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An Examination of Meanings and Symbolic Use of the Names in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix

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An Examination of Meanings and Symbolic Use of the Names in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix "WHAT'S IN A NAME?": AN EXAMINATION OF MEANINGS AND SYMBOLIC USE OF THE NAMES IN HARRY POTTER AND THE ORDER OF THE PHOENIX by GENEVIEVE MAI YUHK VALLEAU B.A., The University of British Columbia, 2002 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FUFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Children's Literature) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA April 2007 © Genevieve Mai Yuhk Valleau, 2007 11 Abstract J.K. Rowling has been accused by critics such as Jack Zipes and John Pennington of being a simplistic writer, but my examination of the fifth novel of the series, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, shows not only that she is creating complex characters but that she is also working with and against character stereotypes to craft intricate worlds and challenging ideas. More specifically, Rowling meticulously researches names and uses them to reveal aspects of her characters' personas and attributes. By analysing the meaning and symbolic use of the characters' names in Rowling's fifth novel, I will demonstrate how she uses names, and how she has created schemas that strengthen the link between and among the characters, their names and their roles in her work. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract .11 Table of Contents. , i 111 Figure I ..L. v INTRODUCTION.. CHAPTER I Literature Review. 13 1.1 Introduction • • • j 13 1.2 Examination of Research on Gender j 15 1.3 Examination of Research on Characterization i.......22 1.4 Examination of Linguistics, Translation and Naming. J.......28 1.5 Conclusion .j 36 j CHAPTER II Critical Theory. - 37 CHAPTER III Genus Characters ... .47 3.1 Introduction j 47 3.2 House-Elves ..j 48 3.3 Giants • 53 3.4 Centaurs j... 55 3.5 Figures in Paintings, Ghosts and the Poltergeist 1 59 3.6 Conclusion -j- 64 . • j CHAPTER TV Minor Witches, Wizards and Muggles Characters \. 65 4.1 Introduction. ••••!••• ^5 4.2 The Adolescents L.L 65 4.3 The Most Prominent Muggle Family - The Dursleys... j.j 70 4.4 Professors and Other Adults .J......75 4.5 The Death Eaters. U 78 4.6 Conclusion !. j..... 84 CHAPTER V Main Witches and Wizards Characters .1 86 5.1 Introduction ! 86 5.2 The Adolescents... i 87 5.3 The Most Prominent Wizarding Family - The Weasleys 100 5.4 The Members of the Order of the Phoenix ....112 5.5 Professors, Members of the Ministry of Magic and Other Adults 125 5.6 The Dark Lord 130 5.7 Conclusion • 135 CONCLUSION 136 Appendix I The Main Characters in Each of the First Six Books. .152 Appendix II The Categories of the Characters' Names in Harry Potter and j the Order of the Phoenix r...154 Appendix III Alphabetical List of All the Characters' Names in the First Six Books • .164 .164 1. Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone 2. Harrv Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. .166 3. Harrv Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban — J....168 4. Harrv Potter and the Goblet of Fire -..i.170 5. Harrv Potter and the Order of the Phoenix j... 174 6. Harrv Potter and the Half-Blood Prince .L..179 Figure I Main Characters Minor Characters Witches, Witches Wizards & &Wizards Muggles The Most Adolescents The Most Order of the Professors, The Dark Adolescents House Elves Giants Prominent Phoenix: Members of Lord Prominent Wizarding the Ministry • Hannah Muggle Family • Dobby • Karkus Family - The of Magic & Abbott - The Dursleys Weasleys Other Adults - Winky • Golgomath - Petunia - Lord • Cho Chang - Harry Potter • Albus - Minerva -Ron Voldemort • Kreacher • Grawp Dumbledore McGonagall • Gregory - Vernon - Hermione Goyle - Fred - Tom Granger • Severus - Cornelius - Dudley Snape Marvolo - George Fudge • Ernie - Neville Riddle Macmillan Longbottom • Sirius Black - Dolores - Ginny - "You Know Umbridge - etc. • Rubeus Who" - Luna - Arthur Lovegood Hagrid - Sybill - "He Who - Molly Trelawney - Draco - Remus Must Not Be Lupin Named" Malfoy -Bill Professors & Death Eaters Centaurs Ghosts, Figures - Alaster in Paintings & - Charlie Other Adults "Mad Eye" Poltergeists Moody - Lucius • Firenze - Percy - Gilderoy Lockhart Malfoy -Phineas Black - Nymphadora •Ban Tonks - Filius - Bellatrix - The Fat Lady Flitwick Lestrange • Ronan - Kingsley - Sir Nicholas Shacklebolt - Pomona • Rodolphus Sprout Lestrange - Peeves - Peter - etc. Pettigrew 1 INTRODUTION When William Shakespeare has Juliet say, "What's in a name? That which we call a rose / By any other name would smell as sweet" (Romeo and Juliet, II, ii, 43-44), she is asking whether people's names affect who they really are and how they are perceived by the people around them. Just as Shakespeare was aware of the connection between names and their meanings, authors following after him, notably Charles Dickens and, most recently, J.K. Rowling have used the meaning of names to communicate aspects of their characters' attributes to their readers. J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series demonstrates, through the names that she has chosen for her characters, that she also considers names carefully, as the name of a character reveals elements of the character's persona and status within the story. An examination of the names of Rowling's characters makes obvious her meticulous choice of each character's name, as part of an internal schema in her novels; names are rich in meaning and symbolism. Harry Potter and his fellow wizards, witches, Muggles1 and other creatures that Rowling has incorporated into her stories have achieved worldwide recognition and, not surprisingly, her creation has produced many different reactions in popular culture and in the academic world. Readers of all ages have read the six of the seven books in the series that have been published thus far and have become enthralled with the magical world that she has created. While some attribute the series' popularity to the substantial marketing of the books, movies and merchandise, others believe that Rowling's work deserves to be widely read and appreciated because of its literary merit: its narrative power and the ' Rowling's use of proper nouns is not always consistent. While she capitalizes "Muggles" and " Wizarding community," she does not capitalize "wizards" or "witches." I will follow Rowling's style. 2 imagination brought to each of the six books. Whether or not a large marketing machine drives the Harry Potter series, there is much literary value in Rowling's work; what cannot be denied is that Rowling's plotlines are intricate and that her characters are intriguing to millions of readers. Yet, although both her intricate plotlines and her intriguing characters reveal the complexities of Rowling's work, it is her characters and their multifaceted personas that deserve more attention. Not only has Rowling developed unique characters, but she has also taken the time to develop multifaceted worlds peopled with a large cast of characters. To examine Rowling's complex characters, it is important to discuss the critical writings on the Harry Potter series. Therefore, Chapter I of my thesis will present a literature review of various scholars who have examined Rowling's work. I will also focus on criticism that examines gender and characterization, and research on linguistics, translation and naming. In Chapter II, I will examine literary criticism and critical practices relevant to the reading of the names in the series, and will concentrate on mythology and characterization, as well as the critical theories of deconstruction and reader response theory. With the critical works in mind, I will then proceed to discuss some of the characters in Rowling's series. Although she has created an enormous cast of characters, many of whom make various appearances throughout the series, the fifth and longest book, Harrv Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, has the largest cast thus far2. With a total of two hundred and fourteen named characters, Rowling has not only created elaborate worlds with numerous individualized characters, but that she has also carefully crafted and researched each character and what the character's name says about his or her 2 Please refer to the Appendix III - Alphabetical List of All the Characters' Names in the First Six Books. 3 attributes, with the meaning and the symbolic use of the name in mind3. Rowling has stated that she plans every part of her books thoroughly, making numerous lists of details about plot and character. She makes reference to this meticulous care in a 2003 BBC interview with Jeremy Paxman: This is the plan for Order of the Phoenix. I have these grid things for every book—well I have about twelve grid things for every book. It's just a way of reminding myself what has to happen in each chapter to advance us in the plot. And then you have all your sub-plots. It's just a way of keeping track of what is going on. (n.pag.) Rowling has also stated in several interviews4 that she plans out every detail of plot and the character. During a press conference held on July 18, 2005 for the publication of the sixth book in the series, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Rowling was asked, "When you start [to write a book], do you do a complete plan before you start writing, or do you just have an idea from the start and then just keep writing?" and she responded "I do plan. I plan, I really plan quite meticulously" (n.pag.). With Rowling's meticulous planning in my mind, I began to list by name every character in each of the books. While examining the lists, I became intrigued by names and concluded that Rowling's thorough planning must also have extended to naming, for 3 The meaning of a name is quite different from the way the meaning is used by Rowling symbolically.
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