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Lithops Blossom Stones Desmond T Cole and Naureen A.Cole 261 pages, hardback, ISBN 88-900511-7-5 (First pubished in csSA Journal and reprinted in the Mesemb Study Group Newsletter.) When first published in 1988 Lithops Flowering Stones was widely recognized as a unique fine achievement. It was soon sold out, making this new enlarged and relatively inexpensive version even more desirable. Note the co-authorship: the irreplaceable Naurin Cole finally appears on the front page with her more public husband. Seventeen years is a long time in botanical life, but there was relatively little to renew; only three previously unknown species came to light. Two of them are included here, reports of the fourth and fifth being vague as models of the third, the enigmatic little Namibian, who appeared too late for inclusion in this book. Otherwise the perfectly polished text is worth as it was, with little tweaks here and there. I only want the book to be expanded to include old Cole essays published in magazines now hard to obtain. Many of them have clarified the mysteries left by G.K. Ell, the chaotically astute author of the first full-scale work on Lithops. The essays are reflected, but not necessarily summarized in the texts of 1988 and 2005. Physically, the new edition is a big improvement over its predecessor. It has grown twice as much, mainly due to the fascinating addition of habitat photos for each species and all but two subspecies. Unusually, lithops are an expression of specific niches - those who doubt that Desmond Cole's images of L.comptonii var should be tested. weberi pocketed in limestone, L.hermetica lurks on its rough and lonely gray of the Eminence, shrivelled pieces of L.hookeri var. elephina among Henry Murish sandstone, or dark and implausibly brilliant iron stone, which cradles equally shiny L.hookeri var. subfenestrata. Understanding of species and their relationships is enhanced by the geographical point of view offered here. The close-up portraits were taken at the Coles Litoparium near Johannesburg. The were so carefully anchored in their native soil and stone and so well cared for that, given the lack of visible pots, they could have been photographed in the wild if the wild had been well watered a month or two earlier. I compared the portraits in my 1988 copy with their 2005 counterparts (most of them repeated); 2005 wins in each case, the colors are more true and the sense of dimension is greater. (It's possible that the pigments in my old sun-cooked copy have disappeared a little with age.) Some of the recently noticed people have an impossible beauty - L.julii subsp. fulleri var. rouxii on p.197 (top right) has a pattern of smoke rings, will affect anyone who is remotely susceptible to a spell of this kind. The beautiful dust jacket gives us nosegay L.karasmontana on the on front and stunning nouga there swirling form L.gracilidelineata on the back. The maps are equally excellent, presenting as a clear picture of distribution patterns as discretion and scale will allow. They also update a few puzzles from 1988, still resonant today: tell us more about that unnimer (and obviously non-Coleoran) L.otzeniana north of Kliprand! Who found these additional L.schwantesii subsp. gebseri population, and how do they look? (Most of us only know this taxon by its type of terrain, Cole 165.) The new book has the useful addition of a complete list of Cole's numbers and their euphemized data previously released as a brochure. (Several varietal identities have shifted.) There is also an artificial key that telescopes the subspecific ranges in their respective master species, thereby providing a charcoal view of each one. Lively drawings by Gerhard Marx, the best manufacturer of lithops I know, besides the flora itself. Binding and paper are first rate and usually command a much higher price than requested by Cactus and Co Libri, which should have a secret Euromint. I would only point out that some slides were zoomed in beyond their natural limits and one or two had to be cleaned better; The slide-shown motes are enlarged along with instructive rubrics, those reddish tattoos worn by so many kinds. Nothing more to ask for? Serial quibbles - deeply colored nomenclatureists and people who like to wake up sleeping dogs - can bark that there is no textual justification, the first source to use the name L.verruculosa Nel. (See Naple's original statement re L.inae, which, unequivocally, had blood-red dots; L.verruculosa was named after the tiny gray warts tucked into its grooves and thus preshealed to what we know as var. glabra de Boer. If you can credit Ell notes, as from Tenson Ell, like de Boer, flows from the Kenhardt area.) At a thorny point, Coles tacitly return to L.terricolor N.E.Br. after having adopted the older name, L.localis (N.E.Br.) Schwantes in their 2001 treatment of sorts (in Springer-Hartmann's handbook at ). There may be good reasons to return, but they are not given; neither the 2001 text nor my 1995 document on which it was dependent are cited in the relevant essay as unchanged from its 1988 incarnation. There is, however, a new essay about the long-lost L.halenbergensis Tischer. He talks about the recent search for this elusive taxon and rejects the theory that the original plants were hybrid in origin, despite the fact that they neatly blended the features of two other species known from Haalenberg. (What L.'karasmontana subsp. eberlanzii happened with L.francisci on Haalenberg (and Kovisberg) was witness to Wilhelm The presence of three species on one small formation is a pattern unknown in the genus, except for the famous triumvirate: the triumvirate: L.villetii subsp. deboeri, and L.julii subsp. fulleri (C 230 a, b, and c, east of Gamoep). It seems to me that subsp. The fulleri, found as one without a mating , arrived as a seed on Nel's shoes when he explored the same place in September 1946! It's a tripary wild hypothesis, but it doesn't seem like 230c is a viable population. I also doubt that L.halenbergensis had real vitality - if it wasn't a hybrid, perhaps it was a mutation of this kind that gave us the amazing yellow-flower L.optica 'Rubragold,' one of several recent varieties. Yes, varieties! These traffic-lit lollipops are prominent here. There are some dandy new; L.ruschiorum's white color 'Silver Reed' has a special elegance, contrasting with the usual sunny side of the L.ruschiorum up the circuit, and the color of the contested shape of L.hermetica 'Green Diamond' adds cool mossiness to the Namibian palette. I come in to know that all species end up going grassy or rubescent! A more striking point is that the greens or reds are influenced by the main pigmentations of the species, thus chartreuse L.hallii var. ochracea 'Soapstone' outgrew the grayish L.salicola 'Malachite,' and opaque sorbet-carmine L.meyeri'. Further breeding will undoubtedly strengthen parameters and capabilities. Meanwhile we have a much bigger and more important task of maintaining a clean look. The Master Cole Collection is now caught in an institutionalized desuetude and in some ways this book functions as his memorial. The perpetuation of the Cole system will depend entirely on the quality of secondary distributions. Desmond Cole's illustrations of cultivated plants remind us how desirable and complex it will be to perpetuate, while his habitat photographs and eloquent text confront us with the glory and fragility of nature. Available from Cactus and Co. in Europe. This book, like all cacti and co publications is an exceptional value for money. Alternative prices and affordability. Facebook Digg live stone redirects here. For the 1958 documentary, watch The Stone of the Living. Lithops Lithops sp. by Marlot Scientific Classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Order: Family: Aizoaceae Subfies: Ruschioideae Tribe: Ruschieae Genus: LithopsN.E.Br. Species See text Lithops is a genus of succulent plants in the Aizoaceae ice plant family. The genus is native to southern Africa. The name comes from the ancient Greek word λίθος (lithos), which means stone, and ὄψ (ops), which means face, referring to the stone species of plants. They avoid being eaten by mixing in with surrounding rocks and are often known as pebble plants or living stones. Forming a name from the Greek means that even one plant is called Lithops. Description of Lithops hookeri. Between the old two new pairs of leaves appear, which leads to a two-headed plant Individual plants Lithops consist of one or more pairs of bulbous, almost fused leaves opposite each other and hardly a stem. The incision between the leaves contains a meristem and produces flowers and new leaves. The leaves of Lithops are mostly buried beneath the surface of the soil, with a partially or completely translucent upper surface known as a leaf window, allowing light to enter the interior of the leaves for photosynthesis. In winter, a new pair of leaves, and sometimes more than one, grows inside an existing pair of fused leaves. In the spring the old parts of the leaves are to reveal new leaves and the old leaves will then dry. Leaf lithops can shrink and disappear below ground level during drought. Lithops in habitat almost never have more than one pair of leaves per head, presumably as an adaptation to an arid environment. yellow or white flowers come out of the crack between the leaves after the new pair of leaves are fully ripe, one on a sheet of steam. It is usually autumn, but can be before the summer solstice in L. pseudotruncatella and after the winter solstice in L. optica. Flowers are often sweetly scented. The longitudinal patch of the Lithops plant, showing the epidermal windows at the top, translucent luscious tissues, green photosynthetic tissues, and decussate budding leaves grow between mature leaves. The most striking adaptation of Lithops is the coloration of leaves. The leaves are fenated and the epidermal windows are patterned in various shades of cream, gray and brown, with darker window areas, dots and red lines, depending on the species and local conditions. The markings function as a wonderful camouflage for the plant in its typical stone environment. As is typical for a window plant, the green fabric is embroidered inside the leaves and is covered with a translucent cloth under the epidermal windows. Lithops are required to outcrossers and require pollination from a separate plant. Like most mezemb, Lithops fruit is a dry capsule that opens when it gets wet; Some seeds can be thrown away when a raindrops fall, and the capsule closes again when it dries. The capsules can also sometimes separate and spread intact, or may disintegrate after a few years. The distribution of the Great Lithops salicola Lithops stand occurs naturally in the wider namibias and southern Africa, as well as in small border areas of Botswana and possibly Angola, from sea level to high mountains. Nearly a thousand individual populations are documented, each covering only a small area of dry meadows, velds or bare rocky earth. Different types of lithops are predominantly found in certain environments, usually a certain type of breed. Breed. are not naturalized outside the region. Rainfall in Lithops habitats ranges from about 700 mm/year to near zero. Precipitation varies from exceptional summer rains to exceptionally winter rains, with several species almost entirely relying on dew for moisture. Temperatures are usually hot in summer and cool until cold in winter, but one species is right on the coast with very mild temperatures all year round. Cultivation Group Lithops sp. dividing and producing new growth leaves. Lithops are popular home plants and many specialist juicy growers support the collections. Seeds and plants are widely available in stores and online. They grow relatively easily if given enough sun and suitable well-drained soil. The normal treatment in a mild temperate climate is to keep them completely dry in winter, watering only when the old leaves have dried up and have been replaced by a new pair of leaves. Watering continues until autumn, when the plants bloom and then stopped for the winter. The best results are obtained with additional heat, such as a greenhouse. In a hotter climate Lithops will have summer hibernation when they need to be kept mostly dry and they may require a little water in winter. In a tropical climate, Lithops can be grown mainly in winter with long summer hibernation. In any setting, Lithops will be the most active and need most of the water during the fall, and each species will flower around the same time. Lithops thrive best in a rough, well-drained substrate. Any soil that retains too much water will cause the plants to burst their skins as they over-expand. Plants grown in strong light will develop hard heavily colored skins that are resistant to damage and rot, although persistent translations will still be fatal. Excessive heat will kill potted plants as they cannot cool down by transpiration and rely on staying buried in cool soil below the surface. Commercial manufacturers mix mild fungicide or weak strength of horticultural sulfur into the water of the plant to prevent rotting. Lithops are sensitive to watering during hot weather, which can cause plants to rot; in their habitat, plants often doze off when temperatures are high, making the most of their cultivation during the cooler months of the year. Low light will make plants very susceptible to rotting and fungal infection. Lithops olivacea In the United Kingdom the following species have received the royal horticultural society award Garden Merit: --3 Lithops karasmontana,4 Lithops olivacea 5 Lithops pseudotruncatella Cutting can only be used to produce new plants after the plant, divided into several heads, so most spread the seeds. Lithops can be easily pollinated by hand if two separate clones of the clone flower at the same time, and the seeds will be ripe about 9 months later. The seeds germinate easily, but the seedlings are small and vulnerable within the first year or two, and there will be a flower for at least two or three years. History Play Media Seven-day time period The first scientific description of Lithops was made by botanist and artist William John Burchell, a researcher of Southern Africa, although he called it Mesembryanthemum turbiniforme. In 1811, he accidentally found a specimen when he was lifting a curiously shaped pebble from the ground. Unfortunately, his description is not detailed enough to be sure which Lithops he discovered and the name Lithops turbiniformis is no longer used, although for years it has been applied to what is now known as Lithops hookeri. Several more Lithops were published as a mesembryanthemum species until 1922 N E Brown began to divide too large a genus based on capsules. The genus Lithops was created and dozens of other species were published in the following decades. Brown, Gustav Schwantes, Kurt Dinter, Geert Ell and Louise Bolus continued to document Lithops from across southern Africa, but there was little consensus on the relationship between them, or even what populations should be grouped as species. As recently as the 1950s, the genus was little known in cultivation and was not well understood taxonomicly. In the 1950s, Desmond and Naurin Cole began studying Lithops. Eventually they visited almost all habitat populations and collected samples from about 400, identifying them with Cole's numbers, which have been used so far, and spreading Cole seeds around the world. They studied and revised the genus, in 1988 publishing the final book (Lithops: Flowering Stones), describing species, subspecies and varieties that have been adopted until now. Because their camouflage is so effective, new species are still found, sometimes in remote areas of Namibia and southern Africa, and sometimes in densely populated areas where they have simply been overlooked for generations. Recent discoveries include L. coleorum in 1994, L. hermetica in 2000 and L. amicorum in 2006. Taxonomy Many of these species are named subspecies or varieties, and some have many regional forms identified by old names or habitats. Identification of species primarily by flower color and patterns of leaves. Lithops 10 Specific epithet Meaning amicorum 11 friends aucampiae named after Juanita Aucamp bromfieldii named after H. Bromfield coleorum named after Desmond and Naurin Cole comptonii named after Professor Robert Harold Compton dinteri named after Moritz Kurt Dinter divergens divergens diergent shares dorotheae named after Dorothea Huyssteen francisci named after Franz de Laet fulviceps (also as Lydia) tawny head gesinea named after Gesine gracilidelineata thin lined hallii (also as salicola var. reticulata) named after Harry Hall helmutii named after Helmut Meyer hermetica named after the place sealed, Sperrgebiet herrei is named after Adolar 'Hans' Herre hookeri (aka dabneri, marginata, turbiniformis var. lutea), named after Sir Joseph Hooker Julii (aka fulleri) named after Dr. Julius Derenberg karasmontana named after the Great Karas Mountains Leslie named after T. N. Leslie Leslie , peersii) places marmorata (as well as diutina, framesii, umdausensis) marble meyeri named after the Rev. Gottlieb Meyer naureeniae named after Naurin Cole olivacea olive green optica (aka rubra) eye as otzeniana named M. Otzen pseudotruncatella was confused with Conophytum truncatum (aka Mesembryanthemum truncatellum) ruschiorum named after the family Rusch salicola salt dweller schwantesii named after Gustav Schwan Tallis-maria named after the place Mariental (latinized) villetiti (also of them deosa warts villetii( T. Villet Viridis green werneri named after Werner Tribener Gallery Lithops sp. In autumn, flowers emerge between the leaves. Lithops sp. Some species have flowers big enough to hide leaves. They open during the day and close in the evening. Sculpture lithops, National Botanic Garden of Ireland Links - Gene: Lithops N. E. Br. Germplasm Resource Information Network. Usda. 2009-06-09. Archive from the original 2012-10-11. Received 2011-04-09. Ed Storms (1986). New cultivation of mesembs. Storm. AGM Plants - Decorative (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. page 61. Received on March 25, 2018. RHS Plantfinder - Lithops karasmontana. Received on March 25, 2018. RHS Plantfinder - Lithops olivacea. Received on March 25, 2018. RHS Plantfinder - Lithops pseudotruncatella. Received on March 25, 2018. RHS Plantfinder - Lithops salicola. Received on March 25, 2018. RHS Plantfinder - Lithops schwantesii. Received on March 25, 2018. Coul, Desmond; Cole, Naurin (2005). Lithops - Blossoming Stones. Cactus and K. ISBN 88-900511-7-5. Hartmann, His E.K., Ed. (2001). Illustrated Guide to Succulent Plants: Aizoaceae F-Ya. Springer. ISBN 3-540-41723-0. Cole, Desmond (2006). Cactus Co magazine. X(1). Cactus:57-59. To quote the journal required journal (help) Jaint Literature, Harald (2017). Wild Lithops. Klaus Hes Verlag. ISBN 978-3-933117-93-9. Cole, Desmond T (1988). Lithops - Blossoming Stones. Acorn Books. ISBN 0-620-09678-0. Coul, Desmond; Cole, Naurin (2005). Lithops - Blossoming Stones. Cactus and K. ISBN 88-900511-7-5. Hummer, Stephen (1999). Lithops: Weld's Treasures. BCCS. ISBN 0-902099-64-7. Schwantes, Gustav (1957). Blossoming stones and flowers of noon. London: Ernst Benn. External Commons links have media related to Wikispecies has information related to Lithops Lithops information from the BBC (UK) Guide to the cultivation of the Book lithops Lithops and links Lithops Gallery Lithops photo album (Francois Hoes, Belgium) plantesdepedra.com (Catalan information and translator) manolithops.es (Spanish information) Scrapbooklithops (General information lithops flowering stones book. lithops flowering stones desmond t cole. lithops flowering stones cole. lithops flowering stones pdf

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