Manual for Training Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Miners

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Manual for Training Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Miners Project EG/GLO/01/G34 Removal of Barriers to Introduction of Cleaner Artisanal Gold Mining and Extraction Technologies Manual for Training Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Miners Global Mercury Project, Coordination Unit, Vienna Pablo Huidobro, Project Manager, UNIDO Marcello M. Veiga, Chief Technical Advisor, UNIDO Svitlana Adler, Administrative Assistant, UNIDO Authors (UNIDO Consultants) Marcello M. Veiga1, Stephen M. Metcalf1, Randy F. Baker2, Bern Klein1, Gillian Davis1, Andrew Bamber1, Shefa Siegel1, Patience Singo3 1 University of British Columbia, Norman B. Keevil Institute of Mining Engineering, Vancouver, BC, Canada 2 Azimuth Consulting Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada 3 Good Life Investments, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe Editing: Marcello Veiga, Stephen Metcalf and Karel Young Covers: Front: Training Miners in Mozambique, Back: Training in Indonesia, Brazil, Sudan, Laos, Tanzania and Zimbabwe Disclaimer: The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Mention of company names and commercial products does not imply the endorsement of UNIDO. Copyright UNIDO, 2006 Manual for Training Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Miners _________________________________ Copies can be obtained at: Global Mercury Project UNIDO, Vienna International Center, D-12 P.O. Box 300 A-1400 Vienna, Austria www.globalmercury.org/ _________________________________ Less mercury, more gold and better health (Gold in a shop in Kalimantan, Indonesia) Manual for Training Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Miners/Veiga, M.M. et al./Vienna, Austria: GEF/UNDP/UNIDO, 2006, 144p. 1. mercury pollution, 2. artisanal gold mining, 3. gold processing. GMP - Manual for Training Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Miners i Table of Content Introduction to Effective Training Strategies ............................................ 1 Who are successful trainers? ................................................................ 1 What is a successful curriculum? ......................................................... 3 How do we recognize successful implementation? .............................. 6 Basic knowledge for trainers ................................................................ 6 Gold Ores, Mineralogy and Liberation ..................................................... 7 Gold occurrence.................................................................................... 7 Gold minerals ....................................................................................... 8 How to find gold deposits..................................................................... 9 Gold liberation.................................................................................... 10 Using a small ball mill to investigate gold liberation ......................... 12 Basic knowledge for miners ............................................................... 14 Crushing and Grinding............................................................................ 16 Why crushing and grinding is important ............................................ 16 Crushing ............................................................................................. 18 Grinding.............................................................................................. 25 Basic knowledge for miners ............................................................... 32 Gravity Concentration............................................................................. 34 Introduction ........................................................................................ 34 Sluices ................................................................................................ 37 Good sluice design ............................................................................. 38 Feed preparation ................................................................................. 41 Sluice design and construction ........................................................... 42 Trapping mechanisms......................................................................... 43 Optimal slurry flow velocity............................................................... 46 Centrifugal concentrators ................................................................... 47 Panning............................................................................................... 49 Different kinds of gold pans ............................................................... 50 Basic knowledge for miners ............................................................... 53 Gold Amalgamation ................................................................................ 55 Mercury, a brief history...................................................................... 55 Mercury uses and properties............................................................... 56 Forming gold amalgam....................................................................... 57 Improving amalgamation.................................................................... 61 Amalgam-heavy minerals separation ................................................. 63 Separating excess mercury from amalgam ......................................... 64 Hotspots.............................................................................................. 66 Mercury recovery by retorting............................................................ 67 Classical retorts .................................................................................. 70 ii GMP - Manual for Training Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Miners Operating retorts .................................................................................72 Home-made retorts..............................................................................73 How to reduce the retorting time ........................................................81 Recycling mercury..............................................................................83 Melting gold........................................................................................84 The Ratio of Mercury Lost to Gold Produced (Hglost:Auproduced).........85 Amalgamation centers ........................................................................86 Effects of mercury vapor exposure .....................................................87 Basic knowledge for miners................................................................89 Cyanide Leaching of Gold.......................................................................92 Introduction.........................................................................................92 Toxicity of cyanide .............................................................................93 Cyanide leaching.................................................................................95 Interferences to cyanide leaching........................................................96 Industrial practices..............................................................................97 Recovering gold from the pregnant solution.....................................102 Cyanide management........................................................................106 Basic knowledge for miners..............................................................108 Environmental Effects of Mercury ........................................................110 How mercury contaminates the environment....................................110 Protect your environment..................................................................111 Basic knowledge for miners..............................................................112 Health Consequences of Mercury Exposure..........................................115 Mercury in the environment..............................................................115 Human exposure to mercury.............................................................116 Uptake and elimination of mercury ..................................................118 Medical indicators of mercury exposure...........................................119 Symptoms of mercury vapor exposure .............................................120 Consequences of mercury exposure..................................................121 Treatment of mercury poisoning.......................................................123 Protect yourself and your family.......................................................123 Basic knowledge for miners..............................................................124 General Health Concerns of Artisanal Mining Communities ................126 Malaria..............................................................................................127 Tuberculosis (“TB,” “consumption”)................................................128 HIV/AIDS.........................................................................................128 Malnutrition ......................................................................................129 Conclusion ........................................................................................130 Basic knowledge for miners..............................................................130 Clean Water and Sanitation ...................................................................132 Why clean
Recommended publications
  • From Base Metals and Back – Isamills and Their Advantages in African Base Metal Operations
    The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Base Metals Conference 2013 H. de Waal, K. Barns, and J. Monama From base metals and back – IsaMills and their advantages in African base metal operations H. de Waal, K. Barns, and J. Monama Xstrata IsaMill™ technology was developed from Netzsch Feinmahltechnik GmbH stirred milling technology in the early 1990s to bring about a step change in grinding efficiency that was required to make Xstrata’s fine-grained lead/zinc orebodies economic to process. From small-scale machines suited to ultrafine grinding, the IsaMill™ has developed into technology that is able to treat much larger tonnages, in coarser applications, while still achieving high energy efficiency, suited for coarser more standard regrind and mainstream grinding applications. The unique design of the IsaMillTM, combining high power intensity and effective internal classification, achieves high energy efficiency and tight product distribution which can be effectively scaled from laboratory scale to full-sized models. The use of fine ceramic media also leads to significant benefits in downstream flotation and leaching operations. These benefits are key drivers for the adoption of the technology into processing a diverse range of minerals worldwide, and offer major opportunities for power reduction and improved metallurgy for the African base metal operations. Keywords: IsaMill, regrind, energy efficiency, inert grinding. Introduction The development of the IsaMillTM, by MIM (now GlencoreXstrata) and Netzsch Feinmahltechnik GmbH, was initiated to enable the development of the fine-grained ore deposits at Mt Isa and McArthur River in Northern Australia. To liberate the valuable minerals and so produce a saleable concentrate this ultrafine-grained ore needed to be ground to a P80 of 7 μm.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Problems and Potentials of the Study of Cupellation
    Some problems and potentials of the study of cupellation remains: the case of post-medieval Montbéliard, France Marcos Martinon-Torres, Nicolas Thomas, Thilo Rehren, Aude Mongiatti To cite this version: Marcos Martinon-Torres, Nicolas Thomas, Thilo Rehren, Aude Mongiatti. Some problems and po- tentials of the study of cupellation remains: the case of post-medieval Montbéliard, France. Archeo- sciences, revue d’Archéométrie, G.M.P.C.A./Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2008, pp.59-70. halshs- 00599974 HAL Id: halshs-00599974 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00599974 Submitted on 19 Jun 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Some problems and potentials of the study of cupellation remains: the case of early modern Montbéliard, France Problèmes et perspectives à partir de l’étude des vestiges archéologiques issus de la coupellation : l’exemple du site de Montbéliard (France) Marcos Martinón-Torres*, Nicolas Thomas**, Thilo Rehren*, and Aude Mongiatti* Abstract: Bone-ash cupels are increasingly identified in medieval and later archaeological contexts related to the refining of noble metals in alchemy, assaying, jewellery or coin minting. These small finds may provide information on metal refining activities, the technical knowledge of different craftspeople, and the versatility of laboratory practices, which often differed from the standard protocols recorded in metallurgical treatises.
    [Show full text]
  • Contents 2009
    INNEHÅLLSFÖRTECKNING/CONTENTS Page Forssberg, Eric, Luleå University of Technology Energy in mineral beneficiation 1 Acarkan N., Kangal O., Bulut G., Önal G. Istanbul Technical University The comparison of gravity separation and flotation of gold and silver bearing ore 3 Ellefmo, Steinar & Ludvigsen, Erik, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Geological Modelling in a Mineral Resources Management Perspective 15 Hansson, Johan, Sundkvist, Jan-Eric, Bolin, Nils Johan, Boliden Mineral AB A study of a two stage removal process 25 Hulthén, Erik & Evertsson, Magnus, Chalmers University of Technology Optimization of crushing stage using on-line speed control on a cone crusher 37 Hooey1, P.L., Spiller2, D.E, Arvidson3, B.R., Marsden4, P., Olsson5, E., 1MEFOS, 2Eric Spiller Consultants LLC, 3Bo Arvidson Consulting LLC, 4, 5Northland Resources Inc. Metallurgical development of Northland Resources' IOCG resources 47 Ikumapayi, Fatai K., Luleå University of Technology, Sundkvist, Jan-Eric & Bolin, Nils-Johan, Boliden Mineral AB Treatment of process water from molybdenum flotation 65 Johansson, Björn, Boliden Mineral AB Limitations in the flotation process 79 Kongas, Matti & Saloheimo, Kari, Outotec Minerals Oy New innovations in on-stream analysis for flotation circuit management and control 89 Kuyumcu, Halit Z. & Rosenkranz, Jan, TU Berlin Investigation of Fluff Separation from Granulated Waste Plastics to be Used in 99 Blast Furnace Operation Mickelsson1, K-O, Östling2 J, Adolfsson3, G., 1LKAB Malmberget, 2Optimation AB Luleå, 3LKAB Kiruna
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Study on Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in South Africa
    Preliminary study on artisanal and small-scale mining in South Africa Published by the Open Society Foundation for South Africa 2nd Floor, Lobby 2, Park Lane, c/o Park and Alexandra Roads, Pinelands, 7405, Cape Town, South Africa www.osf.org.za © Open Society Foundation for South Africa First published 2017 All rights reserved Report prepared for Open Society Foundation for South Africa (OFS-SA) by the Centre for Sustainability in Mining and Industry (CSMI) Authors: Pontsho Ledwaba Pontsho, Prof. Nellie Mutemeri Nellia, [email protected] and [email protected] Cover photo: A woman ‘dressing’ stone at a tiger’s eye mining site, in Prieska Conceptualised, designed and produced by COMPRESS.dsl | www.compressdsl.com Contents Figures and tables ii Acronyms and abbreviations iii Executive summary iv 1. Introduction and objectives 1 2. Methodology 2 3. Definitions 3 4. Defining ASM in South Africa 5 4.1. Zama-Zama mining and the ASM framework 9 5. The current status of the ASM sector 11 5.1. Mineral deposits and ASM potential 11 5.2. Size, distribution and location 11 5.3. ASM and socio-economic development 13 5.4. Challenges facing the sector 14 6. ASM legislative framework 16 7. ASM-supporting interventions 19 8. Recommendations 22 9. Key stakeholders 24 9.1. Artisanal and small-scale miners 25 9.2. Supporting institutions 25 References 28 Appendices 30 Appendix A: Comparative analysis of ASM provisions in African mining legislation 30 Appendix B: Distribution and list of minerals suitable for ASM exploitation 31 Appendix C: List of mineral
    [Show full text]
  • S Ndlovu (PDF)
    Extraction of Gold Then, Now and the Future Prof Sehliselo Ndlovu DST/NRF SARChI: Hydrometallurgy and Sustainable Development University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Building a Robust Minerals Industry 3 – 4 July 2017, Cresta Lodge, Harare University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg Founded Oct. 1896: School of Mines Approx. 37 000 Students 5 Faculties, 33 Schools, 3610 Courses >160 000 Degrees Conferred since 1922 55% Female Students 10 National Centres of Excellence Home to the Bidvest Football Club( Current PSL league Champions) Evolution in Gold Processing Past Technologies • Amalgamation • Panning Current Technologies • Cyanide leaching • Processing of Emerging and Future refractory ores Technologies • Bio-oxidation • Ionic liquids • Alternative leaching • Ultrasonic leaching reagents • Corn starch?? Past Technologies Used in Ancient Times History of gold extends back at least 6,000 years. Egypt and Mesopotamia around 4000 BC. Gravity Separation: Gold Panning Gold concentrated by washing lighter river sands with water Leaves dense gold particles Alternative- wash gold-bearing sand and gravel over a woollen fleece Traps heavier gold dust that would sink into the wool fibres. Advantages • Simplicity Disadvantages • Labour intensive Gravity Separation: Sluicing • Water is channelled to flow through a sluice-box. • Sluice-box is essentially a man-made channel with riffles (barriers) at the bottom. • Riffles create dead-zones in the water current which allows gold to drop out of suspension. Sluicing and panning results in the direct recovery of small gold nuggets and flakes. Gold Parting: Salt Cementation Process • Invented to remove Ag from Au-Ag mixtures around 6th century BC. Mix: argentiferous gold foil, common salt, brick dust or burnt clay and urine in a sealed container.
    [Show full text]
  • Principles of Extractive Metallurgy Lectures Note
    PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY B.TECH, 3RD SEMESTER LECTURES NOTE BY SAGAR NAYAK DR. KALI CHARAN SABAT DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING PARALA MAHARAJA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BERHAMPUR DISCLAIMER This document does not claim any originality and cannot be used as a substitute for prescribed textbooks. The information presented here is merely a collection by the author for their respective teaching assignments as an additional tool for the teaching-learning process. Various sources as mentioned at the reference of the document as well as freely available material from internet were consulted for preparing this document. The ownership of the information lies with the respective author or institutions. Further, this document is not intended to be used for commercial purpose and the faculty is not accountable for any issues, legal or otherwise, arising out of use of this document. The committee faculty members make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. BPUT SYLLABUS PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY (3-1-0) MODULE I (14 HOURS) Unit processes in Pyro metallurgy: Calcination and roasting, sintering, smelting, converting, reduction, smelting-reduction, Metallothermic and hydrogen reduction; distillation and other physical and chemical refining methods: Fire refining, Zone refining, Liquation and Cupellation. Small problems related to pyro metallurgy. MODULE II (14 HOURS) Unit processes in Hydrometallurgy: Leaching practice: In situ leaching, Dump and heap leaching, Percolation leaching, Agitation leaching, Purification of leach liquor, Kinetics of Leaching; Bio- leaching: Recovery of metals from Leach liquor by Solvent Extraction, Ion exchange , Precipitation and Cementation process.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    Table of Contents Preface ........................................... xi Chapter 1. Physical Extraction Operations .................... 1 1.1. Solid-solid and solid-fluid separation operations .............. 1 1.1.1. Flotation ................................... 1 1.1.2. Settling under gravity ........................... 3 1.1.3. Centrifugation ................................ 3 1.1.4. Filtration ................................... 4 1.2. Separation operations of the components of a fluid phase ........ 5 1.2.1. Condensation ................................ 5 1.2.2. Vacuum distillation ............................. 5 1.2.3. Liquation ................................... 6 1.2.4. Distillation .................................. 8 1.2.5. Extractive distillation ........................... 11 1.3. Bibliography ................................... 12 Chapter 2. Hydrometallurgical Operations .................... 15 2.1. Leaching and precipitation operations .................... 15 2.1.1. Leaching and precipitation reactors ................... 15 2.1.2. Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) ................ 18 2.1.3. Models of leaching and precipitation operations ........... 20 2.1.4. Particle-size distribution (PSD) functions ............... 21 2.2. Reactor models based on particle residence time distribution functions ........................................ 24 2.2.1. Performance equations for a single CSTR ............... 24 2.2.2. Performance equations for multistage CSTRs ............. 28 2.3. Reactor models based on the population balance
    [Show full text]
  • Recovery of Gold and Iron from Cyanide Tailings with a Combined Direct Reduction Roasting and Leaching Process
    metals Article Recovery of Gold and Iron from Cyanide Tailings with a Combined Direct Reduction Roasting and Leaching Process Pingfeng Fu 1,2,* ID , Zhenyu Li 1, Jie Feng 1 and Zhenzhong Bian 1 1 School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; [email protected] (Z.L.); [email protected] (J.F.); [email protected] (Z.B.) 2 Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-6233-2902 Received: 25 June 2018; Accepted: 19 July 2018; Published: 21 July 2018 Abstract: Cyanide tailings are the hazardous waste discharged after gold cyanidation leaching. The recovery of gold and iron from cyanide tailings was investigated with a combined direct reduction roasting and leaching process. The effects of reduction temperature, coal dosage and CaO dosage on gold enrichment into Au-Fe alloy (FexAu1−x) were studied in direct reduction roasting. Gold containing iron powders, i.e., Au-Fe alloy, had the gold grade of 8.23 g/t with a recovery of 97.46%. After separating gold and iron in iron powders with sulfuric acid leaching, ferrous sulfate in the leachate was crystallized to prepare FeSO4·7H2O with a yield of 222.42% to cyanide tailings. Gold enriched in acid-leaching residue with gold grade of 216.58 g/t was extracted into pregnant solution. The total gold recovery of the whole process reached as high as 94.23%. The tailings generated in the magnetic separation of roasted products, with a yield of 51.33% to cyanide tailings, had no toxic cyanide any more.
    [Show full text]
  • Mongolia Case Study
    UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME Analysis of formalization approaches in the artisanal and small-scale gold mining sector based on experiences in Ecuador, Mongolia, Peru, Tanzania and Uganda Mongolia Case Study June 2012 Disclaimer The designation employed and the presentation of material in this report do not imply any expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations or United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area, or any of its authorities, or concerning any delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Any views expressed in the document do not necessarily reflect the views of UNEP. The mention of specific institutions or organizations does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by UNEP, nor preferred compared to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The use of information from this publication concerning proprietary products for publicity or advertising is not permitted. Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested together with a reference to the document. A copy of the publication containing the quotation or reprint should be sent to UNEP Chemicals. UNEP would like to thank the Government of Norway for their contribution to this work. A formalization analysis document of the artisanal and small-scale gold mining sector has been developed by UNEP to highlight critical elements of formalization process for policymakers. Five case studies were developed as a means to inform the overall formalization analysis. The case studies are available on UNEP’s web-site and were developed by the following regional experts: § Ecuador – Maria Laura Barreto, ARM/MERG § Mongolia – Patience Singo, Sustainable Artisanal Mining project (SAM project) § Peru – Olinda Orozco Zevallos and Frederico Cesar Gamarra Chilmaza, Red Social (Peru) § Tanzania – Samuel Spiegel, Independent Consultant § Uganda – Jennifer Hinton, Independent Consultant The case studies represent the views of the identified expert author.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Degradation and Small Scale Mining Nexus: Emerging Trends and Challenges in Northern Ghana
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals Developing Country Studies www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online) Vol.6, No.2, 2016 Environmental Degradation and Small Scale Mining Nexus: Emerging Trends and Challenges in Northern Ghana Daniel A. Bagah William Angko John Paul Tanyeh School of Business and Law, University for Development Studies,Wa Campus Abstract Small scale mining especially illegal mining commonly called “Galamsey” has attracted much attention in recent times. This study seeks to explore the emerging trends and challenges of small scale mining in northern Ghana. Using structured questionnaire, key informant interviews as well as in-depth interviews, the study sampled 57 stakeholders from two major mining communities in the Wa East district of the Upper West Region namely; Manwe and Jonga communities via purposive, snowball and accidental sampling techniques. The result revealed that majority of the respondents in the small scale mining in these communities were Ghanaians between the ages of 18 and 40 years although few minors were recorded to have engaged in the practice. The essay concludes that the search for livelihood among rural dwellers influence them to ignore the cultural norms that govern the use of the natural environment as it gradually look normal for people to engage in activities that degrade the environment without caring about the negative repercussions of their activities. Also, weak institutional and regulatory framework as well as poor enforcement of the laws governing illegal mining could have further worsened the battle against illegal mining.
    [Show full text]
  • National Instrument 43-101 Technical Report
    ASANKO GOLD MINE – PHASE 1 DEFINITIVE PROJECT PLAN National Instrument 43-101 Technical Report Prepared by DRA Projects (Pty) Limited on behalf of ASANKO GOLD INC. Original Effective Date: December 17, 2014 Amended and Restated Effective January 26, 2015 Qualified Person: G. Bezuidenhout National Diploma (Extractive Metallurgy), FSIAMM Qualified Person: D. Heher B.Sc Eng (Mechanical), PrEng Qualified Person: T. Obiri-Yeboah, B.Sc Eng (Mining) PrEng Qualified Person: J. Stanbury, B Sc Eng (Industrial), Pr Eng Qualified Person: C. Muller B.Sc (Geology), B.Sc Hons (Geology), Pr. Sci. Nat. Qualified Person: D.Morgan M.Sc Eng (Civil), CPEng Asanko Gold Inc Asanko Gold Mine Phase 1 Definitive Project Plan Reference: C8478-TRPT-28 Rev 5 Our Ref: C8478 Page 2 of 581 Date and Signature Page This report titled “Asanko Gold Mine Phase 1 Definitive Project Plan, Ashanti Region, Ghana, National Instrument 43-101 Technical Report” with an effective date of 26 January 2015 was prepared on behalf of Asanko Gold Inc. by Glenn Bezuidenhout, Douglas Heher, Thomas Obiri-Yeboah, Charles Muller, John Stanbury, David Morgan and signed: Date at Gauteng, South Africa on this 26 day of January 2015 (signed) “Glenn Bezuidenhout” G. Bezuidenhout, National Diploma (Extractive Metallurgy), FSIAMM Date at Gauteng, South Africa on this 26 day of January 2015 (signed) “Douglas Heher” D. Heher, B.Sc Eng (Mechanical), PrEng Date at Gauteng, South Africa on this 26 day of January 2015 (signed) “Thomas Obiri-Yeboah” T. Obiri-Yeboah, B.Sc Eng (Mining) PrEng Date at Gauteng, South Africa on this 26 day of January 2015 (signed) “Charles Muller” C.
    [Show full text]
  • Stillwater Mine, 45°23'N, 109°53'W East Boulder Mine, 45°30'N, 109°05'W
    STILLWATER MINING COMPANY TECHNICAL REPORT FOR THE MINING OPERATIONS AT STILLWATER MINING COMPANY STILLWATER MINE, 45°23'N, 109°53'W EAST BOULDER MINE, 45°30'N, 109°05'W (BEHRE DOLBEAR PROJECT 11-030) MARCH 2011 PREPARED BY: MR. DAVID M. ABBOTT, JR., CPG DR. RICHARD L. BULLOCK, P.E. MS. BETTY GIBBS MR. RICHARD S. KUNTER BEHRE DOLBEAR & COMPANY, LTD. 999 Eighteenth Street, Suite 1500 Denver, Colorado 80202 (303) 620-0020 A Member of the Behre Dolbear Group Inc. © 2011, Behre Dolbear Group Inc. All Rights Reserved. www.dolbear.com Technical Report for the Mining Operations at Stillwater Mining Company March 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.0 SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................... 1 3.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 3.2 EXPLORATION ................................................................................................................ 1 3.3 GEOLOGY AND MINERALIZATION ............................................................................ 2 3.4 DRILLING, SAMPLING METHOD, AND ANALYSES ................................................. 3 3.5 RESOURCES AND RESERVES ....................................................................................... 3 3.6 DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATIONS ........................................................................... 5 3.6.1 Mining Operation ..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]