Zootaxa 3964 (5): 561–568 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3964.5.6 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:02F127C7-E4F9-4C91-A031-FB4C576D37E1

New records of the genus Clistopyga Gravenhorst, 1829 (: : ) from the Oriental region, with description of a new species

OLEKSANDR VARGA1 & ALEXEY RESHCHIKOV2 1Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences, Ukraine. E-mail:[email protected] 2Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

A new species, Clystopyga longifemoralis Varga & Reshchikov sp. n., is described and illustrated from Thailand. Clisto- pyga latifrontalis (Uchida, 1941) is re-described and illustrated. Clistopyga nagatomii Kusigemati, 1984 is considered to be a junior synonym of C. sziladyi Kiss, 1959 (syn. nov) and also recorded from India for the first time.

Key words: , synonymy, taxonomy, new records, Thailand, India

Introduction

Clistopyga Gravenhorst, 1829 is a moderately large genus of the tribe Ephialtini (Pimplinae), with 37 currently recognised species (Yu et al. 2012, Bordera et al. 2014). The Clistopyga fauna of the Nearctic and Neotropical regions is the most diverse with a total of 19 and 15 species respectively and with 1 shared species, C. nigrifrons Cushman, 1922 (Gauld et al. 1998, Khalaim & Hernandez 2008, Yu et al. 2012, Bordera et al. 2014). In the Afrotropical region C. africana Benoit 1956 and C. incitator (Fabricius, 1796) (which also occur in Palaearctic region) are known (Yu et al. 2012). Before the current study eight species of Clistopyga were known from the Palaearctic region including C. canadensis Provancher, 1880, which has a Holarctic distribution, and two species were known from the Oriental region; C. latifrontalis (Uchida, 1941), recorded from China (Uchida 1941) and C. nagatomii Kusigemati, 1984, recorded from Thailand (Kusigemati 1984). The biology of Clistopyga species is still rather obscure, one species apparently develops by feeding on a spider in a Polysphincta-like manner (Wahl & Gauld 1998) whereas others may feed in egg sacs, after subduing the spider guarding them (Fitton et al. 1988). The hosts of Clistopyga species seem to be the Clubionidae, or families with rather similar habits such as the Dysderidae (Gauld et al. 2002). The original description and our examination of the type material of C. nagatomii Kusigemati 1984 have shown this species to be a junior synonym of C. sziladyi Kiss, 1959, a species which also occurs in the Palaearctic region. In this study we provide additional records of the genus Clistopyga from the Oriental region; a new species, C. longifemoralis Varga & Reshchikov sp. n. is described, C. latifrontalis (Uchida, 1941) is re-described from Thailand, and C. sziladyi is recorded in India for the first time.

Material and methods

This work is based on material collected by the TIGER project a collaborative effort between staff at Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden (QSBG), the Thai Forestry Group, the Hymenoptera Institute of the University of Kentucky, and the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Comparisons with other Clistopyga species were based on the original descriptions and key (Uchida 1941; Kusigemati 1984, 1985), along with the type material of C. nagatomii

Accepted by J. Jennings: 11 May 2015; published: 5 Jun. 2015 561 and C. sziladyi, which are deposited in collections of the entomology laboratory of Kagoshima University, Japan (KUIC) and the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Hungary (HNHM) respectively. Specimens of other Palaearctic species studied are deposited in the collections of the Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology (Ukraine), the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi (UAIC) (Romania), the University of Calicut (India), and the Swedish Museum of Natural History (NHRS). Morphological terminology used in the study follows that of Gauld (1991). Images were taken at UAIC using a Leica stereomicroscope 205A with DFC 500 camera, combined with Zerene® software.

Taxonomy

Clistopyga longifemoralis Varga & Reshchikov, sp.n. (Figs 1, 4)

Material examined. Holotype: female, THAILAND, Chiang Mai, Huai Nam Dang NP, Thung Buatong View Point, 19°17.56'N, 98°36.029'E, 31.i–7.ii.2008, Malaise trap, leg. Anuchart & Thawatchai, T5601, QSBG. Paratype: female, Huai Nam Dang NP, 19°18.803'N, 98°36.395'E, 6–7.iii.2008, yellow pan trap, leg. Anuchart & Thawatchai, T5621, QSBG. Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from the other currently described Clistopyga species by a combination of the following characters: face polished and very sparsely punctate; clypeus and eye orbits widely yellow; mesosoma with red and yellow markings; metapleuron smooth, at most very sparsely punctate posteriorly; pleural carina distinct only on anterior 0.7 of mesopleuron; propodeum shining, weakly transversely finely wrinkled anteriorly, otherwise weakly granulate; hind wing with vein Cu1 absent and vein cu-a not intercepted; metasoma closely punctate, reddish-brown; ovipositor upcurved, approximately 1.75–1.8 × length of the hind tibia. This species is close to C. latifrontalis in the coloration of the head and mesosoma, the very sparsely punctate face and the hind wing venation, but differs in more abundant yellow coloration of temple, weaker sculpture on the propodeum, reddish-brown metasoma (yellow banded metasoma in C. latifrontalis), and a longer ovipositor. Description. Female (holotype) (Fig. 1): Body length c.9.5 mm, fore wing length c.6 mm, ovipositor length c.3.6 mm. Head (Figs 1b, c). Antenna with 24 flagellomeres, first flagellomere 1.2 × longer than the second. Diameter of lateral ocellus 1.15 × ocellar-ocular distance. Frons smooth, shining. Face 0.7 × as high as wide, weakly convex medially, smooth, sparsely punctate centrally, with scattered white setae. Clypeus 0.7 × as high as wide, with long setae, its apex almost straight. Malar space 0.7 × the basal width of mandible. Upper tooth of mandible slightly longer than the lower tooth. Occipital carina mediodorsally complete and straight. Temple short, strongly narrowed behind eye. Eye large compared with Palaearctic species. Mesosoma (Figs 1c, d, h). Pronotum smooth, shining. Epomia present. Mesoscutum with short, dense, white setae. Notauli present, strongly impressed on anterior 0.45 of mesoscutum. Scutellum strongly swollen, smooth, with setae as on mesoscutum and lateral carinae absent. Mesopleuron smooth, shining, very sparsely punctate on the lower part, with setae more sparse than on mesoscutum, epicnemial carina present on lower 0.8. Metapleuron smooth, shiny, almost impunctate anteriorly, with isolated punctures and setae on the posterior half. Pleural carina distinct on anterior 0.7. Propodeum with area apicalis delimited only laterally at apex, otherwise smooth, with traces of wrinkles on anterior 0.4 and weakly granulate, lateral and pleural areas with relatively dense white setae, spiracles round. Legs slender, hind leg with femur 4.3 × as long as wide, slightly shorter than the hind tibia, and the third tarsomere 1.1 × as long as fifth. Wings (Fig. 1e). Fore wing with vein 3rs-m absent. Hind wing with vein Cu1 absent, vein cu-a not intercepted. Metasoma (Fig. 1g). Tergites 1–5 closely punctate except for transverse smooth bands apically and concave area at base of first tergite, the remaining tergites sparsely punctate. First tergite about 1.1 × as long as its apical width, with dorsolateral carina complete and dorsal median carina extending to declivity. Second tergite 1.05 × as long as its apical width, basal and apical oblique grooves deep, central rhombic area weakly convex. Tergites 3–6 with two anterolateral sweelings. Ovipositor upcurved, 1.8 × the length of the hind tibia (Fig. 1f), the tip of lower valves with oblique ridges. Colour. Body generally brownish-black. Antenna brownish, except yellow scape and pedicel. Face yellowish

562 · Zootaxa 3964 (5) © 2015 Magnolia Press VARGA & RESHCHIKOV centrally, brownish below antennal sockets and around yellowish central spot. The following body parts marked with cream: inner orbits of eyes widely, clypeus, mandible on basal 0.55, malar space, temple, propleuron above fore coxae, upper and lower margin of pronotum, subtegular ridge, tegula, two anterolateral and central spots on mesoscutum, scutellum laterally, metascutellum. Pronotum black with red marks, mesoscutum red, mesopleuron red-yellowish (except behind subtegular ridge). Legs generally yellow, but coxae and trochanters cream, hind femur with brownish base and subapical spot, hind tibia with apical and indistinct subbasal brownish bands, and tarsomeres apically banded with brownish. Pterostigma brownish. Metasomal tergites dark brown. Ovipositor reddish with its sheaths black.

FIGURE 1. Clistopyga longifemoralis sp. nov., holotype female: a) lateral view of habitus; b) frontal view of head; c) dorsal view of mesoscutum and head; d) lateral view of head and mesosoma; e) wings; f) lateral view of ovipositor; g) dorsal view of metasomal tergites 1–5; h) dorsal view of propodeum.

Variation. Antenna with 23–24 flagellomeres. Propodeum in the paratype weakly transversely wrinkled on its anterior 0.4. First tergite 1.1–1.15 × as long as its apical width. Second tergite 1.0–1.1 × as long as its apical width. Ovipositor 1.75–1.8 × the length of the hind tibia. Male. Unknown. Distribution. Currently known only from Huai Nam Dang National Park of Thailand (Fig. 4).

NEW RECORDS OF THE GENUS CLISTOPYGA Zootaxa 3964 (5) © 2015 Magnolia Press · 563 Ecological note. Both specimens collected in an evergreen forest at an approximate altitude of 1300–1500 m. Etymology. This species is named after the relatively long femora.

Clistopyga latifrontalis (Uchida, 1941) (Figs 2, 4)

Material examined. Female, Thailand, Nan Doi Phu Kha NP, Office 3, 19°12.326'N 101°4.765'E, 1332 m., 15– 22.ii.2008, Malaise trap, leg. Charoen & Nikom, T5455, QSBG; Female, THAILAND, Chiang Mai, Huai Nam Dang NP, Helipad, 19°18.33'N, 98°36.289'E, 14–21.ix.2007, Malaise trap, leg. Anuchart & Thawatchai, T5514, QSBG; Female, same locality as previous specimen, 17–13.iii.2008, Malaise trap, leg. Anuchart & Thawatchai, T5638, QSBG; Female, Thung Buatong View Point, 19°17.56'N, 98°36.029'E, 30.xii–7.i.2008, Malaise trap, leg. Anuchart, T5580, QSBG. Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from other Clistopyga species by a combination of the following characters: face polished and very sparsely punctate; clypeus and eye orbits widely yellow; mesosoma with red and yellow marks; metapleuron smooth, shining, with isolated punctures; pleural carina distinct only on anterior 0.55 of mesopleuron; propodeum smooth, sparsely punctate anteriorly, weakly transversely wrinkled at least centrally and weakly granulate apically; hind wing with vein Cu1 absent, vein cu-a not intercepted; metasomal tergites 2–7 densely punctate, subapically and laterally yellow; ovipositor upcurved, 1–1.2 × the length of the hind tibia. This species is close to C. incitator in coloration of head and mesosoma, but differs in the following characters: Yellow banded metasoma (from red to black, but always without yellow bands in C. incitator); a very sparsely punctate face (closely punctate centrally in C. incitator); vein Cu1 absent and vein cu-a of hind wing not intercepted (vein Cu1 present and vein cu-a of hind wing intercepted below the middle in C. incitator); and slenderer legs. Re-description. (Based on female from T5455) (Fig. 2). Body length c.8.5 mm, fore wing c.5.2 mm, ovipositor length 1.9 mm. Head (Figs 2b, c). Antenna with 22 flagellomeres, first flagellomere about 1.36 × longer than the second. Diameter of lateral ocellus 0.6 × ocellar-ocular distance. Frons smooth, shining, with short, sparse, white setae. Face 0.8 × as high as wide, weakly convex medially, smooth, shining, very sparsely punctate, and with white setae which is more dense and longer than that on the frons. Clypeus 0.6 × as high as wide, weakly swollen basally, its apex thin and almost straight. Malar space 0.75 × basal width of mandible. Mandible with the upper tooth slightly longer than the lower tooth. Occipital carina mediodorsally complete and straight. Temple short, strongly narrowed behind eye. Mesosoma (Figs 2c, d, h). Pronotum smooth, shining. Epomia present. Mesoscutum with short, dense, white setae, notauli present, strongly impressed on the anterior 0.45 of mesoscutum. Scutellum strongly swollen, smooth, with setae as on mesoscutum and lateral carinae absent. Mesopleuron smooth, shiny, impunctate, with sparser setae than that on mesoscutum, epicnemial carina present on lower 0.8. Metapleuron smooth, shining, with isolated punctures and hairs on the upper half. Propodeum with area apicalis delimited only laterally at apex, smooth, very sparsely punctate on anterior 0.4, weakly transversely wrinkled from anterior 0.5–0.7, and weakly granulate apically. Pleural areas with dense long white setae, anterior part with sparser and shorter setae and pleural carina distinct on anterior 0.55. Propodeal spiracle round. Legs slender, hind femur about 4.3 × as long as wide and as long as hind tibia, and third tarsomere 0.95 × as long as the fifth. Wings (Fig. 2e). Fore wing with vein 3rs-m absent. Hind wing with vein Cu1 absent, vein cu-a not intercepted. Metasoma (Fig. 2f). Tergites 1–5 closely punctate except for transverse smooth bands apically and concave area at base of the first tergite. Tergite 6 punctate basally, the rest of the metasoma smooth and almost impunctate. First tergite about 1.25 × as long as its apical width, dorsolateral carina complete, dorsal median carina extending to declivity. Second tergite about 1.1 × as long as its apical width, basal and apical oblique grooves deep with rhombic area weakly convex. Tergites 3–6 with two anterolateral swellings. Ovipositor upcurved, 1.15 × the length of the hind tibia (Fig. 2g). Tip of lower valves with oblique ridges. Colour. Body generally brownish-black. Antenna yellowish. Face brownish centrally, black below antennal sockets. The following body parts marked with yellow: inner orbits of eyes widely, clypeus, mandible on basal 0.55, malar space, propleuron above fore coxae, upper and lower margin of pronotum, subtegular ridge, tegula, two

564 · Zootaxa 3964 (5) © 2015 Magnolia Press VARGA & RESHCHIKOV anterolateral and central spots on mesoscutum, scutellum laterally, metascutellum, mesopleuron above mid coxae. Mesoscutum and mesopleuron red (except behind subtegular ridge). Legs generally yellow, but hind femur slightly darker basally and apically, hind tibia with apical and subbasal brownish bands, and hind tarsomeres apically banded with brownish. Pterostigma brownish. Metasomal tergites 2–7 subapically and laterally yellow. Ovipositor reddish with its sheaths black.

FIGURE 2. Clistopyga latifrontalis, female: a) lateral view of habitus; b) frontal view of head; c) dorsal view of mesoscutum and head; d) lateral view of head and mesosoma; e) wings; f) dorsal view of metasoma; g) lateral view of ovipositor; h) dorsal view of propodeum.

Variation. Antenna with 22–24 flagellomeres. Mesopleuron from smooth and almost impunctate to very sparsely punctate on lower part. Metapleuron from smooth and almost impuncate to sparsely punctate. Propodeum weakly transversely wrinkled from anterior 0.1–0.7, granulation and punctation varies from almost absent to relatively abundant, but is always weak. Subbasal brownish band of hind tibia sometimes extending to the base of

NEW RECORDS OF THE GENUS CLISTOPYGA Zootaxa 3964 (5) © 2015 Magnolia Press · 565 tibia, so hind tibia appears widely fuscous basally. First tergite 1.1–1.25 × as long as its apical width. Second tergite approximately 1.0–1.1 × as long as its apical width. Ovipositor 1–1.2 × the length of the hind tibia. Red coloration of mesosoma variable, but at least mesopleuron and mesoscutum always partly red. Second metasomal tergite in one specimen entirely black. Male. Unknown. Distribution. Currently known from China (Formosa) and Thailand (Huai Nam Dang and Nan Doi Phu Kha National Parks) (Fig. 4). Ecological note. Thai specimens were collected in an evergreen forest at an approximate altitude of between 1330 and 1600 m.

Clistopyga sziladyi Kiss, 1959 (Figs 3, 4)

Clistopyga nagatomii Kusigemati, 1984 syn. nov.

Material examined. C. sziladyi Kiss, 1959, holotype (HNHM); C. nagatomii Kusigemati, 1984, holotype (KUIC); female, INDIA, Kerala, Calicut, Mundoth, 11°44’20.9’’N, 75°69’97.7’’E, sweeping net, 10.x.2013, leg. R. Kondappurath (NHRS); female, same locality as previous specimen (Calicut University, India).

FIGURE 3. Clistopyga spp. C. nagatomii, holotype female: a, b, c, e, f, g; C. sziladyi, European specimen, d: a) lateral view of habitus; b) data labels; c) lateral view of mesosoma; d) lateral view of habitus; e) frontal view of head; f) dorsal view of head and mesoscutum; g) dorsolateral view of metasoma.

566 · Zootaxa 3964 (5) © 2015 Magnolia Press VARGA & RESHCHIKOV FIGURE 4. Distribution map of Clistopyga spp. in the Oriental region: C. longifemoralis sp. n.—circle; C. latifrontalis— square; C. sziladyi—triangle.

Taxon discussion. In 1984 Dr. K. Kusigemati described eleven new Pimplinae species from South East Asia. According to the original description (Kusigemati 1984) C. nagatomii, a species described from Thailand, is similar to C. latifrontalis, but is distinguished by the following features: flagellum with around 17 segments, face strongly punctate, trans-striate frons, mat propodeum with weak median longitudinal carinae, face and thorax entirely black, and different colouration of the metasoma. Clistopyga nagatomii was never compared with Clistopyga species from other geographic regions. Our examination of the holotypes of the European C. sziladyi and the Oriental C. nagatomii have shown that both species are delimited by the same morphological characters: both have a black face which is closely punctate centrally, red hind femora and tibia which are api- cally fuscous, black mesosoma and face, granulate pronotum, metapleuron and propodeum, and reddish cen- tral metasomal tergites. The hind wings in both species have the first abscissa of vein Cu1 approximately 2 × longer than the vein cu-a and vein Cu1 present, but almost unpigmented. Also, the ovipositor is relatively short, upcurved, and 0.95–1 × the length of the hind tibia. We therefore consider C. nagatomii to be a junior synonym (syn. nov.) of C. sziladyi.

Notes about Eastern Palaearctic species

Dr. K. Kusigemati also described three new Clistopyga species from Japan (Kusigemati 1985), C. arctica Kusigemati, 1985, C. emphera Kusigemati, 1985, C. rugulosa Kusigemati, 1985. According to Kusigemati (1985) all three species have similar coloration: body generally black, head and mesosoma with yellow marks, hind tibia yellow anteriorly and fuscous apically. Clistopyga rugulosa is distinguished from the other two species by having yellow eye orbits, a strongly and densely punctate face and metasoma, fore and middle coxae which are brownish basally, and a propodeum which is transversely wrinkled basally. According to Kusigemati (1985) this species is similar to C. canadensis (Provancher, 1880) in the coloration of head and mesosoma and its metapleuron which is punctate posteriorly, but differs in the sculpture of the propodeum and yellow eye orbits. Clistopyga canadensis has a Holarctic distribution (Bordera et al. 2014). All examined European specimens of this species have a black face, impunctate metapleuron and a hind tibia banded with brownish subbasally and apically.

NEW RECORDS OF THE GENUS CLISTOPYGA Zootaxa 3964 (5) © 2015 Magnolia Press · 567 The other two closely related Japanese species, C. arctica and C. ephemera are characterized by less abundant yellow coloration of the eye orbits, a weakly and sparsely punctate face and metasoma, pale yellow fore and middle coxae, and a propodeum which is finely and sparsely punctate basally. The general body coloration of these two species is black with brownish marks on at least the head and metasoma, but C. arctica has more narrowed temples than C. ephemera, along with longer antennae, and a yellow marked mesoscutum and scutellum. Palaearctic species (except C. leavis Kasapryan, 1981) generally have a more strongly punctate face, a propodeum which is more coarsely sculptured, and thicker legs (3.4–3.5 longer than wide), than the Oriental C. longifemoralis sp. nov. and C. latifrontalis. Clistopyga leavis, a species known from Sakhalin, has an almost impunctate metapleuron (as in C. longifemoralis sp. nov.), but has a smooth propodeum which lacks sculpture, and a mostly black mesosoma (with some yellow marks). Only one Palaearctic species, C. incitator, has similar coloration of the head and mesosoma, but this species has smaller eyes, a hind wing with first abscissa of vein Cu1 longer than the vein cu-a, and vein Cu1 present. Clistopyga longifemoralis sp. nov. is also similar to the American C. juliana Bordera and Gonzalez-Moreno, 2014, and C. manni Cushman, 1922, but differs in having the distinct part of the pleural carina (submetapleural carina sensu Bordera et al. (2014)) longer, weaker sculpturing on the propodeum, and a more abundant yellow coloration on the face. Another Oriental species, C. sziladyi, resembles the European species, C. rufator Holmgren, 1856, in having a red metasoma, but the latter has an entirely red hind femora and a punctate metapleuron.

Acknowledgements

The authors are deeply grateful to Wichai Srisuka (Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Thailand), Michael Sharkey & Stephanie Clutts (The University of Kentucky, USA), Mannankadiyan Nasser & Ranjith Ravindran (University of Calicut, India) for providing specimens; Kyohei Watanabe (KUIC) and Zoltán Vas (HNHM) for providing photos of type materials of C. nagatomii and C. sziladyi, respectively; Ovidiu Popovici and Lucian Fusu (UAIC) for access to the Pisica’s collection of Romanian Ichneumonidae and fotolaboratory; Tony Hunter (National Museums Liverpool, UK) for his kind help in improving English. The present study was funded by the Erasmus Mundus Foundation and Swedish Taxonomy Initiative.

References

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568 · Zootaxa 3964 (5) © 2015 Magnolia Press VARGA & RESHCHIKOV