, JUNE 2~ 1972 25 CENTS

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE Kremlin treachery blow to ietnam · ~ ·liberation struggle , _ - pages 3, ~

VOLUME 36/NUMBER 21 -

' ' ' ,_. ' ...... ' . ' " ~ . ' STUDENTS FAVOR GAY AND WOMEN'S RIGHTS: Times. The Times reported that the Schools Action Union A poll of 943 students at the University of Minnesota has spurred rallies and .demonstrations in at least 12 showed that 81 percent opposed the university's refusal London secondary schools in the last few weeks. to hire James McConnell as a librarian. The board of regents based its decision not to hire McConnell on the TOMBS REBELLION AN ACT OF SELF-DEFENSE: fact that he is gay and had applied for a license to marry Lawyers for three prisoners charged with 72 counts of THIS Jack Baker. kidnapping and other crimes as a result of the rebellion ~ Eighty-two percent of the students polled felt- that the at the Manhattan House of Detention for Men (the Tombs) university should provide expanded health services for in October 1970 have argued that the rebellion was jus­ WEEK'S · women, including abortion counseling, care, and referral. tified. Eighty-one percent favored the university's providing The lawyers, according to the May 19 New York Times, MILITANT birth-control services. said that the prisoners at the Tombs had no other means The results of the poll were published in the May 5 of protecting themselves from "official murder, beatings, 3 Kremlin courts Nixon as Minnesota Daily. fear, pain and general degradation." U.S. bombs Vietnam However, Supreme Court Justice Harold Birns ruled 4 Mass upsurge hits that the defense will not be allowed to show the jury the French control of Mala­ conditions that led to the uprising. He also ruled that the argument that the rebellion was justified cannot be gasy used as a legal defense. 5 15,000 march in D. C. As one assistant district attorney quoted in the Times against the war said, "During the Depression people had to steal food 8 Open letter from Linda to eat and to live, but that didn't make them any less Jenness to McGovern guilty of the crime of stealing." supporters IRISH PRISONERS REBEL: More than 200 soldiers 9 Mich. primary: union bu­ were called in to help police pul down an uprising in reaucrats have no an­ Dublin's Mountjoy Prison on May 19, according to the swer to Wallace New York Times. Prisoners were protesting the condi­ 10 Nkrumah: a Marxist as- tions inside the jail and the holding of political prisoners sessment for up to four months without trial. Mountjoy Prison, used originally by the British Empire 11 How to fight U.S. in­ to hold Irish patriots, is being used by the Dublin gov­ volvement in Africa ernment for the same purpose today. Among the prisoners May 27 committee state­ are some charged with membership in or activities related ment on Vietnam to the Irish Republican Army, which is illegal in Irel~nd. 12 Workers upsurge shakes Qu~bec THE MILITANT GETS REPRINTED: Two articles from Intercontinental Press that appeared in the Oct. 22, 1971, 15 Unprecedented response issue of The Mllitant were reprinted in volume one, number in drive to put socialist one, of the Irish newspaper The Plough, which comes candidates on ballot out in Dublin. The articles were reviews of a translation of publications of the Russian underground and of a new 16 Problems beset 'radicals' YOU HIT THE NAIL ON THE HEAD GEORGE: The in Berkeley City Council Washington Post interviewed George Meany some weeks French magazine. The Columbus- (Ohio) Free Press reprinted in its April 17 SWP Nat'l Committee ago. Characteristically, the union bureaucrat complained, 5-18 issue an article on the acquittal of the Soledad Broth­ "We seem to be living in an age when the young people, discusses war, economy, ers by Norton Sandler from the March 27 Militant. for some reason or another, seem to reject everything. building socialist move- Finally, the April 7 Geneseo Lamron reprinted Caroline It's'- not just a question of work patterns anything, ment or Lund's article on "How the capitalists control the Demo­ but they seem to reject everything that the older people cratic and Republican parties" from the Mar~h 10 issue 18 Defeat for·abortion held important." rights in Conn. ' of The Militant, with credit. 19 Black Assembly finalizes BIG BUSINESS BLUES 1: Lamenting the "lack of in­ CUSTER HAD IT COMING: A $15,000 exhibit and mem­ terest and motivaton on the part of employes," a labor Agenda orial to "one of southeastern Ohio's forgotten heroes" expert quoted in the May 14 New York Times asserted 21 Argentine editor sen­ was dediCated on May 21 at New Rumley, Ohio, the that: tenced to e>tile on ship birthplace of General George Armstrong Custer. According "One of the best kept secrets in industry today is the 24 Mass antiwar actions in to the New York Times, the exhibit was fmanced by state cost of absenteeism, low productivity, boredom on the capital-improvement bonds. - Mexico, Peru job and frequent turnovers among employes." Defense rests case in "Many young people," he said, "are disenchanted with the thought of working for a corporation." FBI STORY 1: "L. Patrick Gray 3d got off to an un­ Angela Davis trial convincing start as the new boss of the FBI," says Jack Anderson in his syndicated column on May 11. Gray BIG BUSINESS BLUES II: Returning once. again to 2 In Brief told reporters: "None of you guys are going to believe the morale problem, the May 15 Times notes some ways this-:- and I don't know how to make you believe it-but 4 The Militant Gets in which corporations have tried to make jobs more en­ there, are no dossiers or secret files." Around joyable. One executive from McDonald's hamburger chain Anderson proceeded to give the file numbers and some Our explained that "It's all part of the better milk from 6-ln Opinion examples of the contents of secret files. Among those being contented cows philosophy." Letters watched by the FBI, Anderson said, are antiwar actress 7 The Great Society Jane Fonda; Coretta King, Ralph Abernathy, and Floyd THE SOCIALIST ALTERNATIVE? The April 28 issue McKissick, all moderate Black leaders; and entertainers Women: The Insurgent of New America, the newspaper of the Socialist Party, such as Harry Belafonte, Marlon Brando, Paul Newman, Majority notes that "The Socialist Party-Democratic Socialist Fed­ Rock Hudson, Zero Mostel, and Tony Randall. 9 The National Picket Line eration has not endorsed any candidate for the Demo­ 14 '72 Socialist Campaign cratic Presidential Nomination. Its members, as individ­ 20 In Review uals, have been backing candidates ranging from Mc­ Govern and Muskie to Humphrey and Jackson in the framework of pressing for the building of a strong coali­ tion of labor, liberals and minority groups to defeat THE MILITANT Nixon." VOLUME 36/NUMBER 21 JUNE 2,1972 CHICAGO SEVEN CONTEMPT CONVICTIONS UP­ CLOSING NEWS DATE-MAV24, 1972 SET: A federal court on May 1 f reversed the contempt convictions of the seven defendants and two of their law­ Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS yers in the Chicago conspiracy trial. The court also in­ Managing Editor: DOUG JENNESS validated the four-year contempt sentence of Bobby Seale Business Manager: SHARON CABANISS Southwest B~reau: HARRY RING of the Black Panther Party. Although appeals on the conviction of five of the Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., Chicago defendants on charges of crossing state lines 14 Charles lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. Phone: Edi­ to incite a riot and delivering "inflammatory" speeches torial Office (212) 243-6392; Business Office (212) 929-3486. to that end are still pending, the contempt reversals are Southwest Bureau: 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave., los an important civil liberties victory. The sentences, which Angeles, Calif. 90029. Phone: (213)463-1917. were handed out in the Kangaroo courtroom of Judge Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Sub­ Julius Hoffman, ranged from two months and 18 days Edgar Hoover scription: domestic, S6 o year; foreign, $7.50. By first­ J. for Lee Weiner to 48 months and 13 days for defense class mail: domestic and Canada, S22; all other coun­ FBI STORY II: "L. Patrick Gray III, in his first speech tries, $24. Air printed matter: domestic and Canada, lawyer William Kunstler. S26; latin America and Europe, $40; Africa, Australia, as head of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, rejected Asia (including USSR), $50. Write for sealed air post- BRITISH STUDENTS ORGANIZE: Two thousand high calls for a full-scale investigation of the FBI, which war! age rates. '"' school students demanding an erid to school uniforms, headed for 48 years by the late J. Edgar Hoover." Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily (Christian Science Monitor, May 19.) represent The Militant's views. These are expressed to caning, and to detention after school marched in Lon­ in editorials. don -on May 17, according to the May 18 New York -DAVE FRANKEL

2 U.S. Communist Party defends Kremlin Nixon courted as U.S. bombs Vietnam By DICK ROBERTS on Hanoi not to come to the support of the inde­ lem in international and domestic policy. This MAY 23- How can summit talks in Moscow do pendence struggle in South Vietnam, as Saigon, has been true for the last seven years,· but it is anything but harm to the Vietnamese revolution? under Washington's pressure, refused to carry out above all the case when six weeks of mighty rev­ As President Nixon is greeted in Moscow while the Geneva mandate. A "National Intelligence Es­ olutionary upsurge in Vietnam has threatened to U .. S. bombers conduct the heaviest air attack·s timate" dated July 17, 1956, stated: topple the capitalist-landlord regime ir. Saigon. in the history of the war, this question is upper­ "We believe that the DRV is firmly committed It is inconceivable that Nixon would go to Mos­ most on the mind of every supporter of the Viet­ to the policies of the Sino-Soviet Bloc, even to cow for any other reason than to attempt to get namese liberation struggle. A rash of articles in the extent of subordinating or postponing the pur­ Moscow's aid in pressing· Hanoi for a new settle­ the Daily World, voice ·of the American Commu­ suit of its local or regional objectives in the over­ ment of the war. Furthermore, Nixon would not nist Party, testifies to the immense pressure loyal all ·Bloc tactics and strategy.... Over the past go to Moscow unless he had reasons in advance supporters of the Moscow regime ·are feeling. year, Bloc economic and diplomatic support may for believing that such aid from the Kremlin bu­ For example, three articles are devoted to Nix­ not have met DRV expectations. . . . The USSR reaucrats is forthcoming. And the historical record on's trip in the May 23 issue. of the World. "A .also failed to press DRV ·demands either for the is filled with such reasons. cool, formally-correct welcome by Soviet President 'strict implementation' of the Geneva Agreements Nikola1 Podgorny and Premier Alexei Kosygin with respect to north-south consultations and elec­ The 'World' on Peking was extended to President Nixon when he arrived tions, or for reconvening the Geneva conference." Possibly even more hypocritical than the World's at Moscow's Vnukovo airport today," World cor­ (United States-Vietnam Relations, 1945-1967 apology for Moscow's welcome to Nixon was its respondent Mike Davidow wrote from Moscow [Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, scathing criticism of Peking's welcome to Nixon. May 22. 1971], Book 10, p. 1074.) One has to go back several months. As the Vietnamese rose in rebellion against the "The rapprochement between the 'most populous illegal regime imposed on them by Washington, nation and the most powerful nation' which Nixon and U. S. imperialism responded with ever-esca­ tendered to the Chinese Maoist leadership will not· lated levels of bombs and troops, Moscow gave be considered anywhere a contribution to the only the most minimal military and economic world's peace," a World editorial declared Feb. 11. aid to Hanoi. The war strategists in W..ashington On Feb. 22, the World reported on a speech discounted this aid as insufficient to deter their at a New York rally: "'One should have no il­ attack. lusions' about President Nixon's trip to China, Typical of the top-secret intelligence documents Gus Hall ... told a rally of 1,000 persons at recording Moscow's response to the escalation was Town Hall Saturday (Feb. 19). the estimate following the first U. S. bombing of n' It is not for peace, for the friendship of the North Vietnam in February 1965. In fact, Soviet American· and Chinese peoples,' he said. 'And it fremier Kosygin, who just welcomed Nixon to is accompanied by the most inhuman, savage Moscow, was in Hanoi when the first bombs came bombing of Indochina. The noise of the bombs is Photo b.y Flox Hermes down in 1965. so loud they may not be able to hear each other In his speech to the May 21 antiwar dem­ "Kosygin's reaction in. Hanoi was restrained," in Peking.'" onstration in Washington, D. C., CP presiden­ states the Pentagon document. "He pointed out that An interesting turn of thought appeared in a tial candidate Gus Hall tried to convince the the situation was 'fraught with serious complica­ March 2 article on Nixon's trip to Peking, by crowd that Nixon's visit to Moscow does not tions' and seemed to be favoring a negotiated World reporter Conrad Komorowski. It was en­ termination. In any event, in keeping with the titled "No secret deal?" "In announcing the return threaten the Vietnamese liberation struggle. view held in several influential Administration of President Nixon to the United States from his quarters that the USSR might be a valuable mod­ visit to China," wrote Komorowski, "the New York "Soviet citizens only a few days ago were ex­ erating influence upon Hanoi, Washington took Daily News found it necessary to assure its read-· pressing their indignation at Nixon's latest esca­ pains ·to assure Moscow that Kosygin's presence ers in boxcar type on page 1 (Feb. 29): 'Nixon: lation of the war in Vietnam," Davidow admits. in Hanoi during the US reprisal strikes of Feb­ We Made No Secret Deal.'" But they have nothing to worry about, says Da­ ruary 7-8 was an unfortunate coincidence and Komorowski comments, "It is the man who has vidow., because "An important CPSU [Communist no affront to the Soviet Union was intended.... made a secret deal who has to overprotest so Party of the Soviet Union) plenum on May 19 "Moscow's response was even more restrained much, you might say." addressed itself to the Nixon visit. . .. . The ple­ [than Peking's). While indicating that 'DRV' de­ In its blind factionalism against the Peking re­ num declared that in the Leninist spirit of pro­ fenses would be strengthened, some Mosco~ broad­ gime coupled with unquestioning servility to Mos~ letarian internationalism, the USSR would con­ casts took note of growing interest in the United cow, the American Communist Party doubly mis­ tinue to provide aid to the heroic peoples of In­ States and elsewhere for a negotiated settlement leads its followers. It depicts Peking as being in dochina." in Vietnam." (Book 4, Part IV. C. 3., pp. 24 and the same camp with imperialism and it depicts In its editorial column the same May 23 issue 30, emphasis in original.) . Moscow as being a reliable defender of the world of the World declared, "The resoluteness of the From tile start, and step by step as Washington revolution. Neither is true. Soviet Union provides the basis for negotiated escalated its murderous bombing, Moscow failed The bureaucrats in both Moscow ai'Id Peking settlement on several fronts. ·Its resoluteness and to call for a united front with other workers states are forced to give some aid to the Vietnamese self-sacrifice assure the Vietnamese people of the and for a massive international protest move­ revolution to avoid embarrassment in the face utmost support in their courageous struggle for ment. Mass Communist parties in France and of the world revolution. But both subordinate this independence. That has been, is, and will be the Italy did virtually nothing to mobilize their tre­ aid to their own policies of seeking to assuage position of the Soviet Union which is, it should mendous potential power. Moscow continued to world imperialism. be remembered, the predominant source for for­ provide only the most minimal support to Hanoi Both Moscow . and Peking participated in the eign aid to Indochina." and through diplomatic channels, always' ex­ 1954 Geneva Accords, forcing a settlement against And in case the reader of the World is still un­ pressed its willingness to pressure Hanoi into a the interests of the Vietnamese revolution. Both convinced, the same issue carries the text of a new compromise. Moscow and Peking bear responsibility for allow­ speech by Gus Hall, CP general secretary and And this actual historic record has been duplicat­ ing the U.S. attack on Indochina to be carried presidential candidate, delivered at the Washing­ ed on every point in the last two weeks, since out and to be escalated into the longest war in ton· antiwar march May 21. Hall declared: "H1av­ ing just returned from Moscow and Warsaw­ ! can tell you ·on the highest authority- that the continued all-out support of the Soviet Union and the other socialist countries to the just struggle of the people of Indochina-will not be up for· discussion or negotiations when Tricky Dick vis­ its those cities. Whatever the Vietnamese want they will get. Their all-out support to all struggles for national liberation has not been and will not be negotiable. Their support has been and is an un­ alterable fact of life. Anyone who says different is an unmitiga.ted liar." Moscow's record One trouble with this is that it is a matter of Just three days after Nixon announced the mining of Hanoi and Haiphong, Soviet trade min­ historical record that in 1954, at a previous crit­ ister Nikolai 5. Patolichev met with the President to dispel any doubts that the trip to Moscow ical turning point of the Vietnamese revolution, was still on. This meeting was never reported in the Daily World. Moscow (along with Peking) did intervene, through . the summit meetings at Geneva/ to negotiate away Nixon increased the bombing of North Vietnam American history. Both Moscow and Peking have the victory of the Vietnamese people. The mili­ to higher levels than ever before, in addition to failed to build a united front to defend the Viet­ tary forces of French imperialism had been de­ mining the port of Haiphong. namese. feated on the battlefield by the Vietminh, but Mos­ Moscow responded with mild diplomatic protest. One of the clearest proofs of this betrayal has cow and Peking pressured the Vietminh to give It hinted that military aid to Hanoi would be been Washington's ability to escalate the bomb­ up. "South" Vietnam to the imperialist puppets in increased, but whatever this involved, it was ob­ ing of Hanoi and to mine the port of Haiphong Saigon. Eighteen years of warfare- as Washing­ viously insufficient to hold back Nixon's new es­ in retaliation for the magnificent revolutionary ton used the Saigon regime as a launching pad calation. To top matters off, Moscow not only upsurge that began in March. for counterrevolution-followed this example of showed willingness to negotiate with Washington, Little wonder that the Daily World is devoting Moscow's "all-out support to ... struggles for na­ it welcomed President Nixon on May .22. so much . space to lying about the Kremlin's past tional liberation." The Daily World pretends that the war is not record and present policies. These are being ex­ The Pentagon papers show that following Ge­ up for negotiation in Moscow. This ignores the posed to the whole world in the press of events neva, both Moscow and Peking exerted pressure fact that the war is Washington's number-one prob- in Indochina- and in Moscow.

THE MILITANT/ JUNE 2, 1972 3 tion) passed a motion supporting the student de­ mands. A general strike involving · the bulk of the working class began May 15. Strikes, student upsurge .hit The principal demands of the actions centered on ending the "cooperative accords," better work­ ing conditions and a higher minimum wage for French control of Malagasy the Malagasy workers, and a change in the gov­ ernment. Since independence, the government has been controlled by the Parti Sociale Democrate (PSD- Social Democratic Party)-under President Philibert Tsiranana. Tsiranana has made conces­ sions in the formation of his government, firing Botokeky and calling in General Gabriel Rama­ nantsoa to serve as premier and to form a new government. Ramanantsoa 's appointment was favored by many of the demonstrators, who saw it as a break with Tsiranana's rule. According to the May 20 is­ sue of the Paris daily Le Monde, Ramanantsoa told the demonstrators May 19 that he would withdraw from power if he did not win their con­ fidence. The crowd's answer, Le Monde report~, was "Stay, stay!" Despite the support for Ramanantsoa, Le Monde reports that the demonstrators, especially the stu­ dents, are determined to continue their demonstra­ tions and strikes until all their demands are won. Thousands of students and /workers in streets of l:ananarive, Malagasy. Photos from Afrique-Asie Banner reads "Why is there no democracy in education?'' Le Monde also reported that on the same day the crowd cheered Ramanantsoa, tens of thousands By TONY THOMAS forced out of office by the recent events, once de­ of workers and students occupied the principal MAY 23- Over the past month, a deep social clared: streets of the cities. In addition, students told a Le crisis has developed in the African republic of "We have resolutely opted for French culture, Monde reporter that student strikes were taking Malagasy. Student strikes, massive demonstra­ and I can assure you of our youth's great at­ place throughout the Malagasy Republic in sup­ tions, fights with the police, a general strike by tachment to this culture." port of their demands. the workers in the capital of Tananarive and in Knowledge of French in Malagasy, as in most While Ramanantsoa has temporarily gained pop­ other cities, have taken place. The main demands of the other former French colonies, is the key ularity as an ''honest general," his social and po­ · have been for a change in the neocolonial out­ to education, good paying jobs and "respectabil­ litical background indicates that he will not be look of the government led by President Philibert ity." This policy not only created economic and capable of granting the demonstrators' demands. Tsiranana and for better conditions for the Mal­ educational hardships for the Malagasian peo­ A short biography of Ramanantsoa, entitled "A agasy worker&. ple; it also served to deny the self-consciousness Francophile Aristocrat," in the May 21-22 Le Malagasy, most of which is on the island of and identity of the Malagasian people and to sep­ Monde made this clear. Madagascar on the east coast of Africa, has a arate the French-speaking elite from the worker More than 60 years old, Ramanantsoa was edu­ population of more than six million.· It has a and peasant masses. cated in the French military academy and served tradition of struggle against French colonialism, The actions began after the student association as a colonel in the French colonial army. De­ including a- rebellion after World War II in which at the Befelatanana school of medicine was dis­ scribed as a profound conservative, he has the the French killed tens of thousands of Africans solved on· April 19, following months of struggle confidence of the French residents of Madagas­ to maintain their rule. on the campus. On April 24, high school and car. As Le Monde commented, "he wouldn't pass Malagasy gained formal independence in 1960. college students in Tananarive went on strike to for a man of the people." Le Monde also noted ·However, this independence was limited by a se­ support the medical students. On May 12, the that Ramanantsoa, who has been chief of staff ries of "cooperative accords" with France, which government arrested the members of the student of the Malagasy army since 1960, "seems never left much of the power in the hands of former strike committee. to have had a shadow of a difference in views" colonialists. More than 4,000 French troops are On May 13, police attacked a massive mobiliza­ with Tsiranana. stationed in Malagasy. In addition, 2,000 French tion in defense of the arrested students. More than Despite the illusions about Ramanantsoa, the "technical advisers" and a large number of French 30 marchers were killed; at least 300 were wound­ situation in Malagasy remains explosive. Tsira­ busiriessmen remain in Malagasy. French air ed; and more than 400 were arrested. The gov­ nana's announcement that he will not resign has transport played a major role in putting down ernment declared a state of emergency and banned only added fuel to the crisis. The workers and ·a rebellion of peasants in southern Madagascar further demonstrations. students remain mobilized for their demands. last year. Despite this, masses of Malagasy workers and The demands to end the grip of French impe­ In addition to the hold of the French military students have filled the streets every day since. rialism over the Malagasy Republic pose the ques­ and economic forces over their economy, the cul­ On the morning of May 13, the 30,000-mem­ tion of a profound social revolution in Madagas­ tural hold of France is also strong. Laurent Bo­ ber Firaisan'ny Sendika eran'i · Madagaskara car's entire social system and a fuller confronta­ tokeky, the minister of cutural affairs who was (FISEMA-Madagascar Labor Union Federa- tion with French imperialism. Th~ Militant gets .around ... IN RESPONSE TO OUR 'SELL THE MILITANT' artwork, and scope is incredibly good. Never have The National Review, or anything else that offers ad in the May 19 issue, a number of people have I spent 10 dollars more wisely. Please send me a what he thinks is a balanced view of the world." ordered weekly bundles. In the last few weeks we price list of back issues." To this Oden adds, "Some people might think have received the following orders from individuals The volume for May 1970-December 1971 can that's pretty- fast company, but it seems to me for regular bundles of The Militant: a bundle of be ordered from the ISR Business Office, 14 Charles to be a pretty accurate listing of' The Big Three.'" 30 and one of 10 from Washington, D.' C.; 25 Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014 for $10 each. from Santa Monica, Calif.; 20 from Baltimore; A JENNESS SUPPORTER AFTER 10 WEEKS: 15 and 10 from Gainesville, Fla.; 10 from Cincin­ 700 Militants and 265 International Socialist To give a specific example of what we mean when we say that The Militant is the Socialist Workers nati; 10 from Mt. Pleasant, Mich.; 10 from Chest­ Reviews were sold at the May 21 antiwar nut Hill, Mass.; 10 from Eugene, Ore.; five from Party election campaign newspaper and that cam­ New York City; and five from Duluth, Minn. demonstration in Washington, D. C. Sellers paign supporters should sell it, a subscriber in from Atlanta, Boston, and Cleveland did the Columbia, S. C., writes, "I just want to tell you BRUINS' SUPPORTERS BUY MILITANTS: Car-' best. how much I enjoy and appreciate The Militant. la Hoag from Boston reports that 18 Militants When I took out my introductory subscription, were sold at the Stanley Cup victory rally for the THE BEST PAPER I HAVE EVER READ: We I knew very little about the Young Socialist Al­ Bruins on May 12. "The Bruins were on one received the following letter from Samuel Bell, a liance and nothing about Linda Jenness. Now at balcony," Hoag writes, "while on an adjacent prisoner in Marion, Ohio: "I want to thank you the end of the 10 weeks, I am a solid supporter balcony several city employees were displaying for the support you give to all of the convicts in of the YSA platform, and I want to endorse Linda a large banner saying 'End the War; Keep the the prisons across the country. And for the sup­ Jenness's candidacy for president.'' Cup.'" port you give to all oppressed people all over If you want to spread the word about the cam­ the world. I've only read three copies of The paign in your area, you can fill out the coupon SPREADING THE WORD: With her request for Militant, but I feel that The Militant is the best below. Bundles cost 17 cents per copy, payable at a weekly bundle of 10 Militants, a subscriber in paper I have ever read, because it is interested in the end of each month. Ft. Worth, Texas, writes, "I've taken the intro­ the people.'' -NANCY COLE ductory subscription of 10 weeks and plan to renew my subscription for,a year. I read thorough­ THE BIG THREE: Dave Oden from Philadelphia Please send me a weekly bundle of Militants (circle ly each issue and I try to present to others the sent in a quote from the May issue of Civil Lib­ ------­one): information I get from it. I have already sold erties, the newspaper of the American Civil Liber­ 5 10 25 other two subscriptions, and I want to try_ to sell The ties Union. In an article entitled "Censorship in Name ______Militant weekly.'' the Military: Managing the News," the following paragraph appears: "There is one civil liberty a Address ______TEN DOLLARS WISELY SPENT: From Mem­ soldier does retain; and no officer can take it phis, Tenn., the International Socialist Review re­ from him: that is, how much credibility to . give ceived this note: "The ISR bound volume ('70- his source-and just which sources to tap. He City State Zip ___ '71) I received is simply fantastic. The analysis, can subscribe to The New York Times, The Militant, 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014

4 15,000 march in D.C. against the war speak out with a single voice, demand­ and the other socialist countries to Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, By LEE SMITH ing OUT NOW!" the just struggle of the people of In­ where several windows were broken. WASHINGTON, D. C., May 21- Andrew Pulley,. the vice-presidential dochina will not be up for aegotiation This group, pursued by cops, then Demonstrating the antiwar movement's candidate of the Socialist Workers Par­ -or even for discussion-when returned to the main rally site. A little determination to continue opposing ty, noted that while Nixon and the Tricky Dick visits those cities.... later on, they split away again and U.S. aggression in Indochina, some Moscow leaders "are embracing each Anyone who says different is an un­ ran by the Health, Education and 15,000 people took part in a peace­ other, the bombs will still be falling mitigated liar and does no service to Welfare building on Third Street and ful march and rally here today. Or­ on Indochina." the peace movement." Independence Avenue, where more ganized on an emergency basis as a Representative Bella Abzug men­ The significant trade-union endorse­ windows were broken. Again they re­ response to Nixon's latest escalation, tioned the Nixon visit, but emphasized ment of the action was reflected both turned to the rally site with cops in the action was spqnsored by the N a­ negotiations and setting a date-instead in the crowd and on the speaker's pursuit. tional Peace Action Coalition, the Peo­ Dwindling in size with eaCh for~y, _ ple's Coalition for Peace and Justice, the group contiaued to leave the Cjip­ and others, including trade unionists. itollawn, engage the cops, and return The . demonstration was called to the lawn until near the end of the around the demands: "End Support rally. Finding fewer and fewer follow­ to Thieu- No U. S.-imposed Regimes ers, those who led the forays finally in Southeast Asia!" "Stop the Bomb­ piled refuse in several places on the­ ing Now!" and "End the Blockade Capitol lawn and set it on fire. Dem­ Now!" -in addition to "U.S. Out of onstrators and marshals qu'ickly ex­ Southeast Asia Now!" tinguished the fires. Chanting "Out Now!" and other an­ Signs carried by those in the first tiwar slogans, marchers began mov­ breakaway "trashing'' forays identified • ing down Constitution Avenue from them as the "Attica Brigade," the "Anti­ the Washington Monument shortly be­ Imperialist Contingent," "SDS," and the fore noon. By one o'clock they had "Progressive Labor Party." assembled before the speaker's plat­ It is virtually certain that the pattern form on the Capitol steps, where most of ultraleft actions, making forays of them remained-until the rally ended away from the crowd and returning around 4:30 p. m. Overcast skies with cops chasing them, was influenced threatened rain all day, but the gray by provocateurs. It tended to give the weather did not visibly affect the seri­ cops an excuse for the gassing. This ous, militant spirit of the crowd. kind of mindless activity provides a Even· a series of police-inspired prov­ fertile climate in which police agents ocations that brought barrages of tear flourish. gas to the very edge of the rally three But it is a testimony to the serious­ times failed to disrupt the demonstra­ Photo by Flox Hermes District Council 37 of AFSCME brought five busloads of its members ness of the overwhelming majority at tion. Each time, the crowd responded the demonstr'ation that they refused to from New York City to the demonstration. with remarkable discipline. let these provocations derail the pro­ The size and spirit of the demon­ test. stration made it a notable success for the antiwar movement. The turnout of of withdrawal. The same was true of platform. Banners and hats in· the WASHINGTON, D. C., May 23-At 15,000, although much smaller than Sidney Peck, a coordinator of the Peo­ crowd announced the presence of sev­ a well-attended news conference here the largest actions organized by the ple's Coalition for Peace and Justice. eral hundred unionists from the fol­ today, Jerry Gordon, NPAC coordi­ movement, was a good size in light Peck scored Nixon's latest escalation lowing unions: District Council 37 of nator, scored the "dragnet arrest pro­ as "a desperate risk to escalate the of the particular circumstances affect­ the American Eederation of State, cedures" of police in arresting more / ing this demonstration. One obvious . conflict into an international crisis, County and Municipal Employees than 100. persons as they returned factor cutting across a truly massive and then attempt to effect a political (i\.FSCME); Local 259 of the United to their buses from Sunday's peace­ mobilization was the short time or­ settlement in Moscow and Peking fa­ Auto Workers ( UAW); Local 1199 ful ·protest. Among those arrested were ganizers had to build it. Called only vorable to U.S. interests." But Nix­ of the Hospital Workers; District 65 members of the United Furniture 11 days earlier, · the action was built on's gamble won't work because of of the Distributive Workers; Local 305 Workers and AFSCME District Coun- in barely more than one week. the Vietnamese's determination, Peck of the Brotherhood of Pulp, Sulfite -ell 37. All have been released on bail, Another ·tmportant consideration is said. He claimed the road to peace and Papermill Workers; the United and their respective unions are seek­ the impact of Nixon's visit to Mos­ "leads to . the negotiating table" and Furniture Workers, and others. ing to have the phony charges of cow. Many Americans believe that an said Nixon must "end support for the One of the persons cochairing the "parading without a permif' dismissed. end to the ~ar may result from Nix­ Thieu regime and set a date for the rally was Victor Reuther, former in­ on's trip. immediate and total withdrawal" of ternational affairs director of the LOS ANGELES-About 300 people A number of the rally speakers ad­ U.S. forces from Southeast Asia. UAW. Among the speakers were Jerry demonstrated here May 20 prptesting dressed themselves to the Nixon trip. Wurf, international president of Nixon's escalation of the Indochina Jerry Gordon, a coordinator of the Among the others who- mentioned AFSCME, and Cleveland Robinson, war and demanding that the U.S. National Peace Action Coalition, the Nixon visit to Moscow was Gus national president of the Distributive get out of Southeast Asia now. More said Nixon goes to the USSR "as he Hall, the presidential candidate of the Workers of America. than 3,500 protestors gathered in San went to Peking in hopes of achieving Communist Party. Hall said: "Hav­ Early in the day, before the head Jose tlie ·same day in a demonstration what he couldn't win -on the battle­ ing also just returned from Moscow of the march had reached the rally against the war and in support of field." But, Gordon said, "Nothing and Warsaw, I can tell you on the site, several hundred persons split Angela Davis. In San Francisco ~n short of total U. S withdrawal will highest of authority that the continu.ed away from the march and went to the May 21, about 700 persons marched bring peace. More than ever, we must all-out support of the Soviet Union Justice Department building at Ninth against the war. - Guardian writer backs Maoism at debate· By LEE SMITH consistently carried out a policy of there was a seeret agreement between Union was moving rapidly in the di­ NEW YORK CITY- Dick Roberts, a "peaceful coexistence." In practice this the U.S. and China. While he claimed rection of restoring capitalism. This staff writer for The Militant, and Carl ·has meant making deals with impe­ to disagree with the policy of "peace­ is so, Davidson maintained, because Davidson, a staff writer for the Guard­ rialism at the expense of revolutions ful coexistence," in a contradictory "Khrushchev abandoned the dictator­ ian, clashed here May 19 in a de­ outside China, Roberts said.. He cited fashion he declared his support for ship of the proletariaf' and this marks bate over the meaning of Nixon's trip the role played by Chou En-lai in the "five principles· of peaceful coex­ the division "between revolutionaries to China earlier this year. The meet­ the 1954 Geneva Conference on Indo­ istence." He defended Mao's support and bourgeois reformists." ing, held at Columbia University, was china as reported in the Pentagon pa­ to Pakistan, arguing that this alliance In his final summary, Davidson re­ jointly sponsored by the Guardian pers as one example. He pointed to provided China necessary protection peated time-worn Stalinist slanders and the Upper West Side Militant For­ Peking's support for Pakistan against from Indian aggression. that had previously shown up in um. It was chaired by Dr. Annette the Bangladesh freedom fighters, its Davidson ignored the question of Guardian editorials. "Who is it in this T. Rubenstein. Jack Smith, managing. support of the Bandaranaike regime Ceylon. In reference to the Sudan, country that wants to overthrow the editor of the Guardian, had been in Ceylon against the youth rebellion he pleaded ignorance but said that government of China and to smash scheduled to debate Roberts but was there, and its support of the Nimeiry he believed China's support to Ni­ its Communist Party?" Davidson unable to attend. regime against the Sudanese Commu­ meiry would be justified if the Sudan­ asked. "There are two forces within nist Party as examples of Maoist be­ ese Communist Party had a "revision­ this country that want to do that. Roberts stated the unconditional trayals in the last year. ist .program," which he said he sup­ One is the most reactionary quarter support of revolutionary socialists for posed it did. of the U.S. imperialists ·and the sec­ the gains of the Chinese revolution This record, combined with the lack Roberts countered that the question ond is the Socialist :Workers Party." - and the defense of those gains against of a meaningful response from Peking was not one of agreement or disagree­ Roberts, in his final summary, . iinperialism. But he differentiated the to Nixon's latest desperate moves in ment with a program in a confronta­ pointed out that Marx and Engels revolution from the Maoist regime, Indochina, shows that the secret talks tion such as the Sudanese events, but wdrked to build the First Internation­ explaining that revolutionary social­ between Nixon and Chinese leaders the question was one of class alle­ al, that lienin had founded the Third ists are "unalterably opposed to the involved bargaining at . the expense giance. He asked Davidson if he International, but that Mao and the dictatorial c1ique that rules in Peking." of the Indochinese, Roberts said. · shared Mao's estimation that the So- . Peking bureaucrats have done "noth­ Mao's regime, Roberts told the au­ Davidson argued that Roberts had viet Union is a capitalist country. Da­ ing concretely to unite the workers dience of more than 100 persons, has no evidence for his "speculation" that vidson said he thought the Soviet of the world."

THE MILITANT/JUNE 2, 1972 5 .In Our Opinion Letters

Indian movement spending $53.62 for them. It now I now receive The Militant and am takes 26 percent of our income to Kremlin's treachery somewhat disappointed about you buy food. So since July _of last year, Nixon has wiped out 6 percent of Moscow's welcome to President Nixon as U.S. bombers carry out people not publishing anything con­ cerning Indians. As you may know, our income with groceries alone. the most savage attacks against Vietnam in the history of the war before your white Columbus came I feel that The Militant should run is a monstrous betrayal of the Vietnamese rev.olution. to this land, we the Indians had a more articles on the small but grow­ No targets in North Vietnam are off limits to U.S. bombs. As the socialist government or understand­ ing consumer movement. Our report­ diagram below shows,. bombing of major population centers in North ing among us. As you also know, ing of them wouid give them a need­ Vietnam is a routine occurrence. To ensure greater accuracy, U.S. we have many different things going ed moral boost and offer direction planes are now using "smart bombs"-bombs guided by laser beams right now across the country that for them. or. television, which have "great intensity and apparently unusual ef­ are political. Also we are trying to R.B.· fectiveness" according to the May 24 New York Times. get something done about the geno­ Burlington, .Vt. In the. three ·days before Nixon's arrival in Moscow, U. S. bombers cide of the Indian in South America. flew 1,000 strikes against North Vietnam. Can you not publish anything about the Indian, or are you Dream world? In South Vietnam, only massive U. S. bombing support is staving against us? I am speaking for my If you represented a right-wing fac­ off the collapse of the Saigon armies.- This has been admitted by vir­ r~e and as an editor of a small tion of the Republican Party, you tually every leading capitalist newspaper and magazine that has club and Indian newsletter here in could not be more in tune with it in correspondents on the scene. the joint (prison) in Monroe, Wash­ opposing Senator George McGovern. But in Moscow the chief agent of U.S. imperialism received the red­ ington, called Inqians of all Tribes. In short, you are helping the right carpet treatment. NIXon was wined and dined by the Soviet bureau­ James L. Bird wing in electing Nixon. With a righ­ crats. To top it off, hundreds of American flags were mounted along Monroe, Wash. teousness and inflexibility that is Lenin Prospekt to greet the U. S. president on his trip from the airport! practically inexcusable for people of According to the press, the flags were put up shortly before and taken In reply- We consider the struggle your intelligence, you criticize Mc­ of Native Americans very important Govern for simply elucidating the is­ down shortly after Nixon's arrival. Such empty gestures can do noth­ sues and setting forth his positions ing to allay the justified suspicion of all supporters of the Vietnamese and we try to report major develop­ ments. So far this year The Militant in a manner which will be acceptable . revolution: Anyone who can greet the man who ordered the genocidal has carried the following articles on to a substantial portion of voters attack on the Vietnamese people is an enemy of that people. the Indian movement: in the Jan. 14 withouJ violating his basic integrity issue, an article on harsh treatment on the underlying issues and his of Navajo students at Intermountain basic principles. Indian School in Utah; in the March To expect more (I would say less) 24 issue, an article on protests over is to be naive and possibly simply the killing of Raymond Yell ow stupid! You would better serve the Thunder in Gordon, Neb.; in the objectives you purport to support by April 7 issue, an interview with Ago recognizing what is possible (or pos­ Sheridan of the American Indian sibly possible) in the real world (not Movement and an article on the pro- ' your dream world) and support a tests of Chicano and Indian studerits candidate who is viable and honest at Arizona State University against - McGovern. Think about it! racist prejudices; in the April 28 is­ L. R. and M. E. S. sue, an article on attempts to take Columbia, Mo. away Indian fishing rights in the Puget Sound area of Washington; In reply- We believe that the Amer­ and in the May 26 issue, an article ican people have accepted far too on a public meeting about Indian long "what is possible in the real The Ntw Yofk Times/MaY It, 1922. fishing rights in Washington. world"- which simply means accept­ ing the lesser of two evils from the Democratic and Republican parties. Right to bear arms Playing Nixon's tune We believe both of these parties are The capitalist class is trying to use the attempted assassination of Nixon has gotten it into his de­ controlled by big business and that they therefore cannot represent the George Wallace as a pretext to clamp down a little more on the free­ ranged mass of gray tissue that he interests of the American people. doms of working people and Blacks, Chicanos, and other oppressed and Thieu have the right to . go on If masses of working AAOple, Black killing Vietnamese and Americans nationalities. · people, and Chicanos stop support­ for the sake of two corrupt regimes Liberal Democratic and .Republican party politicians, as well as the ing the Democrats and instead build -one in Saigon, one in Washington. · capitalist-controlled news media, drew one common conclusion from their own independent movements And sadly but not surprisingly, the Wallace shooting: the need for stricter gun-control legislation. and political parties, this will not the Peking and Moscow regimes will Proponents of greater federal gun control favor banning the sale have the effect of aiding the right play Nixon's to.ne. Marxist-Leninists, wing. It will strengthen the entire of most pistols and requiring federal registration and licensing of guns my foot! Those degenerates aren't movement of the oppressed and used by ·police, the armed forces and hunters. The overall effect of worthy to handle the tiniest scrap of help the struggle to overturn the such restrictions, however, would be to limit the access to arms of the banner of socialist revolution, capitalist system. This is also the most American citizens. Such measures would not keep guns from those which, thanks to them, has been be­ most effective way to win concessions ,who are mentally disturbed or from those determined to use them foi" trayed too many times to mention! from the Democrats and Republicans antisocial purposes. Your editorial on what the "social­ because it places the maximum pres­ The Bill of Rights states that "the right of the people to keep and ist powers should do (but probably won't) is a good point. sure on them. We urge support to bear arms shall not be infringed." The makers of the first American the candidates of the Socialist Work­ K.J. revolution insisted that this provision be added to the U. S. Consti­ ers Party, who are campaigning for Ann Arbor, Mich. / tution. They knew from experience that unless the masses of people this perspective. have the right to carry arms, they cannot defend themselves against a tyrannical government. The right to bear arms is just as important to the American people Chicano prisoners today. If Black people are armed and organized, they can defend their · Prices and Joe Blow We are writing to appraise you as . communities against racist terrorism. It can be predicted that working There is much talk of rising food to our situation in San Quentin people will in the future need arms to defend their organizations prices but there has been little dis­ State Prison, and to obtain your against attacks by fascist goon squads. cussion on how it affects "Joe Blow support and the aid of your publica­ The May 18 New York Times, in an editorial calling for stronger down the street." tio:r;t in focusing on our ever-present gun controls, speaks of "the spreading terror of political a~sassina­ As "Joe Blow down. the street," we condition, so that our state of rage tion" and says that the availability of guns "triggers criminal instincts." would like to express how it affects against the brutality, harassment, The hypocrites who own the Times thus try to divert attention from us. We are 21 and· 25 years old and injustices, and oppression of mod­ ern penology will be voiced to re­ the real criminals in this society-the capitalist class and its police, have a daughter six months old. We began to compute our expenses ceive the support of all concerned military command, courts, and prisons. These are the big-tbri.e criminals. very carefully last July in order to readers of your publication. The capitalist system is the supreme .source of violence, both in this fight the living squeeze. At that The Chicano prisoners' bilingual country and around the world. The U. S. capitalist government is re­ time, we were taking home $180 educational facilities of·Projecto sponsible for the wounding and killing of well over two million Viet­ biweekly and buying an average of EMPLEO school has been constantly namese in the past decade of war. It is responsible for the deaths of 59 grocery items biweekly, spending the frontal target of oppressive at­ more than 100,000 Japanese in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. $36.80·. So food took, on the aver­ tacks, which are escalating each Under the capitalist system, the Mylais, the Atticas, the Kent State age, 20 percent of our income. day. It is understood why the prison and Jackson State murders, the dally police brutality- all .this is With the birth of our daughter in administration unleashes attacks on ''legal" violence. Before the monstrous crimes of the capitalist system, September, our biweekly take-home the Chicano prisoners who desire to pay rose to $200 and our grocery educate themselves concerning their the "crimes" of individuals- driven by poverty or by mental illness list grew longer. However, the im­ true history and language, because spawned by this system- are small indeed." mediate increase in grocery expenses upon becoming aware of our iden­ The American people must not be denied their constitutional right was under five dollars. tity we cannot overlook the fact that to bear arms. Instead, the U. S. government must be disarmed to m·ake As of April, we are buying on we have been victimized by the this world safe for humanity. the average 73 items biweekly and opium of a sickening concept that

6 The Great Society rules by force and hypocrisy and Media flexibility - The American A real josher-We don't know if Ern- vealed in the WCG book; A True continues to exploit our Raza and Armed Forces Vietnam Network used est Conine is a professional humorist, History of the True Church: "·In these brutalize our brothers in prisons. to say, "This is AFVN, serving the but he wrote an essay in the Los An- last days when the truth must go The rhetoric used by Warden Nel­ American fighting men 24 hours a geles Times on why businessmen like. around the world, Jesus chose a man son and his hired henchmen on al­ legedly having revolutionary ele­ day from the Delta to the DMZ." the wage-price program. "Many busi- who is amply trained in the adver- ments in the EMPLEO school proj­ They now delete geographical refer- nessmen like having government le- tising and business fields to shoulder _ ences. verage on their side in the effort .to the mission- Herbert W. Armstrong." ect is just another fabrication that projects ideologies of this capital­ hold down wages in· the face of pres- -HARRY RING Worldly crisis-A Vatican publication istic government that can only live sure from powerful labor unions," he reports the crisis of American Catholi­ reports. "And somehow they persuad­ through ignorance of oppression, cism· is so deep observers fear that in ed themselves that wages would be exploitation, and its brutality. 20 years the church could be "wiped controlled more strictly than prices. . 1972 has stimulated a profound out." The virus of secularism is Such innocence, among supposedly in­ relationship between the different spreading, they report, and such mat­ telligent and ·sophisticated men, is sur­ classes of our peop-le. The explosion ters as afterlife are regarded as ir­ prising." of intolerable oppression has un­ relevant. Many regard the church as masked the sleeping giant of the significant only to the extent that it The sllver lining- In a well-ordered Brown Civilization. Diffusion or na­ relates to such problems as war, pov­ free-enterprise system, problems are tionalism, socialism and democracy, erty, and injustice. There is hope that profitable. For instance, the growing whatever, we must do it as a single a "silent majority" will emerge to save popularity of bicycling has produced unit, not as Eln individual whim the institution. a corresponding growth of bicycle rip­ called greed. For this same entity, Old West justice-A druggist who au­ offs. But this in turn has produced greed, is the basis for any and all thorities claim swindled the state of a gratifying increase in the sale of dissent within our very own ranks. California out of $!-million pleaded bicycle locks. They go for as much Individualism must be put aside in guilty to flling $500,000 in illegal as $25, according to the Wall Street order to obtain a machine that can­ medical-care claims. Noting that he Journal, and some w.eigh as much not and will not be sidetracked by refused to return $370,000 still miss­ as some of the.bikes. - any foreign perversions. ing and that he showed no remorse, In closing, we would like to take the judge really laid it on. He gave His true messenger- How did Herb­ this opportunity to compliment you "This pamplllet repiKes yoar the druggist a sentence of one to 10 ert W. Armstrong get to be founder for your fine publication. We remain nise. It tells .fOU how prlas .e years, which means that he can't get of the $30-million-a-year Worldwide your brothers in struggle. bei11g controlled." out for at least nine or 10 months. Church of God? The ' answer i's re- La Raza Unida Party San Quentin Prison Tarnal, Calif.

Wants advice I am now trying to get together a paper not unlike your publication, Women= The Militant. We seem to be one and the same as far as our beliefs are concerned on major issues, such · as an end to the Vietnam caper; The Insurgent Majority women's rights, the right to an abor­ She points to the May 1971 Houston Chicana confer­ tion; an end to the harassment of CHICANA FEMINIST ON 'REVOLUTION ·WITHIN ence of nearly 600 women as "a gigantic step forward Black leaders such as Angela Davis; A REVOLUTION'- The April issue of Mademoiselle con­ in the entire Chicano movement." " . . . this new breed and a general dislike towards Mad tains an article by Jennie Chavez called "Women of the of bronze womanhood, as all women today, will be a Bomber Milhous. Mexican-American Movement." Chavez helped found Las vanguard for world change," she says. This is why I am writing you, in Chicanas, a group of Raza women formed in Decem­ the hope that you, as an established ber 1971 at the University of New Mexico in Albu­ paper of national distribution, would querque. In her article she takes up the special oppres­ SEX DISCRIMINATION IN EDUCATION:....New York help a brother who is trying to sion facing Chicanas and the relevance of the feminist has passed a state law barring sex discrimination in the public schools. The law deals mainly with the courses bring about a local paper and movement for both Chicanas and Chicanos. and athletic activities from which women students have strike center. Anything that you "Chicanas, traditionally, have been the tortilla-makers, traditionally been excluded. Under the new statute, women coulci lay on us, like your ideas on baby-producers, to be touched but not heard. As the will be allowed to take shop courses; men will be able starting a paper or any other related social revolution for all people's freedoms has progressed, to elect courses in home economics. Some school sports information would be a blessing. so . Chicanas have caught the essence of freedom in the will be opened to women, but the law stipulates that the We really dig The Militant. air," she writes. "Mexican-American women have been reluctant to speak up, afraid they might show up the Commissioner of Education has the final say in deter­ M.D. Elyria, Ohio men in front of the white man.... mining which all-male teams will become coeducational. "Now, however,". she continues, "the Chicana is be-· A related development is a new position paper from In reply- There are four publica­ coming as well-educated and as aware of oppression, the New York State Board of Regents stating that New tions we could recommend to any if not more so, as the Mexican-American male. The women York's public schools and universities are "clearly re­ radical publication as sources of are now ready to activate themselves. They can no sponsible for perpetuating discriminatory attitudes toward news about movements here and longer remain quiet and a new revolution within a rev­ women." abroad. olution has begun." The Regents cite textbooks, curriculum, and counseling For news on the antiwar move­ Chavez rejects the idea that Chicanas organizing as programs for their role in establishing "sexual stereo­ ment: The Student Mobilizer, 150 Chicanas cuts across the struggle for national liberation. typing." • Fifth Ave., Room 911, New York, The position paper also contains recommendations for N.Y. 10011. increased hiring of women as school principals, college On the abortion movement: presidents, professors, and deans. The Regents point out WONAAC (Women's National Abor­ that although 58.7 percent of the employees in public tion Action Coalition) Newsletter, schools are women, only 3 percent ·of senior high school 150 Fifth Ave., Room 315, New principals are female. Other recommendations from the York, N.Y. 10011. Regents are for equal pay for women in the schools and For international news: Intercon­ for an end to discrimination against female applicants tinental Press, P. 0. Box 116, Vil­ to 'universities. lage Station, New York, N.Y. 1001~ ($7.50 for 26 weeks). 'SfORT' MAGAZINE DISCOVERS WOMEN ATH­ For news on Latin American LETES- SPORT magazine's editors finally admit in struggles and political prisoners: their May issue that "For years this· magazine has USLA Reporter ( U. S. Committee for treated women athletes in a rather condescending way." Justice to Latin American Political The editors say· that the performance of female athletes Prisoners), 137 A West 14 St., New at the Winter Olympics and an influx of angry letters York, N.Y. 10011 ($2 for 10 issues). from readers have forced them to recognize women's participation in sports as legitimate. " ... from now on we will look at women in sports first and foremost as The letters column is an open 'forum athletes .... We believe that there are better ways to por­ for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ tray women in our magazine than as mere sex objects," eral interest to our readers. Please they report. In line with their new policy the editors keep your letters brief. Where neces­ announce- albeit reluctantly-that they are discontinuing sary they will be abridged. Please in­ the annual SPORT Campus Queen beauty contest. dicate if your name may be used or if you prefer that your initials be used ANTI-ABORTION BOUNTY HUNTERS-An item titled instead. "The Abortion Vigilantes" in the May 6 New York Post reports that the South Dakota Knights of Columbus has Photo by Harry Ring posted a $5,000 reward for the first arrest and convic­ Chicano antideportation demonstration in Los An­ tion for an illegal abortion performed in the state. g_eles. -CINDY JAQUITH THE MILITANT/JUNE 2, 1972 .. 7 OPEN LETTER FROM liNDA JENNESS TO SUPPORTERS OF

8 By CAROLINE LUND paign for the governorship in 1962. MAY 22 - In the recent Democratic Conforming with tlie national AFL­ presidential primaries, Alabama Gov­ CIO's longstanding policy of support~ ·ernor George Wallace has scq_red some ing the Democratic . Party, the AFL- significant victories with his dema­ ' CIO affiliates in the South have con-:­ gogic campaign. sistently supported Dixiecrats like Wal­ In the May 2 Indiana primary, Wal­ lace. And it is labor's support to the lace lost a close race with Senator· Democratic Party that has hamstrung Hubert Humphrey, winning 41 per­ workers from fighting against the low cent of the vote· to Humphrey's 47 wages; unempltiyment, and antiunion percent. In Tennessee on May 4, Wal­ policies throughout the South. lace won .with 68 percent. On May Similarly, it was the Democratic-con­ 6 Wall ace won with more than 50 trolled Congress that passed the Eco­ percent of the vote in North Caro­ nomic Stabilization Act that paved the lina. And on May 16 in Michigan AFL-CIO have provided no alterna­ News dealt with Wallace in an ar­ way for Nixon's wage control and Maryland, he won with 5.1 per­ tive to Wallace and other racist Dem­ ticle entitled "Humphrey is choice of schemes. And it is labor's support cent and 39 percent. ocrats. They have failed to formulate state AFL-CIO": for the Democratic Party that has held These primaries- and especially his policies of militant struggle to unite "Despite his claims, Governor Wal­ workers baCk from fighting to end Michigan victory- have shown that white and· BlaCk workers against their lace is not a working man's candi­ wage cop.trols. Wallace is receiving support from a common enemy-the capitalist class. date. His record in Alabama is ample The only alternative to Wall ace the significant number of working people The UAW has failed to lead a con­ proof of that. Unemployment in Ala­ AFL-CIO bureaucrats offer is to urge and trade unionists- those who sistent struggle against racist oppres­ bama is among the highest in the workers to vote for Hubert Humphrey. should be most opposed to Wallace's sion, just as it hasn't led a struggle 'nation. Wages are low. Per capita in­ But what does Humphrey stand for? right-wing, racist, antilabor politics. against wage controls or 'the war in come is low. The number of families Would he rescind the wage controls? R. W. Apple reported May 18 in the Vietnam, which is the prime cause of living in poverty is second only- to Does he have any solution to infla- · New York Times that according to a inflation. Mississippi. tion or unemployment? His record as Times survey, Wallace won the votes Michigan AFL-CIO officials claimed -"Crime is high. Education and vice-president in the Johnson admin- of one half of the United Auto they mounted a campaign against health care are poor. In Alabama, . istration and his support of wage con­ Workers Union members and their Wallace before the primary. But their where he has had the power for many trols proves that he is no friend of families who voted in Michiga-n. The anti-Wallace effort was a sham. years to better the lives of the people, labor. same survey estimated that two-thirds First of all, the state AFL-CIO did Wallace has done nothing." The truth is that none of the Dem­ of all ''blue collar" voters cast their not release its anti-Wallace literature · This is all true. But when the AFL­ ocrats- Wallace, Humphrey, or Mc­ votes for Wall ace. until late in the primary campaign, CIO General Board made these same Govern- have any solutions to the Although the Times did not report ostensibly to see whether Wallace was charges against Wall ace during his deep problems facing working people on the returns from Michigan's BlaCk gaining significant support among 1968 campaign for the presidency, in ·this country. Despite their promises communities or on surveys of BlaCk trade unionists. Columnists Rowland Wall ace answered that the Alabama and demagogy designed to snare trade unionists' voting patterns, it can Evans and Robert Novak reported AFL-CIO had supported his cam- Continued on page 22 be · assumed that few BlaCk people March 24 that Michigan AFL-CIO voted for Wall ace. President John W. Schmitt "ruled out What are the reasons for tliis sup­ any distribution of the anti-Wallace port to Wall ace among white trade pamphlet in advance on gro_unds it unionists? could dangerously build up Wallace." According to the Times survey of ·· On May 11 UAW Vice-president Michigan primary voters, the two Douglas Fraser said that the union issues of greatest concern were crime would not point to support for Wal­ and busing. The prom~nence of both lace by the Ku Klux Klan and John of these issues is due to the racism of Birch Society because this might in­ whites, who want more police and "law crease votes for wallace! and order" measures aimed at the Instead of projecting a program that Black community and who want to could inspire and rally workers to preserve the relatively privileged edu­ fight against the serious problems they cational opportunities of their children face, the union bureaucrats engaged at the-expense of Black children. in this fancy but totally ineffective foot­ WaUace appealed to these racist sen­ work in the primary eleetions. '~his timents. In addition, he appealed to is no way to fight the threat that Wal­ workers' frustration with high taxes, lace poses. rising prices, unemployment, and the The AFL-CIO anti-Wallace literature unresponsiveness of elected officials of did not challenge Wallace's national both the Democratic and Republican political stands but only his record parties. in Alabama. For example, here is The leadership of the UAW and the how the May 10 Michigan AFL-CIO The National Picket Line IDAHO MINERS- On May 11, the last of the 91 workers. McKee also charged the Bureau of Mines few inspectors before the Coal Mine Safety Act was miners killed in a fire in the Sunshine silver mint­ with failing to investigate the disaster adequately. passed. With the new money allowed, they were able at Kellogg, Idaho, were brought to the surface­ One of the rescued miners testified before a House to hire and train only 200 more. Mines are sup­ ending a vigil of families and friends who have Labor subcommittee that he had never been tr!:lined posed to be inspected several times each year- and huddled at the mine head since the fire broke out in the use of the respirators each miner was s~p­ on a sudden, drop-in basis. Some mines never see on May 2. posedly supplied with. He also reported that there an inspector. And factories! One factory owner said Two young miners were rescued alive· after they had never been a fire drill in the two years he worked that in the six years \he had' been in business he had had spent more than a week in a clean-air shaft in the mine. never once been visited by a safety inspector. they had found. Anotlfer 108 men in the mine when The company disclaims, as yet, ·any knowledge It is significant that the Sunshine disaster has had the fire broke out were near enough to exits to es­ of what started the fire, which is still raging. They one effect on other hard-rock mines in the Kellogg cape immediately. suggest it may have been "spontaneous combustion" area. The nearby Bunker Hill mine, the largest in Frank McKee, western district United Steel Work­ in one of the crudely closed-off shafts where the sil­ the area, has asked the Bureau of Mines to make ers up.ion director, ·accused the Sunshine Mining Com­ ver ore had been exhausted. its annual inspection immediately. The Bureau has pany of "callous disregard" for the of its Theoretically, this mine was supposed to have been also announced that it would inspect all 24 of the reexamined on March 31 for violations found in lead, copper, and silver mine!! in the area by May 19. a ·previous Bureau of Mines hispection. There are Meanwhile, there have been 41 more funer~ls. A conflicting repor_!:s as to whether this reinspection spokesman for the town of Kellogg said that al­ was ever made. The company claims it was and th~ugh the town is "stunned," "business as usual" that all violations had been cleared up. goes on. The funeral business is booming. Its profits for This disaster is another tragic example of how 1972 will be way above average. industry and its government flaunt the law. Dur­ ip.g the last two years there have been two federal A SIX-WEEK STRIKE of the Sheet Metal Workers safety laws passed, one covering the nation's mine union against the Bowling Green, Ky., plant of the workers, the other covering workers in industry and Koehring Co., manufacturers of portable industrial transportation. Yet neither law has reduced the num­ heaters, was settled early this month. It was typi­ ber of injuries (two million) and deaths ( 5, 000) cal of many small strikes iii small'towns; suffered annually by working men and women. The agreement called for a modest 20 cents an Politicians, who represent the boss's government, hour increase for each .of the next three years. Only use social legislation to placate their voters. What 140 workers are covered, so no Pay Board review most voters don't know, however, is that these safe­ is required. ty acts merely lay down the ground rules. They Low wages and small gains without cost-of-living are useless unless followed by another bill providing clauses make such settlements suitable to the em­ ---.~~;--:-;_~~ funds to enforce those rules. Although such money ployers. Even such small gains, however, usually .. ~ --:~,...... bills were passed in the case of both safety laws, come only after strike action. Without union organi­ =~=----~.. ~~· they were . so small that actual inspection of mines zation, employers are encouraged by government A survivor of Sunshine Mine fire climbs ....from and mills is impossible... wage controls to refuse any and all pay raises. rescue cage. The Bureau of Mines, for instance, had far too -MARVEL SCHOLL

THE MILITANT/JUNE 2, 1972 9

\ idea of an all-African army to liberate the colonies By TONY THOMAS and the Blacks of Rhodesia and South· Africa. On April 27, Kwame Nkrumah, former president He also maintained growing economic, political, of Ghana, died of cancer in Bucharest, Rumania. and military relations with the· USSR, Eastern He had gone there from his exile in Conakry, Nkrumah= Europe, China, and Cuba. Guinea, to seek medical treatment. Nkrumah' s limited natiohalizations raised the specter of more fundamental attacks on imperial­ For the past 20 years, Nkrumah was consid­ ered one of the most important leaders of the ist and neocolonialist· power if a mass mobiliza­ African revolution. Many supporters of the Af­ tion were sparked. a Marxist These factors, plus Nkrumah's decision to make rican revolution, including Pan-Africanists, saw more stringent moves, especially in agriculture, his ideas as guides to revolutionary action. For made him the target for a rightist coup by im­ this reason it is useful to draw a balance sheet perialist and local procapitalist forces. He faced of his actions as a leader of Ghana. But first assessment assassination attempts several times before the let's examine the major problems that Ghana faced 1966 coup that overthrew him. U. S., British, and both before and after independence was won in other imperialists mounted an international anti­ 1957. Nkrumah ca~paign that painted him as a "Com­ Before independence the problems were similar munist dictator." to those faced in other African countries. The econ­ Despite this serious threat, the instruments Nkru­ omy revolved around the dominant crop of cocoa, mah chose to use in the "socialist transformation" which made up between 50 and 70 percent of of Ghana were inadequate to the task. Neither his the country's exports. Though most of the cocoa party nor the bulk of the governmental apparatus lands were owned by African farmers, most of could be relied upon for a life and death struggle the profits went to British cocoa buyers because · against capitalism. of a world slump in cocoa prices. In addition, most workers on cocoa lands owned no land but Multiclass party were employed by a tiny handful of rich cocoa The Convention People's Party was not· a rev­ farmers. olutionary-socialist party based on the most ex­ Only by seizing the large profits of the cocoa ploited sectors of Ghanaian society, who werelarge­ farmers, as well of those of less importa:qt im­ ly excluded from political life. Although it adopted perialist-dominated industries such as bauxite, Nkrumah's "socialism," in the early 1960s it con­ gold, and diamond mines, co·uld Ghana acquire tained large numbers of people economically and the necessary capital to industrialize and end eco­ politically committed to maintaining capitalism. nomic domination by British and American im­ It included many of the original lower-middle­ perialism. class leaders who had prospered &.nd gainea new This could only be done by a major social positions of entrenched capitalist power under revolution. It would entail a life and death struggle Nkrumah's regime. In addition, larger, more con­ with British and American imperialism, as well servative capitalist elements were forced to function as the capitalist cocoa farmers, who included the through the CPP after other parties were banned chiefs and other leaders of traditional African so­ in the late 19508. Both of these elements occupied ciety. Still another social force set against such positions of political and economic power in the a transformation was the large retinue of law­ party and state. They grew even more attached yers, doctors, professors, civil servants, and army to the status quo through bribery and favoritism officials in Ghana who had been spawned by both from native and foreign capitalists. the cocoa farming and British colonialism. The army, the police, and the civil service were The Ghanaian social forces that would have all- according to Nkrumah' s own description in· benefited from such a. transformation and that Dark Days in Ghana- drawn from conservative had the social power to carry out such a social British-trained sectors of society. revolution were the urban workers, the agricul­ · Nkrumah made no effort to mobilize or orga­ tural laborers, and the poor farmers- the people nize an armed militia based on workers and farm­ who produce Ghana's wealth. Only a socialist hands. Assessip.g the 1966 coup in his b'ook Dark revolution as carried out in Cuba and China could' Days in Ghana, Nkrumah stated that he envisaged have accomplished these tasks. the formation of a militia in the. distant future · While most of· the neocolonial leaders of Africa after the unification of Africa. simply accepted the economic status quo and at­ In his book Consciencism, Nkrumah not only tempted to become cogs in the wheel of imperial­ denied the existence of real class struggles in Af­ ism and local capitalism, Nkrumah did attempt rica but stated that in states such as Ghana, "the to reverse these conditions. Unfortunately, he re­ passage to socialism lies in reform." His "mixed jected the course of social revolution and was economy" followed this path by attempting to recon­ finally forced to give up power to forces within cile the contradictory forces of state-owned and Ghanaian society devoted to world imperialism. private industry, strengthening the hold of impe­ rialist and neocolonialist elements of the economy. Tw.o-stage theory The Volta River project- Ghana's major "so­ During Ghana's struggle for national indepen­ cialist" scheme-was a good example of this policy. dence, Nkrumah attempted to separate the struggle It was to be financially controlled by the Kaiser and against economic exploitation from the struggle Reynolds aluminum trusts of the U. S. and largely of the Ghanaian people for national independence. planned by U. S. government specialists. Under This is an impossible task if real economic and Nkrumah's terms, Reynolds and Kaiser would political independence is the aim. have received Volta electricity for 30 years at "Thus, every movement for independence in a cost. Such cheap .rates for electricity made it pro­ colonial situation contains two elements," he de­ fitable for Reynolds and Kaiser to import alu­ clared in the early 1960s, "the demand for po­ minium from other countries instead of develop­ litical freedom and the revolt against poverty and ing Ghanaian bauxite resources. exploitation. Resolute leadership is required to sub­ Kwame Nkrumah · On Feb. 24, 1966, the leaders of the Ghanaian ordinate the understandable desire of the people Ghana's goal. Some nationalizations took place, army and police seized power under the direction for better living conditions. to the achievement of but almost exclusively in the trade, transport, util­ of the CIA and its British counterpart. Nkrumah' s the primary aim of the abolition of colonial rule., ities, and mining sectors. Full com~ensation was myth of a "Ghanaian .road to socialism," which (p. 51, Africa Must Unite. International Publish­ given to the capitalists whose industries were taken. included neither class struggle nor a revolutionary ers. 1972. Emphasis added.) However, no serious attacks were launched on confrontation with the capitalists, was shattered. While Nkrumah' s "resolute leadership" helped win the cocoa capitalists' massive holdi~gs. Most of the gains won by Nkrumah were lost, independence for Ghana, it did not challenge the Nkrumah's "soCialism" did not include defense including free education, health care, and housing socioeconomic bases of the, capitalists' strangle­ of the Ghanaian workers against native and for­ programs. Most nationalized industries were sold hold on the cocoa and mining industries. Nkru­ eign capitalism. An ·example of this policy came back to the capitalists. mah' s party, the Convention People's Party ( CPP), · in September 1961 when a general strike broke Nkrumah, woo was in Peking at the time of the did· not define itself as a socialist party in its ini­ out in Ghana's three major cities, Kumasi, Accra, coup, was forced to live in exile in the Republic tial program in 1949. In fact, it did not define and Sekondi-Takoradi. The strikers were protest­ of Guinea, where Sekou Toure named him co­ itself as a party based o~ the urban workers and ing exorbitant sales taxes on basic staples, gov­ president. poor farm workers. They are not even mentioned ernment control of the unions, and a government­ Nkrumah's experience in power proved that with­ in the program. This approach. prevailed until imposed 5 percent "complusory savings." out mobilizing the masses of workers and rural the early 1960s. The CPP's real social base and Nkrumah intended to squeeze capital out of the poor against the capitalist landholders and their leadership came from teachers, ·students, clerks, Ghanaian workers rather than from the imperial­ imperialist masters, it is impossible to take even small officials, and small businessmen. ists and native capitalists. He denounced the strik­ initial steps toward winning the elementary de­ While some British officials were replaced by ers- most of whom were workers in private firms mands of full political independence and land re­ Ghanaians, the civil service, the police, and the -as "counterrevolutionary." Supporters and lead­ form -let alone industrializing and modernizing armed forces wer~ dominated by conservative ers of the strike were imprisoned after the strike the country. Ghanaians tied to ··the cocoa capitalists and Brit­ failed. Only by relying on the armed and organized ish imperialism. Nkrumah made no effort to re­ By opposing the independent struggles of Gha­ might of the masses of people, not on neocolonial­ structure Ghanaian society by establishing organs naian workers, Nkrumah' s regime actually ist armies, c. an a nation like Ghana expect to. ma-in­ of democratic control by the workers and agri­ strengthened the power of the Ghanaian and im­ tain its independence. cultural laborers. peril}list employers- the main opponents of his The chief instrument of the full national and Ghana's economic strategy during the first four attempted "socialism." social liberation of Africa cannot be parties like years of independence was completely centered· on But Nkrumah did pose a danger to imperial­ the CPP tpat attempt to hold together irreconcil­ increasing capital investment from ip1perialist ism through his international and certain of his able social forces. What is needed is the construc­ countries. domestic· policies. He was the foremost advocate tion of revolutionary-socialist parties based on After this policy led to economic disaster, Nkru­ of Pan-African unity, giving active aid to anti­ the strategy of national liberaVon through social­ mah declared in 1961 that "socialism" would be colonial fighters throughou~Africa. He raised the ist revolution.

10 More lnass action needed. How to fight U.S. involvement in Africa By JOHN HAWKINS· Rhodesian chrome; the demonstration The African Liberation Day demon­ at the Azalea Festival in Norfolk, Va., strations taking place this weekend against NATO and the Portuguese mark the opening of another front wars in Africa; and the sit-in by Black against U.S. foreign policy. They join Harvard University students protest­ the movement against the Vietnam ing Harvard's investments in Gulf Oil, war in opposing Washington's drive a major financier of Portuguese mil­ for global domination. itary operations in Angola-have be­ Like the Thieu regime in Saigon, gun to place the issue of American the white-settler regimes in South Af­ involvement in Africa squarely before rica and Rhodesia and Portuguese the American people. rule over Angola, Mozambique, and In addition, these actions have fur­ Guinea-Bissau could not long survive ther educated those participating in without massive military, financial, them on the need for continued action and political backing from the United in defense of the liberation struggles States. American businessmen are of our brothers and sisters in Africa. acutely aware of this fact. For de­ The success of these actions points cades they have invested heavily in up the possibility for continued actions Southern Africa in order to take ad- of this sort. Moreover, the responsive chord they struck among Afro-Ameri­ cans shows that mobilizations like the Blacks in Atlanta May 27 actions have the potential march against war to involve increasing numbers of the According to the May 22 Great Black community. Speckled Bird, about 50 Black anti­ Although demonstrations such as the May 27 actions do not have the war demonstrators marched from power in and of themselves to end the Atlanta University campus to U. S. support to repressive regimes Photo by Robert Van Lierop the Georgia state capitol on May in Southern Africa, they are the start­ Mozambique villager sits beside Frelimo guerrilla fighter. Like Saigon 11. Speakers at a rally held there ing point for building a movement regime, Portuguese colonialism could not stand against liberation included representatives from the that · can help to bring this involve­ movements without U.S. aid. ment to an end. Black Panther Party and the South­ U. S. big business and its repre­ be aided by such actions against the from Cambodia in 1970, the wide­ ern Christian Leadership Confer­ sentatives in Congress and the White government's policy there. Projects for spread antiwar sentiment among ence, as well as a Vietnam vet­ House are acutely aware of the sensi­ raising funds, medical supplies, and American G Is, and the inability of eran and a man whose son had tive position they occupy as support­ other needs of the liberation fighters the Nixon administration to use Amer­ been killed in Vietnam. ers of racism, apartheid, ·and exploi­ would also be boosted. ican ground troops in their current tation · on the African coptinent. At In mapping out such an action cam­ escalation of the war, all attest to vantage of the near slave labor con­ the same time, they don't want to paign, , important lessons can be the power of the mass movement that ditions there. In order to protect their forego the advantage of cheap labor drawn from the experience of other has been built in opposition to the investments, American businesses fi­ and the superprofits they can reap movements, especially the antiwar war in Vietnam. nance apartheid in South Africa and as a result. movement in this country. U.S. ag­ The statement on Nixon's new es­ the colonial wars of Portugal. They Instead, American corporations are gression in Southeast Asia is the cen­ calation of the war in Vietnam re­ do this both through their own re­ trying to cover up the actual condi­ tral issue in world politics today and cently released by the African libera­ sources and through their control of tions of the African workers they ex­ the movement against it is crucially tion Day Coordinating Committee both parties in Congress. ploit. They have undertaken a mas­ important. clearly points out the connection be­ To effectively challenge American sive campaign to defend and jftstify Starting out as a relatively small tween Washington's war there and the $Upport to these regimes, it is nec­ their involvement in Southern Africa. number of students, this movement wars it finances in Africa. In fact, essary not only to expose the role . Demonstrations can help expose these has grown from one reflecting the as part of ending U. S. involvement of the corporations but also to de­ lies and make it more difficult for opinion of a tiny minority to one in Africa, activity against U. S. ag­ mand that the U.S. government cease the government and big business to that has the support of the overwhelm­ gression in Southeast Asia should be all aid to Portugal and the white mi­ carry out their current policies. ing majority of the American people. encouraged. nority regimes in Southern Africa. A campaign of mass action demand­ Through consistent educational ac­ To the extent that Washington can The first step to be taken in this ing that the U. S. government end its tivities, such as teach-ins, speaking get away with aggression in South­ process is the education of the Black support to Portugal and the racist tours, and rallies, and through con­ east Asia, it will be emboldened in community in the United States and regimes in Southern Africa would en­ tinuous mass actions in the streets its efforts to stem the tide of revolu­ the population of the country as a hance all other efforts to aid the Af­ protesting U. S. aggression in South- · tion in Africa. The reverse also holds whole on the real role played by rican liberation struggle. Legislation east Asia, the antiwar movement has true. Stopping U.S. aggression in American business and government such as that introduced into Congress become a factor that the White House Southeast Asia will make it more dif­ in Africa. _ by the Congressional Black Caucus must reckon with' before making any ficult for the U. S. to launch another The demonstrations that have taken calling for the liquidation of U.S. in­ move in Southeast Asia. counterrevolu'iionary effort in Africa, place during the past two months­ vestments in Southern Africa and the The partial victory represented by Asia, Latin America, or anywhere else the protest against the importation of Portuguese colonies in Africa would the withdrawal of American forces on the globe. May 21 cornm,!~~~.. ~~!~.m!:~t.Pn.J{~!\~~ro The following statement. was .is- of the most notorious crime, ing Committee has been formed to the hypocritical pre-Vietnam sue~ May 12 hy the. Af~Ican Lib- the Portuguese-run, U. S.-supplied to bring together Africans in game being played by this cbun- erahon Day Coordmating Com- wars in Africa are no less brutal. America to support our brothers try in Southern Africa and Guinea-· mittee, the coalition that called and The same napalm that is dropped and sisters· in Southern Africa, we Bissau. · is organizing the May 27 African on Vietnam is dropped on Angola; realize, as the freedom fighters do, It has been said that Africa will Liberation Day demonstrations. the same bombs can be found that to fight imperialism in Viet- be the next Vietnam. There are raining in· Mozambique; and the nam is to fight it in Southern Af- only two "things to say about such Richard Nixon has once again U.S. policy of "South Africaniza- rica, and we stand firmly with a speculation: First, it is recon- been forced to a new low in inter" tion" of the African Continent is the heroic efforts of the Vietnam- firmed every day that America national relations with his recent even more effective than the "Viet- ese people to rid their land of cannot handle the Vietnam it nas act of open aggression against the namization" of Indochina; the first French, and now American now- much less another one. Sec- people of Vietnam by mining the same principle is present: bribe domination. ond, it is becoming increasingly harbor of Haiphong and threat­ a small clique of power-hungry Nixon must realize that the peo- clear that the Black masses of this ening to bomb North Vietnamese politicians to defend America's in- ples of the world can no longer be country will not sit idly by and see airfields. The African Liberation terests, supply them with as many intimidated into submission or this happen. It is with a deep sense Day Coordinating Committee, guns, planes, bombs, and dollars bullied into slavery. The path to- of outrage that we denounce the though primarily concerned. with as they want, and then order them wards freedom for the people of naked aggression of Mr. Nixon acts of European and U.S. im­ to persecute or murder anyone Southern Africa, as in Vietnam, and the U. S. government. But perialism in Southern Africa, can­ who dares to stand up and strug- is clear: our people cannot be even this act, like everything, has not let this latest outrage occur gle for his right to be free. turned around. We can be slowed, two sides to it. For while we are without strongly protesting Nix­ The issue of imperialism ·in Af- but we can never be stopped outraged,• we are also heartened, on's gangster tactics. The list of rica. is inseparable from the issue again. And as Nixon's latest, most because we know that this was United States crimes against the of imperialism in Asia and the desperate gamble indicat~s, the the desperate act of a desperate oppressed peoples of the world is Americas, for they are all part United States has discovered that man in a hopeless situation. And long; from South Africa to the of the same long-standing master- it can no longer play with the Mr. Nixon's plunge tells us again Dominican Republic, from Korea plan for domination of the re- lives and destinies of oppressed what we already knew: that the to Guinea-Bissau, from Mozam­ sources and labor of the entire people anywhere on this planet. people of Vietnam, like the peo- bique to Cuba, the actions of this world by those- who rule the On May 27th, ten thousand Black ple of Southern Africa, will surely government speak for themselves. UJ)ited States. So although the Af- people intend to show Mr. Nixon, win without a doubt.

THE MILITANT/JUNE 2, 1972 11 sha The following article is from Labor the president of. the jail guards' union The movement quickly took on the government and the law to the ut­ Challenge, a revolutionary-socialist urged his members not to accept the character of a general challenge to most and rip the fabric of orderly biweekly published in Toronto. It is three labor leaders into the prisons. the status quo. When a group of society in total disregard to the in­ reprinted from Intercontinental Press, "It is the deputies [of the National · strikers from Saint~Jerome, aboutforfy terests of the people.... We must as­ where it appeared in slightly abridged Assembly] who should be in their miles north of Montreal, set up a pick- . sume that what has been happening form for reasons of space. place," he sai"'- those who are respon­ et line at the big General Motors these past few days in Quebec is not 'By DICK FIDLER sible for the back-to-work Bill 19. plant at nearby Ste-Therese, the auto representative of public feeling gener­ MONTREAL, MAY 15-The mas­ With the jailing of the labor lead­ ·workers went on a wildcat strike. A ally, for if it were, a major part of sive strike wave, now almost a week ers, commented the trade-union week­ manager trying to enter the plant was Canada would be on the verge of old, continues across Quebec in the ly Quebec-Presse, "it was as if with stopped· by a picket: "No one goes revolution." wake of the jailing of the three pres­ one blow the 600,000 Quebec union in; there's no work today." And further on: idents of the major labor bodies. members they represent had been "By whose authority?" the manager "While the past stateJ:llents of the More than 100,000 workers at last_ jailed." For Quebec workers, it cat­ asked. ' common front leaders about their ob­ count- in private and public sectors, alyzed their frustration and resentment "By the authority of the workers jectives have been alarming enough, industrial, professional, ·Vf bite-collar, at low wages, hopeless working con­ of Quebec," he was told. the most disturbing feature of the pres­ and service workers-have spontane­ ditions, and national oppression. AI].other boss started complaining ent situation is the evidence it presents ously walked off the job. Their imme­ "No precise watchword was given, to a picket, who turned, smiling, 0f how far their ideas and ideology diate demands are: the freeing of the but the spontaneous strike movements, toward his fellow strikers: "It's all have permeated the lower leadership right. He doesn't speak French- but and general membership of the unions he's learning." in Quebec. The strikes and violence rNEWS BULLETIN A high point of the strike wave so have been widespread and· the num­ far is on the N orfu Coast of the St. bers participating considerable. We Strike endS; u_nlon leaders Lawrence, especially Sept-lles, where are witnessing a new surge of a third for the rrrst time in Quebec history, political force in Quebec, one outside are released from Jail "the unions completely control the city. the normal political structure of go:v­ By DICK FIDLER Also released yesterday were 31 We can close or open the bars, the ernment and opposition; one in fact TORONTO, May 24- The pr~sidents local union officials who had already stores, the shops, and the schools as dedicated to their destruction. The po­ of Quebec's three labor federations appealed. They had chosen last week we wish," in the words of Clement tential is extremely dangerous, and were ' freed • from jail last night, to begin serving their prison sentences Godbout, a steelworkers' representa­ it will have to be contained arid dis­ pledging a "fight to the finish" against in a show of' support for the three tive. armed by legitimate authority." the Liberal government. central leaders. "The takeover in Sept-lles began on · Trudeau has so far feigned an at­ Fines totaling half a million dol- Tuesday night," writes Louis Paquette titude of comparative unconcern, ap­ Marcel Pepin of the Confederation. -Iars have thus far been levied by t:p.e in the revolutionary-socialist paper parently in the Belief that at this stage of National Trade Unions (CSN), courts against the public employ'ees Liberation. ~"Thousands of workers the worst blow to Bourassa would Louis Laberge of the Quebec Federa- unions. More than 49 union leaders demonstrated at the courthouse against be to encourage the belief that Ottawa tion of Lapor (FTQ), and Yvon have received jail sentences. Many the imprison,ment 'of the three labor is about to step in and "resolve" the Charbonneau of the Quebec Teachers cases remain to be tried. leaders. The cops charged the crowd, crisis-as it did with the army and Corporation (CEQ), have appealed The labor leaders said a "major wounding several and arresting the War Measures Act in October 1970 contempt-of-court convictions they re~ factor" in their decision to appeal and others. The next morning the workers -over the heads of the Quebec gov:­ ceived for urging their memberships apply for bail was a movement now responded: a general strike paralyzed ernment: to defy strikebreaking injunctions dur- underway to split the 235,000-member the city of 22,000 inhabitants. The ing the strike in April of 210,000 CSN. Three members of the. CSN's forty-five-man police force wa·s over­ English Canada public wprkers. · five-man executive have announced whelmed and unable to do anything. As for the English:Canadian labor Earlier yesterday, the government they will launch a rival "nonpolitical" The strikers quickly erected barricades _movement: Delegates to the Canadian , had rejected their application for day federation. They claim the support of on the highway-into town and blocked • Labor· Congress

12 Quebec trade unions ces .need their own ·party The following statement was issued the "forces of order" and those who _ by the Ligue Socialiste Ouvriere, the maintain Quebec in the linguistic and organization of revolutionary social­ national oppression of Canadian fed­ ists in Quebec. It is reprinted from eralism. The PQ refuses to ask the Labor Challenge. · government to grant a postponement of the sentences against the three labor By imposing the infamous Bill 19 leaders, and it refuses to demand the on the trade unionists of the public . withdrawal of Bill 19. Instead, the and parapublic sectors, taking away PQ attacks the victims of the govern- · 'their fundamental democratic right to ment, blaming them because they have strike, and by handing down a max­ not taken advantage of "the right of imum sentence of one year to the three appeal," while accepting the charges labor leaders- Yvon Charbonneau, and the barbarous sentence imposed Louis Laberge and Marcel Pepin-'­ by Bourassa. for trade union activity, the Bourassa In contrast to all these bourgeois government shows its real face, that parties which are devoted to the main­ of an antilabor government which has tenance of capitalism and the double sold out to the foreign bosses and the oppression of the Quebecois workers, federal government in Ottawa. the Ligue Socialiste Ouvriere, an in­ That is why the Bourassa govern­ dependentist organization, fully sup­ ment refuses to concede the just min­ ports all actions carried out across cops protect scabs on sanitation trucks during strike imal demands of its employees, like Quebec by the workers who are 'seek­ the $100 minimum per week and job ing the liberation of their leaders and ada to concretize the intent of the con­ the capitalist system." security, while at the same time grant­ the withdrawal of Bill 19. vention resolution. The upsurge has revealed anew the ing subsidies of several tens of mil­ The main lesson to draw from this In the face of Quebec labor's un­ tremendous power of the Quebec work­ lions of dollars to the exploiters of struggle is the necessity for the Quebec precedented show_ of strength, the Bou­ ing class, its explosive capacity to Quebec like the American ITT and working class to break with bourgeois t: ass a Liberal government has been shake the whole nation in a direct International Business Machines. politics and with all bourgeois par­ unable to intervene. Having attempt­ challenge to the government, judiciary, Bourassa, the faithful servant of ties, including the Parti Quebecois, to ed to crush the workers with the "blud­ and all established institutions. Trudeau, is not alone in his assault create its own mass political party. geon-law" Bill 19, it now presents an Only a week ago, in the wake of on the rights of the labor movement Let's rely only on ourselves! The trade image of great weakness- imploring the defeat of the public workers' strike and his attempt to deprive the union union centrals in ·Quebec must launch the jailed labor leaders to appeal their by Bill 19, it seemed to many that movement of its leaders. He is aid­ a labor party, the indispensable arm sentences so that the government may the labor movement was in head­ ed by the judicial system, this mech­ in the Quebec workers' liberation release them! Bourassa has refused long retreat. Attempts by the leader­ anism of the bosses indispensable to struggle capable of carrying all strug­ all calls for amnesty and has shown ship to inspire another general strike, keeping them in power on-the backs gles-electoral or extra-parliamentary no inclination to appeal the sentences this time in the private sector and of the working class and the majority like strikes, demonstrations and occu­ through his own Justice Department. of limited duration, had met with con­ of the Quebec nation. pations- to the political level. As throughout - the civil-service siderable resistance, On May 3, the. All the political parties now in the Only the mass labor party, initiated strike, a major obstacle facing the 30,000-member provincial civil ser­ National Assembly have lined up on by the union centrals, is capable ,of labor movement has been the lack vants union of the CSN had bolted the side of the government against replacing the antilabor Bourassa gov­ of political support from any party. the ranks of the Front Commun and the labor movement- including the ernment by a government of the work­ The independentist Parti Quebecois returned to the negotiations table Parti Quebecois. While posing as the ers and farmers at the head of a Que­ (PQ) has deri.ounced the strikers, urg­ under the pressure of Bill 1 9. "people's party" and an independentist bec that is free, independent and ing them to return to work. PQ leader CEQ leader Charbonneau, address­ party, the PQ has aligned itself with French. Rene Levesque, in a special statement, ing a mass meeting of Montreal teach­ accused the unions of "leading us to ers the day before he was sentenced, the brink of anarchy." was booed when he defended the gen­ He and other PQ ·leaders have re­ eral strike action of the Front fused to support the calls for amnesty Commun. and .repeal of Bill 19, urging the labor It took only a spark, however, to leaders to "take advantage of their relaunch the strike movement, this right of appeal and to exhaust all time in new sectors and on a in uch judicial recourses at their disposal." more generalized, more political plane. The PQ's antilabor position has pro­ Whatever the outcome of this imme­ voked some sharp criticisms of the diate· upsurge, it is certain. that the party leadership. Speaking to several lessons of this historic experience will thousand w,orkers and their families dominate the debates of the CSN and who rallied at a "picnic" outside the CEQ conventions, which are scheduled walls of Orsainville jail May 13, in the next two months. The recent CSN Montreal council PresidentMichel ·polarization of Quebec society gives Chartrand attacked. Levesque as a new content· to· the radical anticapital­ "traitor" who "wants an institutional­ ist manifestoes that are being present­ ized labor movement, integrated into ed to the delegates for adoption. workers ran a town Here is how Quebec-Presse (May 14) des Travailleurs du Quebec- Quebec reported the workers' seizure of Thet- Federation of Labor] and CEQ [Cor­ ford Mines, a mining town in the East- poration des Enseignants du. Quebec Saint-J6rome ern Townships, southeast of MontreaJ. -Quebec Teachers Corporation], are ···:.···' ensuring that there is no violence. The Thetford Mines, a city of 23,000, city is controlled by radio (eight is in the hands of the asbestos workers sending and receiving stations) and and workers of the public and para- at the least skirmish or incident the public (hospitals and schools) sector. unions can rapidly intervene to put The municipal police tried to intervene things in their place. yesterday morning during the occupa- All alcohol outlets are closed. Only tion of the radio station. They had small grocery stores are open, the the support of about 30 provincial big ones having been warned not to 'Revolt on the airwaves,' reads sign. Police break down door of radio police officers. A trade union spokes- open their doors. They were only al­ station in town of Saint-Jerome to evict unionists who had occupied person remarked to the police, who lowed to do so yesterday afternoon were largely outnumbered by the when the small establishments began the station. Striking workers were broadcasting news of massive strike strikers, that "the dynamiters are on to run short of essential items. wave against Quebec antilabor Bill 19 and jailing of union leaders. our side, not yours." The police, we're In the downtown area, there was told, understood. The police were also a street dance all afternoon and eve­ told it was best they not call for re- ning, yesterday, with various bands. inforcements. The union announces moreover that Everything is under control in the the city council is collaborating com­ city where the unions involved, CSN pletely with the workers: a telegram [Confederation des Syndicats Na- has been sent to Bourassa demanding tionaux- Confederation of Nation- the withdrawal of Bill 19 and amnesty al Trade Unions], FTQ [Federation for all those sentenced.

THE MILITANT/JUNE 2, 1972 13 Suit filed to contest '71 Socialist Florida election law • MIAMI- The Committee for Demo­ Supporters of the SWP presidential cratic Election Laws ( CoDEL) filed ticket have collected 51,600 signatures suit May 9 in U.S. District Court for -nearly double the requirement of the Southern District of Florida chal­ 27,960 valid signatures. The 10-cent Cam lenging part of the Florida election fee, according to the law, is to defray code. The suit, filed on behalf of So­ the cost of checking the signatures. cialist Workers Party candidates Linda The attorneys for the suit contend Jenness-Pulley campaign supporters because three Muskie youth leaders, Jenness and Andrew Pulley, challenges that such a requirement violates the are petitioning to put the Socialist Luce says, attended the February Stu­ the requirement that ~candidates equal protection clause of the Four­ Workers Party on the ballot in Sen­ dent Mobilization Committee antiwar seeking ballot status outside the Demo­ teenth Amendment since it discrim­ ator George McGovern's home state conference. He claims they did so with cratic or Republican parties must pay inates against those who cannot af­ of South Dakota. More than 3, 000 Muskie's "blessings" and "approval." 10 cents for each name submitted on ford such a fee. They have requested signatures were obtained in the first Luce notes "a sharp contrast" in nominating petitions. the convening of a three-judge federal week of the petitioning campaign. Ap­ the McGovern campaign. "In fact," Bill DuFresne and Tobias Simon panel to hear the case. proximately 3,500 signatures are re­ he writes, "a Youth for McGovern are the attorneys for the suit. A press conference, held outside the quired; but the Young So~alists for spokesman was highly critical of the Miami courthouse where the suit was Jenness and Pulley are attempting to Student Mobilization Committee, be­ filed, was attended by radio and TV collect 7,000 to assure a ballot spot cause of its close affiliation (sic) with reporters, as well as by reporters from for the SWP. the Socialist Workers Party. Chris two Miami newspapers. Jack Lieber­ "We ran into people supporting Mc­ Hansen acknowledged that some man, Socialist Workers Party candi­ Govern who were convinced that Jen­ members ,of the McGovern youth or­ date for Congress from Florida's 2nd ness would cut significantly into the ganization had attended the Feb. SMC C. D., spoke on behalf of Jenness and McGovern vote in South Dakota," convention. However, Hansen insist­ Pulley. commented one petitioner. "A few of ed that the young people were not Lieberman said he was confident them actually refused to sign the pe­ from the McGovern National Cam­ that the filing fee would be found un­ tition." But many young people paign staff and that the South Dakota · constitutional. He noted that in Febru­ seemed to recognize the difference be­ Senator had not sanctioned their par­ ary the U. S. Supreme Court had in­ tween a socialist and a liberal Demo­ ticipation in the Trotskyite event." validated Texas filing fees and said crat and welcomed the opportunity the lawyers expected that the decision to give the South Dakota voters a 1'he Aprll 28 Asbury Park (N.J.) Eve­ in that case would be considered an real choice, petitioners reported. ning Press reporb! that 65 students important precedent. at Rumson-Fair Haven Regional The attorenys have requested an im­ High (Fairhaven, N.J.), staged a sit­ mediate injunction barring state elec­ in Aprll 27 at the school's Social tion officials from requiring payment Studies Resource Center protesting the Jack Lieberman of the fee. failure of the school administration to list in the school bulletin a meet­ ing for William Warrick of the New Jersey Young Socialist for Jenness and Pulley. Washington socialists The students drew up a list of de­ mands and held a rally on April 28. On May 12, Warrick was finally al­ challenge filing fees lowed to address a gro~p of studenbi. By MIKE KELLY Supreme Court decision invalidating Below are excerpts from letters re­ SEATTLE- The Committe_e for Dem­ Texas filing fees as an extremely im­ cently received by the SWP campaign ocratic Election Laws ( CoDEL), has portant precedent for the case this office: announced that it is preparing a case year. In addition, a Co DEL-sponsored "Recently, I had the opportunity to against Washington's candidate filing­ suit was successful in invalidating the see Ms. Linda Jenness. I was very fee requirement. Those seeking public fees required for a candidate to place impressed by her. I have be-en trying office in Washington must pay a fee information in a California voter to follow as closely as possible Ms. equal to 1 percent of the annual sal­ booklet. This precedent will also be Photo by Flax Hermes ary for the office sought in order to Jenness and Mr. Pulley's c~mpaign, cited. May 21 antiwar demonstration m but it gets pretty hard. What I wanted appear on the primary or general Washington, D. C. were some campaign materials, such election ballot. The fees range from as posters, bumper stickers, buttons, $36 to $425. The April 14 issue of the underground and literature. There are about 20 Candidates must also pay between newspaper Lancaster (Pa.) Indepen­ friends of mine who wanted some stuff, $100 and $200 to appear in the can­ dent Press carries an article by Ron too, so could you send enough to didate-description book mailed to each Sirak on the Socialist Workers presi­ go around?" G. C., Se Louis, Mo. voter in the state. In addition, candi­ dential campaign. dates not running on the 'Democratic "Of the political parties challenging "Send as many McGovern Truth Kits or Republican party ticket must hold the Democrabi and Republicans in this as my $1 check pays for. This ex­ a convention of their supporters on year's election," Sirak writes, "the So­ posure of a capitalist politician- no state primary day. Financing this con­ cialist Workers Party seems to have matter how 'radical' a candidate may vention costs up to $1,000. one of the broadest platforms. That sound-truly tells the story about'this In cooperation with the American is to say, SWP has a program that country's political system. Civil Liberties Union, CoDEL will exists for more than just this election. "McGovern's campaigners also , seek a ruling from the Washington Rather, as their campaign literature have his voting record printed up­ attorney general invalidating the fees. states, SWP is interested in 'organiz­ to show how 'good' a politician he If the attorney general fails to rule on the constitutionality of the fees, ing the ~merican people to change is. You highlight what the McGovern this society and the oppression it has staff would rather have. kept quiet, ACL U attorneys Barry Barnes and caused.'" so please send the Truth Kits as soon Eugene Moen will file suit in_federal district court. Plaintiffs in the suit are Doug Swanson Sirak goes on to i>utline the Social­ as possible.'' B. K., Seattle. ist Workers platform and concludes three Socialist Workers Party candi­ Support for CoDEL's efforts is dates: Doug Swanson, for governor; growing._ Among the organizations by commending the SWP for "openly The following posters are- available Anne Montague, for secretary of state; that have endorsed CoDEL are the stating 'where they see the root of from the Socialist Workers Party na­ and Judy Moschetto, for U. S. Con­ University of Washington student or­ America's problems to be •• ~ • their tional campaign office for 10 cents gress from the 7th C. D. ganizations for Jenness and Pulley, attitude toward the campaign seems each (or four cents per poster on bulk Several Washington voters, includ. Eugene McCarthy, and George Mc­ to be ·in terms of presenting a rev­ orders): "Linda Jenness for President," ing Bernadine Garrett of the Seattle Govern; the executive committee for olutionary and workable program to "Andrew Pulley for Vice-President," Welfare Rights Organization, have in­ the state board of the Washington the people. Unlike the campaigns of "Black Control of the Black Commu­ dicated an interest in joining the suit Democratic Council (New Democratic some other candidates, the campaign nity," "Repeal all anti-abortion laws," as coplaintiffs. The voter plaintiffs will Coalition); the state board of the of Jenness and Pulley is aimed at "Control Chicano del Barrio Chicano," argue that their constitutional rights Young Democrats of Washington; the politically educating the people so they "Bring the troops home now, Stop are abridged by the high fees, since International Socialists;-the Freedom can control their own lives rather than the bombing," "Vote Socialist Work­ these fees deny poor and independent Socialist Party; the Socialist Workers being just concerned with numbers of ers," and a poster of Eugene V. Debs. votes.'' candidates access to the pallot. Party; Radical Women; and the Young Send all contributions, literature re­ The proposed suit will be the third Sociali;t Alliance. Supporters of Co­ Writing in the May 9 Manchester quests, and inquiries about petition­ in three years brought by independent DEL will be introducing resolutions (N.H.) Union Leader, Phillip Abbott ing to get the SWP on the ballot in candidates against Washington's fil­ for endorsement of CoDEL into the Luce, right-wing publisher of "The your state to Socialist Workers Cam­ ing-fee requirement. Courtroom ma­ King County and statewide platform Pink Sheet on The New Left," attempts paign, 706 Broadway, Eighth Floor; neuvers by the state have prevented conventions of'the Democratic Party. to red-bait Senator ·Edmund Muskie New York, N.Y. 10003. a decision before election day in the To send contributions or to obtain and the Youth Coalition for Muskie -STEVE BEREN past. more information, write to CoDEL, The attorneys point to a recent U. S. Box 70316, Seattle, Wash. 98107.

14 Unprecedented response· received In drive to put socialist candidates on state ballots Linda Jenness and Andrew Pulley enthusiastic, after a weekend pe­ to help the. team collect nearly 3,000 plan to launch the drive for signatures tition drive. They collected more signitures in four days. -Jexas in earnest on May 27. In prepara- than 5,500 sigriitures to help place The team had originally taken a tion, they have begun scouting the Linda Jenness, Andrew Pulley, and quota of 3,000 signitures for the By EVELYN SELL Boston area, sampling the response a full slate of lllinois statewide SWP week, but after they collected 1,500 HOUSTON, May 21-More than40,- of/ the Massachusetts voters to their candidates on the November ballot. in the first two days, they decided to 000 signatures have been collected in petitions. This weekend's drive climaxed the raise their quota to 4,500. just two weeks to place the Socialist "We've already collected 3,000 sig­ first week of petitioning, in which al­ "Now," says Rayson, "I'm· sure Workers Party on the Texas ballot. natures," reported Jeannie Reynolds, most 9,000 signitures were collected. we'll go over 5,000. Almost no one Although the law requires 23,000 sig­ one of the organizers of the petition Twenty-five thousand valid signa­ on campus refuses to sign. And new natures, campaign supporters are drive. Reynolds said that 636 signa­ tures are required but the SWP plans campaign supporters keep volunteer­ aiming for 45,000 to guarantee a bal­ tures were gathered at the May 13 to collect 40,000 to assure a place ing to help us petition every day." lot spot. antiwar demonstration in Boston. Ap­ on the ballot. Almost half of the signitures col- The impressive response to the Tex­ proximately one-third of those at the as swe· s statewide petition drive is rally signed. clear proof of the deep antiwar sen­ At the University of Massachusetts, timent in this state. When told of the 582 signatures were obtained in less socialist candidates' stand for imme­ than five hours. At Massachusetts Bay diate withdrawal of all U. S. troops Community College, a campaign table from Indochina, a frequent response . was set up and 200 people signed is "Let me sign that!" petitions in three hours. Young people waiting to buy tickets Massachusetts law requires that the to a Rolling Stones concert in Hous­ signers of a single petition sheet must ton were so enthusiastic about put­ all be residents of the same town. So ting the socialist candidates on the far, petitioners have gathered signa­ ballot that petitioners collected more tures from more than 150 towns. than 100 signatures per hour. To facilitate petitioning, tables will Photo by Brion Shannon The results of the drive are even be set up daily at the Burlington Mall, SWP campaign supporter petitioning in 1'968, when a total of 117,400 the largest shopping center in the state; more significant in light of the fact signatures were obtained to place socialist candidates on the ballot in that many campaign supporters also Harvard Square; Boston Common; worked hard to build antiwar activ­ and Roxbury, Boston's Black com­ 19 states. This figl,lre has already been surpassed during the 1972 SWP ities in the last two weeks. munity. ballot drive, which has a goal of nearly 500,000 signatures. The SWP In the course of collecting signa­ Next week, mobilizations of 100 pe­ exp.ects to be on the ballot in more than 30 states in November. tures, petitioners have been abJe to titioners each are scheduled for Thurs­ add many names to the list of cam­ day and Friday night and all day · This is the first time that the SWP lected so far come from the Chicago paign supporters. One petitioner Saturday. On Saturday night, May presidential ticket will appear on the area, where petitioners report an un­ signed up 43 endorsers of the Jenness­ 29, a kick-off rally will officially lllinois ballot. precedented response, especially in Pulley ticket. Two young people launch the petition drive. Peter Ca­ When the lllinois statewide drive the Black community. signed petitions and then asked to mejo, national chairman of the So­ was launched a week ago, campaign One petitioner in the Black commu­ join the Young Socialist Alliance: A cialist Workers Party 1972 Campaign orga~zers considered postponing pe­ nity reported that 90 percent of the number of signers have called fhe SWP Committee and former candidate for titioning since most campaign work­ people she asked signed the petition headquarters asking for more infor­ U. S. Senate from ¥assachusetts, will ers were deeply involved in helping after she explained that Pulley was a mation. speak. to organize protests against Nixon's Black activist and a former antiwar One petitioner, a veteran of many In addition, the campaign commit­ latest escalation in Indochina. G I and that the SWP' stood for · previous socialist ballot drives in sev­ tee is sponsoring a series of six classes "Instead," said petitioning organi­ Black control of the Black commu­ eral other· states, declared, "I've never to be held on Monday and Wednes­ zer Peter Archer, "we decided to or­ nity. seen anything like it!" day nights during the petition drive. ganize our ballot drive in coordina­ Anyone who can help petition in Included in the class series will be tion with antiwar activity. We launch­ lllinois should contact the campaign talks ori the history of socialist elec­ ed our tlrive at the May 13 emer­ headquarters in Chicago at 180 N. tion campaigns, how socialists view gency demonstration in Chicago, Wacker Dr., Room 310, or call (312) Mass. the Democratic and Republican con­ where we collected more than 700 263-5838. By JEFF POWERS ventions, Black political action, and names. Since then, we've had peti­ BOSTON, May 21- Plans for the in­ a hist

-THE MILITANT/JUNE 2, 1972 15 support of the April Coalition in his were quite incensed ·over Mayor Wid­ and in the Democratic Party. bid for mayor.· But Jprmal endorse­ ener's "betrayal" and dismayed by the His bid for the congressional! nom­ The following is the first of four ment was withheld when he refused breach between Bailey-Simmons and ination was not successful. But his · articles on the April Coalition in to endorse the police control referen­ Hancock. They now explain that it campaign did succeed in siphoning Berkeley by Harry Ring, head of the dum. will be necessary to wait for the 1973 enough activists away from the pio-· Militant's Southwest Bureau. He spent By election night it was clear that elections in order to win a majority neering antiwar Vietnam Day Com­ several weeks in Berkeley gathering Coalition supporters and leaders iden­ on the council capable of building a mittee to render it inoperative. material for these articles. tified with Widener. Returns were tele­ better Berkeley and inspiring move­ In 1967, the Community for New vised at the Berkeley Community The­ ment activists around the country. Politics ran Robert Avakian, an as­ By HARRY RING atre. As it became clear that Widener Meanwhile, it's worth reviewing sociate of Scheer, for the Berkeley City The "Allende strategy" has supplanted was winning, the Red Family, a what has happened so far and seeing Council. The CNP also endorsed Del­ the "Guevara strategy." Berkeley ultra-left group, chanted, "Ho what light the Berkeley experience lums, who was making an initial bid At least that's the estimate of some Ho Chi Minh, the Coalition's Gonna sheds on the whole concept of radi­ for a council seat as a Democrat. of Berkeley's graduate street-fighters Win!" and waved NLF flags. Widener cals trying to advance their cause by Avakian didn't make it, but Dellums who have moved from trashing to appeared at the Coalition victory par­ working to build a "power base" with­ did. ''working within the system." ty and was greeted with an enthusiasm in the existing political structure. In 1970, forces in the CNP persuad­ It was a· year ago April that the that made it clear the Coalition lead­ While the April Coalition was osten­ ed . Dellums to seek the Democratic headlines proclaimed a "radical take­ ers regarded Widner's victory as their sibly nonpartisan- as are the City congressional nomimition. He won the over" of the Berkeley City ,Council. own. Council elections- the decisive com­ nomination and subsequent election. While the announcement was at best A tabulation of the votes revealed ponent of the coalition was the or­ Now a prominent figure in the Demo­ premature, the.re had been a signifi­ that while he lacked the formal en­ ganized adherents of the Democratic cratic Congressional Black Caucus, cant victory at the polls. dorsement of the April Coalition, Wid- Party. These included the Berkeley Co- Dellums is an understandably enthu­ siastic spokesman for the Berkeley version of "new politics." In practicing the "new politics," Del­ lums has demonstrated a very flexible tactical approach. In the Berkeley elec­ Problems beset ·radicals' tions, he not only supported the April Coalition slate but also gave his bless­ ings to mayoral aspirant Widener. Modest accomplishments in Berkeley City council What have the April Coalition and Black Caucus nominees been able to Students at the University of _Cal­ ener owed his election to the votes of alition and the New Democratic Cau­ accomplish during their year in of­ ifornia at Berkeley joined with a the supporters of the Coalition. The cu~- both regarded as "left" Democrat­ fice? broad spectrum of community activ­ bulk of his votes -like those for Han­ ic Party caus:uses- and the leadership They and their supporters readily ists in a loose alliance for the elections, cock, Bailey, and Simmons-came of the April 6 Movement, the student admit the gains have been modest the April Coalition. In a bloc with from the student-populated precincts. group that mobilized campus support They attribute this to the fact that the Berkeley Black Caucus of the Dem­ for the coalition effort. they are a minority on the council ocratic Party, the April Coalition con-· Widener's 'betrayal' The April 6 Movement operated out and to the disagreements that have tested for four vacancies on the nine­ Immediately after the elections, there of the offices of Ken Meade, a Demo­ emerged between them. member City Council. They elected were high hopes that the "radicals" cratic state assemblyman from north Loni Hancock put it this way in three of the four and also provided could establish a majority on the Berkeley. Meade was the driving force an interview in the Sept 15, 1971, the votes to elect a Black mayor pre­ council. With Widener elected mayor, behind the 1970 effort to register stu­ San Francisco Chronicle: sumed to be generally sympathetic to his council seat was vacant. Despite dents and radicals into the Democrat­ "Until we get more radical council­ their aims. his refusal to support the community ic Party. He supported the April Co­ men, I don't think anything really The basis for the united effort by control proposition, it was presumed alition and Widener and opposed the creative or important will happen in the April Coalition and Black Caucus that Widener would line up on major community control of police referen- the next two years: But we must move was common supp-ort to a referendum away from violence and confronta­ which, if passed, would have decen­ tion, official or otherwise." tralized the Berkeley police department These are some of the things that and laid the basis for community con­ have been accomplished: trol of the police. • They ended the City Council prac­ The referendum had been initiated tice of beginning meetings with the by the Black Panthers and was sup­ pledge of allegiance. ported by virtually all segments of • They established that long hair Berkeley's radical community. The should not be a barrier to city em­ community control of the police pro­ ployment, and even cops can now posal would have divided the Berke­ let their hair hang out in Berkeley. ley police department into three dis­ • They put the spotlight on police tricts (one predominantly student, one political surveillance practices- in­ predominantly Black, and one for the cluding the taping of council members' remainder of the Berkeley commu­ conferences by cops posing as report­ nity). These districts would be run ers. by elected 15-member councils with e They won a commitment to im­ ~~.. ;;,..• - .. -~·· full authority over the police. Police Berkeley Mayor Warren Widener (left) and city council members D' Army pose certain restrictions on police dos­ would be required to live in the com­ siers. munity where they worked. This pro­ Bailey (center} and Loni Hancock. April Coalition and Black Caucus e They won council agreement to posal, if passed, would have intro­ candidates gave backhanded support to Widener in 1971 elections, impose a freeze on municipal hiring duced important levers of democratic despite his opposition to community control of police. Once in office, until a fair practices employment pro­ control over the police and would Widener surprised 'radicals' on the council by siding with conservative gram was worked out. have been a big step toward Black council members. e They tried to reduce· the 1971- . control of the Black community. As 1972 police budget by $700,000 and such, it faced an oppositional crusade questions with Bailey, Simmons, and dum. The April 6 Movement leaders did get a compromise $369,000 cut. from the business establishment, as Hancock. Their united vote, it was are now organizing University of Cali­ e The new budget (on which Wid­ well as from Black Democratic poli­ theorized, would prove decisive since fornia students to support McGovern. ener "betrayed" the radicals by lining ticians. the four opposing members of the Support for the April Coalition also up with the other council members) The referendum was also supported council were not politically homoge­ came from a broad spectrum of eom­ did shave the homeowner city tax rate by forces outside of the Coalition, neous. munity groups, ranging from the from $3.28 to $3.27 5. most notably the Socialist Workers The other four were Wilmont Sween­ Food Conspiracy to the Red Family The presence of the Ap'ril Coalition­ Party, which ran its own slate of-can­ ey, a middle-of-the-road Black Demo­ commune, then led by Tom Hayden. Black Caucus representatives on the didates headed by Antonio Camejo crat elected the previous term as the A variety of Berkeley's more vocal Berkeley City Council has also served for mayor. nominee of the Black Caucus; a white purveyors of anti-imperialist rhetoric, to register, even if in a distorted way, The amendment was defeated ap­ moderate Democrat, Ed Kallgren; and such as Stew Albert, were enthusiastic the reality that large_ numbers of proximately 33,000 to 16,000. It won two Republicans, pne moderate (Bor­ recruiters for the project American voters are seeking basic less votes than the Coalition candi­ den Price) and one conservative A platforl]l was adopted which- in changes and are particularly con­ dates that were pledged to support it (Thomas McLaren). addition to the community control of cerned about the Vietnam war. The April Coalition had nominated With this lineup, it was felt that if police plank- simply included every­ When crew members of the USS Cor­ Tiona (Loni) Hancock and Rick Widener, Hancock, Bailey, and Sim­ one's worthy cause, from ecology to al Sea, then berthed in Oakland, an­ Brown. Hancock, .. a feminist and lib­ mons could agree on a nominee to free clinics. nounced they would seek sanctuary eral Democrat, was elected. Rick fill the vacant ninth spot on the coun­ The April Coalition also enjoyed rather than go to Vietnam, the City Brown, a. well-known campus activist cil, they would have a good chance the support of Ron Dellums, the Bl.ack Council voted to provide them sanc­ lost by a narrow margin. of getting their choice. Democrati~ congressman from ·- the tuary if they wanted it. The successful Black Caucus nom­ This hope proved illusqry since Wid­ Berkeley-Oakland area. The council also ·voted to make a inees were D'Army Bailey and Ira ener soon made it painfully clear that Several of the key forces in the April study of what city regulations, such Simmons, young Black attorneys who lie intended to line up with the right Coalition had their origins in the Com­ as zoning, could be used to reduce had moved to Berkeley the previous wing of the council and not the left munity for New Politics, which was the presence ..of war-related industries year. Soon after, fissures developed between organized in 1966 as the campaign in the area. The winner in the mayoralty race Hancock and Bailey and Simmons, vehicle for Robert Scheer in his bid The city attorney was instructed to was Warren Widener, ,a liberal Demo­ and after several months of maneu­ for the Democratic congressional nom­ determine which Berkeley industries crat who had been elected to the coun­ vers, Widener and his council friends ination. A prominent Bay Area ac­ were engaged in war-related industries cil the previous term as a candidate selected Susan Hone, a Democrat, to tivist and sometime Maoist, Scheer (including U. C. Berkeley research) of the Black Caucus. It was original­ fill the vacant ninth seat · offered a happily blended philosophy and to regularly make such fmdings ly assumed that he would have the Supporters of the April Coalition that power lies in the barrel of a gun public. To &e continued.

16 ·swP National Camlllittee discusses war, economy, and building socialist movement By JOEL BRITTON . for 'Out Now,'" Sheppard said, a In the political report, and in the Political Committee elected by the ple­ NEW YORK- The National Commit­ movement that ·can reach out to and . youth report given by YSA National nul!l. In that capacity they will re­ tee of the Socialist Workers Party met .• mobilize the massive antiwar sentiment Chairman Andy Rose, a major con­ main an integral part of the central here May 11-14 to set the party's ori­ that exists in this country. The con­ cern was to assess the current stage leadership of the party. entation for the coming months. At­ tinued active participation of revolu­ of the radicalization in this country. This National Committee meeting tending the meeting were some 50 tionary socialists in the National The result was a richer understanding shows that the SWE has made con­ members of the leadership body elect­ Peace Action Coalition and the Stu­ · of the ebb and flow of the radicali­ siderable progress in tooling up to ed by the twenty-fourth national con­ dent Mobilization Committee to End zation and the interrelations between make ma#mum gains during the cur­ vention 0f the SWP held in August the War in Southeast Asia will be the different components of this pro­ rent radicalization. The prospect is 1971. SWP branch organizers not on vital to this effort. cess- the antiwar movement, the for further expansion and progress the national committee attended as ob­ Sheppard also discussed the new sit­ Black and Chicano movements, the toward becoming the largest and most s~vers. uation facing world capitalism, draw­ women's liberation movement, and influential organization on the left in Discussion of the international sit­ ing on the analysis in the political other movements- each of which has the United States. uation was a central feature of the resolution adopted by .the last party its own tempo and in__dependent meeting. Special attention was given convention. (The political resolution dynamic. - to Nixon's latest escalation of the In­ has been published under the title "Per­ The lull in mass actions in the dochina war, the new period the world spectives and Lessons of the New Rad­ student movement since May 1970 was capitalist system has entered, and the icalization" in the October 1971 Inter­ broken, at least temporarily, by the problems and prospects of building national Socialist Review.) This res­ massive student response to Nixon's a worldwide revolutionary-socialist olution had predicteQ. further efforts escalation at many campuses and high movement. by the U. S. ruling class to drive down schools. The SWP campaiglt of Linda jen­ the wages of American workers. A The May 27 African Liberation Day ness and Andrew Pulley for president few days after the convention, Nixon demonstrations and other actions in and vice-president was as,sessed. This announced the wage freeze. the Black community point toward is already the largest ·and most ef­ The collaboration of the union bu­ a possible resurgence of mass action fectiv(! election camp)lign the party has reaucracy in imposing Nixon's New in this arena. The National Black ever run. National campaign director Economic Policy points up- the crisis Political Convention showed that many Larry Seigle projected activities for of leadership in the labor movement Black people are open to the idea the summer leading to a major mo­ and underlines the necessity of con­ of an independent Black political party bilization of the party for the last structing a new, fighting leadership as an alternative to further reliance two months of the campaign in the in the unions based ~>n a class-struggle on the Democratic and Republican fall. program. parties. Plans were finalized for this sum­ Tlie struggles of the Chicano people mer's socialist activist and educational World movement were discussed. Special attention was conference, open to members of the ~he first day of the National Com­ given to the efforts to organize in­ SWP and the Young Socialist Alliance mittee meeting was devoted to reports dependent Chicano .parties and the and supporters of the SWP campaign. and discussion on building the rev­ emergence of ' the movement against This conference will feature lectures olutionary-socialist movement interna­ ; the deportation of Raza workers who on the key q~estions facing the world tionally. The SWP maintains fJ;ater­ don't have citizenship papers or work revolutionary movement t0day and nal relations with the ijourth Inter­ permits. will culminate several months of' in­ national. Undemocratic legislation in Issues fa<:ing the women's liberation tensive education in socialist summer the U.S. prevents the party from for­ movement were discussed .and contin­ schools in about 20 cities. Workshops mally affiliating with it. ued support was projected to- the and panel discussion will focus on Peter Camejo gave an extensive and campaign to repeal all anti-abortion how to build the revolutionary-social­ highly informative report on the po­ laws. ist movement. More than 1,000 people litical situation in several countries In a· special session held one even­ are expected to attend. _ in Latin America. He reported oft the ing, Frank Lovell, national trade­ :,... The National Committee_ meeting condition of the Bolivian left in. the union director of the SWP, reported ended with the selection of national aftermath of the Banzer coup. The on a recent tour he made of party officers. James P. Cannon, founding preparations for the coming elections branches to facilitate the party's work leader of the party and its national in Argentina were outlined, and new in the trade-union movement. chairman since 1953, was elected na­ facts ~ere presented on the activities Betsey Stone and Lew Jones gave tional chairman emeritus. Jack Barnes of left groups there. He also sum­ the organizational reports. It was re­ was elected national secretary, having marized the current stage of the con­ ported that the SWP has doubled in been nominated by Farrell Dobbs to struction of revolutionary parties in size in the last three years. Further replace him in- that post. Barry Shep­ Peru, Brazil, and Chile. expansion of party activity, influence, pard was elected· national organiza­ Mary-Alice Waters and Jack Barnes and size were projected. Efforts to con- - tion secretary, replacing Barnes. gave reports for the Political Com­ tinue to increase the circulation of The mittee on the, building of the world Militant were discussed, with special The Indochina War revolutionary -movement. They told priority placed on regular, expanded The political report, given for the of encouraging developments in many sales of the paper. Political Committee by Sheppard, be­ -countries in Europe and elsewhere, gan with an analysis of Nixon's new including the growth df the Trotsky~ Leadershill transition· escalation of the war. Sheppard point­ ist movement and new groups seek­ The political homogeneity and. con­ ed out that the mining of North Viet­ ing affiJ.iation. to the Fourth Interna­ tinuity of leadership in thl!! SWP were nam's harbors· and the greatly in­ tional, the rise of large-scale struggles readily apparent from the reports and creased bombing _of North and South of workers, growing national libera­ discussion. Vietnain "dramatically emphasizes and tion movements, the rebirth of the anti­ The election of officers reflected fur­ underlines a point we have made since war 'movement, and the surfacing of ther progress in leadership transition, the beginning of the Indochina war. feminist sentiment. · a process that has been taking place This war is central to world politics, The discUI~sion that has taken place over the last decade. This process in­ the central focal point of /the inter­ in preparation for the fourth World volves younger leaders taking central national class struggle and of politics Congress· since the reunification of the responsibilities, while, at the same in the United States. The outcome of International in 1963 was described. time, the party maintains a continuity this struggle will aff~t the relation­ This congress, with representation of leadership. • ship of class forces on a world scale from sections am~ sympathizing groups For so_me years this process was for the next period." from all over the globe, will take place furthered by granting advisory status Nixon's qualitative escalation of the next year. The new facts presented to some of the oldest members of the war constitutes a direct challenge to in the intl!rnationaJ reports will prove committee, making room for young­ the Soviet Union and China; their helpful in clarifying the major ques­ er party members who were playing response will determine how much fu.r­ tions in dispute within the Interna­ a leading role in the work of the party. ther he will go in his genocidal ad­ tional. At this meeting, several additional venture. Extensive debate is taking place steps were taken. The election of Can­ A special danger in the current sit­ around the_ correct strategy and tac­ non as national chairman emeritus .uation is the pressure that Moscow tics in Latin America-the questions symbolizes the continuity of party and Peking will bring to bear on the· of guerrilla warfare, popular frontism, leadership. Now 82, and no longer Vietnamese liberation fighters. The So­ methods of party building, and the able to be active, Cannon. was the viet and Chinese bureaucrats will try application of the transitional pro­ central figure in the founding of the to get the Vietnamese to accept a settle­ gram and method. The translation American Trotskyist 'movement in Photo by Walter Lippmann ment more favorable to U. S. impe­ into several languages and the world- • 1928 and played a prominent role in -· rialism than the actual relation of forc­ wide distribution of the contributions the founding of the Fourth Interna­ Top to bottom: Jack Barnes, SWP es in Vietnam would warrant. Mos­ to t}:J.e discussion are being stepped tional10 years later. national secretary; Barry Shep­ cow's treachery in welcoming Nixon up to facilitate the most thorough Farrell Dobbs and George Novack pard, national organization sec­ in the face of Washington's massive discussion possible. asked for and were accorded advisory retary; Andrew Pulley, SWP vice­ escalatioq. of the war hig~lights the The National Committee decided to status on the National Committee. reality of this danger. deepen and extend the collaboration They, along with Tom Kerry, who presidential candidate; Betsey This situation "reemphasizes the im­ of the SWP _in this process of build­ is also an advisory member, were Stone, Political Committee report- - portance of building a big movement ing a world revolutionary movement. elected as consultative members of the er on organization.

THE MILITANT/JUNE 2, 1972 17 ·Feminism discussed Abortion rights suffer by left in Argentina defeat in Connecticut tions permitted to s~ve a woman's From Intercontinental Press I am active. . . . The term oppression By BERNIE KRAWCZYK -HARTFORD, Conn., May 23-Gov­ ~ life must be performed in a licensed The special oppression of women is too strong. ernor Thomas Meskill signed into law hospital. The law calls for five years' under capitalist society is a topic that tonight a reactionary bill that makes imprisonment or a $5,000 fine for is being discussed by the left in Ar­ "Muchacha. A woman who enjoys a all abortions in Connecticut illegal ex­ illegal abortions: gentina, reports the April 2.6 issue of privileged status' in relation to women cept t;b.ose p.erformed to save the life A further reactionary aspect of the Avanzada Socialista. as a whole cannot t~ke her own situa­ of a pregnant woman. This defeat for bill is that it outlaws the use -of the A few weeks earlier, it noted, several tion as a criterion for evaluating the Connecticut women climaxed a fran­ interuti!rine device (IUD) and the political organizations cooperating in situation of all the rest. . . . I would tic campaign by the governor and morning-after pill, because both meth-' the military government's plan to hold ask a telephone operator, for example, anti-abortion forces to reinstitute se­ ods of birth control prevent the fer­ elections next year (the plan is re­ why all her superiors are men and if vere restrictions against abortion af­ tilized egg from maturing. ferred to as the GAN, Gran Acuerdo she in fact does not consider herself ter a federal court ruled the state's Five hun,dred people attended hear­ Nacional- Great National Agree­ discriminated against." old abortion statute unconstitutional ings before the Connecticut House of ment) held a meeting that took up the At another point, the following dia· in April. · Representatives Public Health and question of the situation of women in logue took place: The_ anti-abortion campaign here Safety Committee on May 19. More society. Among the groups that parti­ was clearly modeled . after the recent than 80 speakers testified, including c~pated were the · Peronist movement, "Muchacha. There are fewer possibil­ attempts by the Catholic Church hier­ representatives of anti-abortion groups the M.ID (Movimiento de Integraci6n ities for women on the job. In some archy and other opponents of abor­ and supporters of women's right to y Desarrollo- Movement of Integra­ strikes, for example, they are given ·.tion to roll back New York's liber- abortion. A broad spectrum of groups tion and Development), the UCRI _smaller wage increases. alized law. Meskill's determination to opposed to the reactionary new bills (Union Civica Radical Intransigente, deny women abortions went to the . attended the hearing, including .Zero -Uncompromising Radical Civic "Nelly Casas. ·Negotiating commit­ extreme of promising to veto a bill Population Growth, Planned Parent­ Union), and the Communist and Pop­ tees are elected at internal elections. passed yesterday by the Connecticut hood, Clergy Counseling, Catholic ular Conservative parties. As a po_litical activist, I would like Senate. This bill would have allowed Women for the-Right to Choose, East­ ern Connecticut Abortion Action Co­ to ask, 'How many women go to abortions in cases of rape and incest. The. meeting, however, revealed no · Today, the Senate dropped the rape­ alition, and plaintiffs from the Women the meetings where the members of i:qtention on the part of the partici­ incest amendment. v. Connecticut class action suit. This p'ating gro\ips to take up seriously these committees are elected?' suit, which resulted in the federal court the fight against women's_oppression, Connecticut's 112-year-old abortion decision against the state's old abor­ observed Avanzada Socialista. One of "Muchacha. The other day I was law was declared unconstitutional by tion law, has more than 1, 700 plain­ the spokeswomen at the meeting was talking with a working woman about a three-judge court on April 18. In tiffs. this and I asked her: 'Why is it that Nelly Casas of the MID, whose re­ that dec~sion, Judge Edward F. Lum­ In response to this latest attack on actionary position on the question was m·ost of those who take part in union bard stated, "The state's interests are the right to· abortion, the Women's made clear in a television interview a activities are· men?' She replied: 'Do insufficient ·to take from a woman the National. Abortion- Action Coalition few days prior to the meeting. Also you think that a ,married woman who decision after conception whether she (WONAAC), in a news release dated participating in the interview was a works eight hours, spends another two will bear a child ... she, as the ap­ May 20, declared, "The recent strug­ staff member of Muchacha, described coming and going, has to go and propriate decision-maker, must be gles by the women of Connecticut were as a "magazine that represents the pick up a child she has left with a free to choose." ·those "'f the women in New York state most combative layer of youth and neighbor or her mother whenshe gets The new law completely violates only a few weeks ago. . . . This strug- that is endeavoring to organize a mili­ back, and then has to clean, wash, this decision. From the time of con­ gle is only part of the ongoing effort _ tant feminist movement." The follow­ iron, and cook-do you really think ception, under this law, the fetus is by women in every state to ensure ing exchange between the two oc­ she has the same opportunity as her considered a human being. No per­ that all women have access to safe curred: husband to take part in union ac­ son may have, perform, or adminis­ and legal abortion." tivity?"' ter an abortion, and no· person may Women v. Connecticut has announ-, The spokeswoman for the GAN not sell abortion instruments or advertise ced that it will challenge the reaction­ "Muchacha. There can be no doubt only "denies the existence of female abortion information. Those abor- ary new law in the courts. r that women suffer a special oppression. oppression," observed Avanzada So­ cialista, but she "ignores the injustices "Nelly Casas. Those of us women that prevent women from developing Cluchette parole date who have led rich and very active their trade-union and political con- lives and have worked like men feel sciousness." far removed from a situation that The Argentine Socialist party, it con­ would be qualified ~- .one of oppres­ cluded, "calls on women, as one of slated for November sion. I have been a worker, I have the social layers that suffer unjust ex­ SAN FRANCISCO-Soledad Brother · cused of murdering prison guard John been a rural teacher, I paint IJlY ploitation, to organize themselves in­ John Cluchette was given a parole Mills in January 1970. He soon found house, I take care of my kids- in dependently in order to push for their date on May 9, six weeks after an himself indicted for the same crime other words, things -a man does. Be­ demands, and at the same time to all-white jury acquitted him and Fleeta and lost his parole. Attorneys for sides, I am a man's equal econ9mi- struggle for socialism, which will do Drumgo of the murder of a prison 'Cluchette and Drumgo charged that . · cally speaking: I pay taxes, I work, away with all social injustices." guard. His new release date is Nov. tht)ir clients were beaten soon after 13 if he remains on "good behavior." their acquittal. Cluchette' s rel~ase rests on the "stan­ dard condition" that he does not. "be­ Cluchette wili be transferred soon Abortion bill debated come active in any group that advo­ from the maximum-security adjustment cates the overthrow of the government center in San Quentin. Drumgo, how­ by violence." Cluchette, who had orig­ ever, must remain there. He is one in West Germany inally been sentenced for burglary, of the San Quentin Six, a group of was scheduled for parole in April of inmates charged with conspiring to From Intercontinental Press the state would do better to show con­ 1970. escape and commit murder · in the A special committee of the West Ger­ cern for lowering the number of legal He refused to testify against Drumgo August 1971 incident in which George man Bundestag held three days of and illegal abortions by providing and George Jackson, who were ac- Jackson was killed; .public hearings in mid-April m:i a pro­ social assistance in the form of child posed reform of Paragraph 218 of care centers, a new adoption law, an .. the penal code, which prohibitS abor­ effective counseling system, or a gen­ tion. Two basic proposals were under uine program of housing construc­ consideration. One, submitted by the tion." government, would allow an abortion The hearings, according to Roitsch only under certain specified condi­ (April 13 Frankfurter Rundschau), tions. The other, submitted by fifty­ were a "bitter pill" for the SPD-FDP one members of parliament belong­ reformers. For while there was agree­ ing to the -SPD (Sozialdemokratische ment that something decisive has to Partei Deutschland&- Social Demo­ be done in the area of abortion law cratic party of Germany) and the FDP reform, "people· are still not ready to (Freie Demokratische Partei- Free give a woman the right to decide Democratic party), would permit a whether or not she wants to become woman to have an abortion legally a mother, whether or not she wants until the third month of pregnancy. to have responsibility for a child Twenty-eight psychologists, psycho­ whose upbringing will be largely her therapists, and sociologists testified be­ own burden." fore the committee. Seven of them were If any abortion reform is adopted · Six hundred people in Phoenix, Ariz., joined a Mother's Day demon­ women. during the current legislative session, stration against the war in Southeast Asia on May 16. Women led Writing in the Frankfurter Rund­ she concludes, it will most likely be the five-mile-long march, which ended in a candlelight rally. schau from Bonn on April 11, Jutta the government's proposal. Roitsch reported that the witnesses were all agreed thaL-"instead of fo­ -In March, East Germany legalized cusing the question of abortion on abortion_:-on-demand during the first coming up with a clever criminal law, twelve weeks of pregnancy.

18 \ Black Agenda set; NAACP denounces it By DERRICK MORRISON Wilkins won't buy either position. The National Black Political Agenda, He favors uncritical support to the which was finalized May 19 on the Zionist state. · birthday of Brother Malcolm X, On the issue of busing, the Agenda brings to the fore some of the po­ calls for Black control of Black edu­ litical differences existing within the cation with adequate financing as the :Alack liberation movement. main route by which Black students The forces arrayed behind the doc­ will obtain a quality education. It ument ranged from Representative views busing Black students out of Louis Stokes ( :P-Ohio ), chairman of the Black community as a limited step the 13-member Congr-essional Black toward acquiring an equal education. Caucus, to Imamu Amiri Barak a ( Le­ The Agenda states, however, that any Roi Jones), chairman of the political decision about busing must be made liberation council of the Congress of by the Black community and not by Mrican People. white racist school boards. These forces, which in the main were Wilkins, on the other hand, is so responsible for the National Black Po­ blinded by the quest for "integration" litical Convention held in Gary, Ind., that he can't even begin to fathom the in March, are attempting to form a Black control position~ ' National Black Political .Assembly to Wilkins's statement severing ties implement the # convention Agenda. with the Black Assembly was criticized Both the Agenda and assembly were by the three co-chairmen of the Gary Photo by John Hawkins endorsed by the more than 3,000 del­ convention: Baraka, Representative egates that attended the Gary Con­ Charles Diggs (D-Mich.), and Gary, At Gary .• Convention, Louisiana delegation proposed. a Black part-f. vention. Ind., Mayor Richard Hatcher. The Although the proposal was sidestepped, it is along this line that Black Many members of the National As­ three held a news conference in Wash­ unity and power can be built. · sociation for the Advancement of Col­ ington, D. C., May 19. Later that day ored People (NAACP) were among Baraka came to New York City to cratic Party bosses. This is but an­ within the party of the capitalist op­ the delegates at Gacy. However, when address about 100 people gathered other indication that these Black poli­ pressor. But no Bla~ unity of sub­ the draft of the Agenda was submit­ in a Queens high school to set up ticians are ultimately accountable and stance will be established inside the ted to the·gathering, th.e national lead­ the New York State Black Assembly. responsible to the banking and indus- Democratic Party. The course for ership of the NAACP denounced the Bar aka attacked 'Wilkins not on the . jrial interests that underwrite the Dem­ building genuine unfty lies in the for­ Black nationalist thrust of the docu­ basis of his reactionary political po­ ocratic Party- not to the interests of mation of an independent Black po­ ment. Nonetheless, the NAACP did sitions but on his refusal to partici­ Black people. litical party, of, by, and for the Black not break away from the convention pate in the Assembly. Although Ba­ Proof of this is the many Black community. at that time. raka said he stands· firm on the two politicians who have gone ahead and There are no shortcuts to the task Apparently the NAACP thought the points in contention, he vowed to con­ jumped aboard the bandwagons of of unifying the Black community. Be­ post-convention steering committee tinue to seek the involvement of the one or another Democratic presiden­ cause the Democratic and Republican would take steps to drastically alter nationai leadership of the NAACP in tial hopeful, in total disregard for parties control our communities, they the Agenda. But when it became clear the Assembly. their stance on the Agenda demands. bear major responsibility for the dis­ that the proposed changes would be This pursuit of the .NAACP raises This has happened despite the fact unity and fragmentation in them. Any slight, Roy Wilkins, executive direc­ a number of questions. What type of . that one-half of the 60-page docu­ strategy of struggle for Black control ·tor of the NAACP, sent out a news unity is Baraka trying to achieve? ment is supposed to serve as the basis of the Black community must of ne­ release May 16 announcing the split. Is he out to forge unity based on for advancing support to candidates. cessity start outside and in opposi­ Wilklns zeroed in on two points in a definite and defined program? Or tion to the political rule of these two the revised Agenda- the statements on is he out to build a false unity based One may ask why these Black poli­ capitalist parties. Israel and on busing students to de­ on concealing and obscuring differ- ticians go along with the Agenda, Despite the differences separating ad­ segregate the schools. Formally . ences? His actions and the nature of which outlines a program for Black vocates of an independent Black par­ agreed to at the May 19 meeting, the Assembly strongly suggest the lat­ control of the Black community and ty from those who are now working the Agenda point on Israel calls for ter. is assuredly not the position of the within the Democratic Party, there are supporting the position of the Orga­ For example, the Congressional Democratic Party. Unlike the issues possibilities for joint actions. Broth­ nization of Mrican Unity and . the : Black Caucus (CBC)-which has of·busing and Israel, there is no on­ ers and sisters with both perspectives United Nations Security Council. This members in the Assembly- is in po­ going struggle or upsurge demand­ have helped build the Mrican Libera­ position simply condemns the expan­ litical agreement with the NAACP! The ing Black control of the Black com­ tion Day actions, for example. And sion of the Zionist settler-state since CBC issued statements after the Gary munity. As long as the sentiment for the "action agenda" of the National • 1967. By implication it supports the convention dissociating itself from the control remains. dispersed and unor­ Black Political Agenda project!! the Zionist usurpation of Palestinian land resolutions on Israel and busing. And ganized, the Black politicians can formation of "Black · action groups" to create Israel in 1948. even after the resolution on Israel was play along and appear to be in tune to raise- particular demands. The This position also happens to co­ modified, the CB<; still disagreed, with it. They are not planning to or­ broadest possible endorsement of ·and incide with that of the U.S. govern­ Many Black Democratic politicians ganize and mobilize the community participation by Black people in such ment. For the steering committee, it outside Congress- including Hatcher · to implement the Agenda. Their ver­ action groups should be sought. represents a retreat from the resolu­ -took similar stances. bal endorsement just adds to the il­ These action groups, armed with tion passed by the Gary convention. These politicians didn't reject the two lusion that Black political power can the perspective of mass action and The convention called for dismantling convention resolutions because the be built inside the Democratic Party. welcoming the participation of all who the state of Israel so that the Pales­ masses of -Black people opposed them. This illusion is what motivates na­ agree with the purpose of the demon­ tinian Arabs could exercise their right They rejected them because they tionalists like Baraka and the Con­ stration, could revitalize the Black lib­ to self-determination. would be unacceptable to the Demo- gress of Mrican People to operate eration movement. D.C. Black students hold antiwar aCtions By JOHN HAWKINS ceived extensive coverage from the lack of money in the District for edu­ in other schools (,r to endorse May WASHINGTON, D. C.- Students at a news media in the area. cation. They urged the board to en­ 21. predominantly Black high school here In the week p'receding the May 21 dorse May 19 and May 21 actions. Due to the lateness of the hour and mounted a series of antiwar protests demonstration, students from Eastern to the fact that the board refused to during the two weeks preceding the continued their antiwar activity, trying The board, headed by former Stu­ reconvene in order to come to any Ma:y 21 march on Washington. to involve students from other schools. dent ·Nonviolent C()()rdinating Com­ substantive decision, the students ac­ As part of their effort, they demanded mittee ( SNCC) militant Marion Barry, cepted the compromise and then set · On May 10 and ·12, students from that the D. C. School Board endorse refused to hear the students' demands out to organize the rally. Eastern High, which is more than the May 21 demonstration and en­ or to consider their resolution during The May 19 rally was a success, 90 percent Black, marched from their courage students to attend. They also its regular session. Mter adjourning dra'iing nearly all of the 2,000 stu­ school to the Capitol to protest Nix­ demanded that the board designate the meeting, board members offered dents to the school auditorium. Among on's escalation of the Indochina war. May 19 a moratorium in all D. C. to listen and "reason" -with the stu­ those who addressed the students were Their demand was loud and clear: high.. schools to commemorate the dents. Much to their dismay, the stu­ Cha~les Cassel, school board member U; S. get out of Southeast Asia now. birthday of Malcolm X and to pro­ dents did not wish to be "reasoned" and Statehood Party candidate. for vide a' forum for antiwar protest. with. They continued to voice their D. C. Delegate; HeriiJtln Fagg, Social­ The first march drew 500 students demand for antiwar assemblies, ral­ ist Workers Party candidate for D. C. from Eastern High. Mter the demon­ At the May 17 school board meet­ lies, and teach-ins in all D. C. schools Delegate; Timothy Thomas of the Stu­ stration the students decided to build ing, the students pointed to the board's on May 19 and for the board to en­ dent Organization for Black Unity upon this success and draw in other. endorsement of the March 25 Chil­ dorse May 21. ( SOBU); and Jeff Lee, an . Eastern D. C. high school students. dren's March for Survival as a pre­ Faced with the intransigence of the High School student. The second demonstration accom­ cedent. They argued that the board, · students' demands, the . board in­ All of the speakers urged the stu­ plished that goal. It drew more than which is currently laying off teachers structed the principal of Eastern, who dents to attend the May 21 demon­ 1,500. Both demonstrations, well mar" due to lack of funds, could not help was present at the meeting, to· allow stration. Many students took leaflets shaled and earnest in their commit­ but recognize the link between the an assembly at the school. It refused, to hand out on the final day before ment to protest Nixon's escalation, re- money wasted in Indochina and the however, to call for similar activities the action.

THE MILITANT/JUNE 2, 1972 19

\ In Review Trotsky on Lunacharsky: A .revolutionist's assessment The obituary of Anatole Lunacharsky by Leon Trotsky against which Lenin polemicized in his Materialism and that appears below was first printed in the Ru!lsian­ Empirio-Criticism. Lunacharsky himself held philosophi­ language Bulletin of the Opposition in February 1934. cal views close to those of Bogdanov, but Lenin was less This translation into English for the first time was made severe in his criticisms of "Father Anatole." ' by George C. Myland for the new book to be published Maxim Gorky is the world-renowned Russian writer. in June by Pathfinder Press Inc., Writings of Leon Trotsky He and Lunacharsky co-edited a paper, New Life (No­ (1933-34). It is the sixth in an 11-volume series collect­ vaya Zhizn), in St. Petersburg during the 1905 revolu­ ing Trotsky's writings during his third and final exile tion. Afterward the two collaborated on· many projects. ( 1929-1940), excluding material permanently in print else­ Gorky opposed the October 1917 revolution at first, but where and unpublished material in the Trotsky Archives later reconciled himself to it. Still later he·reconciled him­ at Harvard. self to the rule of the bureaucratic caste that usurped The obituary is noteworthy not only because of its sub­ power when the revolution ebbed. ject, Lunacharsky, but more so because it is a model Menton, where Lunacharsky died, is a ·city in southern of the balanced way in which a revolutionist assesses France. -LEE SMITH the career of a political opponent. Anatole Vasilievich Lunacharsky did not play an honorable role in the fac­ For the last decade, political events have swept us apart tional struggle of the Left Opposition against the encroach­ and placed us in different camps, so that I have been able ing Stalinist bureaucracy that began in 1923. He stood to keep up with the fortunes of Lunacharsky only through aloof from the battle, at the same time accommodating the newspapers. But there were years when we were bound himself to those he considered the likely victors, first Gre­ by close political ties and when our- personal relations, gory Zinoviev and then Joseph Stalin. But neither this while not exceptionally intimate, were of a friendly failure nor Lunacharsky' s earlier philosophical "devia­ character. tions" obscured for Trotsky ·his contribution to the ul­ Lunacharsky was four or five years younger than timate victory of the world revolution. Lenin and about as many years older than I. Though Trotsky recounts with respect the part played by Luna­ in itself not very great, this age difference nevertheless charsky in the political life of the Russian emigration in meant that we belonged to different revolutionary gen­ Europe before 1917, his "tireless agitational work" pre­ erations. When he entered political life as a high school paring for the insurrection in the months just prior to student in Kiev, Lunacharsky could still be influenced the October revolution, and the fulfillment of his "historic by the last rumblings of the terrorist struggle of the mission" as. educational minister in the first Soviet gov­ "People's Will" [Narodnaya Volya] against czarism. For ernment. my closer contemporaries, the struggle of the "People's The late Marxist historian Isaac Deutscher, in an intro­ Will" was already only a legend. duction to a translation of Lunacharsky's. 1923 book From his student years on, Lunacharsky astonished Silhouettes (published in the U.S. by Hill and Wang in people with his many-sided talent. He wrote verses, of 1968), gave the following description of Lunacharsky's course; he easily grasped philosophical ideas, performed role during the pre-October days that Trotsky calls "the excellently at student cultural soirees, was an unusually period of [Lunacharsky's] political culmination": good orator, and showed no laek of colors on his lit­ "He was the great orator of Red Petrograd, second only erary palette. As a twenty-year-old youth he was able to to Trotsky, addressing ·every day, or even several times deliver lectures on Nietzsche, argue about the categor­ a day, huge, hungry and angry crowds of workers, sol­ ical imperative, defend Marx's theory of value, and com­ diers and sailors, and breaking down almost effortlessly, pare Sophocles and Shakespeare. His exceptional gifts by his sheer sincerity and sensitivity, all barriers of social were organically combined with the wasteful dilettantism origin and education that_might have separated him from of the aristocratic intelligentsia, which at one time had them. The crowds were spellbound by him and loved him." found its highest journalistic expression in the person In Trotsky's view, it was unthinkable to deny respect of Alexander Herzen. to such a person. The· degrading orgies of adulation Lunacharsky was connected with the revolution and · and vilification that came into fashion with the rise of socialism for a period of forty years, i. e., for his whole the parasitic Stalin bureaucracy were foreign to Trotsky, conscious life. He passed through prisons, exile and em­ - as they had been to the socialist movement before Stalin­ igration, remaining all the while an unshakable Marxist. ism and as they are to genuine revoiutionaries today. Puring these long years, thousands upon thousands of ·· Leon Trotsky -in 1920 Marxists are repelled by the devil-theories that bureau­ his former comrades-in-arms from the same circles ·of crats use to try to discredit their opponents. the aristocratic and bourgeois intelligentsia migrated into Readers of The Militant may .not be familiar with all the camp of Ukrainian nationalism, bourgeois liberalism of the references Trotsky makes to persons, places, and or· monarchist reaction. For Lunacharsky, the ideas of events. Alexander- Herzen, whose dilettantish journalism the revolution were not a youthful -enthusiasm: they en­ Trotsky mentions as an extreme example of weaknesses tered into his nerves and blood vessels. This is the first that afflicted Lunacharsky' s work, was a founder of the thing that must be said over his fresh grave. N arodnik movement. This movement, referred to by Trot­ However, it would be incor~ect to represent Lunacharsky sky as the "People's Will" (Narodnaya Volya), was a as a man of firm will and stern temper, as a fighter who populist movement made up of members of the Russian was never distracted. No. His steadfastness was very­ intelligentsia who went among the peasants with an ill­ it seemed to many of· us, excessively- elastic. Dilettantism defined vision of revolution that relied on acts of terror- . ism. It was smashed by the Czarist police, who infiltrated it and recruited informers from among the peasants the Narodniks sought to organize. The 1903 split in the Russian Social-Democratic Labor Party, the party of those who professed adherence to Marxism, occurred over questions_ of party organization and program. The Bolsheyik (majority) faction favored centralized party organization and saw an independent role for the working class in the coming revolution. The Menshevik (minority) faction was for less centralized or­ ganization and argued that the working class must sub­ ordinate itself to the capitalist liberals in the fight to over­ throw Czarism. Lenin led the Bolshevik faction. His former collabora­ tors- George Plekhanov, Paul Axelrod, Vera Zasulich, Julius Martov, and Alexander Potresov- all eventually became Mensheviks and opponents of the October 1917 revolution. A. Bogdanov (Alexander Malinovsky), a close polit­ ical companion of Lenin from 1903 to 1908, became after that the leader of the otzovist movement- the sec­ tarian faction, described briefly by Trotsky, that contend­ ed that the party should work only underground. Ex­ pelled from the Bolshevik Party in 1909, Bogdanov ex­ pounded a philosop"hy opposed to dialectical materialism Lunacharsky, next to Lenin, in 1920

29 Argentine 9ditor· sentenced to exile on ship possessed not only his intellect but also his character. NEW YORK- Repression in Argen­ As an orator and writer, he readily strayed from the tina· has taken on a new dimension subject. A literary . image not infrequently drew him far with the trial and sentencing of Casi­ from the development of his basic thought. As a politi- ana Ahumada, editor of the highly ' cian, too, his glance wandered right and left. Lunacharsky respected Buenos Aires monthly Cris­ was too receptive to each and every philosophical and tianismo y Revolucion. She has been political novelty to fail to be attracted by it and play sentenced to four years' exile on a with it. prison ship. The Lanusse regime's of­ Undoubtedly, this dilettantish generosity of his nature ficial charge against her was "incit­ weakened his inner critical sense. His speeches were most ing to violence" in the pages of the frequently improvisations and, as always in such cir­ magazine. cumstances, were free neither of prolixity nor banality. A petition being circulated in defense He wrote or dictated with extraordinary freedom and of Ahumada, however, -indicates the barely corrected his manuscripts. His intellectual concen­ , real source of the charges. They stem tration, his ability to censor himself, were not sufficient · from coverage given in Cristianismo for him to create thos"e works of more lasting and in­ y. Revolucion to "the systematic loot­ disputable value for which his talent and knO\yledge were ing of the national wealth, the exploi­ fully adequate. tation of the workers and the middle But however Lunacharsky digressed, he returned every classes, and above all, the unmerci­ time to his basic thought, not only in particular articles fu1 repressive rage to which the coun­ and speeches but also in all of his political activity. His try has been subjected-to prevent the various and sometimes unexpected fluctuations had a people from achieving their national limited scope; they never went outside the boundaries and social liberation. n of the revolution and socialism. · The U. S. Committee for Justice to As ear"ly as 1904, about a year after the split of the Latin American Political Prisoners Russian Social Democracy into the Bolshevik and Men­ , ( USLA) has issued a call to all shevik factions, Lunacharsky, who had arrived in the groups and individuals concerned emigre movement directly from penal exile within Rus­ with basic human rights to take ac­ sia, adhered to the Bolsheviks. Lenin, who just before A crowd of soldiers and sailors in P~trograd, March tion to protest this barbaric sentence.. that had broken with his teachers {Plekhanov, Axelrod, 1917. Lunacharsky spoke to such crowds every day, As an immediate step it urges that Zasulich) and his closest cothinkers (Martov, Potresov) often several times a day. telegrams deman~ing the immediate was very much alone in those days. He was painfully and unconditional release of Ahu­ in need of a collaborator to do work in the field, some­ In his position of people's commissar of education, mada be sent to Mor Roig, Minister thing Lenin did not like to waste his powers on- nor was Lunacharsky was irreplaceable in relations with the old of the Interior, Capital Federal, it in him to do so. Lunacharsky arrived as a true gift university circles, and pedagogical circles in general, who Buenos Aires, Argentina. C9pies of fate. He had hardly stepped down from the railway were convinced that they could expect the complete liqui­ should be sent to Asociaci6n Gremial carriage before he threw himself into the noisy l!fe of dation of science and art from the "ignorant usurpers." de Abogados, Suipacha 612, 4 Piso, the Russian emigration in Switze;rland, France and all Lunacharsky, ::¢Iortlessly and enthusiastically, showed this Dto. "B," Buenos Aires (the lawyeu, of Europe: he gave lectures, debated, polemicized in the shut-in milieu that the Bolsheviks not only respected cul­ trade-union association), and to press, led study circles, made jokes and witticisms, sang ture but were not unacquainted .with it. More than one USLA. off-key, and captivated young and old with his many­ academic druid had to stare open-mouthed at this van­ USLA has called a meeting of all sided education and his sweet reasonableness in personal dal, who could ·read half-a dozen modern languages interested groups and individuals for relations. and two ancient ones and, in passing, unexpectedly dis­ May 30 at 8 p.m. at the Dolphin A compliant softness was a not unimportant feature played such a many-sided erudition as to suffice without Center, 137A West 14th St., in New in this man's character. He was a stranger to petty van­ difficulty for ten professors. To Lunacharsky belongs , York. The meeting will make plans ity, but also to a matter of much greater concern: de­ much of the credit for reconciling the patented, diploma­ for a demonstration at the Argentine fending what he himself recognized as the truth, from bearing intelligentsia to Soviet power. But in the actual Mission to the United Nations for friend as well as enemy. Throughout his life, Lunachar­ effort of organizing the educational system, he proved June 6, the day before Ahumada's sky would fall under the influence of people who were to be hopelessly incapable. After the first ill-fated attempts, case comes before Argentine federal not infrequently less knowledgeable and talented than in which dilettantish fantasy was woven together with courts for a final decision. he but of a firmer cast of mind. He came to Bolshevism administrative helplessness, Lunacharsky himself ceased The steps taken against Ahumada. through his older friend Bogdanov. The young scholar­ to pretend to practical leadership. The Central Commit­ . are only one instance of the Lanusse scientist, doctor, philosopher, economist- Bogdanov tee provided him with assistants, who, screened by the regime's general crackdown against (whose real name was Malinovsky) assured Lenin ahead personal authority of the people's commissar, firmly held · left-wing publications. of time that his y_ounger friend Lunacharsky, on arriving the reins in their hands. An editorial in the Buenos Aires abroad, would without fail follow his example and ad­ This gave Lunacharsky all the more leisure time t? biweekly Nuevo Hombre at the be­ here to the Bolsheviks. The prediction was fully confirmed. devote to art. The minister of the revolution not only ginning of April pointed out that the But that same Bogdanov, after the defeat of the 1905 appreciated and understood the theater but also was a government has been systematically Revolution, drew Lunacharsky away from the Bolshe­ prolific playwright. l:Iis plays disclose the variety of his attacking the radical press. The usual viks to a small group of superintransigents that com­ knowledge and interests, the surprising ease of his in­ tactic is to close papers down for "vi­ bined a sectarian "refusal to acknowledge" the victorious sight into the history and culture of various countries olating" technicalities of the repressive counterrevolution with abstract preaching of a "proletar­ and epochs and, finally, an unusual ability to combine censorship laws. Nuevo Hombre it- ian culture" cooked up by laboratory methods. invention and borrowing. But no more than that. They ' self met this fate May 12. In the dark years of reaction ( 1908-12), when there do not bear the stamp of authentic artistic genius. The regime has silenced other jour­ was an epidemic collapse into mysticism on the part of In 1923, Lunacharsky published a small volume en­ ' nals by arresting their. publishers on wide circles of the intelligentsia, Lunacharsky, together titled Silhouettes dedicated to the characterization of the grounds similar to those it used with Gorky, to whom he was bound by a close friend­ leaders of the revolution. The book appeared at a very against Ahumada: ship, paid tribute to the mystical searchings. While not inappropriate time: suffice it to say that Stalin's name Nuevo Hombre reported that other breaking with Marxism, he began fo represent the so­ was not even mentioned in it. By the following year Sil­ forms of harassment against the rad­ cialist ideal as a new form of religion and seriously oc­ houettes had been. withdrawn from circulation, and Luna­ ical press include bombing their of­ cupied himself with the search for -a new ritual. Th!! sar­ charsky himself . felt he was half in disgrace. But here, fices, intimidating printers and dis­ castic Plekhanov called him "the blessed Anatole." The too, he was not abandoned by his fortunate trait: com­ tributors, and setting fire to news­ nickname stuck for a long time. Lenin no less unmer­ pliancy. He quickly reconciled himself to the transfor­ stands that sell these papers. In ad­ cifully flogged his former and future collaborator. Al­ mation in the personal composition of the leadership or, dition, the government frequently re­ though it gradually softened, the enmity lasted until 1917, in any· event, fully subordinated himself to the new mas­ fuses to authorize the-ma_iling of such when Lunacharsky, not without resistance, and not ·with­ ters of the situation. Nevertheless he remained to the end journals. out strong external pressure, this time from me, again an alien figure in their ranks. Lunacharsky knew the For further information about ac­ adhered to the Bolsheviks. He entered a period of tire­ past of the revolution and the party too well, pursued tions planned around the trial of A_hu­ less agitational work, which became the period of his too many different interests, was, in the final analysis, mada, contact U~LA, P. 0. Box political culmination. At this time, too, there was no lack too educated, not to be out of place in the bureaucratic 2303, New York, N.Y. 10001. Tele­ of impressionistic leaps. Thus, he almost broke with the ranks. Removed from the post of people's commissar, phone: (212) 924-0894. party in the most critical moment, in November 1917, in which, by the way, he succeeded in fully accomplish­ when a rumor arrived from Moscow that the Bolshevik ing his historic mission, Lunacharsky remained almost artillery had destroyed St. Basil's Church. A connoisseur without duties, right up to his assignment as ambassador and admirer of art could not forgive such ·vandalism! to Spain. But he did not succeed in occupying his new Fortu~ately, Lunacharsky, as we know, was amiable post: death overtook him in Menton. Neither friend nor and agreeable; and besides St. Basil's Church did not honest opponent will deny respect to his shade. . suffer at all in the days of the Moscow insurrection. -Jan. 1, 1934

THE MILITANT/JUNE 2, 1972 21 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA allow the companies to maintain racist state attorney general's office on the MARXIST RADIO COMMENTARY. Listen to Theodore hiring practices. They should be in grounds of Fifth Amendment protec~ . . Edwards, spokesman for the Socialist Workers Party, the front lines of the struggles for · tion from self-incrimination. on his weekly 15-minute radio program, 11:15 a.m. Judge Richard Arnason was forced every Wednesday, KPFK-FM, 90.7. quality education and quality hous­ ing for Blfl.ck people, wherever they to point out to the jury that it is il­ WASa:IINGTON, D.C. choose to go to school or live. legal for attorneys to comment on AFTER AFRICAN LIBERATION DAY: HEAR THE SO­ An educational campaign is needed witnesses' prior refusals to testify. CIALIST CANDIDATES. Speakers: Andrew Pulley, So­ in the unions to help. convince white On May 22 Susan Castro stated cialist Workers P~rty vice-presidential candidate; ·Her­ man Fogg, SWP candidate lor D. C. Delegate; and workers that racist oppression is_ not that she conferred with Davis at noon John Hawkins, SWP candidate for Congress from New in their interests; that unions will only on Aug. 5, 1970, in San Francisco Calendar York's 12th C. D. Sat., May 27, 8 p.m. 746 9th St. be strong if they support preferential about methods to broaden mass sup­ .. N. W.. Second Floor (9th and H sis.). Donation: Sl, port for the Soledad Brothers Defense ATLANTA hiring and advancement of their mQSt h.s. students 50c. Ausp. D. C. Socialist Workers Cam­ Committee. After their meeting, Castro AFRICAN LIBERATION DAY AND THE STRUGGLE FOR paign Committee. For more information, call (202) oppressed members; and that the com­ BLACK LIBERATION. Speaker: Keith Jones, Socialist 783-2363. mon exploitation of Black and white testified, she drove Davis to Soledad W9rkers Party candidate lor U.S. Congress from the workers is the basis for a united strug­ House, the San Francisco headquar­ 5th C. D. Fri., June 2, 8:30 p.m. 68 Peachtree St., gle against the capitalist employers ters of the defense committee, which Third Floor. Donation: Sl, h.s. students 50c. Ausp. Militant Bookstore Forum. For more information, call and their parties. had been opened to the public three (404) 523-0610. Linda Jenness and Andrew Puliey days earlier. of the Socialist Workers Party are the Castro's statement that she had been BOSTON only candidates in the J972 presiden­ with Davis until 2:45 p.m. directly SOCIALISTS IN THE '72 ELECTIONS. A series of clon­ ... Wallace tial elections who stand for this pro­ contradicted the testimony of the San es. 7:30 p.m. at 655 Atlantic Ave. (opposite South Station). Admission: $] per class. Ausp. Young So­ ' Continued from page 9 gram, who call for mobilizing the Quentin prison guards. They had cialists far Jenness and Pulley and the Socialist Work­ votes, none of them favor basic chang­ power of the entire labor movement maintained that Davis was waiting ers Campaign Committee. Far more information, call es, and they are all more alike than in independent struggle for the needs in the prison visitors' section from (617) 482-8050. -they are different. This is because they· of the majority of people in this coun­ 11:30 a. m: to 12:15 p.m. while Jon­ Mon., May 29: The History of SocialiSt Compaigns in the U.S. Speaker: George Bosley. - and the Democratic P.arty as a try. By bringing the campaign of Jen­ athan Jackson spoke with his brother Wed., May 31: A Marxist Looks at Miami- Politics whole- are dedicated to the goal of ness and Pulley to working people George. in the '72 Elections. Speaker: Laura Miller. preserving the capitalist system: pri­ around the country, SWP campaign Harris tried to discredit the testi­ vate ownership .of the big industries supporters are projecting the only rea} mony of Castro by emphasizing the CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE MEETINGS. Every Sunday and production for profit, not for peo- - fact that she spoke last year at a ral­ night at 7 p.m. All campaign supporters are welcome. answer to Wallace in 1972. 655 Atlantic Ave. (opposite South Station). ple' s needs. ly to free Davis. All of the Democrats-when it comes The embarrassed prosecutor shouted VOICES OF DISSENT. Anais Nin speaks on women's down to action-will take the side "Not true!"when the next witness, Carl liberation. Wed., Moy 31, at 8 p.m. on WTBS-FM, of the capitalist employers, not the Bloice, testified that he drove Davis 88.1. Sat., June 3, at 8 p.m. an WBUR-FM, 90.9. working people. Wars, racism, unem­ to the airport Aug. 7, 1970, and that LOS ANGELES ployment, peverty, and poor educa­ ... Davis he saw her ·buy a ticket at 1:45 p.m. JUNE PICNIC. June 18. Elysian Park (Scott at Sta­ tion are all part of capitalism. No Continued from page 24 for the 2 p. m. flight to Los Angeles. dium Way) Ausp. Los Angeles Socialist Workers Party. one committed to the Democratic or . Ushindi said that on the afternoon Bloice maintains that Davis spent For reservations and more information, call (213) R~publican party-the parties of big of Aug. 8, 1970, Alexander and Davis the morning of Aug. 7 working in the 463-1917. business- is going to be able to solve came to her apartment. "They asked office of the People's World, the West NEW YORK: LOWER MANHATTAN these problems. if the weapons were still in the gun Coast weekly newspaper reflecting the IN DEFENSE OF THE LATIN AMERICAN STRUGGLE. rack in the closet and looked. The views of the Communist Party. Bloice A·ponel of speakers including Judy White of the United Labor party needed two carbines and the Browning pis­ is the editor of the paper. His testi­ States Committee lor Justice to Latin American Po­ Wallace· s victories demonstrate the tol were gone." Ushindi recalled that mony could destroy the state's con­ litical Prisoners. Fri., June 2, 8 p.m. 706 Broadway, Eighth Floor (near 4th St.). Donation: $1, h.s. students urgent need for the labor movement Alexander and Davis then showed her tention that Davis was at the airport 50c. Ausp. Militant Labor Forum. For more inlormo­ to break from the Democratic Party. a newspaper p·hotograph of Jonathan the morning of Aug. 7,- waiting for tion, call (212) 982-6051. and form its own party based on Jackson holding a C!lrbine that looked Jonathan Jackson to arrive with hos­ the tr.ade unions. A political party similar to the one the Che-Lumumba tages to be exchanged for the Sole­ NEW YORK: UPPER WEST SIDE Club had owned. "They asked if Jona­ THE FUTURE OF THE NUCLEAR FAMILY. Panel dis­ based on and controlled by the la­ dad Brothers. cussion with: Natalie Shainess, psychiatrist; Bette De­ bor movement- in alliance with the than had been there, n the witness In a frantic search for a way to. nitch, anthropology professor at Barnard College; Black and Chicano movements­ stated, "and I said he had come by discredit Bloice's testimony, Harris Dianne Feeley, Socialist Workers Party. Fri., June could provide an effective vehicle for on Saturday. Then they left, and the asked, "Didn't you receive a -phone 2, 8 p.m. 2744 Broadway (106 St.). Donation: $1, fighting such evils as rising prices, nekt time I saw Angela was in the call from Angela. Davis on Aug.. 15, h.s. · students 50c. Ausp. Militant Labor Forum. For Marin County Jail." more information, call (212) 663-3000. high taxes, poor education, the wage 1970?" Harris maintained that Davis controls, and the Vietnam war. Since he was unable to discredit had used the pseudonym of J amala in SEATTLE Wallace's successes also demonstrate U shindi' s testimony, prosecutor Albert an alleged phone call from the Los THE CRISIS IN NORTHERN IRELAND. 'Speaker Helen the need for the trade unions to stop Harris began to pry into her member­ Angeles airport. Much to the prose­ Meyers, Socialist Workers Party. Fri., June 2, 8 p.m. cutor' s humiliation, the defense asked 5257 University Way N. E. Donation: $1, h.s. students giving in to the employers' policies ship in the Communist Party, her cur­ 50c. Ausp. The Militant Forum. For more information, of pitting white workers against Black rent activity in defense of Davis, and the actual Jam ala to rise from her call (206) LA3-2555. workers. The unions must refuse to her earlier refusal to testify before the seat among the spectators. Socialist Directory ALABAMA: Tuscaloosa: YSA, c/o Richard Rathers, P. 0. Box 5377, Uni­ Gary: c/o Cartwright( 123 W. Indiana, Chesterton, Ind. 46304. Lower Manhattan:. SWP, YSA and Merit Books)ore, 706 Broadway (4th versity of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Ala. 35406. KENTUCKY: Lexington:' YSA, P. 0. Box 952, University Station, Lexing- St.), Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: SWP, YSA-(212) 982- ARIZONA: Phoenix: YSA, P.O. Box 750, Tempe, Ariz. 85001. Tel: (602) ton, Ky. 40506. , 6051; Merit Baoks-(212) 982-5940. 968-5738. LOUISIANA: Baton Rouge: YSA, c/o Craig Biggio, P.O. Box 18250, Upper West -Sidet SWP af'!.d YSA, 2744 Broadway (106th St.), New Tucson: YSA, 410 N. 4th Ave:, Tucson, Ariz. 85705. Bate n Rouge, La .. 70803. Tel: (504) 388-1517. York, N.Y. 10025. Tel: (212) 663-3000. CALIFORNIA: Berkeley-Oakland: SWP and YSA, 3536 Telegraph Ave., MARYLAND: College Park: YSA, University P. 0. Box 73, U of Md., OHIO: Cincinnati: YSA, c/o C. R. Mitts, P. 0. Box 32804, Cincinnati, Oakland, Calif. 94609. Tel: (415) 654-9728. Call ege Park, Md. 20742. Ohio 45232. - Oaremont: YSA, c/o Andrea Weissberg, 247 Oberlin Ave., Clare­ MASSACHUSmS: Amherst: YSA, Box 324, Student Activities Office, Ceveland: SWP and YSA, 4420 Superior Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. 44103. mont, Calif. 91711. Tel: (714) 624-2294. Campus Center, U of Mass., Amherst, Mass. 01002. Tel: (216) 391-5553. Los Angeles: SWP and YSA, 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave., Los Angeles, Boston: SWP and YSA, c/o Militant Labor Forum, 655 Atlantic Ave., COlumbus: YSA, 1612 Summit St. (side entrance), Columbus, Ohio Calif. 90029. Tel: SWP-(213) 463-1917, YSA-(213) 463-1966. . Third Floor, Boston, Mass. 02111. Tel: SWP-(617) 482-8050, YSA­ 43201. Tel: (614) 299-2942. Riverside: YSA, c/o Don Andrews, 3408 Florida, Riverside, Calif. 92507 (617) 482-8051; Issues and Activists Speakers Bureau (IASB) andRe­ Yellow Springs: YSA, Antioch College Union, Yellow Springs, ·ohio Sacramento: YSA, c/o Bob Secor, 3702 T St.,.Sacramento, Calif. 95815. gional Committee:....(617) 482-8052; and Pathfinder Books-(617) 338- 45387. San Diego: YSA, P.O. Box 15186, San Diego, Calif. 921}5. 8560. '.I OREGON: Eugene: YSA, c/o Dave Hough, 1216 1/2 Lincoln, Eugene,

San Francisco: SWP, YSA, Militant Labor Forum, and Pioneer Books, Worcester: YSA, c/o Andy Farrand, Box 4561 Clark U, Worcester,. Mass. Ore. 97401. 2338 Market St., San Francisco, Calif. 94114. Tel: (415) 626-9958. 01610. Socialist Workers Campaign '72, P.O. Box 97, Webster Sq. Sta., POrtland; SWP and YSA, 208 S. W. Stark, Room 201, Portland, Ore. San Jose: YSA, c/o Greta Schiller, 685 Menker ~~. San Jose, Calif. Worcester, Mass. 01603. - 97204. Tel: (503) 226-2715. 95128. Tel: (408) 275-8453. MICHIGAN: A10n Arbor: YSA, P.O. Box 408, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48107. PENNSYLVANIA: Edinboro: YSA, c/o John Sajewski, Edinboro ~State San Mateo: YSA, c/o Ann Hyink, 344 Barneson Ave., San Mateo, Calif. Detroit: SWP, YSA, Eugene V. Debs Hall, 3737 w;,odward Ave., De­ College, Edinboro, Po. 16412. 94402. troit, Mich. 48201. Tel: (313) TEl-6135. Philadelphia: SWP and YSA, 1004 Filbert St. (one block north of Mar­ Santa Barbara: YSA, Box 14126, UCSB, Santa Barbara, Calif. 93107. East Lansing: YSA, P.O. Box 14, East Lansing, Mich. 48823. keQ, Philadelphia, Po. 19107. Tel: (215) WA5-4316. · Tel: (805) 968-4086. MI. Pleasant: YSA, c/o Rich Rapers, 401 W. Maple, MI. Pleasa~t, Mich. RHODE.•1SLAND: Kingston: YSA, c/o Stan Max, Kingston Inn, Room COLORADO: Boulder: YSA, c/o Jim Sarsgard, 1020 Kent St., *114, 48858. 210, 1320 Kingston Road, Kingston, R.I. 02881. Tel: (401) 783-7855. Boulder, C~lo. 80302. Tel: (303) 443-9923. MINNESOTA: Minneapolis-St. Paul: SWP, YSA and Labor Bookstore, Providence: YSA, P. 0. Box 117, Annex Sta., Providence, R.I. 02901. Denver: SWP, YSA and Militant Bookstore, 1203 California, Denver, 1 University N.E. (at E. Hennepin) Second Floor, Mpls. 55413. Tel: (612) Militant Bookstore: 88 Benevolent St. Tel: (401) 331-1480. Colo. 80204. Tel: (303) 623-2825. Bookstore open Man-Sat., 10:30 a.m.- 332-77Bl. TENNESSEE: Knoxville: YSA, c/o Keith Harris, P.O. Box 8402, Uni­ 7p.m. MISSOURI: Kansas City: YSA, c/o Student. Activities Office, U of Mis­ versity Sta., Knoxville, Tenn. 3791~. CONNECTICUT: Hartford: YSA, c/o Randy Erb, 114 Huntington St., souri at Kansas Cify, 5100 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, Mo. 64110. Nashville: YSA, c/o Elizabeth Lariscy, 1214 17th Ave. S., Nashville, Hartford, Conn. 06105. St. Louis: YSA, P.O. Box8037, St. Louis, Mo. 63156. Tenn. 37201. Tel: (615) 292-8827. New Haven: YSA and Socialist Workers '72 Campaign, P.O. Box 1B5, NEW HAMPSHIRE: Portsmouth: YSA, P. 0. Box 479, Durham, N.H. TEXAS: Austin: SWP and YSA, P. o·. Box 5586, West Austin Station, New Haven, Conn. 06501. 03824. Austin, Texas 78703. Tel: (512) 478-8602. Bookstore: 611 West 29th. FLORIDA: Tallahassee: YSA, c/o Bill Boyd, 514 N. Bronaugh, Tallahassee, NEW JERSEY: New Brunswiclc YSA, c/o LPO 12149, livingston Col­ Houston: SWP and YSA and Pathfinder Books, 6409 Lyons Ave., Hous-· Fla. 32301. lege, New Brunswick, N.J. 08903. ton, Texas77020. Tel: (713) 674-0612. Tampa: Socialist Workers Campaign '72 cfo David Maynard, P.O. Wayne: YSA, c/o Clyde Magarelli, William-Paterson College of N.J., Lubboclc YSA, Box 5090, Tech. Sta., Lubbock, Texas 79409. Tel: (BO~J 8ax702, 4100 Fletcher Ave., Tampa, Fla. 33612.. 300 Pompton Rd., Wayne, N.J. 07470. 747-6842. . GEORGIA: Atlanta: Militant Bookstore, 68 ·Peachtree St., Third Floor, NEW MEXICO: Albuquerque: YSA, c/o Vivian Abeles, 3807 Thaxton San Antonio: YSA, c/o P.O. Box 774, San Antonio, Texas 78202. SWP and YSA, P.O. Box 846, Atlanta, Ga. 30301. Tel: (404) 523-0610. S. E., Albuquerque, N.M. 87108. Tel: (505) 268-1541. VERMONT: Burlington: YSA, c/0 John Franco, 306 Chittenden Hall, · ILLINOIS: Carbondale: YSA, c/o John Center, 1407 Schnider Hall, U of Vermont, Burlington, Vt. 05401. Bush Towers, Carbondale, Ill. 62901. Tel: (618) 453-5882.' · NEW YORK: Binghamton; YSA, Box 1073, Harpur College, Bingham­ WASHINGTON, D.C.: SWP and YSA, 746 9th St. N. W., Second Floor, Chicagoi SWP, YSA and bookstore, 180 N. Wacker Dr., Room 310, ton, N.Y. 13901. Tel: (607) 798-4142. Wash., D. C. 20001. Tel: (202) 783-2363. Chicago, Ill. 60606. Tel: SWP-(312) 641-0147, YSA-(312) 641-0233. Brooldyn: SWP and YSA, 136 Lawrence St. (at Willoughby), Brook­ WASHINGTON: Pullman: YSA, c/o Dean W. Johnson, 406 E. McKen, DeKalb: YSA, c/o Student Activities Center, Northern Illinois U, De­ lyn, N.Y. 11201. Tel: (212) 596-2849. . zie, Pullman, Wash. 99163. , Kalb, Ill. 60115. Tel: (815) 753-0510 (day); (815) 758-2935 (night). Long Island: P. 0. Box 357, Roosevelt, L.l., N.Y. 11575.Tel: (516) FR9- Seattle: Militant Bookstore, 5257 University Way N. E., Seattle, Wash. Macomb: YSA, c/o Lynn Llyod, 809 Corbin, Macomb, Ill. 61455. 0289. 98105. Hrs. 11 a:'m.-8 p.m., Mon.-Sat. Tel: (206) 523-2555. INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o Student Activities Desk, Indiana Uni­ New· Yo;k City- City-wide SWP and YSA, 706 Broadway (4th St.), WISCONSIN: Madison: ·vsA, c/o Mary Jo Vogel, 411 W. Gorham versity, Bloomington, Ind. 47 401. Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: (212) 260-0976. St., Madison, Wis. 53703. Tel: (601!) 256-1693:,.

22 MAYt970=. Birth of the Antiwar University A collection of articles documenting the May 1970 student strike against the war in· Southeast Asia. Includes leaflets and eyewitness accounts written by the strikers. $1.05. . Pathfinder Press, 410 West St., New York, N.Y. 10014.

nson rst. en since the beginning, Intercontinental Press has been exposing the real aims of the White House, the Pentagon, the State Department, and the CIA in Indochina. HELP CHANGE Our forecasts have been borne out with remarkable consistency. U.S. troops out of Indochina NOW! To make your efforts more effective, arm yourself with the facts. Read _,-~. THE· WORLD! Intercontinental Press every week.

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THE MILITANT/JUNE 2, 1972 23 THE MILITANT

. ' Massive antiwar actions in Peru, Mexico; Jenness on whirlwind Latin America tour By BEN ATWOOD On May 18 Jenness spoke to about society, how the Angela Davis de­ ed will win," "Vietnam, surely you will BUENOS AIRES, May 22-Socialist 400 students at the Engineering fense is going, and what Jenness's give it hard to the Yankees," "Yankees Workers Party presidential candidate School of the university in Lima. policy would be on Latin America out of Peru," and "Nixon, assassin." Linda Jenness has received an ex­ She was interrupted throughout her if she were elected. Invited by the reporter who first tremely warm reception so far on her speech with applause from the audi­ Jenness received great applause met us at the airport, Li,nda Jenness speaking and fact-finding tour ·in ence. The response was especially when she stated that China and the marched with newspaper reporters, Latin America. enthusiastic when Jenness called for Soviet Union should unite to defend who had a special contingent in the After two days in Mexico, we stop­ support for Angela Davis, saying Vietnam and that the people of th-e demonstration. ped in Lima, Peru. When we arrived that her only crime was being Black, world should demand this: "It would We arrived in Buenos Aires, Argen­ in Lima May 7 we were met at the a woman, and . a member of the be a crime against humanity," tina, yesterday to see about 200 peo­ airport by a photographer and a re­ Communist Party. Jenness said, "if they let the Viet­ ple on the airport observation plat­ porter from the daily newspaper Ex­ The students also responded to her namese revolution go down in de­ form holding up a large banner say­ preso, which has a circulation of statement that victory for the Vietna!p.­ feat." ing "Welcome; Linda." When Jenness about 250,000. The reporter was a ese revolution is a victory for the. Jenness was interviewed by an­ got off the plane and waved, she was other newspaper, El Correa, and met with loud cheers. - spoke on television for about two The customs officials gave Jenness 20,000 demonstrate in Mexico City minutes, stressing the importance of some trouble because she was carry­ the international antiwar movement. ing a lot of campaign literature, but against U.S. escalation in Vietnam On May ~9 Jenness spoke again we got through and were immediately MEXICO .CITY, May 24- Between ers denounced the Vietnam war as an at the university, this time to about brought to a news conference with 20,000 and 25,000 people marched imperialist war and alsovspoke out 300 students at the School of Agri­ about 25 reporters present. here on May l 7 in a peaceful protest in protest of the brutal treatment faced culture. She was officially invited to When she finished talking to report­ against U.S~ aggression in Vietnam. by political prisoners in Lecumberri speak by the Student Federation of ers, her welcomers- mostly young This was the first major antiwar ac­ prison in Mexico City. Although many the School of Agriculture. The ~tu- people- were all ·waiting. They were tion held in Mexico in more than four previous demonstrations here, includ­ . dents were in the midst of preparing clapping and shouting a rhymed slo- years. ing one last June, have been attacked for an antiwar demonstration sched­ . gan that could be roughly translated The daily newspapers gave a great­ by police or right wingers,. there were uled to take place that night. as, "Linda, Linda, Linda. What a deal of coverag~ to the demonstration. no such attacks against this action. On the evening of May 19 Jenness beautiful thing, that our- compaftera El Dia, a major paper, estimated the participated in the first antiwar dem­ Linda supports the Vietnamese peo­ crowd size as 20,000. The march a,nd rally were organized onstration ever held in Lima. About ple." The marchers surged down the main by a newly formed group, Comite de 25,000 to 30,000 marched 30 blocks This morning the four daily news­ streets as crowds, clearly in support Mobilizaci6n pro-Vietnam (Mobiliza­ through the city shouting slogans· papers carried stories on Jenness of the demonstration, lined the side­ tion Committee for Vietnam). This is against the Vietnam war. based on the interviews at the air­ walks. The march 'culminated in a a broad coalition of some 30 orga­ The demonstration was organized port. This afternoon's papers came rally at the Juarez Monument attended nizations including the Mexican Com­ - by a broad united front of more than out with much more information, and by 30,000 people despite a heavy rain­ munist Party and the Mexican Trot­ 35 organizations- unions, ~hurch at noon today Jenness appeared on storm. skyist organization, Grupo Comunista groups, student groups, a group of live TV for about 10 minutes, speak­ There were three speakers at the Internacionalista (Internationalist Wlves of miners who were on strike, ing as a feminist. rally, two of them students. The speak- Communist Group). and many others. The united-front One of the main attractions is that group sponsoring the march officially Jenness is a feminist. Women's libera­ feminist and was very interested in Latin American people because it invited Jenness to participate in it. tion groups are just beginning to f6rm the development of the women's lib­ would weaken imperialism. The square where the march began here, and these groups are interested eration movement in the United The question and answer period was jammed with thousands of people in talking with Jenness. States. was very long and every response carrying signs and banners. Thou­ Jenness will go on a national tour The interview resulted in a front­ by Jenness received applause. The sands more lined the streets for the of Argentina for the rest of this week, page photo of Jenness and a good students had questions about China, length of the march, cheering as the speaking at universities in Tucaman, article in· Expreso the following day. Bangladesh, and Ceylon. They placards .went by. Rosario, Mar del Plata, and Bahia Another article appeared in the Sun­ asked why the Socialist Workers The official demand of th.e march Blanca. She will also be speaking at day magazine secJion of the same Party participates in elections, why was "Yankees out of Vietnam!" Other meetings sponsored by the Argentine paper. revolution is necessary ·to change slogans were "Peru ·and Vietnam unit- Socialist Party. Defense rests case in Angela Davis trial By MICHAEL SCHREIBER George Jackson was the alleged pur­ "There's something about a shotgun dad Brothers Defense Committee and SAN JOSE, May 24- The defense in pose of the "conspiracy" until read­ here. I just bought one a few days the Che-Lumumba Club, an organiza­ the Angela Davis murder-kidnapping­ ing the newspapers the following day. ago for the defense of Soledad House tion affiliated to the Communist Party. conspiracy frame-up rested its case The prosecution's rebuttal is sched­ and gave it to Jonathan. I wonder She explained that .several carbines, today with testimony by Soledad uled to begin ·on May 26, and the if it could be that one!" an automatic pistol, and ammunition Brother Fleeta Drumgo. case should go to the jury early next An earlier witness, Tamu Ushindi were kept in a closet in the apartment Drumgo, who entered the courtroom week. (V,alerie Mitchell), testified that her and that they were used for target bound in chains, testified that he had This past week the prosecution has apartment in Los Angeles had served pra.ctice by Che-Lumumba members. no knowledge of the Aug. 7, 1970, been forced to expose the fabricated as the headquarters of both the Sole- Continued on page 22 escape attempt at the Marin County nature of. its case in the face ;>_f a courthouse until hearing about the in­ startling rebuttal by the defense. Un­ cident on the San Quentin prison ra­ able to effectively refute the defense This week's highlights iD dio. Drumgo stated \hat he did not witnesses, the prosecution has tried know that freedom for him and his to slander them with red-baiting. codefendants John Cluchette and On May 23, defense witness . Ellen the Angela Davis trial Broms testified that Angela Davis and MAY 17-21- Court in recess. MAY 22 - The defense presents its Franklin Alexander (the national co­ first witnesl)es. ordinator of the Davis defense com­ MAY 20- Close to 3,500 people Ruchell Magee is granted a mittee) had a quiet dinner at her house participate in a rally in San Jose change of trial site from Marin in Los Angeles on the evening of Aug. against war, racism, and repres­ County to San Francisco. Magee's 7, 1970. About 10:30 p.m. Alexander sion. Franklin Alexander, nation­ case was severed from Davis's last received a phone call from his wife, al coordinator of the National July. Magee announces that he is Kendra, announcing that 'Jonathan United Committee to Free Angela planning a $200,000 civil action Jackson had been killed that morn-. Davis, called for mass demonstra­ against officials of the San Quen­ ing at the Marin County Civic Center. tions "in front of every U.S. em~ tin prison and against the San According to Broms, Davis then ex­ bassy in the world" as the case Francisco Chronicle for holding claimed, through tears, "I can't be­ draws to. a close and goes to the him up to public ridicule while lieve it. He's so . young!" Broms re­ jury. Other speakers at the rally denying him ' an opportunity for' called that Davis and Alexander read included Mayor Richard Hatcher rebuttal. the details of the Marin County events of Gary, Ind.; Raul Ruiz of the in the morning newspaper after stay­ Raza U!rlda Party in Los Angeles; California law presently forbids ing overnight at her home. "My God!" and AI Hubbard of the Vietnam a person serving a life sentence, Davis cried out, according' to Broms. Veterans Against the War. like Magee, from filing a civil suit. ..I

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