DOCSLIB.ORG

Annex 8 Scenario of Agriculture Development in Gorgan Plain and Agriculture Development of Priority Areas

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Annex 8 Scenario of Agriculture Development in Gorgan Plain and Agriculture Development of Priority Areas Scenario of Agriculture Development in Annex 8 Gorgan Plain and Agriculture Development of Priority Areas A8.1 Scenario of Agricultural Development in Gorgan Plain ---------------------------- A8 - 1 A8.2 Selection of Priority Area for the Feasibility Study -------------------------------- A8 - 10 A8.3 Agricultural Development Plan of Tazeh Abad Project Area --------------------- A8 - 15 A8.4 Implementation Plan of the Project --------------------------------------------------- A8 - 49 A8.5 Projects to be Implemented in Phase-1----------------------------------------------- A8 - 51 A8.6 Basic Guidelines of the Agricultural Development of Cheldin Project Area---- A8 - 57 A8.7 Suggestions for Future Study ---------------------------------------------------------- A8 - 65 ANNEX 8 SCENARIO OF AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN GORGAN PLAIN AND AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIORITY AREAS A8.1 Scenario of Agricultural Development in Gorgan Plain A8.1.1 Main Aspects of Agricultural Development Planning The development of irrigation water source is the precondition for the agricultural development in the Study Area. The development of water source can be done in short, middle and long-term plans. In order to achieve the targets, establishment and execution of the plans on the following items are required. 1. Basic pattern of crop rotation for extricating from gamble farming should be established in a short-term plan, and it should be extended and included in a medium term plan. The crop rotation would be fixed in a long-term plan. The basic pattern of the crop rotation includes annual leguminous pastures and annual grass besides cereals, cotton, rape seeds, and soybeans in order to increase organic matter of soil. It intends to improve the physical characteristics of heavy textured soil in this area and saving chemical fertilizers and pesticides. According to national policy, increase of wheat and oilseeds production need to be focused. 2. Integrated farming with livestock farming which is intended by farmers needs to be established through introducing pastures into a crop rotation, and establishment and extension of the method of making silage and hay of grass in order to use them in dry season. Moreover, livestock farming is promoted through planning of the increase of milk production, the hygienic management, and the construction of milk processing factories. Promotion of livestock farming completely consists with the idea of the basic crop rotation for sustainable agriculture in this plan. 3. Establishment of low cost irrigation and drainage methods. 4. Systematic improvement of finance and assistance for farmers should be executed according to the plan, and the system for planning and executing by local administrations also should be established. 5. Construction and improvement of social infrastructure. Construction and improvement plan and its execution of roads, storehouses, and processing factories should be proceeded simultaneously. 6. Improvement of marketing system is required according to the plan. 7. Supply system of farm materials, fuels, and agricultural machinery should be improved to supply them to farmers in time. In order to operate high technique effectively, timely farm A8 - 1 work is important. It should be improved according to the plan. 8. Strengthening of extension agencies should be promoted according to the plan. Especially, extension of production of forage for domestic animals, methods of making silage and hay, and hygienic management of dairy cattle are not enough. This technical extension contributes much to escape from gamble farming. It is proposed that local TV stations have the programs on agriculture and animal husbandry to broadcast market information on agricultural and livestock products and technical information. It must be effective. 9. Technical research supports all of the plans mentioned above. The research sectors, such as irrigation and drainage, soil improvement, sustainable crop rotation, making methods of silage and hay of grass, etc., and provincial government should carry out the integrated technological research. By executing the plans mentioned above, it is sure to increase the possibility of agricultural development in the Study Area. Suitable measures should also be setup to secure sufficient water resources for the agricultural production in the Gorgan plain. A ‘Phased Development Approach’ is necessary to realize the actual measures to be carried out for the agriculture development as mentioned below. (1) Expected countermeasures 1) Water Resources Aspects：To secure sufficient amount of water resources for a wide range of agriculture development. Absolute shortage and instability of available water resources are the main problems of the Gorgan plain. The potential measures are as follows: a. To provide farm ponds to store river water of Short Term wet season by scheme b. To provide regional water distribution system from the Medium Term Piedmonts region to the area c. To generate availability of water by the rationalization Short & Medium Term of dam operation d. To proceed watershed management including reforestation Medium & Long Term of upstream area e. To conduct river bed stabilization to enhance normal Short & Medium Term pump intake f. To clarify hydrological circulation & appropriate water Short & Medium Term allocation by sectors g. To examine inter-province water conveyance Medium & Long Term h. To extend water saving irrigation practice in the basins Short & Medium Term A8 - 2 2) Soil Aspects：To promote leaching of salts, and to improve poor fertility The soils in the Gorgan plain areas contain high quantity of salt and are poor in fertility. Therefore, suitable soil and water management practices are necessary to get rid of salt hazards and to enrich soil fertility. The measures to be carried out in consideration of these aspects are as follows: a. To secure sufficient irrigation water to leach out salts Short, Medium & Long Term b. To introduce improved farm program to enrich soil. Short, Medium & Long Term c. To provide permanent drainage system to avoid salt Medium & Long Term hazard d. To provide drainage networks in areas with high Short Term Potential for inundation e. To provide economical mole drains to control. Short & Medium Term groundwater level f. To conduct soil monitoring Short, Medium & Long Term 3) Socio-Economic Aspects: To provide and implement agricultural policies acceptable by the farmers and to realize inter agencial Government’s assistances. Most of the farmers, especially in the plain, have quite huge debts due to the instable production and low market prices of the products, even though both farmers and the governments have been making efforts to reconstruct the country after the revolution and the war. It is observed that the number of farmers leaving their farms is increasing and it will continue, if proper measures are not carried out to release their heavy burden. Measures based on these considerations are as follows: a. To start R&D on sustainable agriculture to improve farm income Short Term b. To examine & implement promotion programs Short & Medium Term to increase farmers’ willingness. c. To introduce proper scale farming capable to maintain Medium & Long Term a better life d. To rationalize administrative procedures and qualify Medium & Long Term assistances sufficient enough to eliminate farmers’ distrust. e. To conduct debt relief assistances to farmers Medium & Long Term f. To promote programs to avoid traditional land tenure customs, Short Term which cause farm poverty due to land subdivision 4) Agriculture Aspects：To establish proper farming programs to cope up with the conditions of the plain area, not only imitating those practices of the piedmont plain. Irrigated agriculture has been introduced in the plain areas to realize high productivity A8 - 3 farming with high water consumption, without proper consideration of the natural conditions and traditional culture of the farmers in the region. Also, the farmers in the plain area utilize similar agro-practices of the piedmonts using the groundwater to get the necessary water. Hence, it can be said that the approaches alienate from the natural conditions and livestock based cultures. Measures to be carried out considering these aspects are as follows: a. Agricultural program harmonized with livestock, pasture land Short & Medium Term farming and dry farming is to be examined to cope up with the natural conditions of the plain b. To distinguish areas that can be irrigated to avoid instable Short & Medium Term irrigation water supply c. To establish the government assistance programs Medium & Long Term to realize stable crop selling d. To examine concrete plans to secure sufficient water sources Medium & Long Term for a stable water use e. To provide permanent drainage system capable to leach out salts Medium & Long Term 5) Irrigation and Drainage Aspects：Towards stable water use and relief from salt hazards. It must be recognized that the present water resources are far from sufficiency to promote irrigated agriculture. Besides, there is a high risk potential of salinization problems. Measures should be carried out, based on the above mentioned considerations are as follows: a. To secure sufficient irrigation water to leach out salts Short, Medium & Long Term b. To provide permanent drainage system to avoid Short, Medium & Long Term salinization problems c. To promote water saving irrigation practices in the basins Short & Medium Term d. To provide farm ponds to secure stable water
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (GOLESTAN, NE IRAN) Marjan Tourani1 Dr. Ayşe Çağlayan1,2 R
    DETERMINATION OF LAND SUBSIDENCE IN GORGAN PLAIN WITH INSAR METHOD (GOLESTAN, NE IRAN) Marjan Tourani1 Dr. Ayşe Çağlayan1,2 Reza Saber1 Prof. Dr. Veysel Işık1 1Ankara University, Department of Geological Engineering, Tectonics Research Group, Ankara, Turkey 2Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, General Directorate of Spatial Planning, Department of Geological Survey, Ankara, Turkey ABSTRACT Golestan Province is classified as an area of high risk concerning natural hazards. Earthquakes, floods, landslides, and land subsidence are among the disasters that affected this region. In recent years, remote sensing techniques have played a key role in determining land subsidence events that produce significant environmental problems in various plain areas around Iran (e.g., Hashtgerd, Qara Bulaq, Damghan, South West Tehran, Golpayegan, South Mahyar, and Gorgan plains). Land subsidence events can be clearly identified by employing remote sensing and geodetic methods such as well-known and frequently used GPS measurements and InSAR studies. Any changes on the ground surface caused by deformation events can be accurately calculated using the InSAR technique. Basically, this method compares pairs of satellite images of a region, which acquired before and after the deformation event, and detects the possible changes between them. Application of the InSAR analysis technique on ENVISAT satellite data acquired between 26.01.2007-11.12.2009 in Gorgan Plain, located in the western part of Golestan Province, has revealed the occurrence of 4.8 cm and 1.1 cm of land subsidence amounts for the Gorgan and Akkale areas, respectively. InSAR analysis results also suggest that land subsidence has been distributed in a relatively east-west direction.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Data on the Fauna and Geographical Distribution of Medically Important Scorpions in Golestan Province, Northeast of Iran
    The First Data on the Fauna and Geographical Distribution of Medically Important Scorpions in Golestan Province, Northeast of Iran Aioub Sozadeh Golestan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Ehsan Allah Kalteh Golestan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Shahin Saeedi Golestan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Mulood Mohammmadi Bavani ( [email protected] ) Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences Research note Keywords: Scorpion, fauna, spatial distribution, Iran, Golestan Posted Date: December 3rd, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-117232/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/14 Abstract Objectives: this study was conducted to determine the medically relevant scorpion’s species and produce their geographical distribution in Golestan Province for the rst time, to collect basic information to produce regional antivenom. Because for scorpion treatment a polyvalent antivenom is use in Iran, and some time it failed to treatment, for solve this problem govement decide to produce regional antivenom. Scorpions were captured at day and night time using ruck rolling and Ultra Violet methods during 2019. Then specimens transferred to a 75% alcohol-containing plastic bottle. Finally the specimens under a stereomicroscope using a valid identication key were identied. Distribution maps were introduced using GIS 10.4. Results: A total of 111 scorpion samples were captured from the province, all belonging to the Buthidae family, including Mesobuthus eupeus (97.3%), Orthochirus farzanpayi (0.9%) and Mesobuthus caucasicus (1.8%) species.
    [Show full text]
  • Lessons Learned from Flood Monitoring and Flood Damage Assessment by Space Remote Sensing
    Lessons learned from flood monitoring and flood damage assessment by space remote sensing Case Study: 2019 Floods in Iran Omid Shekoofa Iranian Space Research Center (ISRC) 9/10/2019 Space: A Tool for Accessibility, Diplomacy and Cooperation – 2019 Floods in Iran 1 Outline ❑ Introduction to ISRC ❑ Overview on March 2019 Flood ❑ Flood Monitoring/Management by Space Remote Sensing ❑ Flood Damage Assessment in Agriculture ❑ Conclusion 9/10/2019 Space: A Tool for Accessibility, Diplomacy and Cooperation – 2019 Floods in Iran 2 Iranian Space Research Center (ISRC) ❑ Founded in 2012, affiliated with Iran’s Ministry of ICT ❑ Headquarter is located in Tehran, 6 branches are located in 4 big cities ❑ Developing space technologies and space systems for domestic needs in civil and peaceful applications 9/10/2019 Space: A Tool for Accessibility, Diplomacy and Cooperation – 2019 Floods in Iran 3 News News Agency Tasnim province, Iran, March 22, 2019. 2019. March 22, province, Iran, Golestan What Happened During March to May 2019 in Iran? 9/10/2019 Space: A Tool for Accessibility, Diplomacy and Cooperation – 2019 Floods in Iran 4 Iran Flood 2019 Overview ❑ Widespread flash flood happened in many parts of Iran from March 19 to May 1 ❑ It lasted over 5 weeks including 3 waves of heavy rains and floods ❑ The worst flooding in 70 years, affected 25 of 31 provinces ❑ 78 persons died and more than 1170 injured 9/10/2019 Space: A Tool for Accessibility, Diplomacy and Cooperation – 2019 Floods in Iran 5 Flood-Stricken Areas Most severely flood hit Golestan,
    [Show full text]
  • See the Document
    IN THE NAME OF GOD IRAN NAMA RAILWAY TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN List of Content Preamble ....................................................................... 6 History ............................................................................. 7 Tehran Station ................................................................ 8 Tehran - Mashhad Route .............................................. 12 IRAN NRAILWAYAMA TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN Tehran - Jolfa Route ..................................................... 32 Collection and Edition: Public Relations (RAI) Tourism Content Collection: Abdollah Abbaszadeh Design and Graphics: Reza Hozzar Moghaddam Photos: Siamak Iman Pour, Benyamin Tehran - Bandarabbas Route 48 Khodadadi, Hatef Homaei, Saeed Mahmoodi Aznaveh, javad Najaf ...................................... Alizadeh, Caspian Makak, Ocean Zakarian, Davood Vakilzadeh, Arash Simaei, Abbas Jafari, Mohammadreza Baharnaz, Homayoun Amir yeganeh, Kianush Jafari Producer: Public Relations (RAI) Tehran - Goragn Route 64 Translation: Seyed Ebrahim Fazli Zenooz - ................................................ International Affairs Bureau (RAI) Address: Public Relations, Central Building of Railways, Africa Blvd., Argentina Sq., Tehran- Iran. www.rai.ir Tehran - Shiraz Route................................................... 80 First Edition January 2016 All rights reserved. Tehran - Khorramshahr Route .................................... 96 Tehran - Kerman Route .............................................114 Islamic Republic of Iran The Railways
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 of 27 PODOCES, 2007, 2(2): 77-96 a Century of Breeding Bird Assessment by Western Travellers in Iran, 1876–1977 - Appendix 1 C.S
    PODOCES, 2007, 2(2): 77-96 A century of breeding bird assessment by western travellers in Iran, 1876–1977 - Appendix 1 C.S. ROSELAAR and M. ALIABADIAN Referenced bird localities in Iran x°.y'N x°.y'E °N °E Literature reference province number Ab Ali 35.46 51.58 35,767 51,967 12 Tehran Abadan 30.20 48.15 30,333 48,250 33, 69 Khuzestan Abadeh 31.06 52.40 31,100 52,667 01 Fars Abasabad 36.44 51.06 36,733 51,100 18, 63 Mazandaran Abasabad (nr Emamrud) 36.33 55.07 36,550 55,117 20, 23-26, 71-78 Semnan Abaz - see Avaz Khorasan Abbasad - see Abasabad Semnan Abdolabad ('Abdul-abad') 35.04 58.47 35,067 58,783 86, 88, 96-99 Khorasan Abdullabad [NE of Sabzevar] * * * * 20, 23-26, 71-78 Khorasan Abeli - see Ab Ali Tehran Abiz 33.41 59.57 33,683 59,950 87, 89, 90, 91, 94, 96-99 Khorasan Abr ('Abar') 36.43 55.05 36,717 55,083 37, 40, 84 Semnan Abr pass 36.47 55.00 36,783 55,000 37, 40, 84 Semnan/Golestan Absellabad - see Afzalabad Sistan & Baluchestan Absh-Kushta [at c.: ] 29.35 60.50 29,583 60,833 87, 89, 91, 96-99 Sistan & Baluchestan Abu Turab 33.51 59.36 33,850 59,600 86, 88, 96-99 Khorasan Abulhassan [at c.:] 32.10 49.10 32,167 49,167 20, 23-26, 71-78 Khuzestan Adimi 31.07 61.24 31,117 61,400 90, 94, 96-99 Sistan & Baluchestan Afzalabad 30.56 61.19 30,933 61,317 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, Sistan & Baluchestan 94, 96-99 Aga-baba 36.19 49.36 36,317 49,600 92, 96-99 Qazvin Agulyashker/Aguljashkar/Aghol Jaskar 31.38 49.40 31,633 49,667 92, 96-99 Khuzestan [at c.: ] Ahandar [at c.: ] 32.59 59.18 32,983 59,300 86, 88, 96-99 Khorasan Ahangar Mahalleh - see Now Mal Golestan Ahangaran 33.25 60.12 33,417 60,200 87, 89, 91, 96-99 Khorasan Ahmadabad 35.22 51.13 35,367 51,217 12, 41 Tehran Ahvaz (‘Ahwaz’) 31.20 48.41 31,333 48,683 20, 22, 23-26, 33, 49, 67, Khuzestan 69, 71-78, 80, 92, 96-99 Airabad - see Kheyrabad (nr Turkmen.
    [Show full text]
  • Joint Disease Mapping of Two Digestive Cancers in Golestan Province, Iran Using a Shared Component Model
    Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2015 6(3), 205e210 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.02.002 pISSN 2210-9099 eISSN 2233-6052 - ORIGINAL ARTICLE - Joint Disease Mapping of Two Digestive Cancers in Golestan Province, Iran Using a Shared Component Model Parisa Chamanpara a,b, Abbas Moghimbeigi b,*, Javad Faradmal b, Jalal Poorolajal b aGolestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran. bModeling of Noncommunicable Disease Research Canter, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Received: October 25, Abstract 2014 Objectives: Recent studies have suggested the occurrence patterns and related Revised: December 1, diet factor of esophagus cancer (EC) and gastric cancer (GC). Incidence of these 2014 cancers was mapped either in general and stratified by sex. The aim of this study Accepted: January 16, was to model the geographical variation in incidence of these two related can- 2015 cers jointly to explore the relative importance of an intended risk factor, diet low in fruit and vegetable intake, in Golestan, Iran. KEYWORDS: Methods: Data on the incidence of EC and GC between 2004 and 2008 were esopagus cancer, extracted from Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hamadan, Iran. These data were registered as new observations in 11 counties of gastric cancer, the province yearly. The Bayesian shared component model was used to analyze Bayesian shared the spatial variation of incidence rates jointly and in this study we analyzed the component model, data using this model. Joint modeling improved the precision of estimations of incidence, underlying diseases pattern, and thus strengthened the relevant results.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Rare Birds in Iran, 1860S–1960S
    Podoces, 2009, 4(1): 1–27 Review of Rare Birds in Iran, 1860s–1960s CEES S. ROSELAAR 1* & MANSOUR ALIABADIAN 2 1. Zoological Museum & Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam PO Box 94766, 1090 GT Amsterdam, THE NETHERLANDS 2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IRAN * Correspondence Author. Email: [email protected] Received 27 March 2009; accepted 7 October 2009 Abstract: Based on original literature reports covering the period 1860 –1969, details of 362 records of 102 bird species considered rare in Iran are presented. This fills a gap in knowledge of Iran’s birds from a period between research by Gmelin and Hablizl in the 1770s (reviewed by Mlikovsky 2008) and an overview of the observations of rare birds in Iran in the 1960s and 1970s (presented by Scott 2008). Attention is drawn to two new species for Iran (Eastern Marsh Harrier Circus spilonotus and Blue Whistling Thrush Myophonus caeruleus ). Published details validate the records of Light-bellied Brent Goose Branta hrota , Upland Buzzard Buteo hemilasius , Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris , and Oriental Cuckoo Cuculus saturatus , formerly considered as of dubious occurrence in Iran. Information on six species (Yellow-breasted Tit Cyanistes cyanus flavipectus , Falcated Duck Anas falcata , Indian Nightjar Caprimulgus asiaticus , Güldenstädt’s Redstart Phoenicurus erythrogaster , Cirl Bunting Emberiza cirlus and Eurasian Nutcracker Nucifraga caryocatactes) was considered insufficient or unreliable and the occurrence of these species in Iran has been rejected. We recommend that these species be omitted from the last revised checklist of the birds of Iran (Scott & Adhami 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of Leishmania Infection in Humans, Animal Reservoir Hosts and Sandflies in Golestan Province, Northeastern Iran: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Iran J Public Health, Vol. 49, No.12, Dec 2020, pp.2308-2319 Review Article Distribution of Leishmania Infection in Humans, Animal Reservoir Hosts and Sandflies in Golestan Province, Northeastern Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Omid MOZAFARI 1, *Aioub SOFIZADEH 2, Hamid Reza SHORAKA 3 1. Health Management & Social Development Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran 2. Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran 3. Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran *Corresponding Author: Email: [email protected] (Received 12 Dec 2019; accepted 17 Feb 2020) Abstract Background: Leishmaniasis is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the Golestan Province, northeast- ern Iran. In this study, we summarize the results of studies on the disease and its causative agent Leishmania in humans, vectors and reservoirs in the Golestan Province, Iran. Methods: We retrieved all articles related to leishmaniasis in the Golestan Province, northern Iran from 1994 to 2018 in various databases including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Articles in Persian were retrieved from the IranMedex, SID and Magiran. Reference lists of relevant articles were also hand-searched. Local active re- searchers in the field of leishmaniasis were contacted to avoid missing any relevant articles. Overall, 54 papers were extracted, later evaluated by two research team members based on inclusion criteria. All analyses were per- formed using the Stata 14 software. Pooled prevalence was calculated using the metaprop command and a ran- dom-effect model. The I² statistic was used for measuring heterogeneity of studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Autotüren Werden Zugeschlagen. Ein Metallisches Schlüsselgeräusch Im Zündschloss. Der Motor Wird Gestartet. Die Handbremse Gelöst
    30 Autotüren werden zugeschlagen. Ein metallisches Schlüsselgeräusch im Zündschloss. Der Motor wird gestartet. Die Handbremse gelöst. Ein leichtes Quiet- schen der Kupplung. Das Verschieben der Gangschal- tung, das Dröhnen des Gaspedals. Farrukh beißt sich in die Wange: Das Auto fährt los. Pamir hat nachge- geben. Sie sind auf dem Weg in den Iran! Seit zwölf Tagen bereitet er seinen Plan vor, Far- rukh kennt die Route auswendig. Jede Stadt auf dem Weg ist eine Wegmarke entlang eines Traums. Viele sind es nicht, wenn man bedenkt, dass sie 1809 Kilo- meter zurücklegen werden. Vor allem auf der afgha- nischen Seite. Vor Chaghcharan, der ersten größeren Ortschaft in 400 Kilometern Entfernung, sind es nur drei: Maydan Shahr, ca. 20 Kilometer nach Kabul, Behsud, noch einmal 130 Kilometer. Dann nichts bis Panjab, das weitere 100 Kilometer entfernt liegt. Nach Chaghcharan: Awbeh, Poshtun Zarghun, Herat, eine größere neue Stadt, dann Gurian, die letzte Ortschaft vor der Grenze. Im Iran verdichtet sich das Netz aus exotischen Namen, die zu wiederholen Farrukh nicht 149 müde wird: Taybad, Kariz, Torbat Jam, Nasrabad, Fariman, Farhadgerd, Malekabad, Neyshabur, Sabze- var, Davarzan, Meyamey, Shahrud, Basjam, Sarkhon Kalateh, Gorgan, Kordkuy und Bandar Gaz kurz vor dem Mian Kaleh See. Ein Glücksmantra. Farrukh wirft einen Blick in den Rückspiegel, um ein letztes Bild des Hauses zu erhaschen. Aber Son- nenstrahlen blitzen im Spiegel, unmöglich irgendet- was zu erkennen. Farrukh wendet den Blick geblen- det ab und schaut geradeaus. Zu dieser frühen Stunde ist Kabul menschenleer. Nur einige Busse sind schon unterwegs, voll mit Ar- beitern auf dem Weg zu ihren Baustellen, bevor es zu heiß wird.
    [Show full text]
  • Gorgan Bay Environmental Consequences Due to the Caspian Sea Rapid Water Level Change
    Gorgan Bay environmental consequences due to the Caspian Sea rapid water level change Homayoun Khoshravan1,2*, Alireza Naqinezhad3, Tahereh Alinejad-Tabrizi2, Tamara Yanina4 1. Caspian Sea National Research Center, Water Research Institute, Ministry of Energy, Tehran, Iran 2. Environment Research Management Group (EMRIRAN), Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Unit 5, Kaj Building, Shahid Amini Alley, Babol, Iran 3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran 4. Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia *Corresponding author s email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The rapid Caspian Sea level fluctuations have caused unstable conditions for coastal areas during the 20st and 21st centuries, and have led to significant losses for economical and social infrastructure. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of the Caspian Sea level fluctuations on the environment of the Gorgan Bay coasts, which is a large, shallow inlet at the extreme south-east corner of the Caspian Sea. So that, studying required documentations have made it possible to become acquainted with the geographical, geological and environmental conditions of Gorgan Bay. The morphological conditions of coastal lines and diversity of coastal habitats were also assessed in field observations. The geometric structure of coast, their sediment types and the physicochemical properties of soils belonging to coastal habitats were evaluated by determining three transects and nine study sites in the spring and summer 2017. Changes in the coastline of Gorgan Bay were also processed using Land-Sat satellite imagery from 1977, 1995 and 2017. The results exhibited that the environmental vulnerability of the Gorgan Bay coasts depends on the morphological conditions of coastal habitats and alterations in the Caspian Sea level.
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Caspian Sea Coasts, Morphology, Sediment Characteristics, and Sea Level Change Alireza Firoozfar Islamic Azad University, a R [email protected]
    Proceedings of the Annual International Conference on Soils, Sediments, Water and Energy Volume 17 Article 12 2012 Southern Caspian Sea Coasts, Morphology, Sediment Characteristics, and Sea Level Change Alireza Firoozfar Islamic Azad University, [email protected] Edward N. Bromhead Kingston University London Alan P. Dykes Kingston University London Mir Ahmad Lashteh Neshaei Guilan University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/soilsproceedings Recommended Citation Firoozfar, Alireza; Bromhead, Edward N.; Dykes, Alan P.; and Neshaei, Mir Ahmad Lashteh (2012) "Southern Caspian Sea Coasts, Morphology, Sediment Characteristics, and Sea Level Change," Proceedings of the Annual International Conference on Soils, Sediments, Water and Energy: Vol. 17 , Article 12. Available at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/soilsproceedings/vol17/iss1/12 This Conference Proceeding is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Annual International Conference on Soils, Sediments, Water and Energy by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Firoozfar et al.: Caspian Sea Coasts, Morphology, Sediment, Sea Level Change 123 PART V: Sediments Chapter 11 SOUTHERN CASPIAN SEA COASTS, MORPHOLOGY, SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS, AND SEA LEVEL CHANGE Alireza Firoozfar1§, Edward N Bromhead2, Alan P. Dykes3, Mir Ahmad Lashteh Neshaei4 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Etemadieh Moalem Street, Zanjan, Iran, 45156-58145, 2Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, UK, KT1 2EE , 3Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, UK, KT1 2EE, 4Guilan University, Ghazvin Road, Rasht, Guilan, Iran ABSTRACT As the world's largest closed body of water, considerable changes in the Caspian Sea water level make it an unique laboratory to study all aspects of coastal zones.
    [Show full text]
  • Secrets of the Red Snake
    current world archaeology world DIGS & DISCOVERIES FROM AROUND THE WORLD No.27 The 'Red Snake', Gorgan Wall Wall Gorgan Snake', The 'Red SecretsSecrets ofof thethe RedRed SnakeSnake The great wall of Iran revealed • Jerablus and Carchemish Jerablus • USA • Lawrence's Jordan Jordan Lawrence's • Tutankhamun Also inside: Tutankhamun revisited LAWRENCE'S JORDAN THE GREAT ARAB REVOLT DIG Issue 27 SYRIA'S FORT OF JERABLUS No.27 February/March 2008 GUARD ON THE EUPHRATES www.archaeology.co.uk £4 001_Cover_Final_CWA27.indd 1 9/1/08 17:07:58 This page A view from the air reveals the true proportions of the ‘Red Snake’: photo of fort 7 with its massive platform and the associated ditch. TheThe enigmaenigma ofof thethe 'Red'Red Snake'Snake' Revealing o n e o f t h e W o r l d ' s Greatest Frontier Walls PHOTOGRAPH: Georg Gerster/Panos Pictures current world 12 archaeology 27 012-022_Iran_CWA27.indd 1 10/1/08 14:39:07 Iran TheThe enigmaenigma ofof thethe 'Red'Red Snake'Snake' It is longer than Hadrian's Wall and the Antonine Wall taken together. It is over a thousand years older than the Great Wall of China as we know it today. It is of more solid construction than its ancient Chinese counterparts. It is the greatest monument of its kind between central Europe and China and it may be the longest brick, or stone, wall ever built in the ancient world - and yet few have ever heard of it. This wall is known as ‘The Great Wall of Gorgan’ or ‘the Red Snake’.
    [Show full text]