershed (SEW), considered as a model for the South Cameroon humid tropical ecosystem. When this small watershed was set up, no similar survey of input/output hydrobiogeochemical fluxes in granitoid rocks in stable cratonic environment was available, to our knowledge, on any site close to the Equator. Moreover, this is the first attempt, world-wide, to combine different ap- proaches in hydrology, (bio)geochemistry, mineralogy, crystallography, microbiology, geophysics and pedology. Re- search is based on (1) regular hydrobiogeochemical surveys in various water reservoirs of the SEW ecosystem (atmospheric deposits, groundwater and stream), (2) surveys related either to the organisation and composition of dif- ferent reservoirs in the superficial layers (basement rocks,