DOCSLIB.ORG

Geology As a Component of Vineyard Terroir in the Western Cape Province, South Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Geology As a Component of Vineyard Terroir in the Western Cape Province, South Africa GEOLOGY AS A COMPONENT OF VINEYARD TERROIR IN THE WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA CHRIS BARGMANN CGeol FGS, CAPE WINE MASTER 35th IGC, CAPE TOWN AUGUST 2016 The South African Wine Industry Vines first grown in Cape Town in 1659 by the Dutch East India Company. 2015 wine grape vineyards 98,597 ha (Australia 148 000 ha). Most planted varietals (2015) - Chenin Blanc, Colombard, Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz. Less regulation since 1985 – new viticultural areas developed (Elgin, Hamel en Aarde, Darling), less dependence on the co-operative winery system, more experimentation with cultivars, soils and sites. Post 1994 – international markets available, however wines received a mixed reception. Today a combination of a better understanding of local Terroir, replanting with varietals to match vineyard sites, increasing numbers of “old vine” & site specific wines and a new generation of progressive winemakers has resulted in South Africa’s wines attracting both local and international acclaim. Grape Varietals and Growing Areas 2000 2005 2010 2015 Wine Grape (Ha) 105,566 101,607 101,016 98,597 2015 Figures Red:White 36:64 46:54 44:56 45:55 SAWIS District Ha % of total % Red % White Stellenbosch 15,911 16.1 22.0 11.0 Chenin Blanc % 24.1 18.8 18.3 18.2 Paarl 15,678 15.9 21.0 12.0 Colombar % 12.2 11.3 11.9 12.0 Robertson 14,264 14.47 13.0 16.0 Sauvignon Blanc % 5.7 7.5 9.5 9.4 Swartland 13,315 13.5 18.0 10.0 Chardonnay % 6.4 7.8 8.2 7.2 Breedekloof 13,029 13.21 11.0 15.0 Olifants River 10,263 10.41 7.0 13.0 Cab Sauvignon % 9.5 13.4 12.2 11.3 Worcester 8,824 8.95 7.0 11.0 Shiraz % 6.0 9.6 10.0 10.5 Northern Cape 4,687 4.75 1.0 8.0 Pinotage % 7.0 6.4 6.2 7.5 Klein Karoo 2,625 2.66 1.0 4.0 Merlot % 5.2 6.8 6.4 6.0 Cinsault % 3.7 2.8 2.0 1.9 Pinot Noir % 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.1 45% Red : 55% White South African Wine of Origin system comprises; 6 Regions (largest) – 24 Districts – 63 wards (smallest) Western Cape Province – Wine Regions From www.sawis.co.za Western Cape Province – Wine Districts From www.sawis.co.za Western Cape Province – Wine Wards From www.sawis.co.za Terroir in the Western Cape Province Climate - Winter rainfall area, Diurnal temperature variation, Sea breezes, Soil – Structure, Drainage, Water retention ability, Alluvial gravels. Geology – Granite – acid soils + kaolin, Shale – better structured soils, Karoo – calcareous soils. Aspect – Altitude, Slope orientation, Warm or cool slopes - sunlight exposure, Wind exposure. Plus - Viticulture and Winemaking practices Western Cape Province Terroir – Climate From www.wosa.co.za Western Cape Province Terroir – Rainfall From www.capewatersolutions.co.za Western Cape Province Terroir – Aspect & Topography Altitude Sunlight exposure, Exposure to sea breezes Western Cape Province Terroir – Geology Late Proterozoic – Malmesbury Group. Marine sediments, predominantly shaley, some conglomerates rare limestone's. Cambrian – Cape Granite Suite. Cambrian – Klipheuwel Group. Shale and conglomerate. Middle Ordovician to Early Carboniferous – Cape Supergroup. Table Mountain Group sandstones, Bokkeveld Group sandstones & shales, Witteberg Group sandstones & shales Late Carboniferous to Permian – Karoo Supergroup. Dwyka tillite, Ecca Group shales Upper Jurassic– Uitenhage Group. Enon conglomerate Early Cretaceous – False Bay Dolerites Western Cape Province Terroir – Geology Alluvial soils and terraces. Residual soils, often loams and duplex types. Formation of kaolin and saprolites within granites. Formation of calcareous deposits within soils in dryer areas. Aeolian soils. River gravels and soil formation have been ongoing for the whole Cenozoic, resulting in soils of great antiquity. Western Cape Province Terroir – Geology Wine region / district Age Supergroup Group Formation Main rocktypes Major geological events Cainozoic Residual soils, alluvium, scree Early Cretaceous (False Bay Dolerites Dyke Swarm) Dolerite 136 Ma U Jurassic - E Cretaceous Kirkwood Formation Sandstone, shale, bentonite Gondwana age faulting Uitenhage Group 139-123 Ma Enon Formation Conglomerate Major unconformity Permian Waterford Formation Sandstone, siltstone, shale, mudstone Cape Orogeny - Cape Fold Belt (275 - 265 Ma) Tierberg Formation Shale, claystone, mudstone, siltstone Ecca Group Collingham Formation Shale, siltstone, mudstone, tuff Karoo Supergroup Whitehall Formation Shale, tuff Prince Albert Formation Shale Late Carboniferous - Permian Dwyka Group Diamictite (302 - 290 Ma) Glaciation, major unconformity Middle Devonian - Early Carboniferous Waaipoort Formation Shale, mudstone, siltstone (387 - 327 Ma) Floriskraal Formation Sandstone, siltstone, sandy shale Kweekvlei Formation Shale, siltstone Witteberg Group Witpoort Formation Sandstone Swartruggens Formation Siltstone, mudstone, sandstone Blinkberg Formation Sandstone Wagen Drift Formation Siltstone, sandy shale, mudstone, sandstone Early Devonian - Mid Devonian Karoopoort Formation Siltstone, sandy shale (409 - 387 Ma) Osberg formation Sandstone, Klipbokkop Formation Siltstone, mudstone, sandstone Wuppertal Formation Sandstone, siltstone, shale Waboomberg Formation Siltstone, shale, mudstone, sandstone Bokkeveld Group Boplaas Formation Sandstone Cape Supergroup Tra-Tra Formation Shale, mudstone, siltstone, sandstone KLEINREGION KAROO Hex River Formation Sandstone Voorstehoek Formation Mudstone, shale, siltstone BREEDERIVER REGION Gamka Formation Sandstone, siltstone Gydo Formation Shale, mudstone, siltstone OLIFANTSRIVERREGION Mid Ordovician - Early Devonian Rietvlei Formation Sandstone, siltstone, shale (450 - 409 Ma) Skurweberg Formation Sandstone Goudini Formation Sandstone, siltstone, shale Cederberg Formation Shale Table Mountain Group Glaciation Pakhuis Formation Diamictite, sandstone Peninsula Formation Sandstone Graafwater Formation Sandstone, siltstone, shale Piekenierskloof Formation Sandstone, conglomerate Major unconformity CAPESOUTHCOAST REGION Middle Cambrian Populierbos Formation Mudstone Kilpheuwel Group (520 - 510 Ma) Magrug Formation Conglomerate, sandstone Early - Middle Cambrian Igneous activity Cape Granite Suite Granite, Granodiorite, Gabbro, Diorite (550 - 515 Ma) Late Proterozoic - Early Cambrian Brandwacht Formation Greywacke, conglomerate, volcanics Saldanian Orogeny (780 - 550 Ma) Porterville Formation Shale, greywacke, minot limestone Norree Formation Greywacke, quartzite, minor limestone, dolomite Piketberg Formation Grit, conglomerate, greywacke Franschhoek Formation Conglomerate, quartzite Malmesbury Group COASTALREGION Tygerberg Formation Greywacke, shale, siltstone, quartzite Bridgetown Formation Moorreesberg Formation Greywacke Klipplaat Formation Quartz schist Berg River Formation Mica schist, greywacke Western Cape Province Terroir – Geology Western Cape Province Terroir – Geology High rainfall in the west. Dry in the east. Heat summation decreases 550 mm northwest - southeast 2249 degree days Large diurnal variation in the south with breezes from SE and mist forming in the river valley. Varied geology, calcareous 200 mm 780 mm soils and alluvial. 1980 degree days 2076 degree days 280 mm 2181 degree days 327 mm 1968 degree days Western Cape Province Terroir – Geology Tulbagh Durbanville Darling Malmesbury Group Western Cape Province Terroir – Geology Paarl Pluton Cape Pluton – Kaolin formation Kuils River – Helderberg Pluton – Hornfels shale hills on pluton edge Cape Granite Suite Western Cape Province Terroir – Geology Elgin Hamel en Aarde Valley Elgin Bokkeveld Group Western Cape Province Terroir – Geology Nuy – Robertson – Cretaceous Enon Conglomerate Permian Dwyka Tillite based red soil based red soil Karoo and Uitenhage Groups Western Cape Province Terroir – Geology Breede River Valley Cape Pluton Soils Western Cape Province Terroir – Geological Influences Granite – Acidic, clay rich soils. Kaolin locally significant. Malmesbury Group – Shale / greywacke dominated. Acidic, clay rich soils. Hornfels important on pluton edges, rare limestone's present. Table Mountain Group – Sandstones rarely used for vineyards. TMS derived sand is a common component in many vineyard soils. Breede River Region - Loamy calcareous soils, associated with Bokkeveld & Witteberg shales, Dwyka tillite and Enon conglomerate. Only area with significant alkaline soils. River gravels commonly utilised in dryer areas where irrigation water is available. Topography, altitude and slope orientation Western Cape Province Terroir – Geological Influences Shiraz – Granite preference? Merlot, Chenin Blanc – Shale preference? A Personal Selection of Terroir Driven Western Cape Wine Producers Note: Not all vineyards are open to the public, check before visiting. Constantia - Cape Point Vineyards. Cape Granite based soils, on south facing slopes of the Constantiaberg. Unique south facing setting. Sauvignon Blanc. Durbanville – Diemersdal Estate. Malmesbury shale based soils in the Durbanville hills. Cooling Atlantic sea breezes contribute to the iconic Sauvignon Blanc. Stellenbosch – Kanonkop Estate. Granite based soils on the western slopes of the Simonsberg. Benchmark South African Pinotage, also Cabernet Sauvignon. (also - Hartenberg, Tokara, Vergelegen) Elgin - Paul Cluver. Bokkeveld shales in the upland Elgin valley. Cooler climate apple growing area. Chardonnay and Pinot Noir. Hemel en Aarde Valley – Hamilton Russell Vineyards. Pioneer producer from the 1980’s. Bokkeveld shales, breezes from the Walker Bay. Pinot Noir and Chardonnay. (also – Strandveld (Elim)) A Personal Selection of Terroir Driven Western Cape Wine Producers
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Late Harvest Post ’94 Policy & Its Implications in the Hex River Valley
    WITS SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM A Late Harvest Post ’94 policy & its implications in the Hex River Valley Lisa Steyn 402396 1 ABSTRACT: This report presents research into policy implications in the Hex River Valley in the Western Cape Province. The research aims to understand how key policy interventions introduced by the democratic national government have performed over the past 20 years in this specific geographic area. The policy examined relate specifically to of agriculture, labour, housing, land reform, black economic empowerment, and substance abuse. The findings show mixed results. Some policy has gone a long way in improving the lives of people in the valley. In other instances it has been woefully inadequate. Often, policy is simply unable to keep up with the changing landscape and the new problems that continue to develop. All the while the table grape industry at the heart of this settlement has proved to be incredibly flexible in adapting. This report consists of two sections. The first is a long-form journalistic piece presenting the research and its findings in a narrative writing style which is intended to engage the reader. The second section is the scholarly methods document sets out the academic research supporting this work. It also analyses on the manner in which the research was conducted and the reasons therefore. 2 Contents SECTION ONE: Long-form report...…………………………….page 3 Chapter 1: Calm Palms………………………………………………page 3 Chapter 2: Ugly faces………………………………………………..page 5 Chapter 3: Broken trust…………………………………………….page 7 Chapter 4: The works………………………………………………..page 9 Chapter 5: House proud…………………………………………...page 11 Chapter 6: Getting lucky……………………………………….…..page 14 Chapter 7: Moedeloos………………………………………………page 15 Chapter 8: Cakes and crumbs…………………………………...page 17 Chapter 9: Make it rain……………………………………………..page 19 Chapter 10: The fall guy…………………………………………….page 21 Chapter 11: Bulls and bears………………………………………page 22 Chapter 12: Seeing red……………………………………………..page 23 SECTION TWO: Methods Document ………………………….page 24 Introduction…………………………………………………………….
    [Show full text]
  • Water Use Efficiency of Table and Wine Grapes in Western Cape, South Africa
    Water use efficiency of table and wine grapes in Western Cape,South Africa The spatial and temporal variation of water use efficiency in grape cultivation using remote sensing technology WaterWatch BV Final report, 15 October 2008 Table of content Table of content 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background..............................................................................................................1 1.2 The study areas ........................................................................................................2 2 SATELLITE DATA AND LAND COVER MAPPING ........................................................... 5 2.1 Satellite data............................................................................................................5 2.2 Brief description of the method....................................................................................6 2.3 Land cover mapping ..................................................................................................8 2.3.1 Field work..............................................................................................................8 2.3.2 Land cover classification...........................................................................................9 3 METEOROLOGICAL DATA .........................................................................................13 3.1 Meteorological datasets...........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Different Environmental Factors on the Performance of Sauvignon Blanc Grapevines in the Stellenbosch/Durbanville Districts of South Africa
    Effect of Different Environmental Factors on the Performance of Sauvignon blanc Grapevines in the Stellenbosch/Durbanville Districts of South Africa. I. Geology, Soil, Climate, Phenology and Grape Composition W.J. Conradie1, V.A. Carey1*, V. Bonnardot2, D. Saayman3 and L. H. van Schoor1 1) ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa 2) ARC Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa 3) Distell, Box 184, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa Submitted for publication: June 2002 Accepted for publication: August 2002 Key words: Geology, soil, climate, terroir, grapevine, phenology, growth, yield, must analysis A study in five commercial Sauvignon blanc vineyards, grown at different localities in the Western Cape of South Africa, was carried out over a period of seven years. These localities (four within the district of Stellenbosch and one in Durbanville) were within a radius of 15 km and underlain by different geological formations. Two experimental plots, representing different soil forms, were identified at each locality. In some cases soils could be related to the s Grapevine . materials l geologica f o s mixture m fro d develope s soil e th s case r othe n i t bu , materials t paren g underlyin were not irrigated and root distribution was mostly affected by factors such as soil moisture, compacted layers and percentage stone, and not necessarily by geological parent material. Relatively good root distribution was obtained for at least one soil from each parent material (granite, hornfels, shale). Management practices, such as liming and fertilisation, changed the chemical properties of the soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Freshwater Fishes
    WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE state oF BIODIVERSITY 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction 2 Chapter 2 Methods 17 Chapter 3 Freshwater fishes 18 Chapter 4 Amphibians 36 Chapter 5 Reptiles 55 Chapter 6 Mammals 75 Chapter 7 Avifauna 89 Chapter 8 Flora & Vegetation 112 Chapter 9 Land and Protected Areas 139 Chapter 10 Status of River Health 159 Cover page photographs by Andrew Turner (CapeNature), Roger Bills (SAIAB) & Wicus Leeuwner. ISBN 978-0-620-39289-1 SCIENTIFIC SERVICES 2 Western Cape Province State of Biodiversity 2007 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Andrew Turner [email protected] 1 “We live at a historic moment, a time in which the world’s biological diversity is being rapidly destroyed. The present geological period has more species than any other, yet the current rate of extinction of species is greater now than at any time in the past. Ecosystems and communities are being degraded and destroyed, and species are being driven to extinction. The species that persist are losing genetic variation as the number of individuals in populations shrinks, unique populations and subspecies are destroyed, and remaining populations become increasingly isolated from one another. The cause of this loss of biological diversity at all levels is the range of human activity that alters and destroys natural habitats to suit human needs.” (Primack, 2002). CapeNature launched its State of Biodiversity Programme (SoBP) to assess and monitor the state of biodiversity in the Western Cape in 1999. This programme delivered its first report in 2002 and these reports are updated every five years. The current report (2007) reports on the changes to the state of vertebrate biodiversity and land under conservation usage.
    [Show full text]
  • Tulbagh Renosterveld Project Report
    BP TULBAGH RENOSTERVELD PROJECT Introduction The Cape Floristic Region (CFR) is the smallest and richest floral kingdom of the world. In an area of approximately 90 000km² there are over 9 000 plant species found (Goldblatt & Manning 2000). The CFR is recognized as one of the 33 global biodiversity hotspots (Myers, 1990) and has recently received World Heritage Status. In 2002 the Cape Action Plan for the Environment (CAPE) programme identified the lowlands of the CFR as 100% irreplaceable, meaning that to achieve conservation targets all lowland fragments would have to be conserved and no further loss of habitat should be allowed. Renosterveld , an asteraceous shrubland that predominantly occurs in the lowland areas of the CFR, is the most threatened vegetation type in South Africa . Only five percent of this highly fragmented vegetation type still remains (Von Hase et al 2003). Most of these Renosterveld fragments occur on privately owned land making it the least represented vegetation type in the South African Protected Areas network. More importantly, because of the fragmented nature of Renosterveld it has a high proportion of plants that are threatened with extinction. The Custodians of Rare and Endangered Wildflowers (CREW) project, which works with civil society groups in the CFR to update information on threatened plants, has identified the Tulbagh valley as a high priority for conservation action. This is due to the relatively large amount of Renosterveld that remains in the valley and the high amount of plant endemism. The CAPE program has also identified areas in need of fine scale plans and the Tulbagh area falls within one of these: The Upper Breede River planning domain.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Cape Provincial Crime Analysis Report 2015/16
    Western Cape Provincial Crime Analysis Report 2015/16 Analysis of crime based on the 2015/16 crime statistics issued by the South African Police Service on the 2nd of September 2016 Department of Community Safety Provincial Secretariat for Safety and Security CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION AND CONTEXTUAL BACKGROUND 2 1.1 Limitations of crime statistics 2 2. METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH 3 3. KEY FINDINGS: 2014/15 - 2015/16 4 4. CONTACT CRIME ANALYSIS 6 4.1 Murder 6 4.2 Attempted murder 10 4.3 Total sexual crimes 13 4.4 Assault GBH 15 4.5 Common assault 18 4.6 Common robbery 20 4.7 Robbery with aggravating circumstances 22 4.8 Summary of violent crime in the Province 25 5. PROPERTY-RELATED CRIME 26 5.1 Burglary at non-residential premises 26 5.2 Burglary at residential premises 29 5.3 Theft of motor vehicle and motorcycle 32 5.4 Theft out of or from motor vehicle 34 5.5 Stock-theft 36 6. SUMMARY: 17 COMMUNITY-REPORTED SERIOUS CRIMES 37 6.1 17 Community-reported serious crimes 37 7. CRIME DETECTED AS A RESULT OF POLICE ACTION 38 7.1 Illegal possession of firearms and ammunition 38 7.2 Drug-related crime 43 7.3 Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs 46 8. TRIO CRIMES 48 8.1 Car-jacking 48 8.2 Robbery at residential premises 50 8.3 Robbery at non-residential premises 53 9. CONCLUSION 56 Western Cape Provincial Crime Analysis Report 1 1. INTRODUCTION AND CONTEXTUAL BACKGROUND The South African Police Service (SAPS) annually releases reported and recorded crime statistics for the preceding financial year i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief History of Wine in South Africa Stefan K
    European Review - Fall 2014 (in press) A brief history of wine in South Africa Stefan K. Estreicher Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1051, USA Vitis vinifera was first planted in South Africa by the Dutchman Jan van Riebeeck in 1655. The first wine farms, in which the French Huguenots participated – were land grants given by another Dutchman, Simon Van der Stel. He also established (for himself) the Constantia estate. The Constantia wine later became one of the most celebrated wines in the world. The decline of the South African wine industry in the late 1800’s was caused by the combination of natural disasters (mildew, phylloxera) and the consequences of wars and political events in Europe. Despite the reorganization imposed by the KWV cooperative, recovery was slow because of the embargo against the Apartheid regime. Since the 1990s, a large number of new wineries – often, small family operations – have been created. South African wines are now available in many markets. Some of these wines can compete with the best in the world. Stefan K. Estreicher received his PhD in Physics from the University of Zürich. He is currently Paul Whitfield Horn Professor in the Physics Department at Texas Tech University. His biography can be found at http://jupiter.phys.ttu.edu/stefanke. One of his hobbies is the history of wine. He published ‘A Brief History of Wine in Spain’ (European Review 21 (2), 209-239, 2013) and ‘Wine, from Neolithic Times to the 21st Century’ (Algora, New York, 2006). The earliest evidence of wine on the African continent comes from Abydos in Southern Egypt.
    [Show full text]
  • PIA Wanhoop Oct 2010
    PALAEONTOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT: DESKTOP STUDY WANHOOP BOREHOLE SCHEME EXTENSION, EDEN DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY, WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE Dr John E. Almond Natura Viva cc, PO Box 12410 Mill Street, CAPE TOWN 8010, RSA [email protected] October 2010 1. SUMMARY The latest phase of the ongoing upgrade of the water supply for Willowmore (Eastern Cape Province) involves several small developments c. 35km to the south of town on the farm Wanhoop in the adjacent Eden District Municipality. The proposed new water pipelines will involve excavations of up to one and a half metres depth but the Devonian to Cretaceous bedrocks and younger superficial sediments affected – viz. the Baviaanskloof Formation (Table Mountain Group), Buffelskloof Formation (Uitenhage Group) and Quaternary alluvium - are mostly of low palaeontological sensitivity. Installation of new powerlines and a short section of new access road are unlikely to involve extensive bedrock excavations and are not regarded as palaeontologically significant. It is concluded that the proposed water supply developments on Wanhoop will not substantially compromise palaeontological heritage and there are therefore no objections to approval on these grounds, nor is any specialist palaeontological mitigation required. However, any substantial fossil remains - such as bones, teeth or dense accumulations of shells or plants – that are exposed during excavations should be reported to Heritage Western Cape and / or a qualified palaeontologist for formal collection and documentation. 2. PROJECT OUTLINE & BRIEF As part of the ongoing upgrade of the water supply for the town of Willowmore (Eastern Cape Province) several proposed developments will take place on the remainder of Wanhoop 19, Wanhoop Farm in the adjacent Eden District Municipality, Western Cape Province, approximately c.
    [Show full text]
  • Groundtruthing Establishing a Citizen Science
    GROUNDTRUTHING ESTABLISHING A CITIZEN SCIENCE GROUNDWATER MONITORING NETWORK IN CAPE TOWN !1 © iStock Funder: This project was funded by WWF’s partner, AB InBev Author: GEOSS South Africa (Report number 2019/11-02) GEOSS South Africa is an earth science and groundwater consulting company that specialises in all aspects of groundwater development and management. geoss.co.za Reviewers: Julian Conrad (GEOSS), Dale Barrow (GEOSS), Klaudia Schachtschneider (WWF) Text editing: Marlene Rose Cover photo: © iStock Citation: WWF. 2020. Groundtruthing: Establishing a citizen science groundwater monitoring network in Cape Town. WWF South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa. © Text 2020 WWF South Africa If you would like to share copies of this paper, please do so in this printed or electronic PDF format. Available online at wwf.org.za/report/groundtruthing Published in 2020 by WWF – World Wide Fund for Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund), Cape Town, South Africa. Any reproduction in full or in part must mention the title and credit the abovementioned publisher as the copyright owner. For more information, contact: Klaudia Schachtschneider Email: [email protected] or Email: [email protected] WWF is one of the world’s largest and most experienced independent conservation organisations with over 6 million supporters and a global network active in more than 100 countries. WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by conserving the world’s biological diversity, ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable, and promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption.
    [Show full text]
  • Cederberg-IDP May 2020 – Review 2020-2021
    THIRD REVIEW: 2020/2021 MAY 2020 SECTIONS REVISED THIRD REVISION TO THE FOURTH GENERATION IDP ................... 0 3.8. INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS ................................. 67 FOREWORD BY THE EXECUTIVE MAYOR.................................. 2 3.9. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) ...... 68 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FROM THE MUNICIPAL MANAGER AND IMPORTANT MESSAGE ABOUT COVID-19 ................................. 4 CHAPTER 4: STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES AND PROJECT ALIGNMENT .. 71 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................... 5 4.1 IMPROVE AND SUSTAIN BASIC SERVICE DELIVERY AND CHAPTER I: STATEMENT OF INTENT ...................................... 9 INFRASTRUCTURE .................................................... 73 1.1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................... 9 A. Water B. Electricity 1.2. THE FOURTH (4TH) GENERATION IDP .............................. 10 C. Sanitation D. Refuse removal / waste management 1.3. THE IDP AND AREA PLANS ........................................... 11 E. Roads F. Comprehensive Integrated Municipal Infrastructure Plan 1.4. POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE CONTEXT ................................ 11 G. Stormwater H. Integrated Infrastructure Asset Management Plan 1.5. STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK OF THE IDP .............................. 13 I. Municipal Infrastructure Growth Plan 1.6. VISION, MISSION, VALUES ............................................ 14 4.2 FINANCIAL VIABILITY AND ECONOMICALLY SUSTAINABILITY .... 87 1.7. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES ............................................
    [Show full text]
  • Breede River Basin Study. Groundwater Assessment
    DEPARTMENT OF WATER AFFAIRS AND FORESTRY BREEDE RIVER BASIN STUDY GROUNDWATER ASSESSMENT Final MAY 2003 Groundwater Consulting Services P O Box 2597 Rivonia 2128 Tel : +27 11 803 5726 Fax : +27 11 803 5745 e-mail : [email protected] This report is to be referred to in bibliographies as : Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa. 2003. Groundwater Assessment. Prepared by G Papini of Groundwater Consulting Services as part of the Breede River Basin Study. DWAF Report No. PH 00/00/2502. BREEDE RIVER BASIN STUDY GROUNDWATER ASSESSMENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The objectives of this study were to assess the significance and distribution of groundwater resources in the Breede River catchment, estimate the amount of abstraction and degree of stress it may be causing and to indicate the scope for further development of groundwater resources. This was achieved by a review of all available literature and obtaining yields and quantities from all significant schemes. The characterisation of important aquifers and assessment of the groundwater balance (recharge versus consumption) allowed for identification of further groundwater potential. The geohydrology of the Breede River catchment is controlled by the occurrence of the rocks of the Table Mountain Group (which form the mountainous areas), the occurrence of high levels of faulting and folding in the syntaxis area of the upper catchment and the variable rainfall, being highest in the mountainous areas in the west. These factors result in a catchment with highest groundwater potential in the west, where recharge, yields and abstraction potential are greatest and the quality is the best. As a result of these factors, the western half of the catchment is also the area with the greatest groundwater use.
    [Show full text]
  • SLR CV Template
    CURRICULUM VITAE ELOISE COSTANDIUS SENIOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT Environmental Management, Planning & Approvals, South Africa QUALIFICATIONS Pr.Sci.Nat. 2010 Professional Natural Scientist (Environmental Science) with the South African Council for Natural Scientific Professions MSc 2005 Ecological Assessment BSc (Hons) 2002 Zoology BSc 2001 Biodiversity and Ecology, Botany, Zoology z EXPERTISE Eloise has worked as an environmental assessment practitioner since 2005 and has been involved in a number of projects covering a range of environmental Environmental Impact disciplines, including Basic Assessments, Environmental Impact Assessments, Assessment Environmental Management Programmes, Maintenance Management Plans, Public Participation Environmental Control Officer services and Public Consultation and Facilitation. In Environmental Auditing her 12 years as a consultant, she has gained experience in projects relating to oil Terrestrial Fauna and gas exploration, road infrastructure, renewable energy and housing and Assessment industrial developments. The majority of her work has been based in South Africa, but she also has experience working in Namibia and Mauritius. In addition, she has also undertaken a number of terrestrial fauna assessments as part of EIA specialist teams. PROJECTS Oil and Gas Spectrum Geo Ltd – Proposed EMP process for a Reconnaissance Permit Application to acquire 2D seismic data 2D Speculative Seismic Survey in a large area off the South-West and South coast of South Africa. Eloise was the off the South-West and South project manager and compiled the EMP report, undertook the required public Coast, South Africa (2018) participation process and managed the appointed specialists. Spectrum Geo Ltd - Proposed EMP process for a Reconnaissance Permit Application to acquire 2D seismic data 2D Speculative Seismic Survey within a large offshore area off the South and Southwest coast of South Africa.
    [Show full text]