INDEX

Acaeniotyle umbilicata Zone, 668 Background and objectives, Site 398, 26 Acoustic Bacterial, sulfate reduction, 733 anisotropy, 59, 585 activity, 44 basement, 86, 639 Base-of-slope province, 374 impedance, computation of, 625, Site 398, 63 Basement, 639 pseudologs, 623 Basins and Site 398, correlation between regional, 647 stratigraphy, 91, 639 Bedoulian group, 290 Site 398, 761 Bejaouaennsis Zone (MCi 23), 292 unit 3, nature of, 86 Belemnites, 55, 297 velocity, 585 Benthic, foraminifers, 729 Age of opening of North Atlantic, 28 assemblages, 293 Agglutinated foraminifers, 290, 294, 691 residual, 290, 293, 295 residual, 292 Betic system, 658 Algerianus Zone (Mci 21), foraminifers, 291 Biogenic activity, indexes of organic matter, 419 Alkalinity, 578 minerals, Lower Cretaceous sediments, 686 Alteration indexes, 543 Biostratigraphy, 69 Ammonites, 56, 75, 290, 297 Cenozoic foraminifers, 69, 255 Douvilleiceras mammilatum Zone, 362 Lower Cretaceous, 688 Euhoplites lautus Zone, 362 nannofossils, 327 loricatus Zone, 362 Bioturbation: See Burrows Hoplites dentatus Zone, 362 evidence for, 258 Lower Cretaceous, 361 Bitumen content, Hole 397 sediments, 543 systematic descriptions, 362 Black shale deposition, 30, 55, 56, 405, 437, 665, 667 Amorphous kerogen, 550 719 Ampere Bank, 659 analysis of, 472 Angola Basin, 575, 735 organic matter in, 719 Angular unconformity, 56, 93 Block-faulting, 93 Anistropy, degree of cementation, relationship to, 585 Bottom currents, 375, 380 Anomaly /, 639 temperatures, 511 MO, 639 water, formation of, Antarctic, 511 34, 95, 766 waters, low-oxygen conditions, 728 Anoxic conditions, 56 Bottom-current activity, 48, 729 Antarctic bottom water, formation of, 511 Bouma sequences, 53 Antarctica, ice formation on, 441 Broinsonia parca Zone, defined, 331 Anticlines, diapiric, 636 Burial depth and carbonate content, sound velocity re- Aptychus, 297, 404 lationship to, 646 Argo Formation, 28 Burrows, 41, 42, 54, 258, 419, 729 Assemblage-lithofacies relationship, lithologic sub-unit Chondrites, 36, 51, 381 Illb, 308 Helminthoides, 381 Sub-unit Ilia, 306 Mycellia, 36, 381 Ila, 300 Zoophycos, 37, 51, 381 lie, 303 Chiatozygus litterarius Zone, 76 lid, 304 Cabri Zone (Mci 19), 291 IVa, 309 Calcicalithina oblongata Zone, defined, 330, 76 IVb, 310 Calcite, origin of, 435 Unit V, 311 compensation depth, 385 Atlantic, opening of, 667 Calcium carbonate content, relationship to reflectors, Siliceous reproductivity, 49 590 subsidence and opening of, 674 Calpionellids, 289 Attapulgite, 52, 56 Campanian-Cenomanian hiatus, 51, 534 formation of, 437 Campanian/Maestrichtian boundary, 77 Authorship, responsibility for, 5 Cape Basin, 553, 575 Autochronous facies, 48 Carbon, Hole 398D, geochemistry of, 554 Azores-Gibraltar line, 768 Holes 397 and 397A, Geochemistry of, 553

777 isotope event, 489 stresses, 636 isotope data, 489 velocity, relationship to clay content, 589 13 data, isotopic unit, 509 wave velocities as a function of pressure, 587 14, isotopes from bulk carbonate samples, 493 Computation of acoustic impedances, 625 Lithologic unit 1, geochemistry of, 554 Condensed sedimentation, 294 2, geochemistry of, 555 Continental blocks, subsidence of, 93 3, geochemistry of, 555 Continental deposits, 636 4, geochemistry of, 561 fragmentation, geometry of initial, 28 Carbon-carbonate analyses, 16, 65 margin, tectonic setting, West Iberia, 753 Carbon-oxygen isotopes, effect of diagenesis on, 493 of Iberia, dominant structural trends, 753 Carbon-13 values, Cretaceous-Tertiary transition, margins, history of, 30 change in, 494 mechanisms to explain, formation and, evolu- post-Eocene, 494 tion of, 768 Carbonate bomb data, 13 rise province of passive margins, 374 compensation depth, 244, 297, 299 Contourite, 381 content, 535 Convoluted bedding, 53 sound velocity, relationship to burial depth Cooling, Cenozoic worldwide, 441 and, 646 Copper porphyrin, 573 cycles, 385 Core temperature, effect on velocity measurements, preservation, 45 585 samples, oxygen 18 and carbon 14, isotopes, 493 Correlation between regional basins and Site 398, 647 sedimentation and diagenesis, 732 of lithology with acoustics, Formation la, 647 Carbonification level, 695 lb, 647 Catagenesis, primary, 719 3, 647 Catinaster coalithus Zone, defined, 358 4, 647 Cementation, relationship to anistropy, 585 reflection profiles with, drilling results, 80 Cenomanian transgression, 636, 674 Correspondence analysis, aim of, 469 section, Site 398D, 404 Cretaceous, Black shales, 719 Cenomanian/Campanian unconformity, 527 foraminifers, 74, 289 Cenozoic compressional movements, 675 magnetic quiet zone, 766 foraminifers, biostratigraphy, 675 nannofossils, 76, 77, 329 nannofossils, 72 palynofacies, 453 objectives, 31 petroleum-generating capability of, 533 paleotemperatures, Site 398, 507 Sedimentary environments, Site 398, 719 palynology, 74 quiet zone, 639 sedimentary evolution, 48 sediments, lipid geochemistry of, 567 structural evolution, 651 nature and, origin of organic content, 529 sediments, diagenesis, 44 sapropelic, 529 sequence, 44 shales, geochemistry, 513 worldwide cooling, 441 mineral carbon, 513 Ceratolithus tricorniculatus Zone, defined, 359 organic carbon, 514 Charlie-Gibbs fracture zone, 95, 768 petrography, 523 Chiasmolithus danicus Zone, defined, 72, 331 Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, 44 oamaruensis Zone, defined, 353 paleotemperature trends, 477 Chiastozygus litterarius Zone, defined, 74, 330 transition, change in carbon-13 values, 494 Chiphragmalithus alatus Zone, defined, 72, 352 Cretaceous/Paleocene boundary, foraminifers, 69 Chloroform extracts, 517 Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, nannofossils, 77 Chlorophyll diagenesis, 571 Cretahabdulus crenulatus Zone, 74 Chondrites, burrows, 36, 51, 381 Cristobalite, origin of, 438 Chronostratigraphy, 289 Cross-laminations, 53 foraminifers, 237 Cruciellipsis curvillieri Zone, 76 Circulation changes, North Atlantic, 31 defined, 330 Clay content, compressional velocity, relationship to, Cruciplacolithus tennis Zone, defined, 72, 331 589 Current deposition, 646 Climatic and eustatic oscillations, 389 Cyclic association, 385 indicator, smectite, 441 bedding, rhythmic and, 48 oscillations, cyclic sedimentation as a result of, 48 sedimentation, 387 Clinoptilolite, origin of, 438 as a result of, climatic oscillations, 48 Compressional movements, Cenozoic, 675 Dark shales, 292, 297, 299, 302, 305

778 Debris flow, 48, 51, 53, 55, 384, 548 Edgari Zone, 79 deposits, 35, 388 Eiffelithus turriseiffeli Zone, 76 sedimentary structures, 411 defined, 330 Deep oceanic circulation, 674 Ellipsolithus macellus Zone, defined, 349 Deep-sea fan, 53, 405, Emiliania huxleyi Zone, defined, 359 environment, graded sequences, 405 Environmental conditions, reducing, 667 Degree of cementation, relationship to anisotropy, 585 Environments, changes in, 658 Delta systems, 56, 724 Eocene, foraminifers, 71 Deltaic progradation, 53 nannofossils, 72 Demagnetization, 602 paleotemperatures, 74 Diagenesis, carbonate sedimentation and, 732 reverse faults, 651 Cenozoic sediments, 44 sedimentary hiatus, 242 carbon-oxygen isotopes, effect of, 493 Eocene/Oligocene boundary, nannofossils, 73 Diagenetic modification, bearing on isotope data, 488 transition, 511 trends, oxygen-isotopic composition, 477 Ericsonia subdisticha Zone, defined, 353 Diapiric, anticlines, 636 Erosion, Formation 1, 646 Diaprisim, 665 Erosional surfaces, depth of, 653 salt, 764 Etio series, 573 Dictyomitra somphedia Zone, 688 Eugubina Zone, 296 Differential pelagic settling, 377 Euhoplites lautus Zone, 362 Dilution, 380 loricatus Zone, 362 Discoaster asymmetricus Zone, defined, 73, 74, 359 Eustatic oscillations, 389 binodosus Zone, defined, 349 Evaporites, 93, 735 brouweri Zone, defined, 359 Evaporitic sediments, 636 calcaris Zone, defined, 73, 358 series, 93 druggi Zone, defined, 358 Evolution of Continental margins, mechanisms to ex- exilis Zone, defined, 73, 358 plain, 768 hamatus Zone, defined, 358 facies, 387 kugleri Zone, defined, 73, 358 paleotemperatures, 508 lodoensis zone, defined, 72, 349 Exinitic palynofacies, 454 mohleri Zone, defined, 349 Expansion, oceanic, 658 multiradiatus Zone, defined, 72, 349 Facies association, 385 nodifer Zone, defined, 72, 352 units, 388 pentaradiatus Zone, defined, 359 Faeroe-Shetland shelf, 57 quinqueramus Zone, defined, 73, 359 Fan-shaped sedimentary features, 94 saipanensis Zone, defined, 352 Fasciculithus tympaniformis Zone, 72 sublodoensis Zone, defined, 72, 349 defined, 349 surculus Zone, defined, 73, 359 Faulted blocks, 93 Discontinuity, 421 Faults, 658 Dispersed organic matter (DOM), geochemistry of, 695 reverse, 671 Dissolution, 289, 380, 381 strike-slip, 757 effect on isotopic signal, 507 Ferreolensis Zone (Mci 20), 291 foraminifers, 255, 297 Fibrous clays, origin of, 435 Distal-type, graded units, 384 Flame structures, 42, 46 Doukala Formation, 28 Flaser lamination, 46 Douvilleiceras mammilatum Zone, 362 structure, 41 Downhole measurements, 80 Fluorescence analyses, 69 Drilling results, correlation of reflection profiles with, Foraminiferal lysocline, 45 80 Foraminifers, agglutinated, 290, 294, 691 characteristics, Site 398, 5, 63 Algerianus Zone (Mci 21), 291 deviation, effect on paleomagnetic results, 604 Assemblages, classification of, 287 operations, 32 Bedoulian group, 290 DPEP/etio ratio, 573 Bejaouaennsis Zone (Mci 23), 292 Early Cretaceous, nannofossils, 76 benthic, 729 Cretaceous rifting, 649 assemblages, 293 tension tectonics, 666 residual, 295 Cretaceous-early Miocene unconformity, 533 biostratigraphy, 237, 255 Cretaceous-Miocene unconformity, 535 Cenozoic, 69 evolution, North America, tensional episode, 93 chronostratigraphy, 237 Ecostratigraphic units, 297 Cretaceous, 74, 289 Ecostratigraphy of Lower Cretaceous formations, 296 Cretaceous/Paleocene boundary, 69

779 dissolution, 255, 297, 374 N.8, 259, 262 Edgari Zone, 79 N.9, 262 Eocene, 71 N.9/N.11,259 Ferreolensis Zone (Mci 20), 291 Formation 1, 641 Globigerinatheka subconglobata Zone, 242 erosion, 646 Globigerina angulisuturalis Zone, 71, 242 sedimentary ridge, 646 eugubina Zone, 237 la, correlation of with acoustics, 647 Globigerinatheka zonal marker, 71 lb, correlation of with acoustics, 647 globorotalia angulata Zone, 69 2, 641 aragonensis Zone, 241 3, 640 cerroazulensis Zone, 242 correlation of with acoustics, 647 edgari Zone, 71, 241 4, 639, 647 formosa formosa Zone, 71, 241 Fractures, 649 opima opima Zone, 71 Fusainization, 695 pseudobulloides Zone, 69, 237 Galicia Bank, 26, 633, 665, 757, 770 pseudomenardii Zone, 69, 240 shallow-water deposition, 647 pusilla pusilla Zone, 69, 240 structural evolution of, 654 subbotinae Zone, 71, 241 Gartnerago obliquum Zone, defined, 331 trinidadensis Zone, 69, 237 Gault formations, 293 unicata Zone, 69 Gelinite, 527 velascoensis Zone, 240 Geochemical measurements, 16 Late Cretaceous, 75 Geochemistry carbon 553, Cretaceous shales, 513 Mamillatum Zone, 75 and mineralogy, Zone Mesozoic, 74 1, 434 Mci 13/Mci 14 boundary, 290 2, 434 15/Mci 16 boundary, 290 3,434 24 Mci 25 boundary, 75, 293 4, 434 25/Mci 26 boundary, 293 5,434 26/Mci 27 boundary, 293 7, 432 M PI 6 Zone, 72 8,432 Miocene, 71 9, 432 Oligocene, 71 dispersed organic matter (DOM), 695 Orbulinoides beckmanni Zone, 242 of carbon, Hole 398D, 554 Paleocene, 69 Holes 397 and 397A, 553 Pleistocene, 72 lithologic Unit 1, 554 Pliocene, 72 2, 555 residual assemblages, 290, 294 3, 555 reworked, 289, 292 4, 561 taxonomical notes, 263 sediments, Site 398, 63 Trochoidea Zone, (Mci 22) 75, 292 Geophysical data, underway, 613 Truncatulinoides rohri Zone, 242 Geothermal gradient, 527 Zone Mci 22, 292 Gephyrocapsa oceanica Zone, defined, 359 23, 292 Globierinatheka subconglobata Zone, 242 M PI 1-Sphaeroidinellopsis Acme Zone, 258 Globigerina ampliapertura Zone, 242 MP12, 258, 261, 262 angulisuturalis Zone, 71, 242 M PI 3, 261, 262 eugubina Zone, 69, 237 MP14, 261, 263 Globigerinatheka zonal marker, 71 M PI 5, 261, 263 Globorotalia angulata Zone, 69 M PI 6, 261, 262, 263 aragonensis Zone, 241 N.10, 262 cerroazulensis Zone, 242 N.10/N.11, 259 edgari Zone, 71, 241 N.11/N.12, 259 formosa formosa Zone, 71 N.12, 260, 262 opima opima Zone, 71 N.13, 259, 260, 262 pseudobulloides Zone, 237 N.15, 260 pseudomenardii Zone, 69, 240 N.16, 260, 262 pusilla pusilla Zone, 69, 240 N.17, 26ρ, 262 subbotinae Zone, 71, 241 N.22, 72, 262, 263 trinidadensis Zone, 69, 237 N.4, 262 unicata Zone, 69 N.6, 71, 259, 262 velascoensis Zone, 240 N.7, 259 Gorringe Bank, 659

780 Graben-type Subsidence, 768 Iberian continental margin, 547 Grabens, 93, 649, 665, 666 margin, tectonics and, sedimentation, 665 evidence for formation of, 666 Abyssal Plain, 633, 671 filling of, 667 Ice formation on Antarctica, 441 Triassic, 658 Illite/montmorillonite ratio, 687 Grading, normal, 47 Inclined bedding and progradation, Unit I, 646 reverse, 47 Inertinite, source of, 550 sequences, 666 Inoceramus, 297, 404 Grain-size analyses, 16 Inorganic components, lithologic Unit I, 298 GRAPE, gravimetric density and porosity, Site 398, Ha, 300 comparison between, 59 Sub-unit lie, 303 data, methods, 16 lid, 304 scane technique, 588 Ilia, 306 Gravimetric chunk technique, 588 Illb, 308 data, methods, 16 IVa, 309 density and porosity, Site 398, comparison be- IVb, 310 tween, 59 Insoluble organic matter, 543 syringe technique, 588 Interstitial water, chemistry, Site 398, 63 Greigite, 562 manganese in, 578 Gypsum, 51, 667 potassium in, 578 crystals, 56, 432 strontium in, 578 Half graben, 754 studies, 577 Hauterivian to Cenomanian section, Site 398D, major Interval 1, organic geochemistry, 514 sediment intervals, 404 2, organic geochemistry, 514 Heat flow, 80 3, organic geochemistry, 514 Helicopontosphaera ampliaperta Zone, defined, 358 4, organic geochemistry, 514 reticulata Zone, defined, 353 Iron concentration, Hole 398C sediments, 501 Heliolithus kleinpelli Zone, defined, 349 Ismolithus recurvus Zone, 72 Helminthoides, 381 Isotope data, diagenetic modification bearing on, 488 Hematite, magnetization, 604 Isotopes from bulk carbonate samples, oxygen 18 and Hercynian Range, 633 carbon 14, 493 Heulandite, 685 Isotopic analyses, methods, 477 Hole 397 sediments, bitumen content, 543 results of, 479 397A, organic carbon, 543 signal, dissolution effect on, 507 398C, sediments, iron concentration, 501 recrystallization, effect on, 507 manganese concentrations, 497 unit, Carbon 13 data, 509 oxygen isotopes, 497 I Paleocene-Eocene, 508 strontium concentrations, 497 II, Oligocene-Miocene sediments, 509 398D, foraminifers biostratigraphy, 237 III, Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments, 511 geochemistry of, carbon, 554 units, 508 hydrocarbons, 561 Isthmolithus recurvus Zone, defined, 353 paleoenvironment, reconstruction of, 405 /-anomaly, 94 sediment accumulation rate, 244 Jurassic facies, 647 Holes 397 and 397A, geochemistry of, carbon, 553 Jurassic-Early Cretaceous tensional episode, 766 Hoplites dentatus Zone, 362 Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary, 665 Horst, structures, 91, 665, 754 Kaolinite, 435 Humic coal facies, 529 Kelvin Seamount, 658 components, 517 Kerogen, 543 organic matter, 534 fraction, 517 recycled, 535 maturity, 533, 536 Humocollinnite, 529 Site 398 sediments, 535 Hydrobiont lipids, 719 Site 397, 535 Hydrocarbon analyses, 69 to petroleum thermal conversion, 547 generation, 527 type, Site 398, 535 source rock potential, 527 types, 514 Hydrocarbons, 695 Ketones, 567 Hole 398D, 561 Key reflectors, identification of, 82 Hydrogen index, 514 King's Trough, 96, 768 Iberia-Newfoundland seaway, 57 Labrador Biscay Faults, 93

781 Laminae, truncated, 46 Maestrichtian time, North Atlantic widening of, 439 Laminations, sedimentary structures, 404 Magnetic data, North Atlantic, 764 Leg 47 sediments, petroleum-generating potential, 547 inclinations, 607 Lepisphere structure, 438 stratigraphy, Site 398, 606 Limestone, shallow-water, 52 Magnetization, hematite, 604 Lipid geochemistry of Cretaceous sediments, 567 Main acoustic units, identification of, 85 Liptinite, 550 Major sediment intervals, Hauterivian to Cenomanian Lithologic units, 35 section, Site 398D, 404 geochemistry of, carbon, 554 Mamillatum Zone, 75 inorganic components, 298 Manganese, 686 2, geochemistry of, carbon, 555 concentration, Hole 398C, 497 3, geochemistry of, carbon, 55 interstitial water, 578 4, geochemistry of, carbon, 561 Margin, subsidence of the, 667 5, 665 Markalius inversus Zone, defined, 72, 331 Subunit la, 35 Marthasterites furcatus Zone, 74 Ha, assemblage-lithofades relationships, 300 defined, 331 organogenic components, 299 contortus Zone, 72 lib, organogenic components, 301 defined, 349 lie, assemblage-lithofacies relationships, 303 tribrachiatus Zone, defined, 349 inorganic components, 303 Mass-gravity sediments, 384 organogenic components, 302 Maturity, organic matter, 527, 548 lid, organogenic components, 304 Mci 13/Mci 14 boundary, 290 Ilia, inorganic components, 306 15/Mci 16 boundary, 290 organogenic components, 305 24/Mci 25 boundary, 75 Illb, assemblage-lithofacies relationship, 308 Meguma Formation, 28 IVa, assemblage-lithofacies relationships, 309 Mesogean realm, 93 inorganic components, 309 Mesozoic organogenic components, 309 climatic events, 31 IVb, assemblage-lithofacies relationships, 310 deposits, 50 inorganic components, 310 foraminifers, 74 organic components, 310 nannofossils, 76 Unit I, lithofacies relationships, 298 objectives, Site 398, 29 II, sediment accumulation rate, 299 palynology, 78 V, assemblage-lithofacies relationships, 311 palynostratigraphy, 77 inorganic components, 311 sedimentation rates, 54, 55 organogenic components, 311 structural and sedimentary evolution during the, 649 Unit 1, 666,683 tectonic and sedimentary evolution, 54 2, 666,683 Metamorphic rocks, 646 3, 666, 685 Methodology, optical study of organic matter, 529 4, 665 Micrinitic, palynofacies, 454 Lithosphere, thermal contraction of, 768 Microcross-lamination, 46 Lithostratigraphy, 34 Microfaults, 41, 381 Lithoterms, 287 low-angle repetitive, 46 Lithraphidites alatus Zone, defined, 330 Micula mura Zone, defined, 77, 331 quadratus Zone, defined, 77, 331 staurophora Zone, defined, 331 Low-angle repetitive microfaults, 46 Mineral carbon, Cretaceous shales, 513 Low-oxygen conditions, bottom waters, 728 composition, Sub-unit 1C, 41 Lower Cretaceous, Ammonoidea, 361 Mineralogy biostratigraphy, 688 Zone, 434 sediments, biogenic minerals, 686 1,434 terrigenous minerals, 685 2,434 Lysocline, 244 3,434 M-0 anomalies, 95 4,434 Mackinawite, 562 5, 434 Macrofauna, 300 7,432 Macrofossils, 666 8,432 Ammonites, 75, 290, 297 9,432 Aptychus, 297, 404 Miocene foraminifers, 71 Belemnites, 55, 247 Mud flow, 35, 48, 384 Inoceramus, 297, 404 turbidites, 385 Rhyncholites, 297 units, 51

782 Mycellia, 36, 381 Gephyrocapsa oceanica Zone, 73 Nannofossils, Calcareous defined, 73, 359 biostratigraphy, 327 Globigerina ampliapertura Zone, 242 Broinsonia parca Zone, defined, 331 Helicopontosphaera ampliaperta Zone, defined, 358 Chiatozygus litterarius Zone, 76 reticulata Zone, defined, 353 Calcicalithina oblongata Zone, 76 Heliolithus kleinpelli Zone, defined, 349 defined, 330 Ismolithus recurvus Zone, 72 Campanian/Maestrichtian boundary, 77 defined, 353 Catinaster coalithus Zone, defined, 358 Lithastrinus floralis Zone, defined, 330 Cenozoic, 72 Lithraphidites quadratus Zone, 77 Ceratolithus tricorniculatus Zone, defined, 359 defined, 331 Chiasmolithus danicus Zone, 72 alatus Zone, defined, 330 defined, 331 Markalius inversus Zone, 72 oamaruensis Zone, defined, 353 defined, 331 Chiastozygus litterarius Zone, 74 Marthasterites contortus Zone, 72 Chiphragmalithus alatus Zone, 72 defined, 349 defined, 352 tribrachiatus Zone, defined, 349 Cretaceous, 329 turcatus Zone, 74 Late, 77 defined, 331 Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, 77 Mesozoic, 76 Cretahabdulus crenulatus Zone, 74 Micula mura Zone, 77 Cruciellipsis curvillieri Zone, 76 defined, 331 defined, 330 staurophora Zone, defined, 331 Cruciplacolithus tenuis Zone, 72 Natural remanent magnetization (NRM), 599 defined, 331 Nazare Fault, 635 Discoaster asymmetricus Zone, 73, 359 Neogene tectonic movement, 651, 671 binodosus Zone, 74 Neritic limestones, 646 defined, 349 Newfoundland fracture zone, 29, 766 brouweri Zone, defined, 359 Newfoundland-Azores-Gibralter fracture zone, 80 calcaris Zone, defined, 73, 358 Nickel porphyrins, 572 druggi Zone, defined, 358 Normal grading, 47 exilis Zone, 73, 358 North America, tensional episode, early evolution, 93 hamatus Zone, defined, 358 Atlantic, age of opening of, 28, 95 kugleri Zone, 73, 358 circulation changes, 31 lodoensis Zone, 72 magnetic data, 764 defined, 349 sea-floor spreading, beginning of, 766 mohleri Zone, defined, 349 widening of, Maestrichtian time, 439 multiradiatus Zone, 72 NRM intensities, Site 398, 600 defined, 349 Oceanic, expansion, 658 nodifer Zone, 71 spreading, 649 defined, 352 Odd molecular weight series, 573 pentaradiatus Zone, defined, 359 Oil-generation zone, top, 533 quinqueramus Zone, 73 zone, 517 defined, 359 Oligocene, 73 saipanensis Zone, defined, 352 Oligocene, foraminifers, 71 sublodoensis Zone, 72 nannos, 73 defined, 349 Oligocene/Miocene boundary, 73 surculus Zone, 73 Oligocene/Miocene sediments, isotopic unit II, 509 defined, 359 Opening of North Atlantic, 95, 667 dissolution of, 375 subsidence and, 674 Early Cretaceous, 76 Operations, Site 398, 31 Eiffelithus turriseiffeli Zone, 76 Oporto Seamount, 757 defined, 330 Optical study, Organic matter, 529 Ellipsolithus macellus Zone, defined, 349 Orbulinoides beckmanni Zone, 242 Emiliania huxleyi Zone, defined, 359 Organic and black shales, 523, 719 Eocene, 72 carbonate content, 535 Eocene/Oligocene boundary, 73 carbon, 66, 695 Ericsonia subdisticha Zone, defined, 353 Cretaceous shales, 514 Fasciculithus tympaniformis Zone, defined, 349 Hole 397A, 543 Gartnerago obliquum Zone, defined, 331 content, sediments, Site 397, 534

783 Sub-unit 3A, 44 exinitic, 454 necessary for generation of Petroleum, 547 micrinitic, 454 content, Cretaceous sediments, nature and origin xenomorphic, 454 of, 529 Palynology, Cenozoic, 74 extract, Site 397, 534 Mesozoic, 77, 78 Site 398, 535 Palynomorphs, 451 geochemistry, Interval 1, 514 palynostratigraphic unit I, 454 2, 514 II, 456 3, 514 III, 456 4, 514 Parhabdolithus angustus Zone, 76 matter, determination of Thermal maturity of, 547 defined, 330 types of, 550 Parhabdolithus angustus Zone, defined, 330 biogenic activity, indexes of, 419 Pleistocene, 73 insoluble, 543 Pliocene, 73 maturity, 527, 548 Prediscosphaera cretacea Zone, defined, 330 optical study, 529 Preservation and, paleoenvironment, 73, 77, 327 origin and thermal maturity, 66 Pseudoemiliania lacunosa Zone, 73 redeposited, 524 defined, 359 Organic components, lithologic Sub-unit Ha, 299 Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica Zone, defined, 359 lib, 301 Sphenolithus belemnos Zone, 73 lie, 302 defined, 358 lid, 304 ciperoensis Zone, defined, 358 Ilia, 305 distentus Zone, defined, 358 Illb, 308 heteromorphus Zone, defined, 358 IVa, 309 predistentus Zone, defined, 358 IVb, 310 pseudoradians Zone, 72 Unit V, 311 defined, 353 Origin and thermal maturity, organic matter, 66 Tetralithus aculeus Zone, 77 of calcite, 435 defined, 331 fibrous clays, 435 obscurus Zone, defined, 331 organic content, Cretaceous sediments, 529 trifidus Zone, 77 smectite, 435 Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus Zone, 73 Vigo Seamount, 651 defined, 358 Orphan Knoll, 658 Paris Basin, 58 Ostracodes, 297 Passive continental margin, 373 Oxygen index, 514 margins, tectonics of, 374 isotope data, interpretation of, 488 Continental rise province of, 374 isotopes, Hole 398C, sediments, 497 Petroleum, minimum amount of, organic carbon neces- isotopic composition, diagenetic trends, 477 sary for generation of, 547 18 and carbon 14, isotopes from bulk carbonate source rocks, Site 398, 547 samples, 493 thermal conversion, kerogen to, 547 Oxygen-minimum model, 735 potential, Source rock, 545 zone, 548 Petroleum-generating potential, Leg 47 sediments, 547 Oxygen-18 values, post-Eocene, 494 Cretaceous Black shale, 533 Paleocene, 72 Physical properties, 16 Paleocene, foraminifers, 69 measurements, 585 nannofossils, 72 shear strength, 589 Paleocene-Eocene, isotopic unit I, 508 Site 398 sediments, 58 Paleoenvironmental models, 735 static GRAPE technique, 589 Paleoenvironment, reconstruction of, Hole 398D, 405 Physiographic changes, effects on sedimentation, 441 Paleoenvironment and preservation, nannofossils, 73, 77 Pleistocene, climatic cycles, 35 Paleogene turbidite sequence, depth of deposition, 244 foraminifers, 72 Paleomagnetic results, drilling deviation, effect on, 604 nannofossils, 73 results, 599 Pliocene, foraminifers, 72 Paleomagnetism, 80 nannofossils, 73 Paleotemperature trends, Cretaceous/Tertiary bound- Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments, isotopic unit III, 511 ary, 477 Pore-water sampler, in situ, 19 Paleotemperatures, Cenozoic, 507 Porosity, Site 398, comparison between, GRAPE, grav- Eocene, 74 imetric density and, 59 evolution of, 508 sediments, water content and, 62 Palynofacies, Cretaceous, 453 Porto Seamount, 93, 633, 651

784 Portuguese shelf, 93 Sediment accumulation rate, 35, 41, 78, 385, 607, 724 Post-Eocene, carbon-13 values, 494 Hole 398D, 244 oxygen-18 values, 494 lithologic Unit II, 299 Potassium in interstitial water, 578 Mesozoic, 54 Potential generation product, Site 397, 535 Site 397, 578 Prediscosphaera cretacea Zone, 76 classification, 13 defined, 330 texture, 375 Preservation, nannofossils, paleoenvironment and, 73, Sedimentary environments, Cretaceous, 719 77, 327 evolution, Cenozoic, 48 Pressure, compressional wave velocities as a function Mesozoic, 649 of, 587 hiatus, Eocene, 242 Primary catagenesis, 719 ridge, Formation 1, 646 Progradation, Unit I, inclined bedding and, 646 structures, 46 Pseudoemiliania lacunosa Zone, defined, 73, 359 laminations, 404 Pyrenean Flysch series, 405 slumps, 292, 297, 419 Orogen, 658 units, Site 398, 287 Mountains, uplift of, 439 Sedimentation, Iberian margin, 665 Pyritic spherules, 419 physiographic changes, effects on, 441 Pyrolysis analysis, 517 Sediments, biogenic minerals, Lower Cretaceous, 686 measurements, 547 oxygen isotopes, Hole 398C, 497 Radiolarians Site 397, organic carbon content, 534 Acaeniotyle umbilicata Zone, 688 strontium concentrations, Hole 398C, 497 Distyomitra somphedia Zone, 688 terrigenous minerals, Lower Cretaceous, 685 Sethocapsa trachyostraca Zone, 688, 689 Seismic reflectors, 80 Reconstruction of Hole 398D, paleoenvironment, 405 sections, reprocessing, 625 Recrystallization, effect on isotopic signal, 507 Semi-grabens, 649 Recycled humic organic matter, 535 Separation of Europe from America, second rifting Red clays, deposition of, 733 phase, 673 Redeposited organic matter, 524 Sethocapsa trachyostraca Zone, 688, 689 Reducing environmental conditions, 667 Shallow-water deposition, 665 Reflectance values, 524 Galicia Bank, 647 Reflectors, calcium carbonate content, relationship Shallow-water limestone, 52 to, 590 Shear strength, physical properties, 589 Reprocessing seismic sections, 625 measurements, methods, 18 Residual assemblages, foraminifers, 294 Shipboard scientific procedures, 10 agglutinated, 292 Siderite, 733 benthic, 290, 293, 295 crystals, 686 Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica Zone, defined, 359 Siliceous reproductivity, Atlantic, 49 Reverse, faults, 671 Site survey data, 5 Eocene compression, 651 Site 397, kerogen type, 534 grading, 47 kerogen maturity in sediments, 535 Reworked foraminifers, 289, 292 organic carbon content, sediments, 534 Rhyncholites, 297 extract, 534 Rhythmic and cyclic bedding, 48 potential generation product, 535 association, 385 sedimentation rates, 578 bedding, 35, 41, 44 Site 398 sedimentation, 41, 666, 728, 736 acoustic anisotorpy, 59 Rif system, 658 impedance, 63 Rifting, Early Cretaceous, 649 stratigraphy, 761 Ripple lamination, 46 background and objectives, 26 Salinity stratification, 735 Cenozoic objectives, 31 Salt diapirism, 93, 764 Paleotemperatures, 507 Sapropelic Cretaceous sediments, 529 correlation between regional basins and, 647 Scaglia Rossa pelagic limestone, 604, 608 Cretaceous sedimentary environments, 719 Scientific objectives for Site 398, 29 drilling characteristics, 5 Sea-floor spreading, 94, 658 rate, 63 beginning of in North Atlantic, 766 Geochemistry of sediments, 63 Sea-surface productivity, 724 Interstitial water chemistry, 63 Second rifting phase, separation of Europe from Amer- kerogen maturity, 535 ica, 673 kerogen type, 535 Sedimentation rates, Mesozoic, 55 magnetic stratigraphy, 606

785 Mesozoic objectives, 29 1A, lithologic units, 35 NRM intensities, 600 1C, lithology, 37 operations, 31 mineral composition, 41 organic extracts, 535 sedimentation rate, 41 petroleum, source rocks, 533 Sulfate reduction, 578, 728 physical properties, 58 bacterial, 733 principal results, 25 Surface temperatures, 511 scientific objectives for, 29 temperature variations, 488 sedimentary units, 287 to bottom temperature gradient, 511 sonic velocity of sediments, 58 Swiss Pre-Alpine flysch, 405 stratigraphy, 761 Syndepositional faults, 42 vertical evolution, 770 Synthetic seismogram, 623 movements, 770 Systematic descriptions, Ammonites, 362 Vigo Seamount, 25 foraminifers, 263 water content and porosity, 62 Tectonic and sedimentary evolution, Mesozoic, 54 Slides, 384 movement, late Eocene, Neogene, 651 Slumps, 42, 48, 53, 292, 297, 384, 405, 419 movement, Neogene, 671 deposits, 35, 384, 548 setting, West Iberian, Continental margin, 753 mass, 55 significance, turbidite facies, 388 units, 53 Tectonics and sedimentation, Iberian margin, 665 Slumped intervals, 75 Tectonism, 669 Smear-slide analysis, 13 Telenite, 529 Smectite, climatic indicator, 441 Temperature gradient, surface to bottom, 511 origin of, 435 water masses, 258 Sonic velocity data, methods, 16 Tension tectonics, Early Cretaceous, 666 of Site 398 sediments, 58 Tensional episode, Early evolution, North America, 93 relationship to burial depth and carbonate con- Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, 93 tent, 646 Terpenes, 561 Source of, inertinite, 550 Terrigenous minerals, Lower Cretaceous, sediments, 685 vitrinite, 550 organic matter, 724 rock, petroleum potential, 533, 545 Tertiary/Cretaceous boundary, 296 Sphenolithus belemnos Zone, defined, 73, 358 Tethyan Ocean, closure of, 49 ciperoensis Zone, defined, 358 Tetralithus aculeus Zone, defined, 77, 331 distenus Zone, defined, 358 obscurus Zone, defined, 331 heteromorphus Zone, defined, 358 trifidus Zone, defined, 77, 331 predistentus Zone, 73 Tetrapyrrole pigments, 571 defined, 358 Thermal alteration index, 543 pseudoradians Zone, defined, 72, 353 contraction of lithosphere, 768 Stable inclinations, 606 conversion, kerogen to petroleum, 547 Static GRAPE technique, physical properties, 589 maturation, 529 Stratigraphic hiatus, 31, 76, 78, 294, 419 maturity, organic matter, 66 Strike-slip, faulting, 757 of organic matter, determination of, 547 Strontium concentrations, Hole 398C, sediments, 497 stress, 573 in interstitial water, 578 Alteration Index (TAI), 529 Structural and sedimentary evolution during the, Meso- Tore-Madeira rise, 639, 766 zoic, 649 Transgression, Cenomanian, 636, 674 evolution, Cenozoic, 651 Transported sediments, 288 Galicia Bank, 654 Triassic-Liassic episode of rifting, 93 trends, Continental margin of Iberia, 753 salt domes, 667 Submarine fan, 405 Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus Zone, defined, 73, 358 Subsidence, Graben-type, 768 Trochoidea Zone, (Mci 22), 75, 292 and opening of the Atlantic, 674 Truncatulinoides rohri Zone, 242 curve, 49, 244 Turbidite sequence, 405 Continental blocks, 93 Turbidite-bottom current sedimentation, 46 Sub-unit lie, 291 Turbidite, 53, 383, 548, 666 lid, assemblage-lithofades relationships, 304 facies, tectonic significance, 388 inorganic components, 304 Turbidity currents, 48, 375, 383, 404 IIA, inorganic components, 300 Unconformity, 646 Ilia, assemblage-lithofacies relationship, 306 Angular, 56, 93 Illb, inorganic components, 308 Early Cretaceous-early Miocene, 533 organogenic components, 308 Cretaceous-Miocene, 535

786 Underway geophysical data, 613 Vigo Seamount, 25, 665, 757, 770 Unit 1, inclined bedding and progradation, 646 origin of, 651 2, lithology, 41 Vitrinite, Source of, 550 3, lithology, 51 reflectance, 525, 535, 547, 548 4, lithology, 51 Water content and porosity, Site 398 sediments, 62 5, lithology, 53 masses, temperature of, 258 Uplift of Pyrenean Mountains, 439 Wealden deltas, 55 Vanadyl porphyrins, 573 West Iberian Continental margin, tectonic setting, 753 Vasco da Gama Seamounts, 633, 757, 770 Wet-gas generation zone, top, 534 Vegetal debris, 419 Windsor Formation, 28 Velocity groups, 87 Winnowed sediments, 381 measurements, core temperature, effect on, 585 Wood fragments, 55, 56 repeatability of, 586 Wykeman-Farrance van shear device, 589 Vertical evolution, Site 398, 770 X-ray mineralogy, methods of, 430 movements, Site 398, 770 Xenomorphic palynofacies, 454 Vertisols, 437 Zeolite analysis, 58

787