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Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: the Hope, the Hype, the Promise, the Peril
Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: The Hope, the Hype, the Promise, the Peril Michael Matheny, Sonoo Thadaney Israni, Mahnoor Ahmed, and Danielle Whicher, Editors WASHINGTON, DC NAM.EDU PREPUBLICATION COPY - Uncorrected Proofs NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICINE • 500 Fifth Street, NW • WASHINGTON, DC 20001 NOTICE: This publication has undergone peer review according to procedures established by the National Academy of Medicine (NAM). Publication by the NAM worthy of public attention, but does not constitute endorsement of conclusions and recommendationssignifies that it is the by productthe NAM. of The a carefully views presented considered in processthis publication and is a contributionare those of individual contributors and do not represent formal consensus positions of the authors’ organizations; the NAM; or the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data to Come Copyright 2019 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Suggested citation: Matheny, M., S. Thadaney Israni, M. Ahmed, and D. Whicher, Editors. 2019. Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: The Hope, the Hype, the Promise, the Peril. NAM Special Publication. Washington, DC: National Academy of Medicine. PREPUBLICATION COPY - Uncorrected Proofs “Knowing is not enough; we must apply. Willing is not enough; we must do.” --GOETHE PREPUBLICATION COPY - Uncorrected Proofs ABOUT THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICINE The National Academy of Medicine is one of three Academies constituting the Nation- al Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (the National Academies). The Na- tional Academies provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. -
Comparison of Altmetric Scores of Open Access Articles and of Articles
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Institut für Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft Berliner Handreichungen zur Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft Heft 444 Altmetrics and Open Access Comparison of Altmetric Scores of open and closed access articles published by German research institutions in the field of natural sciences von Lea Satzinger Altmetrics and Open Access Comparison of Altmetric Scores of open and closed access articles published by German research institutions in the field of natural sciences von Lea Satzinger Berliner Handreichungen zur Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft Begründet von Peter Zahn Herausgegeben von Vivien Petras Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Heft 444 Satzinger, Lea Altmetrics and Open Access : Comparison of Altmetric Scores of open and closed access articles published by German research institutions in the field of natural sci- ences / von Lea Satzinger. - Berlin : Institut für Bibliotheks- und Informationswis- senschaft der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. – 81 S. : 15 Abb. - (Berliner Handreichungen zur Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft ; 444) ISSN 14 38-76 62 Abstract Altmetrics, in contrast to traditional metrics, measure the societal impact research outputs have on the public in general, using social media platforms as their primary data sources. In this study, differences in Altmetric Scores between open and closed access articles of German research institutions in the field of natural sciences have been analyzed. For this investigation data from the years 2013 to 2017 was gathered from Web of Science, Altmetric.com and Unpaywall. Results indicated that arti- cles published in open access gain higher Altmetric Attention Scores compared to articles behind subscription paywalls, although the difference was statistically not significant. Research outputs published in gold open access had the highest scores, followed by articles in green and then hybrid open access. -
THE OA EFFECT: HOW DOES OPEN ACCESS AFFECT the USAGE of SCHOLARLY BOOKS? White Paper
springernature.com Illustration inspired by the work of Jean-Claude Bradley Open Research THE OA EFFECT: HOW DOES OPEN ACCESS AFFECT THE USAGE OF SCHOLARLY BOOKS? White paper Open Research: Journals, books, data and tools from: 2 The OA effect: How does open access affect the usage of scholarly books? springernature.com Contents Authors Foreword . 3 Christina Emery, Mithu Lucraft, Executive summary . 4 Agata Morka, Ros Pyne Introduction . 5 November 2017 Part 1: Quantitative findings . 6 Summary . 6 Downloads . 7 Citations and mentions . 11 Part 2: Qualitative findings . 13 Summary . 13 Reasons for publishing open access . 14 Experience of publishing open access . 15 The future of open access . 16 Discussion . 18 Conclusion and recommendations . 20 Acknowledgements . 22 Contacts . 23 About Springer Nature and OA books . 24 Appendices . 26 Appendix 1: Definitions and limitations . 26 Appendix 2: Methodology . 27 Appendix 3: Top 10 downloaded books . 29 Appendix 4: Interviewed authors and funders . 30 Appendix 5: Author questionnaire . 32 Appendix 6: Funder questionnaire . 33 Appendix 7: References . 34 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0) The OA effect: How does open access affect the usage of scholarly books? springernature.com 3 Foreword Springer Nature was created in 2015, but from our earliest days as Springer, Palgrave Macmillan and Nature, we have been publishing monographs and long-form research for some 175 years. The changing environment for book publishing has created both opportunities and challenges for researchers and their funders, for publishers, and for the wider community of readers and educators. As a publisher, we have championed new models of scholarship, introducing ebooks in 2006, and our first open access (OA) book in 2011. -
SUBMISSION from SPRINGER NATURE Making Plan S Successful
PLAN S IMPLEMENTATION GUIDANCE: SUBMISSION FROM SPRINGER NATURE Springer Nature welcomes the opportunity to provide feedback to the cOAlition S Implementation Guidance and contribute to the discussion on how the transition to Open Access (OA) can be accelerated. Our submission below focuses mainly on the second question posed in the consultation: Are there other mechanisms or requirements funders should consider to foster full and immediate Open Access of research outputs? Making Plan S successful: a commitment to open access Springer Nature is dedicated to accelerating the adoption of Open Access (OA) publishing and Open Research techniques. As the world’s largest OA publisher we are a committed partner for cOAlition S funders in achieving this goal which is also the primary focus of Plan S. Our recommendations below are therefore presented with the aim of achieving this goal. As a first mover, we know the (multiple) challenges that need to be overcome: funding flows that need to change, a lack of cooperation in funder policies, a lack of global coordination, the need for a cultural change in researcher assessment and metrics in research, academic disciplines that lack OA resources, geographic differences in levels of research output making global “Publish and Read” deals difficult and, critically, an author community that does not yet view publishing OA as a priority. While this uncertainty remains, we need the benefits of OA to be better described and promoted as well as support for the ways that enable us and other publishers to cope with the rapidly increasing demand. We therefore propose cOAlition S adopt the following six recommendations which we believe are necessary to deliver Plan S’s primary goal of accelerating the take-up of OA globally while minimising costs to funders and other stakeholders: 1. -
Validity of Altmetrics Data for Measuring Societal Impact
Accepted for publication in the Journal of Informetrics Validity of altmetrics data for measuring societal impact: A study using data from Altmetric and F1000Prime Lutz Bornmann Division for Science and Innovation Studies Administrative Headquarters of the Max Planck Society Hofgartenstr. 8, 80539 Munich, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Can altmetric data be validly used for the measurement of societal impact? The current study seeks to answer this question with a comprehensive dataset (about 100,000 records) from very disparate sources (F1000, Altmetric, and an in-house database based on Web of Science). In the F1000 peer review system, experts attach particular tags to scientific papers which indicate whether a paper could be of interest for science or rather for other segments of society. The results show that papers with the tag “good for teaching” do achieve higher altmetric counts than papers without this tag – if the quality of the papers is controlled. At the same time, a higher citation count is shown especially by papers with a tag that is specifically scientifically oriented (“new finding”). The findings indicate that papers tailored for a readership outside the area of research should lead to societal impact. If altmetric data is to be used for the measurement of societal impact, the question arises of its normalization. In bibliometrics, citations are normalized for the papers’ subject area and publication year. This study has taken a second analytic step involving a possible normalization of altmetric data. As the results show there are particular scientific topics which are of especial interest for a wide audience. -
THE FUTURE of OPEN ACCESS BOOKS: FINDINGS from a GLOBAL SURVEY of ACADEMIC BOOK AUTHORS Ros Pyne Springer Nature
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc. Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln 6-2019 THE FUTURE OF OPEN ACCESS BOOKS: FINDINGS FROM A GLOBAL SURVEY OF ACADEMIC BOOK AUTHORS Ros Pyne Springer Nature Christina Emery Springer Nature Mithu Lucraft Springer Nature Anna Sophia Pinck Springer Nature Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/scholcom Part of the Intellectual Property Law Commons, Scholarly Communication Commons, and the Scholarly Publishing Commons Pyne, Ros; Emery, Christina; Lucraft, Mithu; and Pinck, Anna Sophia, "THE FUTURE OF OPEN ACCESS BOOKS: FINDINGS FROM A GLOBAL SURVEY OF ACADEMIC BOOK AUTHORS" (2019). Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc.. 113. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/scholcom/113 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc. by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. springernature.com Illustration inspired by the work of Jokichi Takamine Open Research THE FUTURE OF OPEN ACCESS BOOKS: FINDINGS FROM A GLOBAL SURVEY OF ACADEMIC BOOK AUTHORS White paper Open Research: Journals, books, data and tools from: Contents Foreword ...........................................................1 Authors Ros Pyne Executive summary ...................................................2 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310- Introduction .........................................................5 3153 Survey findings .......................................................7 Christina Emery 1. Book authors’ motivations and priorities ..............................7 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3903- 1.1 Motivations for publishing books .................................7 6724 1.2 Print ........................................................10 Mithu Lucraft 2. Attitudes to OA books . -
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Recommendations from the Reducing the Inadvertent Spread of Retracted Science: Shaping a Research and Implementation Agenda Project Jodi Schneider*, Nathan D. Woods, Randi Proescholdt, Yuanxi Fu, and the RISRS Team July 2021 *Corresponding author: [email protected] and [email protected] Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 Recommendations 4 INTRODUCTION 5 RISRS Project Goals and Assumptions 6 Framing the Problem 8 Scope of this Document 9 THE RISRS PROCESS 10 Scoping Literature Review 10 Interviews 11 Workshop, Dissemination, and Implementation 11 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CURRENT AWARENESS 11 Reasons for Retraction 11 Formats and Types of Retraction 13 Field Variation 15 Continued Citation of Retracted Papers: What Went Wrong? 20 Visibility of Retraction Status 24 Inconsistent Retraction Metadata 25 Quality of Retraction Notices 26 Literature Review Conclusions 28 DEFINING PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES 29 PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES DESCRIBED BY THE EMPIRICAL LITERATURE ON RETRACTION 29 Problem Themes Described by the Empirical Literature on Retraction 30 Opportunity Themes Described by the Empirical Literature on Retraction 32 Problem Definition Described by the Empirical Literature on Retraction 35 THEMES FROM STAKEHOLDER INTERVIEWS 36 Problem Frameworks based on Stakeholder Interviews 36 Contentious Themes based on Stakeholder Interviews 38 The Purpose of Retraction According to Stakeholder Interviews 38 Changing the Scholarly Record 39 The Harms of Retraction According to Stakeholder Interviews 39 The Character of Reform According to Stakeholder Interviews 40 SYNTHESIZING THE PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES 41 Aligning Opportunity Pathways 41 Defining the Scale and Scope of the Problem 42 RECOMMENDATIONS 43 1. Develop a Systematic Cross-industry Approach to Ensure the Public Availability of Consistent, Standardized, Interoperable, and Timely Information about Retractions. -
Impact on Citations and Altmetrics Peter E. Clayson*1, Scott
1 The Open Access Advantage for Studies of Human Electrophysiology: Impact on Citations and Altmetrics Peter E. Clayson*1, Scott A. Baldwin2, and Michael J. Larson2,3 1Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 2Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 3Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT *Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, US, 33620-7200. Email: [email protected] 2 Disclosure Michael J. Larson, PhD, is the Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Psychophysiology. Editing of the manuscript was handled by a separate editor and Dr. Larson was blinded from viewing the reviews or comments as well as the identities of the reviewers. 3 Abstract Barriers to accessing scientific findings contribute to knowledge inequalities based on financial resources and decrease the transparency and rigor of scientific research. Recent initiatives aim to improve access to research as well as methodological rigor via transparency and openness. We sought to determine the impact of such initiatives on open access publishing in the sub-area of human electrophysiology and the impact of open access on the attention articles received in the scholarly literature and other outlets. Data for 35,144 articles across 967 journals from the last 20 years were examined. Approximately 35% of articles were open access, and the rate of publication of open-access articles increased over time. Open access articles showed 9 to 21% more PubMed and CrossRef citations and 39% more Altmetric mentions than closed access articles. Green open access articles (i.e., author archived) did not differ from non-green open access articles (i.e., publisher archived) with respect to citations and were related to higher Altmetric mentions. -
Scooped! Estimating Rewards for Priority in Science∗
Scooped! Estimating Rewards for Priority in Science∗ Ryan Hilly Carolyn Steinz August 12, 2020 Abstract The scientific community assigns credit or “priority” to individuals who publish an important discovery first. We examine the impact of losing a priority race (colloquially known as getting “scooped”) on subsequent publication and career outcomes. To do so, we take advantage of data from structural biology where the nature of the scientific process together with the Protein Data Bank — a repository of standardized research discoveries — enables us to identify priority races and their outcomes. We find that race winners receive more attention than losers, but that these contests are not winner-take-all. Scooped teams are 2.5 percent less likely to publish, are 18 percent less likely to appear in a top-10 journal, and receive 20 percent fewer citations. As a share of total citations, we estimate that scooped papers receive a credit share of 45 percent. This is larger than the theoretical benchmark of zero percent suggested by classic models of innovation races. We conduct a survey of structural biologists which suggests that active scientists are more pessimistic about the cost of getting scooped than can be justified by the data. Much of the citation effect can be explained by journal placement, suggesting editors and reviewers are key arbiters of academic priority. Getting scooped has only modest effects on academic careers. Finally, we present a simple model of statistical discrimination in academic attention to explain how the priority reward system reinforces inequality in science, and document empirical evidence consistent with our model. -
Building a Trusted Framework for Coordinating OA Monograph Usage Data
Building a trusted framework for coordinating OA monograph usage data Building a Trusted Framework for Coordinating OA Monograph Usage Data Statement of authorship 3 Problem statement 5 Introduction 6 Opportunity 6 The monograph ecosystem makes a solution tractable and desirable 7 Diversity 7 Institutional connection 7 Community infrastructure 8 Multiple distribution pathways 8 Shared interests make a community solution viable and desirable 8 Challenges 8 Political challenges 9 Privacy of user data 9 Competition and antitrust law 9 Economic challenges 9 Cost of platform provision 9 Coordination costs 9 Technological challenges 10 Format diversity 10 Metadata consistency 10 Data comparability 10 Social challenges 10 Defining usage data 10 Selecting data schema 10 Publisher diversity 11 1 Platform diversity 11 Commercial concerns and risk management 11 Coordination 11 A landscape survey of monograph and scholarly usage data 12 Hosting platforms 12 Usage data collection and processing 12 Collecting and combining data for analysis 13 What is missing? Coordination. 14 What do we propose? 15 A data trust for open access monographs 15 Principles of a data trust for open access monographs 16 Contractual terms 17 Appendix A 19 A data trust for industry data sharing 19 How do you design a sustainable industry data sharing trust that will provide members with opportunities for analytics-led innovation and growth? 19 European Union guidance on business-to-business data sharing 20 Industry data sharing 21 Appendix B 21 Political interventions 22 Regulation -
THE POWER of KNOWLEDGE 2 Springer Nature Sustainable Business Report 2020 Our Business Societal Impact Research DEI Our Values Environment Communities Key Data GRI
Sustainable Business Report 2020 THE POWER OF KNOWLEDGE 2 Springer Nature Sustainable Business Report 2020 Our business Societal impact Research DEI Our values Environment Communities Key data GRI ABOUT SPRINGER NATURE GROUP Research and learning are the cornerstones of progress, which is why we open doors to discovery – enabling researchers, educators, clinicians and other professionals to access, trust and make sense of the latest research, to improve knowledge and benefit future generations. OPENING DOORS IN THIS REPORT 02 Our business TO DISCOVERY 03 About this report 04 Our strategic approach to sustainability At Springer Nature, we harness 07 COVID-19: Responding to a global crisis the positive power of knowledge to 09 Accelerating Solutions to Urgent Societal Challenges enable progress towards a better 09 Sustainable development goals 13 Opening up research future for all. 15 Using Technology to Advance Discovery and Learning 17 Championing Diversity, Equity and Inclusion 19 Living Our Values 22 Environment 26 Our Support for Communities 28 Key Data 30 Independent Auditor’s Limited Assurance Report 32 Global Reporting Initiative Content Index FIND OUT MORE Wherever you see a thumbnail image, click through to access more content on our website. Explore Springer Nature’s progress in sustainability in 2020 on our microsite and find other relevant reports and documents at www.springernature.com/SustainableBusiness Discover 3 Springer Nature Sustainable Business Report 2020 Our business Societal impact Research DEI Our values Environment Communities Key data GRI SPRINGER NATURE GROUP KEY FACTS ABOUTABOUT THIS REPORT Our Sustainable Business report highlights the EMPLOYEES PEER REVIEWERS mostTHIS material environmental, REPORT social and governance 10,000 750,000+ (ESG) issues for Springer Nature, how we monitor COUNTRIES OF OPERATION RESEARCH SUBMISSIONS and manage these and our recent progress. -
LUZERNE COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE LIBRARY New Materials July 01, 2015 - September 30, 2015
LUZERNE COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE LIBRARY New Materials July 01, 2015 - September 30, 2015 CIRCULATING MATERIALS BF295 .R45 2014 The relation of childhood physical activity to brain health, cognition, and scholastic achievement. Boston, MA: Wiley, c2014. BF531 .O73 2014 Orians, Gordon H., author. Snakes, sunrises, and Shakespeare: how evolution shapes our loves and fears. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, c2014. BF723.S45 S53 2015 Sleep and development: advancing theory and research. Boston, MA: Wiley, c2015. BL312 .L435 2015 Leeming, David Adams. The handy mythology answer book. Detroit, MI: Visible Ink, c2015. BL504 .S86 2014 Sumegi, Angela. Understanding death: an introduction to ideas of self and the afterlife in world religions. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, c2014. BP182 .S74 2015 Stern, Jessica. ISIS: the state of terror. First edition. New York: Ecco Press, an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers, c2015. BX1378.7 .W55 2015 Wills, Garry. The future of the Catholic Church with Pope Francis. New York: Viking, 2015. CS16 .S646 2010 Smolenyak, Megan. Who do you think you are? : the essential guide to tracing your family history. New York: Penguin Books, c2010. CS21.5 .H465 2014 Hendrickson, Nancy, author. Unofficial Guide to Ancestry.com: How to Find Your Family History on the #1 Genealogy Website. Cincinnati, OH: Family Tree Books, an imprint of F+W Media, Inc., c2014. Luzerne County Community College Library New Materials – July – September 2015 CT120 .W33 2015 Wagman-Geller, Marlene. Behind every great man: the forgotten women behind the world's famous and infamous. Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks, c2015. D769.8.A6 R43 2015 Reeves, Richard, author. Infamy: the shocking story of the Japanese American internment in World War II.