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Review of Forests, Wood Products and Wood Biotechnology of Iran and Germany The cooperation between Iranian and German scientists is one of the most Ali Reza Kharazipour, Christian Schöpper important topics of the special program “German-Arabian/Iranian Education Dialogue” which is funded by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). and Cora Müller (Ed.) Within the scope of this special program an exchange between young scientists of Iran and Germany took place. The book contains sessions and talks of Review of Forests, Wood Products junior scientists of both countries in research fields of forestry, wood science and wood biotechnology. and Wood Biotechnology of Iran and Germany - Part II Kharazipour/Schöpper/Müller (Ed.) Review of Forests of Review (Ed.) Kharazipour/Schöpper/Müller ISBN 978-3-940344-21-2 Universitätsdrucke Göttingen Universitätsdrucke Göttingen Ali Reza Kharazipour, Christian Schöpper and Cora Müller (Ed.) Review of Forests, Wood Products and Wood Biotechnology of Iran and Germany – Part II erschienen in der Reihe der Universitätsdrucke im Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2008 Ali Reza Kharazipour, Christian Schöpper and Cora Müller (Ed.) Review of Forests, Wood Products and Wood Biotechnology of Iran and Germany – Part II Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2008 Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.ddb.de> abrufbar. Address of the editors Prof. Dr. Ali Reza Kharazipour [email protected] Dr. Christian Schöpper [email protected] Dr. Cora Müller [email protected] Büsgen-Institute Department of Forest Botany Büsgenweg 2 37077 Göttingen GFDC: 945.3 Erziehung, Ausbildung, Fortbildung 97 Internationale Forstpolitik und internationale Zusammenarbeit (430) Deutschland (55) Iran This work is protected by German Intellectual Property Right Law. It is also available as an Open Access version through the publisher’s homepage and the Online Catalogue of the State and University Library of Goettingen (http://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de). Users of the free online version are invited to read, download and distribute it. Users may also print a small number for educational or private use. However they may not sell print versions of the online book. Satz und Layout: Cora Müller Titelabbildung : privat © 2008 Universitätsverlag Göttingen http://univerlag.uni-goettingen.de ISBN: 978-3-940344-21-2 Preface The present book shows our research activities in the joined project “Deutsch- Arabisch/Iranischer Hochschuldialog” of the year 2007. The project is financed by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) with funds of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In this book the common research themes on which the Iranian and German young scientists and scientists of both countries work are summarised. It sheds light on the various research approaches between both countries, which are accomplished in continuative cooperations between science and industry in Iran and Germany. We want to thank all people in Iran and Germany who made and make this joined project and the continuative cooperation possible. My special thanks go to Dr. Asareh, Dr. Farahpour as well as the partnership authorised person in Iran Mr. M. Sc. Hossein Hosseinkhani from the Research Institute for Forests and Rangelands, Teheran for their engagement to continue this project. Thereby also the second year of our intention has contributed to the achievement of the commonly verbalised aims. Beyond I want to thank all colleagues from the University of Mazandaran, Sari for their cooperation. The project was financed by the Department of Foreign Affairs in the context of the „Europäisch/Islamischen Kulturdialog“ (EIK). My special thanks go to the German Academic Exchange Service. Without its engagement and organisation this project would not have been realisable. For the support and the organisation of the conducted events and conferences I would like to thank Dr. C. Müller, Dr. C. Schöpper as well as Dr. Kai Ludwig from the Büsgen-Institute, Department of Forest Botany and Molecular Wood Biotechnology, University of Göttingen. For the participation of different events in Germany I thank all institutes from the Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology and our industry partners. Special thanks go to the director of the Büsgen-Institute, Prof. U. Kües and to Prof. A. Polle, leader of the department Forest Botany for their support and the good cooperation. The project leader thanks all who have contributed to this project with their speeches and/ or attendance. I wish that many readers are interested in this book and that the good German-Iranian cooperation in the past will be continued in the future. Göttingen, January 2008. Project director Prof. Dr. Alireza Kharazipour Table of contents M. Euring, C. Müller, A. Kharazipour Application of mediators in enzymatical activation of fiberself cohesions for the production of enzyme-bonded, binder-free derived timber products - Methods and Results....................................................................................................................... 5 C. Kiffner, T. Vor, F. Rühe Surveillance of emerging arthropod-borne-viruses in wildlife species in Germany.21 U. Rüping, B. Möhring A concept for the calculation of financial compensations caused by changing the forest management strategy- particularly with regard to water protection..........33 C. Schöpper, A. Kharazipour Production of innovative hemp based three-layered particleboards with reduced raw densities and low formaldehyde emissions .......................................................45 H. Vos, A. Kharazipour Investigations on the utilization of grand fir timber and beech timber from nature- orientated forest stands for the production of innovative particle- and fiberboards.....................................................................................................................61 A. Firozjaii, A. Rezanejad Protective treatment of wood in order to increase the safety of wooden vessels and port equipment ......................................................................................................71 H. Familian, A. Kharazipour, H. Hosseinkhani Investigation on the anatomical, physical, and chemical characteristics of Ziziphus spina-christi, Z. lotus, Z.mauritiana and Z.nummularia ...................................................85 M. H. Rad The effect of various moisture treatments on water use efficiency (WUE) in Haloxylon plant.............................................................................................................101 A. Rezanejad, D. Parsapajouh, H. a. Firozjaii Resistance of Teak, Yellow Balau, Chengal and Keruing woods against marine borers attacks in Bandar Abbas (Persian Gulf) coasts..........................................119 A. Salahi, M. H. Asareh Iran and its natural resources features ...........................................................................127 B. Yousefi, M. H. Assarehad, A. R. Modir-Rahmati Compatibility experiment of 14 black poplar varieties (Populus nigra) for introducing of superior varieties in Kurdistan (Iran), (First 5 years)..................147 F. Askari Essential Oil of Pimpinella species in Iran......................................................................165 F. Golbabaei, H. Hosseinkhani, K. Salehi Variation in mechanical properties of Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) wood in Asalem northwestern of Caspian Forests (Northwestern of Iran).....................185 Application of mediators in enzymatical activation of fiberself cohesions for the production of enzyme-bonded, binder-free derived timber products – Methods and Results Markus Euring, Cora Müller, Alireza Kharazipour Faculty of Forest Science and Forest Ecology, Georg-August-Universtity of Göttingen, Büsgen-Institute, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen E-Mail: [email protected] 6 Introduction The industry of derived timber products is one of the main consumers for binders, which consist conventionally of petrocemical components. The most common are urea-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldeyde resins as well as diisocyanates. By producing derived timber products binders take a bulk of maufacturing costs – for example 25 % according to medium density fiberboards (MDF). Facing fossil resources become more and more rare and expensive it represents a very high expense factor. Therefore a substitution of petrochemical binders by activating the wood fibers cohesions on its own seems to be very important for the derived timber product industries ecology and economy. Of the regenerating raw materials (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, strength, protein, etc.) the lignin is the crucial factor for inner strength of the wood. Otherwise the hardly accessible lignin can be decomposed in nature by enzymes of certain funghi. This non-chemical reaction is used as basic principle to re- activate the lignin on a natural way as "adhesive" for the production for binder- free derived timber products. Experiments have shown that the enzymatical activation of lignin is suiTable as bonding agent for derived timber products in principle. The activation runs so much the better, the lignin is more “nature-left”, what means that the less changes at its chemical structure were made. Relatively favorable conditions of this kind are given also with the today usual production of wood fibers in the so called “Refiner procedure". Therefore the enzymatical activation of the lignin is suiTable particularly well for the production of fiber boards in
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