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If you have issues viewing or accessing this file, please contact us at NCJRS.gov. ~rJ ~ U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics Topical +Search 1-800-732-3277 • :, ' , :•~' i +~ i ¸I ,J.... A Service of the Bureau of Justice Statistics Clearinghouse/NCJRS +, 4. UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS for the United States 1993 HOMICIDE PATTERNS - PAST AND PRESENT LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL PRINTED ANNUALLY Federal Bureau of Investigation U.S. Department of Justice Washington, D.C. 20535 AI:)'vIS C)RY.- Committee on Uniform Crime Records International Association of Chiefs of Police; Committee on Uniform Crime Reporting National Sheriffs' Association; Criminal Justice Information Services Data Providers Advisory Policy Board For sale by the U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328 ISBN 0-16-045321-6 _CH~kRT 2.1~:~ l~ ME199 CLOC !( .... one • MURDER every 21 minutes one FORCIBLE RAPE ' every 5 minutes one ROBBERY every 48 seconds one VIOLENT CRIME one every 16 seconds AGGRAVATED ASSAULT. every 28 seconds one CRIME INDEX OFFENSE every 2 seconds one .j- one- BURGLARY PROPERTY CRIME every 11 seconds every 3 seconds One LARCENY-THEFT every 4 seconds one MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT The Crime~C;Iock should be viewed with every 20 seconds care., Bein.g the most aggregate representatibn of UCR data, it is designed to convey the annual reported crime exper!enc.¢ by showing the relative frequency, of occurrence of the Index Offenses. This mode of display should not be taken to imply a regularity in. the commission of the Part I OffenseS; rather, it repreSents the annual ratio of crime to fixed -time-intervals. - ~. 4 During the conference, three overall endorsements were pation, meeting all NIBRS data submission requirements. passed without dissent. First, that there be established a The pace of NIBRS implementation will be commensu- new. incident-based national crime reporting system; sec- rate with the resources, abilities, and limitations of the ond, that the FBI manage this Program; and third, that an contributing law enforcement agencies. The FBI was able to Advisory Policy Board composed of law enforcement execu- accept N IBRS data as of January, 1989, and-nine-state-level tives be formed to assist in the direction and implementa- UCR Programs (Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, North tion of the new Program. Dakota, South Carolina, Utah, Vermont, and Virginia) are Information about the redesigned UCR Program, called now supplying data in the NIBRS format. An additional 18 the National Incident-Based Reporting System or NIBRS, state agencies, as well as three local law enforcement agen- is contained in four documents produced subsequent to the cies in non-Program states and one federal agency (the Orange Beach Conference. Volume 1, Data Collection FBI), have submitted test tapes or disks containing the Guidelines, Contains a system overview and descriptions of expanded data. Seventeen other state UCR Programs and the offenses, offense codes, reports, data elements, and data agencies in the District of Columbia and Guam are in values used in the system. Volume 2, Data Submission Speci- various stages of planning and development. Test tapes for fications, is for the use of state and •local systems personnel six of these states, the District of Columbia, and Guam are who are responsible for-preparing magnetic tapes/floppy expected during 1994. disks/etc., for submission to the FBI. Volume3, Approaches to Implementing an Incident-Based Reporting (IBR) System, is Recent Developments for use by computer programmers, analysts, etc., respon- sible for developing a state or local IBR system which will STATE UCR PROGRAMS - UCR welcomed two states meet NIBRS' reporting requirements, Volume 4, Error Mes- to the ranks of state-level programs, Louisiana and Nevada. sage Manual, contains designations of mandatory and In 1993, the Louisiana Commission on Law Enforcement optional data elements, data element edits and error mes- and the Nevada Highway Patrol each commenced collection sages. of UCR data from local law enforcement within their A NIBRS edition of the UCR Handbook~has been pro- respective states. With their addition, there are now state duced to assist law enf0rcementagency data contributors Programs in 44 states and the. District-of. Columbia: implementing NIBRS within their departments.This docu- HATE CRIME STATISTICS - The Hate Crime Statis- ment is geared toward familiarizing local and state law tics~Act, passed by the U.S. Congress andsigned by the enforcement personnel with the definitions, policies, and President in April, 1990, mandates .a data collection of procedures of NIBRS. It does not contain the technical crimes motivated by religious, ethnic, racial, Or sexual- coding and data transmission requirements presented in orientation prejudice. Collection commenced January 1, Volumes 1 through 4. 1991, and the UCR Program has distributed hate crime NIBRS will collect data on each single incident' and Data Collection• Guidelines and Training 'Guides to city; arrest within 22 crime categories. For each :offense known county, and state law.enforcement agencies.~Training ses- to police within these categories, incident, victim, property, sions have been held across the Nation-to educate federal; offender, and arrestee information will be gathered when state, and local law enforcement- agencies in the. hate crime available. The goal of the redesign is to modernize crime reporting procedures. The:first armual hate crime pUbli- information by collecting data presently maintained in law - c~iiioii,~fii~h 66ntainea°i992 s:tatistics; has been produce d, enforcement records; the enhanced UCR Program is, there- and a 1993. issue is planned for late 1994. Participation fore, a byproduct of current records, systems. The integrity continues_-to.grow; :i993. submissions were received from of UCR's-long-running statistical series will, of course, be 6,8401aw enforcement agencies covering 56percent-of the maintained. U.S. population. It became apparent during the ~development of the VIOLENCE AGAINST POLICE OFFICERS - A "Vio- prototype system that the level-one and level two reporting lence Against Law Enforcement Officers" study funded by proposed in the "Blueprint" may not be the most practical a grant from the National Institute of Justice is now under- approach. Many state and local law enforcement admin- way. It will examine 40 selected incidents of Serious assault istrators indicated that the collection of data on all perti- by cutting instrument or firearm where the victim officer nent offenses could be handled with more ease than could survived the incident. Extensive interviews of victim officers the extraction of selected ones. While "Limited" partici- and convicted assailants are' now being conducted, and a pation, equivalent to the "Blueprint's" level one, will remain special report is planned for 1995. The report will attempt an option, it appears that most reporting jurisdictions, upon to answer questions raised in the earlier report, Killed in the implementation, will go immediately to "Full" partici- Line of Duty. MURDER AND NONNEGLIGENT MANSLAUGHTER DEFINITION Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, as defined in the Uniform Crime Reporting Pro- gram, is the willful (nonnegligent) killing of one human being by another. The classification of this offense, as for all other Crime Index offenses, is based solely on police investigation as opposed to the determination of a court, medical examiner, coroner, jury, or other judicial body. NOt included in the count for this offense classification are deaths caused by negligence, suicide, or.accident; justifiable homicides; and attempts to murder or assaults to murder, which are scored as aggravated assaults. TREND Rate per 100,000 Year Number of offenses inhabitants 1992 ................... 23,760 9.3 1993 ................... 24,526 9.5 Percent change. ....... + 3.2 +2.2 13 The total number of murders in the United States during Rate 1993 was estimated at 24,526. Monthly figures show that Up 2 percent over the 1992 rate, the national murder rate more persons were murdered in the month of December in in 1993 was 10 per 100,000 inhabitants. Five- and 10-year 1993, while the fewest were killed in February. (See Table 2.3.) trends showed the 1993 rate was 9 percent higher than in 1989 and 20 percent above the 1984 rate. On a-regional basis, the South averaged 11 murders per Table 2.3-Murder by Month, 1989-1993 ]Percent distribution] 100,000 people; the West, 10 per 100,000; and the Midwest Months 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 and Northeast, 8 per 100,000. Compared to 1992, murder January ................. 8.1 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.1 rates in 1993 increased in three of the four geographic regions. February ................ 7.1 7.0 7.0 7.5 6.7 The Midwest experienced no change. (See Table 4.) March ................... 7.8 8.0 7.7 8.2 7.9 April ..................... 7.9 7.4 Z8 _ 8.0 7.6 The Nation's metropolitan areas reported a 1993 murder May ..................... 7.8 8.1 8.1 8.5 7.8 rate of 11 victims per 100,000 inhabitants. In the rural lune ..................... 8.2 8.4 8.6 7.9 8.6 luly ............... : ...... 9.1 9.6 9.1 9.1 9.3 counties and in cities outside metropolitan areas, the rate August ................... 9.0 9:3 9.4 9.1 9.2 was 5 per 100,000. ~eptember ................ 8.8 9.2 8.8 8.7 8.3 Dctober .................. 8.9 8.8 8.6 8.0 8,4 November ................ 8.5 7.6 7.8 8.1 8.2 Nature December ................ 8.7 8.8 9.0 8.8 9.8 Supplemental data provided by contributing agencies When viewing the regions of the Nation, the Southern recorded information for 23,271 of the estimated 24,526 States, the most populous region, accounted for 41 percent murders in 1993.