I' laq :r. ,. f,f -. t r, 22'St/A

IN TIIE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT rON TNT WESTERN DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA

I') MADAME HABYARIMANA; eslateof the i,i itoi*" and on behalf of the ""p""ity deceasedPresidcnt of ' HABYARIMANA: clv-10-43?-Vl ruV6Nru- uase No.

2) MADAME NTARYAMIRAi the estate'of the iri i.* o*" *p""ity and on behalf of deceasedPresident of ' CYPNEN NTARYAMIRA;

Plaintiffs,

VS.

I) GENERAL : zinvns r.c's,AREsE; ii reusrrNxYAMwASA KAYUMBAT ri cgeru-nsxeYoNGA; si ilcrsoN lucuRuNZIA, a'k'aJack Nziza; ii savuel KANYEMERA,a'k'a' San Kaka; ;i noseKAsuve airecon ruuwrxe 9} FRANCKNZIZA IO)ERIC HAKIZIMANA

Defendants

COMPLAINT WITII JURY DEMAND

cwRoNGFULDDATHANDMURDER;CRIMESAGAINSTHUMANITY;ASSAULTAND rucni'sTr irns' irsERrlllf? SECURITY; vroLATloN oF rlrE DISTRESS; INTENTIbNAi iIITITCTTOXOF TMOTIONAL BATTERY; AND CORRUPT VTOLATIONSOT Tii'N,tiXNTEER INFLU-ENCED CONTINUINGCONSPIRACY IN ORGANTZATIONSACi-TORfURE; AND F'URTHERANCETIIEREOF) tl a r a'va4t 22soh

JURISDICTION

The Alien Tort claims Acl, 2Eu. s.c. g 1350,provides federal jurisdiction for ,,anycivil action by an alien fora tort only, commined in violation of thc law of nationsor a trcaty

ofthe united states." This court also hasjurisdiction over plaintiffs' claims undcr 2g

U.S.C.I l33l (fedent questionjurisdiction); t8 U.S.C.SEC ll32 and l8 U.S.C.g

1964(c)(Racketeer Influenced and Compt OrganizationsAct).

Furthcr. thc u.s. FedcralExtraterritorial rorn,rc statutc, l g u.s.c.A. g 23ztoA,provides jurisdiction fcderal over'vbocver outsi& thc unitcd Stetescommits or attemptslo

commit torture" or conspircsto commit torture, if said person is a national of the ulltc:L.._

statcs or is presenlin the united st"tes, irrespectiveofthe nationality of the victim or

allegedoffender.

J. In addition, Plaintiffs invoke thc supplemenratjurisdicrionof this Court, 2g U.S.C. g

1367,ovcr claims basedupon laws of tbc StateofOklahoma arising from ongoing,

substantialcontacts b€twcen oklaboma and Defcndmt Kagame and tbc covcmmcni of

Rwands"voluntarily iniriated or cngagedin by DcfendantKagame, including, but not

limited to: (a) the RwandanPresidential Scholars Program at Oklahoma Christian

Univenity, personallyestablished by DefendantKagame in Oklahoma in lgag; @) the

continuing opcration of said Rwandal Scholarsprogram which now totals morc than 60

Rwandanshrdents; (c) thc RwandanOuheach & Community Foundation,staffed by

Oklahoma Christian employecs;(d) Rwandans4Watcr.an initiative of thc Rwandan

PrcsidentialScholars Program; (c) PeaccThrough Busincss-Rwanda,a partnershipwitb

the Oklahoma City-bascdInstitute for the Empowermcntof Womcn; and, (f) the physical r.t.. f UIf a' ,it zwA llt

presence ofDefendant Kagamein tbe stateofoklahoma on Aprit 30, 20t0 to be honorcd

by OklahomaChristian University, and on numerousother occasions.

PRELIMINARY STATEMENT AND INTRODUCTION

4. On Aprif 6, 1994 at 8:25 p.m., the Falcon50 jet of rhe presidentof the Republicof

Rwanda,registration number "9XR-NN", on its retum from a sunrmit meetingin DAR-

ES-SALAAM (Tanzania)as it was on approaclrto KanombeInremational Airpon in

KIGALI, Rwanda,was shot down by hvo surface-to-airmissilcs; and

All passengersperished in thc explosionofthe aircraft, including:

a. Juvinal HABYARIMANA, Chief of Stateof Rwanda,

b. , Chief of Stateof Burundi,

c. Diogratias NSABIMANA, Chief of Sraff of RwandanAnned Forces(R.A.F.),

d. EIie SAGATWA, Colonel and Chief of the Milirary Cabinet of the Rwandan

president,

.maison c. Thadd6eBAGARAGAZA, Major and executiveofficcr in the militaire'

of the Rwandanpresident,

f. JuvCnalRENZAHO, foreign affairsadviser to rhe Rwandanpresident.

g. EmmanuelAKINGENEYE, personalphysician lo the Rwandanpresident.

h. BernardCZA, Minister of Planningin the govemmentof Bumndi,

i. Cyriaque SIMBIZI, ConmunicationsMinister of Burundi.

And the membersof the French flicht crew:

j. Jacky HERAUD, pilot,

k. Jean-PierreMINABERRY, co-pilot, t ?, a, -?2ry4

l. Jean-Michel PERRINE, flight engincct

Thc final ordcr to shootdown tbc Prcsidcnl'splanc was givcn by Paul KAGAME,

himself, during a meetingheld in Mulindi, Rwandaon or about March 31, 1994,witb the

planning and thc operalionalphasc being entrustedto Col. JamesKABAREBE, who was

specifielly chargcd with the fomration ofa team specializedin the useofsurface-to-air

missile-sfumished by Ugandain a conspiracywith mcmbersof the non-govcmmcntal

RwandanPatriotic Army (hercinafter RPA).

The material prcparation, the orgaiztion and thc intclligcrcc ncessary for thc

cxecution ofthis plot were brought ogcther with thc direct assistanceofolficen in the

RPA non-governmentalconsPiracY :

a, CharlesKAYONGA, RPA Battalion Commander,

b. JacksonNKURUNZIA, a.k.a.Jack NZIZA, Major,

Col. SamuelKANYEMERA, a.k.a.Sam KAKA,

d. Rosc KABUYE, Major,

e. JacobTUMWINE, Major, assistantto Lt.-Col. CharlesKAYONGA; md

Second Lt. Franck NZZA and Corporal Eric HAKIZ AMANA, mcmbers of thc missilc

section,fired their SAM-16-tyPe surface-to-airmissiles at the President'splane alrd

destroyedit in flight; and

9. General Paul KAGAME dclibcrately chosea modus operandi that, in the context of the

particular tcnsion pcnrading both in Rwanda and Burundi bctween the Hutu and Tutsi

communities, could only bring about bloody rcprisals against thc Tutsi community, and

which offered him a veneerof legitimacy forhis rcn*al of hostilities and his scizing of

Statepower in Rwanda by criminally violent mcans. a 'ti 22qy'A

TTIE PLAINTIFFS

10.Madame HABYARIMANA bringsthis action individually, and as administratorof the

estateof her husband,Juv6nal HABYARIMANA, now deceased,who was a subject.

citizen, and rcsidcnt of Rwanda. Madanc HABYARIMANA presentlyrcsidcs outside of

the United Statesand is not a citizen of the United States' the I l. MadameNTARYAMIRA brings this action individually, and as administlatorof

estateof ber husband,Cyprien NTARYAMIRA' Chief of Stateof Burundi' now is deceased.Madamc NTARYAMIRA prescntlyresides outsidc of the unitcd Statesand

not a citircn of the united States.

THE DEFENDANTS

of the non-govemmentalRPA 12.Defcndant Gcneral Paul KAGAME, Commander-in-chicf

and the currentPresident ofthe Republicof Rwanda'

13.DefendanrLt.-Col.JamesKABAREBE,assistanttoGenclalPaulKAGAMEandChief .Rwandan the'Rwandan Defense of Stafffor the PatrioticArmy' (RPA), now known as

Forces'(RDF). a Major General' 14.Defendant oflicerFaustin NYAMWASA KAYUMBA, cunently Commanderbascd in 15. DefendantOfficer CharlesKAYONGA, the RPA Battalion for National Defense and currently Brigadier Generaland advisorto the Presideni

Affairs.

16. DefendantJackson NKURUNZIA, a'k'a' JackNZIZA, Major'

17.Defendant Col. SamuelKANYEMERA, a'k'a' Sam KAJ(A' I | *l r t. 22116/4

18.Dcfendant Rose KABUYE, Major, assigncdto the RPA battalion that quartercdthe

commandosin the RPA headquaners(known as C.N.D.) in Kigali bcforc thc attack.

19. Defendart JacobTUMWINE, Major, assistantlo LL-Col. Charlcs KAYONGA, who

recoivcd the missiles to bc uscd in rhe attackat his quartcrsin thc C,N.D. and took parl

witb otbcr officers around Paul KAGAME iD thc last meetingwhere the ordcr to shoot

down 6c plane was givcn.

20. Defcndant SecondLt. Franck NZIZA, mcmberof the missile sectioothat fircd his SAM-

l6-typc surface-to-airmissilc at the President'splanc and destroyedit in flight.

21. DefcndantCorporal Eric HAKIZAMANA, anothcrmembcr of thc missilc sectionthat

fircd his SAM-16-typc surfacc-to-airmissilc at the Prcsidcnt'splanc and destroyedit il

night.

22. Whcncvcr and whcrcvcr rcfcrcncc is madc in this Complaint to any conductby

Defendantor Defendsnts,such allcgalionsand rcfercnccsshall also be dcemedto mcan

thc conductofcach oftic Dcfcndants,acting individually,jointly and rcvcnlly.

23. Whcnevcr and whcrever referenceis made1o individuals who arc not namedas

DefcndanB in this Complaint, but wcrc emPloyecyagentsof Dcfcndanls,such individuals

gt all retevanttimcs actcd on behalf of thc Dcfendantsnanred in this Complaint within the

scopc of their rcsPcctive cmployments. a '3 "zq,t/n

s.tnt.n,ruEntoP rncrs!

PlannedAssassinations

24. Whilethere may be somedispute regalding the particularsofrhe long historyofconflict

for political powcr in Rwandaand Burundi, betwccngroups known as "Hutu" and

'.Tutsi." there canbe no doubt thatthe invasionof Rwandantmitory by Tutsi ex-Patriot

elcmentsof tbc Ugandanamy in october 1990(a.k.a. the non-governmcntalRPA), led

Paul Kagamc, ifthe /trst causeof evenisft t::ffl by Defendant tat J 0 morcthan scvenmillion dcathsin-. bgnvcgn{Plilgrjl July 19942,and hasresulted in t-I a CeqlSl4trle-Cl!9lthat time. I RPA engagedin 25.Aftcr an initial convcntionalassault on Octobcrl, 1990,tho Kagame-led

a plarrnedstratcgy of..guerilla'' warfarcwith thc purposcof: (a) dcstabilizingthe

Habyarimanagovemnrenti(b)makinguscoftheU.N'sponsoredArushanegotiationsand preparationsiand associationwith opposition political partiesas a "cover" for RPA war power by (c), having achicvedmilitary superiorityas early as Fcbruary I 993' seizing ll -/ ofPrcsidcnt Haby^;^ ,u.tll military forcc in a final assaultinitiated by the assassination ll as thc "Rwond"l J tt i, rirs planthat touched offthe long-predictedcivilian killings known I I Genocide."

of sabotage, 26. Thc monthsor late I 993 and caly I 994 includemany cxamplesofacts (RPA) purposeof assrsinations and disordercarried oul by the KagameArmy for the the destabilizing,and discreditingthe Habyarimanagovemment, Theseacts included

killingofoppositionpoliticalleadersandTutsiciviliansandlodemonstlatethatthe

IFoolno&rcfcrcmcsarctodoomcntsaody'ortcstimonyinthcEcordinthcMi|ilary.ITria|a(thclhtcmations|

Criminal Tribuoal for Rwand& in which one ofthcm iJ*lrlrriiyii*irrisses, DH-go and DH-91, who witnessed thc Invssion in the Parish

: #;tilli$lfil;",lli,i:t*tto':*",, ,"sansrriak, coroncr Luc Mdchar and wirncss ALL-42 .32?e/A

current Rwandan govcrffnent could no longer ensure security ofthe populationand ro crcarcpropaganda.to discredit tbc Habyarimana govemmcnt in the cyes ofthc iatcmationar commuaity.a Tbis stmtegywcot hsnd-in-hand wilh thc miritary buird_upfor thc "final assaurt", which was thc orly "ptan" or'.conspiracy,'that incrudcdfte kiring of civilians- Ir was at abistimc, latc Novcmber 1993.tbat U.S. ambessadorFlaren specificalrywamcd Gen' Kagamc and president Habyarimanathat thc party that resumed bost'ities wourd bc responsibtefor thc prcdicted civilisD cssuarti* 0n the order ofrhc reccnt rnassacrcsin Burundi.J In dircct violstion ofthis waming, GeneratKagame resuDedhostilities by shooting down thc plaDecarrying thc lwo Hutu presidcnts.

27' whilc clcmcnts of the Ksgamc RPA wcrc ..tcrrorism,.ro committing acts of destabilize and discrcdit thc Habyarimanagsvcmmcnr iD earty 1994,its negotiatorewcrc acdvely cngagedin blocking the implementadon ofthc U.N. sponsorcdpeacc agrecment (Arusha Accords) and Kagame was alrcadytlrreatcning war.6 By April l, 1994,not only had thc rEprcsentativcsof all intcrested

implcmentationof the Arusha Accords had beenresorvcd, but U.s- AmbassadorDavid Rawsonconfimred that ir was intransigence of thc Kagamc-rcdRpA that was preventing the implementation of thc Arusha Accords.T

'Tstimny of Abdut Ruzibia, 'Tcstimffy 9 Much 2006 of Flncn, 30 Junq I July 2005 ' .,-, :'erUbis '-.- DNr243,v,. I z1r, DNr?ii.uN I j)r, DNr2i4,uN r254,DNr256.DNT256. ud flil1J ONtlRII:I r, oHrlZ,R5llgrp.Xlili.t*174, iiNiiii. udDNr262DNT262 ExHrBrrvrFrrMoNyExHrBrrvrFrnMoNyosscnrerxcoo"",",r" rse lr_,;p,ml?lI::-.SHRoN.o.^Loctc^L LrsrrNcoF DocuMENrARy "*o?llfexpL^nii,or,;;;;;;;ffii;;;,;il;i',lt"1itffill 't .a,vA

28. The final plansto assassinatcPrcsidcnt Habyarimana wcrc convertcdinto spccific ordcrs

fronrPaul Kaganre on March31. 1994,which wer€ put intoaction on April 6, 1994. An

assassinationteam ofKagame's RPA called"the network" launchedUganda-supplicd

Sovietmissiles from Masakahilt at about8:30 p.m. on April 6,1994.e Not only wasthis

revealedbefore the ICTR Trial Chamber,but FretrchTerrorist Judge Bruguiere anived al

this conclusionbased on the testimonylhat he heardin hearingsleading to the indictmenr r0 issuedin November2006. Similar findings were reachedby Spanishinvestigating I JudgeMcrelles.l Furthcr, all RPA commandershad beenbrought to Mulindi, on April 4

I 994, in apparentpreparation for the assaultto seizepower that Gen. Kagatneordered on

the night ofApril 6, 1994, shortly after he had receivednews ofthe successful r2 assassinationattack-

29. The assassinationcertainly was an act of war, as well as a terrorist act, as well as a

violation of the cease-fire. The timing of the ordersfor the Kagame-led troopsto nlount

thc final assaulton the night ofApril 6, 1994- and no, the aftemoonon April 7, belies

the assertionthat tbe Kagame's resumptionofwar was launchcdin responscto thc killing

ofhis supporrers-13

r SEECHRONOLOCICAL LTSTTNC OF DOCUMENTARYEXHIBITVTESTIMONY OESCRIAING THE EXPLANAT'ONOF EVINTS DURTNCTHE t99G9,aRWANDA wAR. Jan-April 6 Scctions, elseg. Fomcr U.S. Anbasador Flaren tcstificd thot hc pcnonolly wamed Kagamc that, ifHE stancd thc wd agrin, HE would bc rcsponsiblc for killings likc tbse that had racntly wuncd io Burundi. Oncc Kagmrc rcsumcd thc wt, lhc prcdictcd killings followed apace. What wos lackiag ms thc military opability to stop thch by curcnt Rwando Amy (thc FAR), and thc lack of will to do so, on thc palt ofKtgamc'5 RPA bccaue thcy rvcre winning the War. 'td. ro Sec Bruguicrc lndictsndt of RPF Atlachcd rrsce Mercllcs Indictrnent of Paul Kapamc md RPA attachcd. 12 /d.....Nlso 8RA-l (T. 05/04/06, p. 6;{7) lrTcstinrooyofColoncl Marcbal (T.30/l t/06. p.27-28); Lugan (T. l5lll/06. p. !); Ruzibia (T. 09103/O6.p.2G28, 38-39). ALtl2 (T. 091| | 106,p. 2t) t nQ* { ..t

30. Irr fad, Gcn. Kagamc and the RPA resumed the war, withour any provocation, with tle

assassinations of Presidents Habyarimana and Ntaryamim. Fronr thc srandpoint of fixing

ccntral rcsponsibility for thc massacrcs that the assassinations of Presidcnts Habyarimana

and Ntayarmira touehcd o{f, thce acts wcre undcrtak en witJr, full knowledge on the parl

of Gen. Kagame that resumption of the war u'ould carce marsive civilian casualties,as

U.S. Ambassador Flaten had wamed somc fivc months carlier and as prcdicted by thc

r{ U.S. Sutc Dcpartrncnt.

Continuins and Deepcninqtbe PrcdictedBloodbath

31. The rcsponsibility of Gen. Kagmc and thc RPA for thc massacrcsthat thc RPA

sssassinationofPres. Habyarimanatouched offdoes not end with the inception ofthose

killings. Gen Kagame admittedto U.N. Gcn. Dallairc on Apfil22, 1994,the prcdicted

civilian massacreswcrje arl integral patt of his war plan. In responsclo Dallairc's

complaint that the RPA was not using its troopsto savs thc prcdictedTutsi victims of the

rcnewedcombat, CeD.Kagamc said that, "Thcre will be many sacrificss in this war. If

the rcfugecshave to bc killed for the causc,thcy will bc considcrcdas having bcenpart of

thc 'sacrifice' for his war plan."15

32. FrcncbJudge Bruguierc and Spuish JudgcMsclles noted that on numcrousoccasions,

bcginningonthenightofAprit 6. l994,6cRPAandGen.Kagamcrcjcctcdccasc-firc

offers by tbc Rwandan Gcncral Army (RGF).I6 Gen. Dallairc also notcd itr contempomry

tt ,Sccfotnotc 5- It T6ri|My of DrlhiE (T. 27ru1lO4.P. E7-tE)rnd b@k (Exhibit DNT33) on pagc35E (English) or45l (Fmch): TcstimyofRcyntjcns(T 2ID9/04.p-'19-t)).whcnomcntingoothcKagomsutcmcnt,Rcyrrjdrconfmed rhrt othq RPF l6dcr mldc thc srmc slatcmcnt(T. 2lo9O4, p. 49-50).During his tclirnooy. Ruibiz onobontcd Reyntjcro (T. 09/03[6, p. 62) ri BruguicrcRcpon; Tctimony of witncssColoncl bc Mrchal Cf. 30/l lm6, p. 25-26) t0 t o'" .r r*f lfl {'}ift 3,2?/A

codecablcsthattheRPAwouldnotagrectoaccase-fircwhilcitwaswiruring.l?The

ICTR testimoDyofformer RPA officer JosbuaRuzibiza, and a confidentialwihress,

(BRA-I), recountspecific examplesofGen. Kagameordering bis troops ,a, to intervcnc

to savecivilians and removing officcrs from their commmd for anemptingto do so.18

JudgesBruguiere and Merellesfound, and other witnessestestified that the RpA

aflirmatively blocked the interventionofan intemationalpeace-keepilrg force intendedto

l9 save luBl llves.

33, In addition to the direcr responsibilityofGen. Kagameand thc RPA for bringing the

Rwandacivilian massacresabout by assassinatingPres. Habyarirnana and Ntaryamira

and resumingthe war, and for blocking the possibility ofmilitary interventionto stop the

massacresonce they began,Gen. Kagameand the RPA arealso dircctly rcsponsiblefor

massacresconrmitted in areasoccupied by their forces,or where combal was occurring.

As early as the night of April 6-7, 1994,squads were leavingR]A headquarters1o kill

persons,particularly in Remeraaraa, near thc RPA beadquarters.According to witnesses

Prof. Reyntjensand U.N. Coloncl Luc Marchal2{these were'politicatiuur* ii*r* y t-t I and leaders,

34. Kagamo's RPA massacredthousands in the stadiumin the northerncity of Byurnba

shortly after seizingcontrol ofthc cify on April 7, lgg4.2t A.nd,as thc main force of

ExhibitsDNslo6, DNTI I r, DNTI tz, DNTI tJ, oN'l-t 18.DNTI88 ad DNTIBS "rr Tcstinroryof Ruzibia (T. 09/03/06,p. 45) aodwitncss BM-l fI. 06r/04O6,p. 6E) It Bruguicrc.p. 46; Tcstimonyofwitncsscs Coloncl Dcwez (T. 24106/05,p. 49); Dcsoutcr(T. 04/04/06,p. l9) nnd ColonclLuc Marchal(T.30i I l/06,p.25-26). s RcyotjensTctimony (T.221091M,p.30)his book Rweda. Tmis jours qui onr fait buculr I'bistoirc,p. 62 and Tcstinnny ofwitncs ColonelLuc Marcha(T. 0l/12106,p. l). "' T6timony of witnBs BRA-l on (T. 06/O4106,p. 6455); witnessALL-42 O. 08/l l/06, p. 4l4l) il rz*/A

Kagame's RPA swcpt southward from Byumba,/Mutam, it reached the area around Kubungo/Rusomo in the sout}eastofRwanda ;n thc two weeks aftcr April 6.2 35- As early as May 17,1994, Unitcd NarionsHigb Comrnissioner(UNHCR) for Refugees reportsshow that thousands ofcivilians werc systcmaricallybeing_massacred by Kagame's RPA boops in areas aroundRusomo and in the casternthird ofthe country that had be€n coDtroilcdby the RpA sincc the third week in April.2r Tbc RpA massacresin the eastem part ofthe country wcrc documented by Robert Gersony, U.S- State Department Human Rights investigator, who reported 0rat in a fcw wecks he had concludedthat no fewcr than 4o,0o0civirians had becn killed by Kagame's RpA roops in a mannertbat could only bavc muned as milirary operationsin a small pan of Rwalda.2a

36. Although it cannot be deniedthat nuny Rwandans,both Hutu and rutsi wcrc killed by ..pre_planncd opponeotsofthe RPA, thesckillings were ro, as a result ofa government

led genocide" or "conspiracy".25 Rather,like killings had occurrcd in Burundi in october

1993,as rcsult ofviorence following rhe assassinationofthe first Hutu prcsident,

Mechiov Ndadaye' The killings io Rwanda began as a rcaction !o the assassinationof the sccond third and Hutu prcsidcnlski[ed in thc last six monlhs. The Kagamc RpA war of

r For a nmary of sore of thc qime cmmirtcd by Dcfqd.nt K.g.* ud @{arpintori i[ thc funhc'D* of *c s''-ry prcpr*d paur f-rc alspiruy' by Rusebagina, rhc rut figw dcpictcdin rhc rwaa winning firrn. Hot.l Rwn&\.at chd. Mry 17 " Codc Cabl.' &G cHRoNoLoctc^L LtsrrNc oF pRosecunoN ANDoF DocuMENTAty ExHrBrrvrEsrlMoNy DEEcS.tBrNcTHE EXPLANATION oF EVENTSDURTNG !-G-6ony fHE l9c9. RWANDAwAR. Mly Scclioo Rcpon-(Exhiut DI(-r ,2) srd,Etaicd asrimy bc wi ** i.-'rur-i" viamey Ndagijimna fomr t'tinisl_c,r.q1t6'/t t/06. p. iGsE). ,Scacxno*orocn'. LrsrrNo oF ?RosEcu'oN DOCI,MENTARY$_9f$rn ANDoF EXHIBITVTESTIMONYDESCAIEING Tt{E EXPT^NENOXOT CVSNTSOURTNG THE I990.9'RWANDA WAR &ptmbcOctobd 1994 Seiioru, cr rs?. "-&4 lcr& Mititlry-r Judgmt of February8, 2009,acquining rop mirit ry omcen who opposcdKagamc.s RpF of onspinc1r o plming to conmit gcaaidc. t2 f.. '1, irl ', I ft "t 2z3aA

invasion,as predictedby U.S. AmbassadorFlarcn and many others,triggercd massive civilianon civilian violence.26

37' Thepredicted tragcdy reached unpredicrabreproportions because the RpA m'itary objcctivesrequircd that the country descendinto chaos,as part of its war plan, and tlat massacresof the population woe consideredmercly collateral damogeby Geo. Kagame.27 Both he and the RPA bearresponsibility for their scopeand extent, and_t_e-. 1 C conspiracyto avoid responsibilityfor rhejr own crimes tbat continuetodav. '-l I

I

GENERAL ALLECATIONS

38. As a direct and proximate result ofDefendants'unrawfirrconduct, praintiffs have suffered and will continuc to suffer harm including pain and sufrering,and extremeand sevcre mentalanguish plaintiffs and emotionaldisbess. are thcrebyentitled lo generarand

compensalorydamages in amountsto be proven at trial.

39. Plaintiffs'causesofaction ariseunder the foilowing laws, agrcements,conventions,

resolutionsand treatics:

Alien Tort ClainrsAcr.28 U.S.C.g t350;

b, Torturc,l8 U.S.C.$ 23404

Racketeerlnfluenced and Com:pt OrganizationsAct, I g U, S.C. gg I 96 I - I 96g;

d. Customaqrinternational law:

United Nations Charter,59 Stat. I 03l, #3 Bcvans I 153(194S);

* 'Ihc cle hadprcdictcd in JeEry t994 that in .1.c of rcsumplionof hostiliticsro maoyas half a million pcrsons: - might dic. Thir infomatiqo is found ir '- tbc_bookof Dcs Forge..Leve noncro rcil tlc siory" on pag" ia. ".crc-sscxamination tcstinrony ofGm'.Dallairc.relatcd ro codc cablc ofAprit 2-1,199a. rcporting iis convcrsarion wirh Klgamc in Murindi and rcpon of rhc samcin his book, from which rhc',cottaieora".irg.': ri"gu"gJ;;;;^. l3 a .i { tt ,' *&.r y'i1 223s/A

f. Universal Dcclaration of HumanRights, G-A- Res. 2 l7A(iii), U.N. Doc- A./gf O (te48);

g. lntcmational Covenanton Civil and political Rights, G.A. Res. 2220A(xxi),21

U.N. Doc.,GAOR Supp.(No. I6) at 52, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1966):

h. convcntion Against Torture and othcr cruer, rnhumanor DegradingTreatment or Punishment, G.A. Res.39146,39 U.N. Doc..GAOR Supp.(No. jl) ar I lOO.

U.N. Doc. N3gt1t (tgt4);

i. Declaration protclion pcrsons on the ofAll From Bcing Subjectedro Tort'rc and

Othcr Cruel, Ilhuman or DegradingTreatmcnt or punishmcnl G.A. Res. 34SZ,jO

U.N. Doc., GAOR Supp.(No. 34) at 9t, U.N. Doc. NIO034 (19.t6):

j. Common law of the United Statcsof Amcricat

k. staotes and common law of thc statc of okrahoma, inctuding but nol limited to

wrongful dcatb,assault and battcry.intentionar infliction of cmotiornt distress,

and the

L LawsofRwanda.

40. There is no independentfunctioning judiciary in Rwandaand any suit againstDefendants

therc would havc bcen and would still be futite and would result in scriousrcprisals.

t4 l. t { 2"3>/A

COUNT I

(Wrongfirl Death- Murder)

4 L On tbeir own behalfand on behalfoftheir deceasedrelativcs, JuvCral Habyarimanaand

CyprienNtaryamira, PIaintiffsrcallcge and incorporateby refcrcnccthc allegationssct

forth in paragraplrsI through40 as is fully set forth herein.

42. As a direct rcsult ofthe Defendants'acts and omissionsand as a result ofthc dealhof

their respectivehusband, Plaintiffs have sustainedpecuniary loss resultingfrom the loss

ofsociety, comfort, afteniion,seruices, and supportofeach deccdent-

43. Paul Kagame,et al areliable for said conductin that Defendantsdirected, ordered,

confirmed,ratified, and/orconspired with the military regime in bringing about the

wrongful deathsof JuvdnalHabyarimana, Cyprien Ntarymira, Diogratias Nsabimana,

Elie Sagatwa,ThaddteBagaragaza, Juvdnal Renzaho, Emmanuel Akingeneye, Bcrnard

Ciza, CyriaqueSimbizi, JackyHeraud, Jean-Pierre Minaberry, and Jean-Muc Penine.

,14.The actsdescribed herein constitute wrongful death,actionablc under the laws of

Oklahoma,the United States,and Rwanda.

l5 22%h

couNT 2

(CrimesAgainst Humani6r)

45' The allegationssct forth in paragraphs r tbrough44 ofrbis compraint arc rcatcgcd and

incorporated by reference as iffirlly set forth herein.

216.The acts describedhcrein againstptaintiffs constitutccrimes againsthumaniqr, in violation ofcuslomary intemationar law whicb probibits inlumanc acts ofa very serious D.a,'C such as willfut kiling torturc and other inhumane acts comrnitted as part ofa widespreador systematicattack against any civilian population. Lc.adcrs,organizers, instigatorsand accompriccsparticipating in thc formulation ofthese acrsare responsibrc

for all acts performcd by any pcrsoo in exccutionofsuch plan.

47. Tbe acts dcscribedhercin constitutc crimcs againsthumanity in vioration ofthe Alicn Tort claims Act, cuslomary intemationallaw, thc common law of thc United starcs.the

statules.nd common law of Oklahoma,lhe laws of Rwanda,and thc intcmational

tsestics, agrccrnents, convdrtions aDdrcsolutions dcscribcd io paragraph 39 hercin. 48. Dcfand""ts Paul ptaintiffs Kagame,er a/ are liablc to for said conduct in that Defendants dircctcd, ordered,confirmd ratified, and/orconspircd with thc military rcgime in

bringing about the crimcs against humanity committcd against plaintiffs.

l6 I t r't ".e dr lr, i.t' . el'-' alry/A

COI,JNT3

(Violationof theRights of Life. Libcrty andSccurity ofpereonj 49' The ategations set fonh in paragraphsr through4g ofthis compraint are rea,egedand incorporated by referenceas if fully set forth herein.

50' The shootingdown ofpresidentHabyarimana,s plane consritutes violationsofthe right to Iife, liberty andsecurity ofperson ofall thoseon theplane.

51.Thc shootingdown andkilling ofoccupants ofthc praneconstrtutes violations ofthe righrs to life, liberty and securityofperson, for which DefendantsKagame, e/ a/ are Iiable.

52' The actsdescribed herein constitute viorations ofpraintiffs,rights to rife, ribcrty and sccurity of personin vioration of the Arien Tort craims Act, customaryintemationar raw. the commonlaw of thc United states,the statutes and common Iaw of oklahoma, the rawsof Rwanda'md the intemationartreaties, agreements,conventions and resorutions describedin paragraph39 herein. paul 53' Defendants Kagame,e/ a/ are riablc for said conductin that Defendanrsdirected. ordered,confirmed, ratificd, and,/orconspired with the military rcgime in bringing about tbe illegal violations oftie rights ro life, liberty and securityofperson. a' tv r" -t" 'ia/, 22W

COUNT4

(Assaultand Battery)

54' The allcgatioossel fortb in pangraphs r through 53 ofthis compraint arc raneged and

incorporatedby rcferenceas if fully sct forrh herein

55. As a rcsurt ofrhese acts,praintiffs wcre pracedin grcat fear for their rives and suffcred

scvcrc physical and psycbologicalabusc and agouy.

56. Dcfendants'acts wcrc willfirl, intcntional,wanton, malicious and opprcssive.

57. Defendanrsarc liable for said conductin that Dcfcn&nts dirccted,ordcred, confirmcd, ratified, and/or conspired with thc military rrgime in bringing abour the assaurtand

banery ofthc occupantsofthc planc and tcns ofthoueandsofRwandans-

58. Thc actsdescribed hercin consiitutcassault and banery.actionabre under the laws of

Oklahoma,tbc Unitcd Statesand Rwanda.

COUNT5

(lntentional Infl iction of Emolional Distrcss)

59. Tbe allcgations ser forth in paragraphsl through 5g of this cornpraint are rcailcgedand

incorporatcd by refersrcc as if fully sct forth hercin.

60. Thc acts described hercin constitute outragcous conduct in violation of all normal

standardsofdecency and wcrc without privilege orjustification.

61. Thescouragcous acts wer. iotentionalond rnaliciousand done ror the purposesof causing Plaintiffs to sulrer humiliation, mcntal anguish and exrreme cmotio,nal and physical distess.

t8 ( t *' lF'l *4. *1, rt ;il 22.3',/4

62. As a rcsult ofDcfendants'acts,Plainliffs were placcdin great fear for their livcs and wcrc

forcedto suffer severephysical and psychologicalabuse and agony.

63. Defeodantsare liable for said conductin that Defendantsdirected, ordered, confimed,

ratificd, and/orconspired with the military reginrein bringing about thc intcntional

infliction of emotiona)distress oF the occupantsof the plane,the relativesof the

ocepants and tensof thousmdsof Rwandans.

64. Defendantsoutrageous conduct constitutes the intentionalinfliction of emotionaldistress

and is actionableundcr the laws ofOklahoma. the United Statcsand Rwanda.

COI'NT 6

(Violations ofthe Racketecrlnflucnced and CorruptOrganization Act)

65. The allcgationsset forth in paragraphsI through 64 ofthis Complaint are reallegedand

incorporatcdby referenceas iffully set forth herein.

66. From not later than 1990to the presm! DelendantsKagame, et al, andtheir agentsand

@-coDspiratorsiormed a RICO "enterprise"within the meanhg of 18 U.S.C. $ 196l(4)

engagcd in foreign. and interstate comnerce.

6?. Altematively, Defendantsand their agentsand co-conspiratorscoDstituted an association

in fact for a common purposewitb a continuousexistence separate and apart from thc

patternofracketeering activity in which they engaged.This associationin fact constituted

an enterprisewithin the meaningof I8 U.S.C.$ l96l(4).

68. Each Dcfendantis an "individual or entity capableof holding a legal or beneficialinleresl

in propcrty" and, as such,each conslitutcs a "person"within the meaningof 18 U.S.C. $

r96l (3).

t9 la i:. .' 22s"/A

69. Tlrc Dcfcndanb are engagedin intemtatcacts of commercsand the acG allegcd hcrein havc a potcntisl effecl on ommerce.

70. Ovcr a pcriod ofyears and continuiag aothc prcscot,Defcndants with their cG conspiratorsor agentq in violation g of I U.S.C 0 | 962(b) through a patcrn of rackcteeringactivi5r, havc acquircdand maintainedan int€restin resourcesin the eastcm Congo to their own bcncfit.2r

71. Al all tirncs relevaat to this complaint, thc Dcfend,nr5,and their agentsand co- cons?irstorscooductcd, or parricipatcddirectly or indircctly in thc conduct ofthc affsirs ofthc enterprisethrough pattcrn a ofrackctcering activity, wirhin the ncaning of lg

U.S.C.$ l96t (lX5), in violationof l8 U.S.C.$ 1962(c).

72. At zll times relcnnt to this complainr, thc DefendantsKagame, et or, in violation of l g

u.s.c. 0 1962(d)combincd aod conspircdrogethcr and with rheir aSentsand co- conspirators to commit conduct thc affairs ofthc cntcrprise through a pattcrn of

rackcrccring activity.

73. ln firrthcrance ofttc conspiracy, and ro cfrcct thc objects thercof, thc Dcfcndants commiftcd overt actsas set forth morc fully in paragnphs r through 65 and in the

attachcdindictmcnts and ICTR Complaint.

74- During 1990 tbrough 2010, in violation of rg U.s.c gg 1962(c)and (d), Defendants,with thcir agentsand co-conspirators,conspircd to and did conductthe offairs of the entcrprire

through a pattem ofracketcering activity-

75- Thc panem ofrackcteering activity allegedia paragraphsl rlrough 64 abovc inctudcd

thc following spccific acts,all ofwhich constitutcdand arc dcfined as racketeering

q s--eExpcn Rcporrsof 200t,2002, 20oJ,20oE commisioncd by u.N. s@nry councir dcr.ailingongoing rhcff of billiqs of dollan of nstunl Gourcs from aheastcm Congoby-Dcfcndurs. 20 223t/A

activity by lg u s'c' $ r96r(l) andat ofwhich arescr forth in rhespccific nr,,nbcrcd paragraphsherein which are reallegedand incorpomted hereby referenceas iffully set forth, as follows:

a. arsoni

b. murder:

c. torfure;

d. extonion;

76' Defcndaots'acts alrcgcdhereiu havc substantiar effect within thc unired shtes. 77. As a directand proximare resultof rheDefcndans,violarions g of I U.S.C.$$ 1962(b), and (d) plaintiffs 1c) havc sufferedinjury to business, propsrry,reputation and riverihood 78' The injuries sufferedby eachpraintiffwcre rcasonabry fioreseeabreor anticiparedby the Defendantsas the nahral consequenceofDefendants, acts.

2l a. t1, .-|"t 223o/A

COUNTT

(Torture) 79' under lg u's' c. 2340A (a), whoever outsidcthe ua,tca states commits or attcmpls ro commit torture is subject to criminar penarty of not morc than 20 ycan, or botb, and if dcath resultsto any pcrson Fom conduo prohibited by this subsrcrion,shall be punishcd by death or imprisoned for any tcrm ofyears or for life. Such provision makesoul a comparabrccraim for damages'arising from ,nc tort associatedwith thc aforesaid criminal act_

80. In the momcnts immediatelyprior to their deaths,thc deccdentsexperienced psychorogical and physicat discomfon smouoting to torturc, arising from their impcnding dcaths arrd intcntional and murdcrous acts ofdcfcndan ts Kagameet al. 8r ' Thc federarcourts ofthc united stateshavc expricit criminar jurisdiction over the activitv prohibited in subsection(a) if- thc altegedoffcnder is prrsent iD thc u'ited s,,tcs, irraspectiveofthc nationality ofthc victim or allcaedoffcnder. 82' Defcndant Kagamc hac beenprescot in thc united Stateson numcmus occasionsand was prcscnr on April 30, 2010 within thc forum Shte of Oklahoma. E3' The injurics suffercd by each plaintiffwere rcasonabryforesecabre or anticipatcdby thc Dcfcndantsas thc latural conscqucace ofDcfcn&nls. acrs. a o t€ ;'r 22??/4

COTJNTS

(Conspiracyto Torture)

34 undcr I8 u's.c, 2340 -A (c) personwho corlspiresto commil torture. or attemprsto commit torture' shat bc subjectto the samecriminar penarrics (othcr than the penartyof death)as the penarties prescribedfor the offense,the comrnissionof which was the object of the conspiracy,tbus estabtishing a similar eauseofaction in tort. 85' Up to and including the mome't tre pr'ne crashed, thusexhnguishing tbe lives of dccedents, defendantsKagame, et al, wcrc engaged in the conspiracyto murder,and lorturc, the occupantsofthe plane for which they had meticulouslyprepared. 86' The injuries sufferedby eachplaintiffwere reasonabry foreseeabreor anticipatedby the Defendantsas thc natural consequenceof Defendants,acts-

E7.Since the deathsoccurred, defendants havebcen engaged in a conspiracyto.,cover-up,, and deny their culpability, along with un-namedcountries and co_conspimtors.

PRAYER FORRELIEF WHEREFORE, plainriff requeststie foltowing relief: 88' That this court assumejurisdictionofthis cause to dererminethis controve*y and set this casefor hearing on the meriB:

89.The awardofcompensatory plaiDtilFs damagesto in theamount of$250,000,000.00. 90. The awardofpunitive damagesagainst the Defendants,jointly and ssverally,in the amountof 9100,000,000.00

9r ' That this plainriffcosts, court alrow thc cxpensesand attomeys,fccs, and alsogrant such alternativereliefas may seemto the Court,just, proper,and equrtable.

ZJ e f,r'"' 222% t q,'4.

JURY TRIAI, DEMAND, praindffs demanda jury triar, pursuant to tbe seventl Amendmcnt [o the coDstitution tbe United States, of as to all claims for darnages.

PLACE OF'TRIAL plaintiffs designate Oklahoma City, Oklaioma as the place of t ial.

Dated: Respecffultysubmiffcd.

W _ . Zclbst, Holmes & Burler, p.O. Box 365 Lawton, OK 73502_036i Tet: (580) 248-4844 Fax: (580) 248_6916 [email protected] etomey tor phint_ifs prof. petcr Erlinder, Director, Intcmational Humaniurian Law Wm. Mitcbell College g7i of Law SummitAve Sr.paul, MN 55t05 651_290_6384

Kurt p. Kerns, KS Bar #1502g-q;;b, Manr itp"ilI:rn_ anJ r.r.c. wicbita, KS 67202 . 3t6_265_551I [email protected]

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