1961 - CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 10107 muntst conspiracy; to the Committee on MEMORIALS By Mr. PATMAN: Foreign Affairs. H .R. 7615. A bill for the relief of Clara B. By Mr. ALGER: Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memo Fry; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.J. Res. 448. Joint resolution expressing rials were presented and referred as fol By Mr. ROGERS of Colorado: declaration of will of the American people lows: H.R. 7616. A bill for the relief of Stephen and purpose of their Government to achieve By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legis Patrick House, Ellen Myra Rachael House, complete victory over the forces of the world lature of the State of California, memorializ Thomas Stephen Rendall House and Jane Communist movement; to the Committee on ing the President and the Congress of the Ellen House; to the Committee on the Ju Foreign Affairs. United States relating to the Office of Saline diciary. By Mr. GARLAND: Water of the U.S. Department of the Interior; By Mr. MORRIS K. UDALL: H. Con. Res. 329. Concurrent resolution ex to the Committee on Appropriations. H.R. 7617. A bill for the relief of John W. pressing the sense of the Congress with re Also, memorial of the Legislature of the Schleiger; to the Committee on the Judi spect to the proposed trade by Cuba of pris State of California, memorializing the Presi ciary. oners for tractors; to the Committee on dent and the Congress of the United States By Mr. VINSON: Foreign Affairs. relative to optimum development of the Cen H.R. 7618. A bill authorizing the payment of certain moneys to N. M. Bentley in settle By Mr. MERROW: tral Valley Basin and San Francisco Bay ment of claim against the United States; to H. Con. Res. 330. Concurrent resolution ex region of California, including multipurpose the Committee on the Judiciary. pressing the sense of the Congress that the developm~nt of certain watersheds therein; By Mr. ZELENKO: to the Committee on Interior and Insular United States should withdraw from further H.R. 7619. A bill for the relief of Eleni negotiations with respect to atomic disarma Affairs. P apoulis; to the Committee on the Judiciary. ment, and immediately resume atomic test H .R. 7620. A bill for the relief of Leslie ing; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. George Graham; to the Committee on the By Mr. PHILBIN: PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Judiciary. H. Con. Res. 331. Concurrent resolution re Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private H.R. 7621. A bill for the relief of Mr. Jan lating to restoration of freedom to captive bills and resolutions were introduced and Henryk Biel; to the Committee on the Ju nations; to the Committee on Foreign Af diciary. fairs. severally referred as follows: By Mr. ALGER: By Mr. BUCKLEY: H. Con. Res. 332. Con current resolution ex H .R. 7607. A bill for the relief of Angelo PETITIONS, ETC. pressing the sense of the Congress with re Pellicano; t o t he Committee on the Judi Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions spect to the proposed trade by Cuba of pris ciary. By Mr. J OHANSEN: and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk oners for tractors; to the Committee on: and referred as follows: Foreign Affairs. H .R. 7608. A bill for the relief of Mrs. By Mr. SHORT: Barbara Walker De Maso; to the Committee 178. By Mr. DOOLEY: Resolution of the on the Judiciary. H. Con. Res. 333. Concurrent resolution ex Civic and Business Federation, White Plains pressing the sense of the Congress with re By Mr. KING of California: (N .Y. ) Chamber of Commerce, urging that spect to the proposed trade by Cuba of H.R. 7609. A bill for the relief of Cesar the House Rules Committee adopt the Smith prisoners for tractors; to the Committee on Garcia ; to the Committee on the Judiciary. resolution (H. Res. 125) to amend rule XXI Foreign Affairs. · By Mr. LANE : of t he House of Representatives, so that no H.R. 7610. A bill for the relief of Joe Ka bill or joint resolution carrying appropria By Mr. KITCHIN: wakami; to the Committee on the Judiciary. tions or other language that would permit H. Res. 334. Resolution to create a select By Mr. McDONOUGH: the withdrawal of money from the Treasury committee to investigate personnel and pro H .R . 7611. A bill for the relief of Milagros without further action by the Congress * * * cedures in the Department of State of the Corteza Polvorosa; to t h e Commit tee on the shall be r eported by any committee not United States; to the Committee on Rules. J ud iciary. h avin g jurisdiction to report appropriations; By Mr. MONAGAN: By Mr. CLEM MILLER: to the Committee on Rules. H. Res. 335. Resolution disapproving Reor H .R . 7612. A bill for the relief of Otto 179. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Henry ganization Plan No. 6 t ransmitted to Con Bagai; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Stoner, Avon Park, Fla., relative to request-: gress by the President on June 12, 1961; to By Mr. O'HARA of Illinois: ing legislation permitting door-to-door solici the Committee on Government Operations. H .R. 7613. A bill for the relief of Andreas tation of "Madison's Notes," which is printed H. Res. 336. Resolution disapproving Reor Thies; to the Committee on the Judiciary. as a document, and which would permit ganization Plan No. 7 transmitted to Con Mr. O'HARA of Illinois (by request): easier purchases of and encourage reading gress by the President on June 12, 1961; to H.R. 7614. A bill for the relief of Rosina of these patriotic documents; to the Com the Committee on Government Operations. Thies; t o the Committee on the Judiciary. mittee on House Administration.
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS
Statement in Support of Appropriations last December, when there was heavy 1962, and I hope that your subcommittee snow on the ground, and during sub will take favorable action on them: Needed for the Water Resources of freezing weather, to ascertain the For the continuing study of navigation West Virginia facilities for the Big Sandy, River, W. Va., Ky., worthiness of each project. All of the and Va. This will permit certain economic projects for which appropriations are studies and continuing traffic and market EXTENSION OF REMARKS needed, and in behalf of which I testi surveys, $20,000. OF fied, are necessary for the economy and To complete the study of the Twelve-Pole welfare of West Virginia, and several Creek project. This will permit the restudy HON. ROBERT · C. BYRD are vital to our national defense and of the authorized East Lynn Reservoir, two additional potential reservoir sites, and a OF WEST VIRGINIA national well-being as well. I ask unanimous consent that my possible channel project at Wayne, W. Va. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES statement before the Public Works Sub This investigation is about 50 percent com plete, and the study is primarily for flood Monday,June12,1961 committee of the Senate Appropriations control, $18,000. Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Committee be printed in the RECORD. For continuing the survey of Cheat River, President, on Thursday, June 8, 1961, I There being no objection, the state $70,000. was afforded the privilege of appearing ment was ordered to be printed in the For Deckers Creek, $1,600. before the Public Works Subcommittee RECORD, as follows: For Summersville Reservoir. This project of the Senate Appropriations Commit STATEMENT IN SUPPORT OF APPROPRIATIONS is expected to be completed by the fall of tee, to testify in support of several items NEEDED FOR THE WATER RESOURCES OF WEST 1964, $9 million. VIRGINIA For operation and maintenance of the which are in the budget for fiscal year Bluestone Reservoir, $80,000. 1962, and which relate to the work of Mr. Chairman, I appreciate this opportu nity to appear before your distinguished sub:. For operation and maintenance of Sutton the Corps of Army Engineers in my committee. I have with me today repre Reservoir, $94,000. State of West Virginia. I might say to sentatives of the Ohio Valley Improvement To initiate planning on the Racine locks my distinguished colleagues that each of Association. I shall be very brief. · I am and dams, Ohio River, $75,000. the items which I supported I have per glad to support the !ollowtng· items which For the Opekiska lock and dam, Mononga sonally inspected. I made a special trip are in the budget request for fl.seal year 'hela River, $3 million. 10108 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 12 For the Pike Island locks and dam, nection therewith. My observations during By improving our nonmilitary defenses $14,600,000. that trip convinced me that it is absolutely and expanding our counter offensive efforts Mr. Chairman, there are two items which I imperative that we carry forward the mod economically, ideologically, culturally. particularly want to call careful attention ernization of the Ohio River system and that By more effectively mobilfzlng ·our man to at this time. One is the budget request of the Monongahela just as soon as it is power and resources, particulatly by provid for the Bellevllle locks and dam. The En physically possible. I witnessed the opera ing more opportunity for our citizens to gineers have indicated, during the recent tion of the old, outmoded, obsolete locks voluntarily serve our country in this time of hearings, that they have a capability of ef and dams on these two rivers, and I also crisis. fectively using $1.1 million over the budget witnessed the operation of our more modern From time to time, I receive inquiries request of $900,000, thus making a total locks and dams. Modernization of these from patriotic citizens asking, "What can capability, as of this time, amounting to $2 locks and dams will redound to the best I do, as an individual citizen, to better serve million. I hope that your subcommittee will interests of West Virginia and adjoining my country?" add $1.1 million to the budget request for States from the standpoint of making pos As of now, there is, unfortunately, little the Belleville lock and dam. The Engineers sible the attraction and growth of industry. if any opportunity for such voluntary serv could then advance the completion date of Cheaper transportation will follow, and this ice. Consequently, I believe a sweeping re the project by 7 or 8 months. I call attention enhances our position in meeting competi view of our Nation's policies is essential. to General Graham's testimony in which he tion from abroad. Finally, modernization The purpose would include efforts to examine said that the annual average benefits to be of these two river systems is necessary to the possibility of: realized from the replacement of the old the security of this Nation. We will be lax 1. Allowing financial contributions from and obsolete locks and dams 18, 19, and 20 in our responsibility if we fail to replace the individuals who so wish to "invest in our by this new structure will amount to an obsolete locks and dams which, in time of security"-more than just required taxes. estimated $6,575,000, all navigation. Con a n ational emergency, would delay water sequently, it seems to me that the committee transportation and hamper our national ef 2. In spiring our citizens to think about, would be very wise in appropriating the fort to survive. and to attempt to create new and better ideas for coping with this grea.t evil. additional $1.1 million, an amount which we will eventually have to spend anyhow, 3 . And to enable our citizens to actively but by spending it now we will make pos enlist in the fight against communism. sible the completion of the project over Today, the Communists have an esti one-half year earlier than it is presently Nonmilitary Battle Against Communism mated 36 million people operating in about scheduled, and thus permit a saving of per 86 n ations. Their purpose is espionage, haps more than $4 million in terms of the sabotage, subversion-to undermine existing, benefits which will accrue from earlier com EXTENSION OF REMARKS non-Communist governments and eventually pletion. The project can be completed in OF "take over" the countries. April 1967 instead of December 1967, as is This army of Red conspirators represents presently contemplated. HON. ALEXANDER WILEY a threat equal to, if not greater than the Mr. Chairman, the other item which I OF WISCONSIN military power of the Communist bloc-if would like to mention at this time is a re an East-West standoff by "threat of mutual IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES quest for $95,000 which I submitted to you annihilation" continues to exist. in a letter on January 23, 1961. This would Monday,June12,1961 To fight this nonmilitary battle, then, permit the Army Engineers to conduct a re we need to create an army of "freedom com study of three reservoirs on the Little Ka Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, yester mandos," trained to fight and conquer in nawha River. The reservoirs show consider day, over radio station WGN, Chicago, this kind of war. Admittedly, this would able promise, and they can be identified as I was privileged to review some ideas be a new tactic in U.S. strategy. But never the West Fork, Burnsville, and Steer Creek for fighting the nonmilitary battle before in history have we been faced with Reservoirs. Capt. Raymond G. Clark, Jr., of against communism. such a global nonmilitary, as well as mili the Huntington Corps of Engineers, pre I ask unanimous consent that excerpts tary, attack against freedom. sented this estimate of the cost for the re Currently, a bill, S. 822, is pending before study in a letter addressed to me on Jan from this address be printed in the CoN the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. uary 19, 1961. I quote from his letter: GRESSIONAL RECORD. The objective of this bill would be to estab During the meeting at Spencer, you asked There being no objection, the excerpts lish a Freedom Academy to conduct non that you be furnished estimates of costs for were ordered to be. printed in the REC military warfare against the Reds. Although a feasibility study of the West Fork, Burns ORD, as follows: objections have been raised to some aspects ville and Steer Creek reservoir projects with of the program, this at least would be one a view to placing one or more of the proj "FREEDOM COMMANDOS" TO FIGHT NON approach to the problem. ects in the active category. Such a study MILITARY BATTLE AGAINST COMMUNISTS If we are to defeat the Red threat to would involve flood damage estimates, foun EXCERPTS OF ADDRESS PREPARED FOR DE our survival, I believe, we need to consider dation explorations, examinations of borrow LIVERY BY SENATOR ALEXANDER Wll.EY seriously the adoption of this, or a similar material, design of structures, estimates of (REPUBLICAN, OF WISCONSIN) OVER RADIO kind of program for training highly skilled, relocations and lands, flood routings and STATION WGN, CHICAGO, JUNE 11, 1961 proficient "freedom commandos" to help consideration of uses for flood control, water The world-now that the aura of antici- fight-and win-the battle against com supply, low flow and recreation. It is esti pation around the Kennedy-Khrushchev munism. mated that the cost for one site would be meeting has subsided-must settle down to $35,000 and $30,000 for each of the remain a long to-and-fro struggle. The results of ing two sites. No determination has been the head-on meeting between the two chiefs made as to when the present work load of state are best reflected in the President's Result of 1961 Public Opinion Poll of would permit the accomplishment of such words in effect that concessions were neither studies. given, nor received. 17th Ohio District Mr. Chairman, I am very desirous of hav Now, the cold war-perhaps intensified ing this appropriation included in the blll will go on. In the post-Vienna period, then, EXTENSION OF REMARKS which you will soon report to the full com we must face these realisms: mittee. The Reds will be as tough as ever in ne OF Mr. Chairman, in closing, may I compli gotiation-agreeing only when it will serve HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK ment this committee on the excellent work the Communist cause. which has been done in past years in mak Communist military aggression will con OF omo ing possible the modernization of the Ohio tinue--wherever this can accomplish their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and Monongahela River systems. This mod purposes without evoking a too large scale Monday,June12,1961 ernization is proceeding at a fast rate, but war. Western military strength, however, it must be accelerated as much as is pos probably will continue to serve as a deter Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, I sible. I traveled down the Monongahela and rent to massive attack. believe the results of the 17th District the Ohio Rivers during the iterim between The Communist nations will step up eco Public Opinion Poll present a very inter the last session and the present session of nomic, ideological; cultural penetration of Congress. Your committee staff member, new lands and people. esting picture of the reactions of my Mr. Kenneth Bousquet, went with me, and In the face of such a multipronged constituents to the legislative proposals Col. Steven Maievich, Huntington Corps of offensive, we must either create more effec before the Congress. Questionnaires Engineers, and Col. W.W. Smith, Pittsburgh tive policies for stopping them, or watch were mailed to a represenoo.tive cross Corps of Engineers, accompanied me, to .more and more of the world be gobbled up section of voters in all seven counties of gether with Col. Robert Giesen of the Office .by communism. my district and we received 12,622 replies of the Chief of Engineers. How, then, can we best fight .such ag At this time I wish to express apprecia gression: of which 84 percent returned question tion to these men for their· able efforts and By further strengthening our jet-missile naires which I had mailed directly to their fine cooperation in helping to arrange nuclea.r space defenses to .serve as a d.eter voters .and 16 percent were clipped from that trip and 1n working with me in con- rent to massive attack. district newspapers. 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- HOUSE 10109 Even more significant than the results growing public concern for the direction and what they think. It is my opinion of the poll which indicate a grave con our Government is taking and the op that in questionnaires of this type we get cern in huge spending proposals and pressive taxation and loss of individual a much clearer picture than is ever pre deficit fl.seal policies is the fact that over freedom which is resulting from the sented by pressure groups or vocal mi 7,000 of my constituents took the time to huge welfare programs. norities. I would commend a study of the write their views in addition to casting We often hear organizations and asso results contained in the summary below their votes. These views illustrate the ciations telling us what the people want to the membership of the House: Results of questionnaire [In percent] 1. What are your thoughts on Federal aid to education (answer 1): (a) I do not favor a program of Federal aid to education ______51 (b) I favor Federal aid to education only if there is no control of our traditionally local school matters __ ------35 N(c)o opin I favioorn Federa______l aid to education ______------_-_-______------__- ____----__---______------______------_--____------______------_--______------__ -----______---___----__-_-__--_-_---____--___ _ 9 5 No opin Y es No ion 2. Do you favor Federal aid or loans to private or parochial schools______10 87 3 3. Which more adequately reflects your position on medical care: (a) I semupploportyees a andcomp empulsatlooyeryrs _F______edera_l______program_ ___of______medical_____ ca_r_e______for the_____ aged______unde______r socia_l______securi______ty wi_t__h _the______cost of program______paid for by_ in__crease______d__ t__axe__s_ _on__ 16 (b) I support a voluntary program of medical care for the aged with costs shared by Federal and State Governments out of general tax revenues ______29 ~~ ~pd(;fo~t believe in government participation in this field ______48 7 4. D o you favor a farm program which will- · (a) M ove in the direction of less controls and subsid ics __------84 (b) E J?-~eavor to improve farm income by adopting strict farm controls and price supports ______8 No op1ruon ______8 No opin- Yes No ion 0. Do you support the President's request for extension of tho 1-cent tax on gasoline (which expires this year) to finance improvemen ts in our Interstate 59 36 5 6. sh!fj~R~~ 8J£~~ie diplomatically recognized by this Government? ______14 74 12 7. Should Congress raise the minimum hourly wage to $1.25 and extend it to local businesses heretofore considered in State or local commerce? ______36 67 7 8. Do you favor the P resident's multibillion dollar foreign aid program? ______13 77 10 9. Do you believe that Congress should enact laws protecting domestic industries from competition of products imported for sale in the United States? ______64 24 12 10. Do you believe in extending unemployment compensation benefits from 26 to 39 weeks? ______35 58 7 2 94 0 g: f~o~g!;:~b~1;~~t~!·~~ti~e ~~~X~e~ :~i ~ti~7ftf:gi=itl~i:_-_-: ~======10 76 14 13. Do you favor a general increase in the services of Go vernment as proposed by the President? ______16 73 11 14. Do you support the proposed Peace Corps? ______------37 43 20
River Projects in Alabama project plus $75,000 to resume planning The self-seeking Pentagon clique of the Claiborne lock and dam, Alabama which has never truly accepted civilian River; and $300,000 to complete planning EXTENSION OF REMARKS control is again playing the old game of and design of Carters flood and power dam, seeking to discredit top civilian officials, OF Coosawattee River, Ga. All three items are essential to the continued economic growth especially the Secretary of Defense. HON. FRANK W. BOYKIN of the commercially tributary area of 26,000 There are the planted newspaper OF ALABAMA square miles with a population of 3 million. stories, there are the leaks to the press, Because the testimony of Mr. Robert F. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES there are the statements attributed to Henry, president of the Coosa-Alabama River "high ranking" but still anonymous serv- Monday, June 12, 1961_ Improvement Association, and others here today from Alabama contain in complete de . ice sources. All have the same objec Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, under tail the "whys" and "wherefores" for the tive-to tear down the Civilian Defense leave to extend my remarks in the REC requested. $750,000 to expedite this vital Chief and thereby build up the strength ORD, I include the following statement river development, I shall not elaborate fur of the military bosses. by Congressman GEORGE GRANT before ther except to conclude that nothing could And what is Secretary McNamara's the Subcommittee on Appropriations for have pointed up more emphatically the im crime, in the eyes of these single-minded Public Works: portance of the construction of all the ap zealots who seek to destroy him? proved dams on this river system than the STATEMENT OF CONGRESSMAN GEORGE GRANT recent floods. Most assuredly, now is the It is simply that he has sought to Mr. Chairman, it is my privilege to join time before similar floods occur, Mr. Chair follow the constitutional provision that with my colleagues from Alabama and many m an and members of your subcommittee, to our Armed Forces be under civilian con outstanding leaders of our State in stressing approve the requested amounts in the 1962 trol. the need for the complete development of budget. By your approval, you will be help The military clique will accept a fig the Alabama-Coosa River system at the ing to bring about vast untapped resources urehead; it will smile pleasantly on any earliest possible date and specifically, today, which the people of the Alabama-Coosa in urging approval of the three items in the River Basin and the Nation cannot afford Secretary who talks in pious general 1962 Federal budget that will do much to to leave undeveloped. ities and lets the military keep control ward expediting this goal. of policy. As evidenced by t he floods in February But this power-hungry brazen-brass and early March of this year , a controlled water system could h ave allayed much of clique will not accept a Secretary who the some $15 million damage and the evacu Civilian Control of the Pentagon not only pays lip service to civilian con ation of 5,180 f amilies from the basin of trol but who actually moves toward full t he Alabama-Coosa River system. · For sev EXTENSION OF REMARKS civilian supervision. It resents Secretary eral yeaxs now, a group similar to the one OF McNamara; it is fighting him, and before you today, has been testifying before fighting him viciously. this subcommittee in support of funds for HON. FRANK KOWALSKI projects on the Alabam a-Coosa River. Dur We want no military czars in this ing this time, you will recall that the Corps OF CONNECTICUT country, Mr. Speaker; we want no gen of Engineers has established the economic IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES eral staff to be in full control; we want feasibility of the ultimate development of Monday,June12,1961 no men on horseback. the Coosa River for navigation and has rec ommended. that the construction of the Ala Mr. KOWALSKI. Mr. Speaker, the We want, as the Constitution provides bama River development be initiated as arrogance of the military mentality and as history has proven wise, a Mili soon as practicable. The 86th Congress ap which for too long has marked certain tary Establishment that is under com pr opriated $200,000 in fl.seal year 1961 for plete civilian direction. planning of Millers Ferry multipurpose dam, segments of our Defense Establishment Alabama River; and the Federal budget for is being displayed again in the all-out What the power clique is doing can 1962 contains an item of $37,000 to com campaign being waged against Secretary be regarded ·as nothing other than dis plete advanced planning and design of this of Defense McNamara. loyalty to the United States. 10110 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 1~ This is a serious charge, Mr. Speaker, nonindustrial workers; 64,000 new homes; tended duty treatment so that -unfair but this is an extremely serious situa 30,000 additional school children; 90,000 ad competition will not arise from the pres ditional automobiles; 30,000 more telephones; tion. Our system, facing stem threats $412 million annual increase in personal ent erroneous application of the law. from without, faces an even greater income; $189 million annual increase in bank This urgently needed corrective action danger of collapse from within if this deposits; and $251 million more retall sales would be accomplished by a clarifying revolt against civilian control of defense per year. definition of what the tariff law means is allowed to continue. I can think of nothing that Alabama needs in regard to a lightweight bicycle. I know that the Congress will support more today than it does the total of 95,000 Mr. Speaker, the survival of our do Secretary McNamara in whatever strong new jobs which this development will mestic bicycle industry may well depend action he feels is needed to quash this eventually bring about. on the promptness with which Congress Our Government will reap great benefits. power clique rebellion-and to quash it America will reap great benefits. The de acts on the legislative proposal which I completely and irrevocably. fense of our Nation will be made more secure; have joined in cosponsoring with my our industry will have the benefits of cheap colleague the gentleman from New York transportation; our people wm have jobs [Mr. KEOGH]. all these m ake a strong America. They make Mr. Speaker, my own State of Ten River Project in Alabama a st ron g Alabama. nessee is vitally interested in this pro posed legislation because one of the larg EXTENSION OF REMARKS est bicycle manufacturing plants in the OF country is located in Lawrenceburg, Bicycle Import Loophole Tenn. This plant last year employed HON. FRANK W. BOYKIN 2,000 workers. OF ALABAMA EXTENSION OF REMARKS Due to this unfair import competition IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF the employment this year has dropped Monday, June 12, 1961 to 1,800 workers. HON. HOWARD H. BAKER Unless this loophole is promptly closed, Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, under OF TENNESSEE leave to extend my remarks in the REC further substantial decline in employ ORD, I include the following statement by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment will necessarily follow. Hon. CARL ELLIOTT before the Subcom Monday, June 12, 1961 mittee on Appropriations for Public Mr. BAKER. Mr. Speaker, I have to Works: day introduced a bill (H.R. 7587) de Returns From Questionnaire From STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE CARL ELLIOTT signed to close a customs loophole and OF .ALABAMA bring a stop to collusive duty avoidance Senator Beall Mr. Chairman, I appear today to urge that endeavors by certain bicycle importers the Subcommittee on Civil Functions ap and foreign bicycle manufacturers. In EXTENSION OF REMARKS prove the budget items designed to speed essence my bill would stop foreign manu OF along the development of the Coosa factured bicycles from being imported Alabama River system; namely, (1) $375,000 to complete the advanced planning and de into the United States under a customs HON. J. GLENN BEALL sign of Mlllers Ferry navigation and hydro subterfuge that results in the assessment OF MARYLAND electric power dam, Alabama River, at mile of only half of the duty that Congress IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 140; (2) $75,000 to resume planning of Clai and the Executive intended should ap borne navigation dam, Alabama River, at ply. The bill would not give any new Monday,June12,1961 mile 80; (3) $300,000 to complete planning protection to the American bicycle in Mr. BEALL. Mr. President, each year, and design of Carters flood and hydroelectric dustry but would merely make sure that for the past several years, I have sent power dam, Coosawatte River, Ga. The Coo the American manufacturers providing to my constituents a questionnaire sawattee River is one of the headwater touching upon subjects of national in streams and is a tributary of the Oostanaula jobs for American working people get the River-the latter joins the Etowah at Rome benefit of the tariff safeguards presently terest. Today, by means of my weekly to form the Coosa. on the statute books. newsletter, I am furnishing my con Mr. Chairman. the Coosa-Alabama River The problem arises from the fact that stituents with a tabulation of the an system is one of America's great undeveloped for tariff purposes there are classifica swers received to this year's question river systems. tions of bicycles according to weight naire. I am interested in seeing its development specifications with the duty on light In past years I have found this ques because I recognize that what helps one part of Alabama, helps the entire State. I can weight bicycles being less that for other tionnaire to be most helpful in reflect mustrate this by the fact that my own dis weights. The Treasury Department has ing public opinion of the many issues trict lies in the Warrior-Tombigbee system ruled that accessory items such as lug which come before Congress. In order basin. My district produces a considerable gage carriers, kickstands, tanks, and that my colleagues may have the bene amount of coal and has the capacity to pro other items of a similar nature shall not fit of this expression of public opinion, duce many times what it presently produces. be included in the computation of a bi I ask unanimous consent that my weekly When the Coosa-Alabama River system is cycle weight with the result that im newsletter be printed in the RECORD. made navigable, we will then see coal from ported bicycles which in fact are com the Seventh Congressional District of Ala There being no objection, the letter bama moving down the Warrior-Tombigbee parable to an American middleweight was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, River system to the point of its confluence bicycle are entering the United States as follows: with the Coosa-Alabama River system and with these accessories at the lower duty SENATE CLOAKROOM rate applicable to lightweight bicycles. moving thence up the Coosa-Alabama River (Newsletter of Senator J. GLENN BEALL, of system to feed the industry along its banks. These imported lightweight bicycles are Maryland) The Coosa-Alabama River Improvement designed and intended to compete WASHINGTON, D.C., June 12, 1961. Association, Inc., has made a study of the against American-made middleweight industrial potential of the Coosa-Alabama bicycles. This means that the U.S. DEAR FRIENDS: Questionnaire returns: A River basin and on the basts of the history total o:f 1,783 of our questionnaires were of similar river developments, it has found Government is denied duty revenue to filled out and sent back to us. The ques that approximately 65,000 new industrial which it is entitled and American bi tionnaire was sent to our regular mailing workers wm be employed in the basin within cycle producers including the workmen list of 6,500 citizens of Maryland. The list a few years after the complete development are denied the tariff protection to which includes doctors, lawyers, ministers, engi of the Coosa-Alabama River system. The they are entitled. ners, teachers, farmers, white-collar workers, U.S. Department of Commerce has found Mr. Speaker, the purPose of the bill clerks, carpenters, bricklayers, steelworkers, - that every 100 new industrial workers will laborers-people of every profession and result in an increase of 338 in community which I have sponsored, along with a. trade, of both political parties, in every part population. If we use these same figures, similar bill, H.R. 7345, sponsored by my of the State-on a fairly proportionate we can arrive at the following results of the distinguished committee colleague, the basis. I believe the returns furnish an ac development of the Coosa-Alabama River Honorable EUGENE J. KEOGH, of New curate cross section of how the people of basin: 186,000 new inhabitants; 40,000 new York, is to give _effect to the clearly in- Maryland feel on these subjects now in the 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 10111 public mfnd. .At a mat-fer of f'act, r believe thes-e results. In subsequent isstreS or t1're 'fa.bulation o'C the: l,'183 answers to e-ach of tha.t tt every adult_ 1n. the_ State" &hould bl! Senate Cfoaluoom we> will tty to anal'yze our ~S: questions; gtves U1r the tollow1ng polled, the results' would run. ~el'! close: to some of 11he more· significant returns. TIie result&: by pereeIItage ·
Percent
N.a: Yes NQ an.- s..wei: ------1------1. Would you :favor our going to war if necessary to prevent Soviet encroachment into the Western B:emfsphere'f______'Z9- , 11 2'. Would you favor our giving military aid to a..c.ompetent Cuban.cmmtenev:olntionary mQvement? ______10. 3. Shouldoui: Central Intelligence Agency be inv.estigated? ______75 l& 10 66 1!r f6 4. Assumingnam? ______the. Commurusts take over Laos and attempt to take ______over. Vietnam, would you favor using our troops to make a stand____ agafust______tliem______in Viet- _ 52 33 15 5. Would you favor our- going to war if necessary to prevent being forced out ofWest Berlin by the Russians? ______76 13 11 6. Shoud the-nllw African natfons form a block to vote· with..Russiaand against.us o.ncrucial questions in the United Nations, tlrus giving RUBSiir contror of U.N. actions, would you favor our withdrawing from the U .N.? ______39 52 9 7. Should. we continue to support the. Chinese.Nationalists? ______75 14 11 !r. Do you favor United States recognition of the- Red China regfrne?_ ------14 7A 12 9. Do you favor the seating in the United Nations either now or within tlie next-year or two of the Rea· Cbinu; Government? ______15 73 12 10. In view of the fact that fudia::.nem:ly alwaya votes. against. us. in the: United Nations and the further fact that India's Prime Minister Nehru joined Khrushchev in attacking us as aggressors in Cuba, should we: halt. our pi:ogram. Qf aid to India? ______4S: 42 10 11. Should our entire..foreign_-aicf program now be reevaluated?------90 3 7 12. Do you approve President Kennedy's-decision to "ride out" any-massive nudearattack before making a-counter punch? ______13. NATO 17 67 16 Would you favora1'ming with nuclear weapons? ______53 29 18 14. Do Y.
Sincerely yours; ;r. GLENN BEALL.
A Tear for tJie- Great American Dream freedom can. be sold for a few dollars son, und'er leave to extend' my remarks, under the guise:of something being given. I submit the followfug editorial "A Tear EXTENSION OF REMARKS Certainly, it' is our responsibility, we for tfie Great American Dream,•~ for OF the Members of" the- U.S. Congress, to perusal by my distinguished colleagues. give cmiy· to the people what is truly Jrest This, editorial app.eaITed on Monday, May HON. WALTER L. McVEY for them~ 22', 1961, in the Wilson County Citizen, Oli! KANSAS I am. opposed to the principle_ of Fed one of our finest semiweekly newspapers IN"T!IE! HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. eral aid to education and I. know from irr the: Midwest. The Wilson County my experience while ser.ving on the edu Citizen. is owned and published by two Monday~June12,1961 cation committee of the Kansas State dedic.ated Americans, Joseph S - and Rita Mr. McVEY. Mr. Speaker, "'Ta whom Senate, that Kansas has ample resources M Relph: something is gjven,. to him, then, some to pay the continuing costs of education, A. TEAR FOR ~ GRIDl.'r AMERICAN DREAM thing is required.'.,. Tfifa truism if- ap and I suspect that this: is; tru:e in many Loud are- the lamentations in Washington plied to Federal aid to education• . can of our States. It s:eems pathetic that so over. the losses of priceless liberties in Cuba and does mean only one thing. If Fed many of our people are being led by and. Laos, but has anyone a tear-one. tiny eral funds are: given t.o, education, then sophists to mis.takenly believe that more tear-to shed for the great American dream? not only our teaC'hers, but our who1e money, in ancf a! itself, finer buildings For. we- cannot. s.ee. a more d.eath-d.eallng American system of education is required and physical plants, will give us better blow that could. befalL ow: Nation. than. the to: submit· to F'ederaI controls. educ.ation than we ane now :receiving. bill for- Federal aid t0. education that. ls streakin-g through Congress at this moment. Would not the mere creation of' any This is a subtle. fallacy, for education like The: fee bl.a protesting amendments to the :financial system whereby oun school any governmental program,, should have bilL were brusquely tuxned a.side oy the Sen teachers ar,e told what they must or some element of realism in fts- financial a.~ The bill.. will onl1 p:i:ovide more pay :ror must: not teach be a form of tyranny? structure, looking to n'eed, rather than to teachers, more money for classrooms· the Tyranny, has only one: form, :regardless glamorous luxury. wis.e- ones tells.. ua there can be no Govern of i'ts beginnings, and the- evil of. it is Admittedly, there are di-fferent view ment_infi.uen.ce an. the. s.chools. or what. they teach.-it; ls a. laugh. When has there 'been simply that it is- tI"ranny: To me,. the po.i:nts, on. thi& subject~ however, I: think any pie that the_ Yederar thumb went into most important corrsicferation. in our that most of us a.re- int.er.ested in. the same that.. it clidn't cmne, up wftfi. arr the plums. public and private file must be. the pres ultimate- goal._ whieh i& thfr maintena.II£e Education.. is and alwal7s has been a re ervation of indi;vidual' liberty, and free ot a:n. exeellent- educational system.. fnr sponsiolli:ty of state and local. government. dom.,. Let us. not forget that sometimes the yautli of o.ur Nation. For thi.& i:.ea- E.ven.. I>e:ror.e. that., It is the responsibility of 10112 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 12 the parent. If parents are willing to turn authorized construction of the Millers Ferry make a study aimed at the establishment the education of their children over to the project over 16 years ago and when Con of a national fuels and energy resources Federal Government, if the city and the gress subsequently voted $249,000 for pre policy. I ask unanimous consent to have county and the State are willing to have the construction planning. This is in addition Federal Government handle their educa to the $200,000 granted last year. my statement before the committee tional funds and pay the price of redtape, It was so marked by President Eisenhower printed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. then we need not pretentiously beat the in his state of the Union address in 1955 There being no objection, the state drum for the freedom of the individual man in which he specifically labeled Coosa ment was ordered to be printed in the because we will not be free, the State will Alabama development as an example of RECORD, as follows: not be free, the teachers will not be free, Federal partnership with local and private the schools wlll not be free. And when our organizations for river development. The STATEMENT OF SENATOR ROBERT C. BYRD OF schools are no longer free-God help first dam in Alabama under this partner WEST VIRGINIA, ON SENATE RESOLUTION 105 America. ship arrangement has just been completed. Mr. Chairman, the conservation of our The recent closing of the gates at Weiss natural resources is, and has been for half Dam in Cherokee County by the Alabama a century, the p aramount domestic issue be Power Co., started the formation of a lake fore the American people-an issue plagued River Projects in Alabama which will cover 45 square miles in Alabama by sectionalism and by unconscionable mar and Georgia. keting practices by vested interests, but EXTENSION OF REMARKS The request this year is for $376,000 to never resolved on the critical criteria of na OF complete preconstruction planning on tional self-interest. I refer in particular to Millers Ferry lock and dam. It is a good our natural energy fuels. HON. FRANK W. BOYKIN -project. It is economically feasible. Ac Studies have been made in the past by cordingly, I urge the members of this sub special commissions, independent groups, and OF ALABAMA committee to approve this year's request. by representatives of the executive branch IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES M1llers Ferry lock and dam, as those all seeking a real and lasting solution to the Monday,June12,1961 of us here know, is 1 of a series of 13 problem of conserving our natural fuels. dams to be constructed along the Coosa Almost invariably, a n ational fuels policy has Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, under Alabama system. been recommended. leave to extend my remarks in the REC Along the Alabama River between Mont Unfortunately for the safety and security ORD, I include the following statement by gomery and Monroeville, two other proj and defensive strength of our Nation, all of Senator JOHN SPARKMAN before the Sub ects are also on the drawing boards. They these findings and recommendations have committee on Appropriations for Public are Jones Bluff and Claiborne locks and come to naught, because they lacked the dams. Jones Bluff is not budgeted this solidity of congressional consideration and Works: year. However, Claiborne, which had been action. STATEMENT OF SENATOR JOHN SPARKMAN in the active planning stage before June 30, In the face of no national conservation Mr. Chairman, I testify today in behalf 1952, is in the budget for $75,000. This policy, a kind of jungle warfare for markets of three projects designed to develop the is another project interrupted by the Korean has ensued-especially on the part of some Coosa-Alabama River system so that maxi conflict and subsequently left out because producers of such vital fuels as n atural gas mum use can be made of its potentialities. of budgetary considerations. Authorized in and oil. In this jungle warfare, these pro The three projects are Millers Ferry lock 1945, this project on completion is sched ducers have engaged in a reckless depletion and dam and Claiborne lock and dam, both uled to provide navigation and streamflow of these limited energy resources-and will on the Alabama River, and Carters Dam on regulation. With the multiple-purpose dams continue to do so to the ultimate peril of our the Coosawattee River, a tributary of the to be constructed at M1llers Ferry and Jones Nation, unless and until a national fuels Coosa-Alabama in northwest Georgia. Bluff, the Claiborne Dam would help pro policy is established. While I know that the Georgia delegation vide navigation through a 9-foot channel An example of this reckless depletion oc will do a fine job of championing this last-· p ast Montgomery to Wetumpka. curred earlier this year, when a large natural mentioned project, I do want to mention its Once these three dams are completed, I gas pipeline company offered a group of east significance to Alabama. As all of us in Ala do not believe we shall ever again see the ern utility companies 75 million cubic feet bama know, severe floOd damage occurred kind of flood damage suffered by the people per day of surplus gas on a firm basis from in the Coosa-Alabama system this year. It of Dallas and surrounding counties this February 1 to October 1 of this year, at a is anticipated that Carters Dam will be use spring. price approximately 25 percent less than that ful to help regulate the flow of water through The history of Coosa-Alabama River de for bituminous coal-the fuel which is now the Alabama-Coosa Waterway. The total of velopment has not been gratifying. How being consumed by these utilities. $300,000 which we are requesting today will ever, the outlook for the future is. The Mr. Chairman, how can one have a sur complete preconstruction planning of this Coosa has not been usable for shipping from plus of natural gas, when it can be kept in important project. Roma, Ga., to Childersburg, Ala., since 1920. the ground? Is not the use of natural gas With regard to Millers Ferry lock and The Alabama River has been navigable only for steam boiler purposes an uneconomic dam in my own State, I feel that I am testi in the lower 110 miles since 1930. It is and rash waste of this precious, highly ex fying in behalf of an old but much neglected gratifying to note that for the first time in pendable resource-a reckless depletion friend. This old friend was a victim of the 8 years all of our requests are already in which may cause us untold hardship in the Korean conflict. cluded in the President's budget. event of war? The unrestrained use of nat Because of this conflict, our Federal Gov With the outlook, thus, improving sub ural gas, if anything, points to the urgent ernment adopted a policy of not launching stantially, I believe it will not be too many need for the establishment of a national any new individual projects nonessential to years before water transport from Rome, Ga., fuels policy. the immediate needs of war. This principle to the Gulf of Mexico wm again be a part The need for a national fuels policy be was carried through into later years and con of Alabama's and Georgia's economy. comes most pressing when we review what tinued for budgetary reasons until last year. Toward that end, Mr. Chairman, I pledge has been happening to our most basic and Mr. Chairman, I never did agree that Mil my continued work and support. most enduring natural fuel--coal. Such a lers Ferry should be classified as a new start, review is both necessary and pertinent to an because the Federal Government began help intelligent consideration of Senate Resolu ing develop this system in 1876. tion 105. The President's Water Resources Policy Statement in Support of Senate The United States has about one-third of Commission in 1950 recognized the Coosa the world's known coal supply. An esti Alabama system as 1 of 10 great systems Resolution 105 mated 1,821 billion tons of various types of that would play an important part in Amer coal are buried beneath our Nation's soil. ica's future. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Thirty-three of our fifty States have mine The Water Resources Policy Commission able coal deposits--deposits which cover ap report deals extensively with the Coosa-Ala OF proximately 464,050 square miles, or 13 per bama basin's potential for contributing to cent of the total area of the United States. the Nation's economy. The report conclu HON. ROBERT C. BYRD During this Nation's existence, about 35 sively indicates that the basin's contribu OF WEST vmGINIA billion tons of coal have been mined. But tion to the national economy would be IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES for each ton mined during the past 2 cen greatly enhanced by comprehensive water turies, roughly 52 tons still remain in the way development. Monday, June 12, 1961 ground. This is equivalent to 10,000 tons Ten years have gone by since the Coosa Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. for every man, woman, and child in our Alabama system was thus recognized and President, this morning I had the privi country today-plainly enough to meet our little has been done, relatively speaking, to lege of appearing before the Senate Com national needs for many centuries to come. bring about full development of a river sys But today the coal industry is in serious tem marked as one of prime importance. mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs, difficulties, despite the fact that it is the It was so marked by the President's Water to testify in support of Senate Resolu very sinew of American civilization, the Resources Policy Commission in 1950. It tion 105, which calls for the establish prime factor in our high standard of living, was so marked by Congress when Congress ment of a special Senate committee to the key catalyst in the making of steel and 19"61 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE I0113 aluminum, the' generative' fuel b.ehind mast "One: of the most crtp.pling effects of the tions to you members of Seeman Bros., Inc., of this country"s present production of' over transportation shortage was- the decline, be upon your 75th anniversary. This represents 800 billion kilowatt houra ot electric. energy. low safe levels, of petroleum inventories on a splendid record of free enterprise, success Its difficulties are mainly due to c.utthro.a:t the east coast for the duration of the war. fully serving the American people. competition in such wasteful market pr.ae- Never, throughout th war, was it possible to Today, we as free p.eople are faced with tices as the "dumping" of_ valuable- natural rebuild stocks on the east coast to safe oper great· challenges-economic, military, polit gas for steam boiler use, and in excessive: ating levels, even after the transportation ical, social, ideological to our free system. imports of residual oil from abroad, priced bottleneck was broken, although strenuous Victory in the East-West struggle will be to sell along Atlantic coast ports at any efforts were made to do so. This shrinkage attained only- if we successfully mobilize all figure necessary to undersell domestic coal. of inventory was the major cause of one of our manpower and resources. Free enter I would point out to Senators that the the worst heada-ches of the war-the spot prise-which you represent-can, and must, 1960 imports of residual oil-230 million bar shortages which would result from failure play a fundamental and increasingly stronger rels--were the equivalent of approximately of a scheduled shipment to arrive when role in this. struggle: for survival. Again r: 55 m1llion tons of bituminous coal. How storage tanks were empty." s-tress: This is an allout battle-to be fought ever, about 75 percent of the imported oil Can the coal industry, in the event of war, with ideas; wor.ds, guns, food, and. all other is competitive with coal. Therefore, this come to the rescue of New England's energy tools that- can be utilized. competitive foreign residual fuel oil displaced needs? As of today, the answer would be As stewards of. a vital resource-food 41,250,000 tons of coal. And when this is problematical, indeed. To supply the energy you are making a uniquely imp.ortant con added to the several million tons of coal ·fuel that our Nation's defense production tribution to the health of our people and displaced by dumped natural gas, it should would require- in an emergency, the coal in the economy. To better serve our. national be evident that the total tonnage lost to coal dustry would need a basic operating lever interests, however, we· must utilize su.ch producers places the industry in a highly of at least 500 millon tons per year from foodstuffs. to a greater degree~ unreliable position for large-scale production which to take a running jump. This is 1. To provide good, adequate diets for the in the event of a national emergency. about 90 million tons more than we pro people of America. Coal mines cannot be mothballed. When duced in 1960. 2. For. feeding the hungry else.where in they are not in operation they plainly decay. But even if a war could call for tremen the world. They soon become flooded with water. The dous new contributions from the coal in 3. In addition to humanitarian purposes, roofs of tunnels fall in. The machinery dustry, it would have a similar impact on to utilize food as a strategic weapon in our deteriorates. Skilled coal miners seek em the natural gas industry and the oil in foreign policy. ployment opportunities elsewhere, and young dustry. All three must be kept vigorous and' Once a farmer, I know something:- of the workers are discouraged from entering the solvent if they are to fulfill their necessary f.ood industry at the grassroots. occupation.. or-mining. roles in powering America in peace or in Today, my home State of Wisconsin ranks It is interesting to note, in this connec war. This requires the kind of study, and high in the production of health-giving foods tion, that in 1951, the percentage of. miners the formulation of a national fuels policy, to feed America. This fine record includes. under 30 years of age was 18.6. In 19,57, it which I hope would result from enactment rankings of first in production of milk with had falle.n to 6.5 percent. This alarming of Senate Resolution 105. an output of about 18 billion pounds an trend emphasizes the importance of retain There, is no question in my mind but that nually, and in production of green peas and ing young workers in. the bituminous coal a national fuels policy would provide co sweet corn for processing; second in pro industry, in ord.er to assure an adequate sup ordinated and effective standards criteria, d.uction of beets, cranberries, and cabbage; ply of skilled and experienced work&s in the. and principles for a course of action designed third in production of lima and snap beans, event of. war_ to achieve the continued development of cucumbers for pickles, and cherries, as well Mr. Chairman, I do not speak of the possi energy supplies and fuel resources in the as many other high-quality health-giving bility of war in any casual manner. Crises United States, with the aim of strengthening foods. in world events are almost daily occurrences, the national defense, providing orderly in Looking now at the national picture, we and each holds within it the spark which dustrial growth, and assuring supplies for must-if we are to continue to provide an may touch off a world holocaust. Thus, we our expanding national economy and for adequate supply of good foods for the Amer must look at ou:c overall fuels situation in any type of future economy. ican people-attempt to· maintain a: sound the light of such a possible emergency. I urge this committee to report Senate healthy farm economy; provide an adequate Facing, up to such an eventuality, we must Resolution 105 for early consideration by the margin of profit for processors and distribu tors, and assure a good supply of health recognize that today's level of coal produc Senate, and I appreciate the opportunity tion, because of um:egulated competition to express my thoughts and convictions on giving, life-enriching foods for consumers at from exhaustible fuels, is insufficient to the purpose and intent of the. provisions of reasonable prices. guarantee_ that the industry could meet the this resolution. In a closely integrated economy, we rec demands it would face in case war shut off ognize that Government policies can have a substantial impact upon the economy. the import of oil and gas from abroad. R.ecently, !or example, the President made Take, for example, the demands which the some far-reaching recommendations to the coal industry ma-y suddenly- face in the New Seventy-fifth Anniversary of Seeman Congress that could have a dramatic impact, England.' area alone, in the event of: war. Bro_s., Inc. not only on farming but upon food pro New England. area. industries, in the past ducers, processors, and the consuming several years, have been converting from coaI public. to imported residual fuer oil-a fuel supply EXTENSION OF REMARKS The highlights of the Preside.nt's recom which is particularly vulnerable to interrup OF mendations included the establishment of a· tions by en-emy- action. This fact is attested National Farmers Advisory Committee Sys to by the history of World War II, as con tem. tained in 87-88 or· the Interior Department's HON. ALEXANDER WILEY OF WISCONSIN The committees would be established to History of the Petroleum Administration handle pmduction and marketing programs for War, 1941-45. Referring, to the sink IN THE SENATE 0F THE. UNITED ST.A'.TES for each commodity in which sup.ply adjust ing of' 50 tanker& along the east coast in Monday,J'une12,1961 ment. is required. The developed programa 1942, and the resulting fuel supply situation, involving, controls over production· and. mar the document has thia to say: Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, recently keting.. however, would not go into effect "Although the l'.>oats had to R:eep running I waS" privileged to attend the 75th an until approved by two-thirds of the pro to. supply milftary requirements, no, one niversary of Seeman Bros., Inc., in New ducers. could doubt the decline of tanker shipments York Cl:ty. On that occasion I was privi Personally, I have, long felt that (a) the for ctvili'an needa in the face of these 50 farmei:. should have a, stronger voice in pro sinktngs, From'. then on, until the last year leged to give an addr.ess re.:viewing world affairs grams afl'ecting his. economic future; (b) of the w'ilr, tanker delivel"ies were. an in that s.ollltinn to the supply-demand imbal significant factor in supplying the- oil needs I ask unanimous consent: that excerpts. ance of farm products can best be res.olved of the> east coast'. :from my address- be: printed in the CoN on a conunodity-by-commodity basis; and "Tanker deliveries- to the east coast reacted GREssroNAL RECORD. (c) that serf-help as a pclnciple.. should be qufckfy- to the- submarine- bf-0cR:ade. Ship There 'E>eing no objection, the excerpts: encouraged-reducing the load. on_Uncle Sam. ments started to dive in February 19421, and were ordered to be printed in the RE,C However, there are serious. questions to be by May they amounted to only 173,000 bar ORD, as. follows: res.ol'ved, ihciudfng.: rels" daily, or about 18 percent of the- Decem How much authority shoufd.he.gx:anted the ber 1941 total, The low; point' of the war ExcERPTS' OF ADDRESS PREPARED FOR DELIVERY! committees and the Secretar;y- of Agriculture was reached 1n. April and May- of 1943'.-63 ,000 BY'. HOll'. &DANDEB WILEY, RlilPUBLICAN, OP in controlling prod.trction.. marketrng,. and barrels a day. From May 1942 to the end of WISCONSIN; SENA~ F'OREIG~ RELATIONS prices of' rarm products? 1943, east coast tanker deliveries a-veraged CO.llllMPJ:l'Ell. .&T 'l1'HJC. 75TH: A:Nm'VERS.Aa.T OB · Uarr the f'"armerS' am:r their organlzations only a lit.tm more than 121,aoa, barrelS' daily. Smm,u.N '.BROS.,.. lztc., JUNB" 7, 19& untj.l now unable to .agree on a national "Even this sn:uur movement wa:s on an un Ladies and gentlemen, I welcome the- OJ)' farm policy-'-Cfevelop- accepta:ble- plan5 for certain, sporadic, undependanle basis. portun11iy to convey heartiest congratula- sepa:rat" commodlty'progra.ms? 10114 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 12 How complex will be such a multicom Ultimately, we must find realistic answers In summary, then, the situation is as modity program? .if there is ever to be stability and peace. follows: How much will it cost the farmer, proces 1. Policywise, the United States has rightly sor, distributor, and taxpayer, and what ef KENNEDY-KHRUSHCHEV SUMMIT refused to be drawn into barter for human fect will it have on consumers? To try to find ways to negotiate East-West life. Congress, of course, will have to examine differences, President Kennedy met with Mr. 2. Now, should nongovernmental efforts be these recommendations very carefully. Khrushchev. Fortunately, the world ex made to free prisoners of communism? In evaluating the farm program, there are pected no miracle working in Vienna-and This is a decision for the American people. certain things we don't want. These in no miracles emerged from the conference. clude: Realistically, the range of differences is so OTHER "TROUBLE SPOTS" We don't want a czar in agriculture-dic wide and varied that, even in the best of Now, let's look at some of the other "trou tating policies that could determine--or at climates, these could not be easily or quickly ble spots." least too drastically affect--the farmer; op ironed out. In Laos, the Reds-though professing a erating costs and margins of profit for proces By past experience, we h ave learned that desire for a cease-fire and negotiations for sors and distributors; prices of foods for con the Reds are willing to negotiate on points settlement of the difficulties-are continu sumers; and result in too great interference only when: ing military operations to attempt to extend with the operation of basic economic prin 1. They will benefit from advantages, pres their control over more territory-thus hold ciples in our free enterprise system. ent or future, to support the cause of com ing up the work of the 14-nation commis Currently, hearings are underway before munism; sion set up to seek peace in that nation. the Agriculture Committee in Congress. 2. Failure to negotiate would threaten to In the Congo, Mr. Khrushchev is still the The future of the President's recommenda start a large-scale war; No. 1 troublemaker. tions-frankly speaking-is seriously clouded, 3. World opinion is strong enough to have In Berlin, also, t here are recurring threats particularly by questions on how much au an impact even on the policies of the Krem of Red action to create tension which would thority enactment of the legislation would lin and of Peiping; or possibly result in war. leave in the hands of the Secretary of Ag 4. Negot iat ion offers an opportunity for Overall, the Reds cont inue to build bon riculture. propagandizing. fires around the globe which threaten- -if A major Job in achieving a relatively good However, the w1111ng ness of Mr. Kennedy allowed to spread- to lead to a global supply-demand balance includes the attain to m eet with the Kremlin leaders reflected conflagration. ment of better distribution and consumption once more U.S. willingness to go the "extra Now, what can we do about it? mile"-if it would contribute to peace. of our food supply. FIVE-P OI NT PROGRAM TO COMBAT COMMU N ISM Although you have established a remark I n negotiations, however , we must never able record, the health of the farmer, the forget that we are "shooting for" different The balance of power-and of world opin goals. We-and our friends around the ion-once "solidly" on the side of the West general economy, and the consumin g public ern nations, now is teetering precariously can benefit from a still broader, more crea world-want peace, and a globe on which each n at ion- by self-determinat ion-can de with the Reds increasing their influence and tive imaginative effort by you to develop power. ways to: more effectively utilize food; reduce t ermine its ultimate destiny. By contrast, the Reds wan t to conquer t he world and sub If we are to defeat the Communists' aim food cost s; and generally improve distribu of world conquest, then we need to adopt tion and consumption. jugat e all people an d nations to its totalitar ian system. a stronger, nonmilit ary offensive against the As in the past, I know you will do your Communists-as well as maintaining a best, not only to meet this obligation, but REVIEW OF HOT SPOTS IN THE WORLD strong military deterrent. to take advantage of the economic oppor Briefly, now, let's take a quick look at some Among other things, this, in my judg tunity provided by such a challenge. of t h e "hot spots" around the world. ment, should include: REVIEW OF WORLD AFFAffiS In Cuba, the Red-tinged Castro regime h as 1. Strengthening our information-spread Now, let's turn briefly to world affairs. become more firmly entrenched. ing program to beat--not be beaten by As we know, unfortunately, the rebellion the Communist propaganda machine. Is this a broad jump from the farm to international relations? Yes, but it reflects failed. Subsequently, the Cuban dictator 2. Adopt more effective machinery against two things: offered to trade prisoners for tractors. infiltrative penetrations-the fruits of which First, this is a shrunken world. People are Personally, I, like the vast m ajority of have been witnessed in Cuba and Laos. living closer together; interest s are more Americans, condemn Castro's inhuman , im 3. A sharper counteroffensive to penetrate moral attempts to trade material for human the Iron and Bamboo Curtains-not leave tightly intermeshed; and factors of national life. this as "untouchable territory" for the Reds. and international life affect all of us to an Officially, the United States-wisely, I be 4. Better tailored U.S. programs, such as ever-larger degree. lieve-has refused to be drawn into such a the Latin American plan, to meet special Secondly, you and I face the t ask of broad barter. I support that policy. needs in Asia, Africa and elsewhere in the ening our understanding and perspective to Now, the question arises: Should the citi world; and encompass more local, State, National, and zens of the United St ates-acting in a non 5. Finally, undertake a more dynamic ef international issues that may-and some governmental capacity-be permitted to at fort to present the efforts and objectives of times do-affect our welfare, opportunity tempt to set free 1,200 prisoners? U.S. policies to the people of the world. and security. What are the major factors involved? NEEDED: GREATER VOLUNTARY MOBILIZATION OF Around the globe, the Communists are 1. Castro's offer to barter human life for MANPOWER AND RESOURCES stirring up trouble, creating wars, sparking tractors of itself, ls immoral. On the other rebellions, attempting to overthrow existing hand, would the United States be immoral Unless we are willing to dedicate the ef governments, and engaging in a wide variety by failing to heed the freedom cry of the fort, manpower and resources to stopping of espionage, sabotage, subversion, and other prisoners-particularly when we have the the Communists now, the survival of our legal and illegal efforts to expand their in wherewithal to free them? Obviously, there way of life-indeed, of freedom itself-will fluence and control. Today, there are an will be human suffering, and possibly death, be in serious Jeopardy. estimated 36 million Reds operating in about if such action is not taken. Now, how can we-as patriotic Ameri 86 countries, attempting to further the aims 2. The impact of U.S. actions will have far cans-do more about this grave threat to of world conquest by the Reds. Because the reaching effects in world affairs. According our security and progress? Red conspiracy is so widespread, it is difficult to reports, nations are applauding, not con By the following ways: to predetermine when or where the next ex demning, the voluntary efforts of U.S. citi 1. We must discard the idea that Uncle plosion, sparked by Red action, will occur in zens. In addition, people of other countries :Sam, alone, can carry the fight against the world. in the Western Hemisphere are also volun the Reds. In spite of our difficult problems, however, tarily undertaking efforts to collect funds to Then, we must mobilize our resources we must not allow "curtains of gloom" to free the prisoners. Overall, Castro's attempts individually and collectively-to throw the descend over the Nation; rather, freedom, in to put human life on the block in exchange necessary brainpower, manpower, and re my judgment, will triumph-if we are will for equipment has boomeranged in countries sources into the battle against the Commu ing to make the necessary effort now to stop where Castroism was making some headway. nists. Historically, one of the great strengths Red aggression and promote the cause of 3. What would be the ultimate impact of America is the voluntary will to fight, sac peace and freedom. upon freedom-seeking people not only in rifice, and work to build a good life under a Can we develop ways to accommodate, or Cuba, but elsewhere, including behind the free flag, and to prntect our country from its at least negotiate, the great differences be Iron and Bamboo Curtains, if the United enemies. tween the East and West? Can we stop the States failed to accept the offer to free the 2. Our civic, veteran, social, cultural, and, Reds ...yithout war? prisoners of totalitarian communism? yes, religious and other organizations can Can we meet the great and growing de Would it stir confidence, or disillusion,? and should-reexamine the potential ways mands of the billions of have-not people in As yet, there is some question as to in which they might serve our national cause the world for more of the good things of whether or not the Cuban dictator-in view more effectively. life? of world reaction-would even go through 3. We need to more greatly utilize the These are gra.ve and serious questions that with such a deal. Nevertheless, people know-how · and technology of free enter need to be faced, and resolved, 1n our time. around the globe are ~atching carefully, prise-for selling the ideas and ideals of 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 10115· freedom. This includes more effective utili recent months. In the overall project of spent $100 billion on airports, roads, rivers zation of U.S. firms operating oversea as river development, we anticipate that there and harbors. Inland barges-whose freight "builtin" Voices of America. will ultimately be 15 dams on the Alabama steadily increases.:.__use waterways dredged 4. Labor, also-sharing a common bond Coosa River available for flood control regu and maintained by the Government, with workers around the globe-possesses a.n lation. This is a great consideration to our Trucks, despite fairly heavy excise, fuel and unparalleled opportunity to demonstrate whole region which coupled with the vast tire taxes, are major beneficiaries of the new how workers benefit under a free system; economic potential inherent in power devel $42 billion network of Federal-built high and how free collective bargaining can serve opment and navigation makes this whole ways. Their enormous highway boxcars also not only the worker but strengthen a nation, endeavor of primary concern to us ali. inflect the greatest wear on the highways, and serve the cause of freedom. but the truck lobby is doing its best to defeat 5. The creative minds-artists, writers, President Kennedy's proposal to raise the poets, musicians, dramatists-have a great diesel fuel tax and make them pay a fairer opportunity to portray the spirit of a free share of the maintenance. people in their dedicated relentless effort to Danger to the Railroads Unfair regulations: Railroad rates are reg create a better life for themselves and ulated by the Interstate Commerce Com humanity. EXTENSION OF REMARKS mission and may be altered only after 30 In addition to encouraging greater volun OF days' notice, often after lengthy hearings. tary effort by our people, I believe we must Truck and barge operators, on the other also examine national policies to provide HON. JAMES E. VAN ZANDT hand, may set any rates the traffic will bear and can change them at will. Largely be opportunity for the willing to more effec OF PENNSYLVANIA tively serve their country. cause of this contrast, the railroads today This, then, is a fight for all of us. As a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES carry only about 10 percent of U.S. hogs and people, we must pool our resources; rein Monday, June 12, 1961 cattle to ·market and have lost heavily in the vigorate our patriotic spirit; and weld to hauling of bulk items (grains, ores) as well gether our efforts and purposes in a common Mr. VAN ZANDT. Mr. Speaker, the as fruits and vegetables. cause: that of survival of ourselves, of our following editorial from the June 9, 1961, Poor management: Railroad management ideals, and of freedom. . issue of Life magazine entitled, "Danger is often inefficient, pursues archaic and un It is a time for greatness, for bravery, and to the Railroads," reveals unmistakable reliable methods (as in failing to pinpoint for alertness. to the costs of hauling passengers) , tries to get signs that a basic industry vital our rid of passengers instead of attracting them, national economy and security is in seri and is slow to seek innovations (like mono ous trouble: rails or the pr-0posed Levacar-a means of sliding wheelless trains on a film of air) River Projects in Alabama DANGER TO THE RAILROADS Our great transcontinental network of which might c:iffer 200-miles per hour surface 220,000 miles of railroads ls vital to every travel to compete with air transport. EXTENSION OF REMARKS thing that moves, to feed us, house us and Depreciation problems: Tax writeoffs for OF protect us. Yet Americans, who depend so railroad capital investment average 40 years, much on this system, have been doing what as compared to 5 years for aircraft invest HON. FRANK W. BOYKIN enemy saboteurs have never been able to do, ment and 8 for trucks. OF ALABAMA namely: cripple and threaten to destroy it. How can we save the railroads? The fundamental choice the Nation con THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By outdated laws and regulations, by dis IN criininatory taxes on railroads and by sub fronts is whether to let the profit incentive Monday, June 12, 1961 sidies to their competitors, we have been go back to work in the industry or conclude -crippling this vital network almost as effec that it can't work and put railroads under Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, under tively as if we were blowing up the tracks. Government subsidy or control. Life believes leave to extend my remarks in the Indeed some 8,440 miles of trackage has been that the first should be given a fair trial RECORD, I 'include the following state torn up or abandoned since World War !I's before the second is even considered. ment by Hon. ALBERT RAINS before the end and 20 railroads have discontinued all At present the profit incentive is stifled Subcommittee on Appropriations for passenger service. Here is some of the other because the railroads control neither their Public Works: damage the rails have suffered in the same costs (importantly because of featherbed period: ding) nor their prices (because of ICC reg STATEMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE ALBERT RAINS Their share of intercity freight has dropped ulations), nor do they have a monopoly to Mr. Chairman, I need not again detait the from 67 percent to 45 percent, and their offset these disadvantages. vast importance of river development to my share of intercity passenger traffic has The quickest way to put the profit incen State. You gentlemen were kind enough dropped from 66 percent to 25 percent. tive to work would be to take ICC control off last year to vote us $200,000 for continued Passenger service saddles the railroads with their price floors. The nature of railroad planning of the Millers Ferry multipurpose a net loss of nearly half a billion dollars a economics is such-per employee they can dam on the Alabama River which is vital to year and, not surprisingly, they often seek carry six times as much freight as trucks, full navigation on the Coosa-Alabama River to abandon it. Commuter service, though and per gallon of fuel, three times· as much; system. absolutely indispensable to growing metro also they can increase their total loads with The President's budget requests funds for politan areas, is one of the chief contributors out much increase in cost--that they could this project next year as well as planning and to that loss. quickly get back the traffic they can haul design money for two other projects which A number of railroads are in chronic defi profitably. Gradually, profits could then give are most important to our region. By June cit, and for the first two months of 1961 the them the margin they need for ( 1) modern of 1961 almost half a. million dollars will have entire industry was in the red-only partly izing and experimenting and (2) attracting already been spent by engineers in planning because of unprecedented blizzards. bolder, more aggressive brains to manage and development of Millers Ferry. Unless Some of the decline in railroad business ment. When such bold managers proved we can get the $375,000 as r~quested by the · reflects healthy growth elsewhere in the they could breathe new life into the industry budget, Millers Ferry cannot proceed on transportation industry. But the railroads and increase its volume, unions might find schedule and we will not get the full value have been hit harder than the economic more jobs being created and feel less need of what has already been spent in its plan facts justify. The reasons: - for featherbedding. ning. I strongly urge that the committee Taxes: The railroads, biggest industrial Passenger service, particularly commuting, approve the funds as requested in the 1962 real estate owners in the country, pay $441 is going to become vitally important as traf budget. mlllton a· year in State and local taxes. Be fic jams and inadequate parking make other As you gentlemen know, the Claiborne cause they are big and easy targets, they_are forms of transport increasingly unrealistic. lock and dam is also an integral part of the often assessed much higher than other prop To save this service, States and cities are Coosa-Alabama program. The budget asks erty. When they make improvements to going to have to reduce some of the tax for $75,000 to resume planning there and I benefit the public, they often get kicked burdens the railroads carry. It may .be nec honestly believe this is a modest request. with a tax raise as a reward-as in Toledo essary, eventually, for the U.S. Governme~t The third request ls for $300,000 to com where New York Central built a fine new to develop (as it has done for air transports) plete planning of the Carters Flood ·and terminal only to have its taxes raised from the prototype models of swifter, or revolu Power Dam, Coosawattee River, in Georgia. $8,848 to $48,799. By contrast, the Toledo tionary, equipment. The dam is located on one of the headwater airport was built with municipal funds and Above all, we need a truly national policy streams and a tributary of the Oostanaula pays no taxes whatever. for all transport--one which would encour River, all being tributary of the Coosa-Ala Subsidies: Railroads get no Federal subsi age integration of diversified forms-air, bama system·. Your approval of the budget dies. They maintain their own rlght-of highway, waterway1 and rail. It would allow request for this project would give it con way and traffic controls, whereas planes use mergers where they make sense. We could struction status and be a major step toward Federal airways and public airports. While get more of the freight "boxcars" off the the full river development program. railroads spent $16 billion of their own highways, where they inconvenience and im Now, my friends, many of you will recall money since the war to improve their equip peril the public, onto railroad "piggybacks" the extensive flood damage to Alabama in ment and methods, the Federal Government which can haul them most places cheaper. 10116 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 12 It would repeal rules based on long-gone nomic regulation which water carriers In directing attention to these bills, days, when the railroads were a monopoly. enjoy in transporting bulk commodities. Mr. Speaker, I do no.t suggest nor do I The United States, which.has helped West ern Europe and many developing nations In the area of allegedly discriminatory necessarily believe that each one con build modern railroad systems, virtually taxation, railroads say they need legisla stitutes the best possible solution to the alone among industrial nations is neglect tive relief of the type provided in H.R, problems involved. But I do suggest ing its own. Unless our exploding popula 2887, H.R. 2905, H.R. 3748, H.R. 3870, and that the problems exist and that they tion ls going to choke itself to death, we can s. 658. The objective of these bills is to cry out for attention by this Congress. no longer afford this neglect. encourage more equitable taxation of And I further suggest that failure by Mr. Speaker, I believe, with the editors railroad right-of-way. This wou~d be Congress to come to grips with these of Life, that the conditions which have accomplished by providing that tax re problems now would constitute gross led railroads to their present precarious lief granted by State and local govern dereliction of duty and abdication of situation are not of an economic nature ments may not be siphoned off by the responsibility, to the detriment of our nor are they curable by anything the Federal Government through the income vital transportation industry and of the railroads can or should be expected to tax-a possibility often cited in the past great American public, whose interests do to help themselves. For these condi as the reason for the reluctance of State we are sworn to uphold. tions persist despite the great modern and local governments to enact effective ization and improvement program which tax relief measures. railroads have carried on since World Railroads also seek enactment of H.R. War II at a total cost half again as high 7421, to bar States and communities from River Project in Alabama as their postwar earnings. assessing railroad property at a propor . The editors of Life believe, as I do, tion of full. value substantially higher EXTENSION OF REMARKS that railroad difficulties are rooted than the proportion for all other prop OF mainly in outmoded transportation poli erty subject to the same tax levy. cies and laws which place upon railroads They-and all other for-hire passen HON. FRANK W. BOYKIN massive competitive handicaps virtually ger carriers as well-continue to call for OF ALABAMA guaranteeing unsatisfactory operating repeal of the 10-percent Federal excise IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tax on the fares of commercial carriers, results and a perpetually and chron Monday, June 12, 1961 ically ill railroad system. as provided for in S. 1330, S. 1505, H.R. 142 and 18 other House bills. Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, under For this view, there is persuasive In the area of taxation, also, are pro leave to extend my remarks in the REC support. It is found not only in the rec posals for stimulating capital investment ORD, I include the following statement by ord of mounting Government expendi to modernize railroad plant and equip Hon. KENNETH A. ROBERTS before the tures to promote other transport modes, ment. H.R. 6666 would allow railroads Subcommittee on Appropriations for but also in the conclusions and recom Public Works: mendations of almost every objective to place funds in a construction re study of national transportation policy serve, and to deduct these amounts STATEMENT OF KENNETH A. ROBERTS and there have been many-made since from taxable income if spent within 5 I sincerely appreciate the courtesy of this years on the improvements for which esteemed committee in once again permit 1940. they were set aside. H.R. 231, H.R. 3179, ting this delegation to appear before you Railroad witnesses have appeared be and S. 1370 are further intended to stim today. As you can readily see by this large fore congressional and other govern ulate improvement and modernization representation we have here and as we have mental bodies many times to pinpoint had 1n previous years when we appeared by shortening the depreciable lives of before you, the people of our great State those areas in which transportation railroad plant and equipment, thus policies and laws are unsound and un of Alabama are sincerely and deeply inter speeding up the recovery and reinvest ested in the development of the Alabama just and have recommended specific ment of capital funds. Coosa River. changes, which in their view, are neces In calling for freedom from subsidized Mr. Chairman, through the efforts of this sary to overcome the financial anemia competition, railroads point not only to committee, some $200,000 was appropriated that now afflicts all our essential com the millions of dollars paid by the Gov last year for the continuation of planning mon carriers and restore them to health. and design of the Millers Ferry lock and ernment each year in subsidy to com dam. These funds were appropriated by In general these recommendations are mercial airlines, but also to the provi compatible with those of most objective the committee even though the administra sion of highways, airways and airports, tion had not made a budget request for the authorities and studies. and improved inland waterways by the project and, while at the same time, indicat To the railroad industry, these recom Government for the use of railroad com ing that this was the type of project, a part mendations constitute a magna carta petitors. Some of these facilities, they nership project, that the administration fa for transportation. Their objective is to note, are furnished entirely without vored. secure for railroads and all other forms This was due to the no-new-start policy charge to the commercial users; others of the past administration. of transportation four fundamental free without adequate charges. doms, long denied to railroads but en As a result of the appropriation last year H.R. 586, H.R. 2963, and S. 78 call for by this committee, the past administration joyed by other forms of competitive free the collection of fair and reasonable recommended that $375,000 be appropriated enterprise in the United States: freedom charges for bargeline use of inland in fiscal year 1962 to continue planning and from destructive regulation, freedom waterway navigation improvements con design of the Millers Ferry lock and dam. from discriminatory taxation, freedom structed, maintained, or operated with The present administration, in its review from subsidized competition, and free Federal funds and would create an In of the budget recommendations, also rec dom to provide a diversified transporta land Navigation Commission to do this. ommended the $375,000. In addition, the tion service. present administration also recommended While supporting these bills, railroads $75,000 for the resumption of planning and Bills to implement this magna carta would prefer the establishment of a Na design of the Claiborne lock and dam which for transportation have been introduced tional User Charge Commission charged ts on the Alabama River below the Mlllers and are now awaiting the attention of with responsibility for formulating and Ferry lock and dam. In this connection I appropriate committees. The principal collecting adequate fees for the private might mention that the Engineers have rec ones are as follows, in the area of regu commercial use of all public transporta ommended that these two dams be com lation: tion facilities. pleted at the same time. H.R. 1823 seeks repeal of the present I do not wish to take up the time of this Completing the list of bills to imple committee in reviewing the history of the exemption from Government economic ment the railroads' magna carta for development of this great river system. The regulation which trucks, but not rail transportation program are H.R. 7286, committee has had this information before roads, enjoy when they move agricul H.R. 7287, and H.R. 7288. These bills it many times, and I feel the members of the tural commodities declared to be exempt. would remove barriers to transport di committee are well acquainted with the pres H.R. 1824 would extend the exemption versification and permit instead the es ent and proposed development of it. There to transportation by railroad as well as tablishment of transportation com fore, I shall respectfully request that this by truck. committee favorably consider these two re panies capable of providing service by quests of $375,000 for the continuation of H.R. 5595 and s. 1284 seek repeal of any mode or any combination of modes planning and design of the Mlllers Ferry the exemption from Government eco- best suited to shipper need$. lock and dam, and $75,000 for the resump- 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 10117 tion of planning and design of the Claiborne and work shirts; brassieres; trousers and too are holding a substantial inventory. lock and dam, both of which are budgeted items. walk shorts; tee shirts; fabric gloves. This static situation can be carried out Members of the Georgia delegation will Taking these 6 categories alone, in for U.S. producers of pajamas, woven request of you some $300,000 to complete the past 3 years imports have risen from undershirts, and so forth. the planning of the Coosawattee River above 8 million dozens to 14 million dozens. The comparison between dollar im Rome, Ga. This is one of the tributaries When other low-wage countries begin ports and domestic dollar production is feeding into the Coosa River system and its exporting garments to this country in often stressed, but imports are figured development is an integral and necessary even larger quantities, these figures could on a custom valuation and not on U.S. part of the overall development plan. This increase at a geometrical rate. But, as item is also budgeted, and I urge its ap wholesale prices. The essential meas proval. suming an arithmetical increase, then it urement is units-not dollars or pounds. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for your cour follows that by 1965, an additional 10 For example, in 1960, the export of tesy in permitting us to appear before you million dozens will be imported, so that shirts to all countries totaled $6¾ mil today. the figure then would be about 25 mil lion and the imports from all countries lion dozens. totaled $14¼ million. The exports rep I submit that the peculiar and vuner resent about 200,000 dozens. The im Imports: And the Apparel Industry able nature of the textile and textile ports represent about 2 million dozens products industry calls for certain safe and this example holds through all the EXTENSION OF REMARKS guards, not necessarily required by other categories. rt is not the percentage of OF industries. Those in the apparel field the total dollar market that is important are as interested in the basic textile in here, it is the disruption of the domestic HON. WILLIAM C. CRAMER dustry as in themselves. In this con market. OF FLORIDA nection, I would like to point out that Taking the 6 categories together, in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the garments being imported contain the 1958 the number of imported units equivalent of twice as many yards of Monday, June 12, 1961 jumped from approximately 99½ mil piece goods as are being imported in lion to 144 million in 1959 and to 177 ½ Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, I wish to the form of piece goods. It is obvious, million units in 1960. On an average of present for the RECORD the following therefore, that . every dozen garments 250 employees per factory, this would statement in behalf of the several ap that is lost by the domestic manufac account for the output of 76 factories in parel factories in my district which are turer to an importer also represents a 1958, 110 factories in 1959, and 127 fac hard hit by competitive imports from the big loss to the domestic textile supplier. tories in 1960. In one small area, namely, Hong Kong, Orient. I believe this increasingly se On the basis of 50 weeks a year, the rious situation merits full consideration foreign producers have stepped into the direct man-labor-hours lost have jumped by the Congress, with a view toward garment industry and walked away with legislative relief for the American ap a giant amount of the U.S. market. from 28 ½ million in 1958 to 50¾ million parel industry and I commend this state Even J apan is complaining about Hong in 1960. ment to my colleagues for their further Kong exports to the United States. One possible equitable remedy as un information and consideration. These imports have caused substantial derscored by the extensive hearings of The apparel industry is small business, disemployment and threaten to cause the Senate subcommittee headed by Sen roughly 31,000 different plants, only 30 more in the next few years. ator PASTORE of Rhode Island, is country of which have more than 1,000 employees. The standard wage rate in the Orient by-country, category-by-category quotas. The average is 250 employees to a fac is 14 to 29 cents an hour but "learners" This seems fair to American produc tory. Total employment is 1,225,000- in the garment industry are employed ers, foreign manufacturers who gear the fourth largest in the Nation. For at 10 cents an hour and there is no limit production to the U.S. market, and to the most part, these factories are in to the "learning" period. the emerging nations which are certain small communities and, in most cases, In one branch of the industry, ladies' to enter the textile and textile products are the major sources of employment in undergarments, imports are now at al fields with the U.S. market their primary the communities. For the last 3 years, most 30 percent of the market. These outlet. Some relief is needed. imports have run between 10 and 12 per imports completely dominate the low cent of the market and unemployment, end market-that is, retail at $1 and as a percentage of the labor force, is under-and this phase of the American also about 10 percent. business is practically extinct. The ex River Projects in Alabama Unlike many segments of our econ porters are trading up in quality and omy, the garment producers are almost price lines and they will soon -have the EXTENSION OF REMARKS entirely affected by one area of compe same effect on the better grades that OF tition-the low-wage countries in the Far they have had on the low-end market. HON. FRANK W. BOYKIN East. This is particularly true of embroidered Apparel manufacturing is also unique and lace trimmed garments. A more se OF ALABAMA from many other industries. Labor rep rious dislocation is foreseen in 1961 than IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES resents a large percentage-about 35 per in 1959 and 1960. Monday, June 12, 1961 Let me give you an example. An cent-of the total product cost. The Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, under nature of the industry is one that frus American-made undergarment produced in one of ow· most efficient · plants, leave to extend my remarks in the trates attempts at automation and RECORD, I include the following state mechanization, which might alter total with only a moderate profit, retails for ment by Hon. GEORGE HUDDLESTON, JR., labor cost. For this reason, the indus $2. Hong Kong has copied this garment, fabric, thread and all components. The before the Subcommittee on Appropria try is more vulnerable than many oth tions for Public Works: ers to competition from low-wage areas. factory makes roughly the same profit Sewing machines can be made to run as the American firm. After paying STATEMENT BY CONGRESSMAN GEORGE faster perhaps, but the speed of the ma transportation, duty, a profit for the HUDDLE.STON, JR. chine is controlled by the speed of the wholesaler, and a profit for the retailer, Over 20 years ago the Alabama-Coosa Rivers' basin was designated the Nation's worker. Backs and fronts have to be put this same garment retails at 3 for $1. No. 1 economic problem area. together; sleeves have to be inserted; In shirts, both dress and sports, from Today, the region's resources are still matching of stripes and plaids must be 1956 through 1959, production in both relatively undeveloped compared to their done by hand. When our industry suf categories· remained stabl~. but imports great potentials. Floods do considerable fers from imports, it is not machines showed a substantial rise. In 1960, pro damage. Unemployment is high, particu that are idle, it is people, and the im duction was up because the year started larly in the smaller towns, and many farm pact of imports on these people is tough. off with a bang. Even as late as May ers have had to move away. Those farmers who remain find few jobs to supplement The six major categories itemized by and June of 1960, production was far in their small farm incomes. the Bureau of the Census of the U.S. excess of sales: As a result, a heavy in Sixteen years ago Congress raised high Department of Commerce are blouses, ventory is being carried into 1961 and hopes in the hearts of the people of the blouse and skirt sets, and blouse and the poorer general business reflects a area when it authorized, on March 2, 1945, short sets; men's and boys' sport, dress, slight decline in imports, but importers several Corps of Engineers' projects for flood 10118 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE June 12 control, electric power production, and other row lower and more stable transportation in the Congress. CLIFF DAVIS and his lovely purposes, and to dredge the rivers to a nav-:' rates for bulk materials, provide job oppor wife Carrie certainly make a great team in igable 9-feet depth. These projects would tunities, and supplemental incomes for farm Washington. stimulate commercial water traffic·, attract families. The dam w1ll not only help pro new industries, provide Jobs and develop re vide power and flood control; lt wm also II. SERVICE ON VETERANS' COMMITTEE AND sources. create abundant recreational areas along the APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE The posslblllty of navigation on the Ala rivers by flooding the low marshlands. The As has been indicated, it has been my bama River encouraged several industries to reservoirs would provide water for irrigation. honor and privilege to have served for a locate there, including a large chemical plant I believe that quick action on these proj period of 6 years as a member of the great which purchased 850 acres of land in the ects ls vitally important to the Alabama Committee on Veterans' Affairs of the House, area. A magnesium company and other Coosa River basin and to the United States. prior to my election and assignment to the firms hope to build plants in the basin. Consequently, I once again urge that you Committee on Appropriations. I know it Early in 1954 the Alabama Power Co. ex approve: (1) $375,000 to complete the ad was with some feeling of reluctance when I pressed a desire to build several dams and vanced planning and design of Millers Ferry transferred by assignment to the Committee develop electric power on the Coosa River. navigation and hydroelectric power dam, on Appropriations. But, the present chair The company received a license from the Alabama River, at mile 140; (2) $75,000 to man of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs Federal Power Commission on September 4, resume planning of Claiborne navigation and I had a little talk and visit and we 1957, contracting that all its dams be com dam, Alabama River, at mile 80; (3) $300,000 recognized and concluded that although our pleted in 10 years after commencement of to complete planning and design of Carters committee had passed many bllls and was the first dam. Construction has begun by flood and hydroelectric power dam, Coosa• capable of passing many measures for the that company on Weiss Dam on the Coosa wattee River, Ga. benefit of our veterans, that some times River, and groundbreaking ceremonies were these were not eff~Ictive unless adequate held on April 26, 1958. appropriations were provided to implement Last year this committee approved the ap the bills passed. propriation of $200,000 for the Corps of So, in transferring to the Committee on Engineers for advance planning on the Mil Address by Hon. Joe L. Evins, of Tennes Appropriations I do not feel that I have in lers Ferry lock and dam near Camden, ln see, to the Veterans of Foreign Wars any respect left or diminished the opportu Wilcox County, 142 miles above Mobile, Ala. nity to serve the veterans of Tennessee and I strongly urge your prompt approval of Convention, Held in Memphis, Tenn. our Nation; but rather as a member of the (1) $375,000 to complete the advanced plan subcommittee that handles annual appro ning and design of Millers Ferry navigation EXTENSION OF REMARKS priations for the Veterans' Administration, I and hydroelectric power dam, Alabama River, have had increasing opportunities for wider at mile 140; (2) $75,000 to resume planning OF service to all of our veterans. of Claiborne navigation dam, Alabama River, HON. CLIFFORD DAVIS During these years 1t has been my pleasure at mile 80; (3) $300,000 to complete planning to have known personally the five Admin and design of Carters flood and hydroelectric OF TENNESSEE istrators of the Veterans' Administration: power dam, Coornwattee River, Ga. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES General Bradley, who becam.e Adminis trator immediately following World War II; Millers Ferry lock and dam ls a multiple Monday, June 12, 1961 purpose project approved in 1945 to provide General Gray; Mr. H. G. Higley; Mr. Sumner flood control, navigation, and electric power Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, G. Whittier; and now the new Administrator capacity of 76,000 kilowatts. Jones Bluff lock recently my valued colleague, JOE L. John S. Gleason, Jr., who ls a distinguished and dam, 247 miles above Mobile, is a multi veteran himself and a former national com EVINS, of Tennessee, delivered a very pro mander of the American Legion. ple-purpose project planned to have 68,000 found address to the Veterans of For kilowatts of electric power capacity. Those eign Wars Convention, in the city of Ill, COMMEND VFW ORGANIZATION two dams will have an average annual elec May I say to you that there ls no organi tric energy output of 729,000 kilowatt-hours. Memphis, Tenn. It was so thoroughly done and re zation whose representatives appear before Claiborne lock and dam was authorized for committees of the Congress, including the construction 83 miles above Mobile to pro vealed such study and thought that I Appropriations Committee-that ls more re vide flood control, navigation and other bene have asked permission to include the spected than the Veterans of Foreign Wars fits. address in the RECORD. a truly great national and international or Good congressional planning requires a The address follows: ganization composed of patriots and men quick start on development of the Corps of REMARKS BY THE HONORABLE JOE L. EVINS, who have fought in the service of our country Engineers projects so that improvements on and defended the principles of America and both the Alabama and Coosa Rivers may be OF TENNESSEE AT THE VFW CONVENTION, MEMPHIS, JUNE 3, 1961 our homeland-whose Tennessee member completed together, in about 10 years. ship of 23,000 composes a great force, ad Early development of the Alabama-Coosa I. INTRODUCTION vocating legislation and programs of benefit ·River system is vitally important to the fam Commander Mahler, distinguished guests, to our veterans and our country. ilies of at least 1,500,000 people in that basin members of the Veterans of Foreign Wars, And, may I pay a very high tribute to your including numerous industries and associa my fellow veterans, ladies and gentlemen and own national legislative representative tions of whom all seem to favor the projects. friends- Omar Ketchum-who ls one of the finest, The basin covers about 23,800 square Certainly I am pleased and delighted to most able, articulate and effective legislative miles or about one-third the area of Ala be privileged to attend this convention. representatives of any veterans organization. bama and several counties in Georgia. That Thank you for the opportunity to be in Our comrade Omar Ketchum is alert to region ls one of the least accessible areas Tennessee in June. every opportunity to advocate legislation and in the United States to the enemy in time When my neighbor and friend and our appropriations for the benefit of our vet- of war and its development is valuable to our · able, genial commander, Lynn Mahler, came . erans and the defense of our country. defense and to inter-American and other to Washington early this year in connection foreign trade. with your VFW legislative conference and IV. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS The region's potential contributions to na invited me to speak with you at this con The new session of the Congress has been, tional and local development are great. In vention-I hastened to accept. and continues, an exceedingly busy one, with 1950 the President's Water Resources Policy I welcome the opportunity always to be much accomplished and much yet to be Commission termed the Alabama-Coosa Riv in Tennessee-and am pleased to be included achieved. ers as potentially one of the 10 greatest riv on your program for this the 33d Convention I want to mention this Nation's achieve er systems in the United States. of the Veterans of Foreign Wars, Department ment in putting a man into space. Astro The area has numerous minerals, some of Tennessee. . naut Shepard's vaulting into space has of which are only partially developed but The companionship of old friends and . demonstrated America's capabilities and has most of them occur in quantity and could be fellow veterans ls always stimulating and given new meaning to America's capability valuable commercially if the rivers were nav enjoyable-and I am pleased to greet all and determination that we, as a nation, shall igable and power available. Some of the of you veterans from VFW posts across the go forward and remain first in defense among many minerals include asbestos, barite, baux Volunteer State. Our genial friend Earl all nations. ite, clay, coal, dolomite, fuller's earth, glass, Gentry has been our most able escort and In a very personal way, I have had a most graphite, gravel, lignite, limestone, manga aid. May I also commend all the lovely rewarding experience in recent weeks ln our nese, mica, oil, selma chalk, slate and tin. ladles of the VFW auxmary. successful drive to raise funds to serve a fel The Corps of Engineers has reported a This convention provides an_ important low veteran and fellow Tennessean, Sgt. Alvin favorable benefit-cost ratio of one-tenth to forum for the discussion of important mat C. York, the greatest hero of World War I. 1 for the Alabama-Coosa River projects, · ters that are of concern to all of us-to our At the outset of the Congress-on the which means they will ultimately more than veterans and our Nation. opening day-I introduced a blll to provide pay their way. These projects will provide I would not want to come to Memphis for a waiver of Sergeant York's longtime t ax electric power, and encourage expansion of and Shelby County without paying tribute indebtedness totaling $172,000 including in present industries and the development of to my esteemed and genial colleague, CLIFP terest. This is a matter in which the Vet new projects and industries. They will al· DAVIS, who represents this district so ably erans of Foreign Wars and all our veterans 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 10119 . ~rganizations have been imtn:ensely in S~rgeant York says he wonders how he While we have this great veterans' bene terested. for the past sev~ral years as Se:i:gean~ can adequately express his thanks to the fit program -and are justly proud of it, our York became disabled. and bedfast and · the thousands who have contributed to the fund P!Ograms are not perfect--inequities exist interest on his tax 11ab111ty- continued to: to alleviate his tax indebtedness to the Gov and must be adjusted and further benefits increase. · ernment. provided. Being unable to secure a favorable report · As a byproduct of our committee's work, VI, TWO OF THE MAJOR BU.LS OF HIGH PRIORITY more recently an additional trust fund has on our bill to grant a waiver of his tax Two of the major bills pending in the liability-because of the reason of a prece been established by private sources from Mr. S. H. du Pont of Wilmington, Del., Congress at the present time are bills to in dent which might be set, applicable to tax crease the disab111ty compensation rates of cases of all veterans-a committee was which certainly insures that Tennessee's great hero will be adequately taken care of disabled veterans. H.R. 879 is a bill intro formed with Speaker Sam Rayburn as chair duced by Chairman TEAGUE at the request man; Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy; for the remainder of his life. These gifts and contributions, my comrades, came from of the Veterans' Administration Adminis Mr. Silliman Evans, Jr., publisher of the trator, Mr. Gleason, in response to Presi Nashv111e Tennessean; and the late film ac the heart of the American people as a whole-and show the affection which our dent Kennedy's message to the Congress on tor, Gary Cooper, who played the role of veterans' legislation. Here in brief is Pres Sergeant York in the movie; and myself as people hold for all of our American sol diers and patriots. ident Kennedy's recommendation: treasurer, to solicit contributions in a na "DEAR MR. SPEAKER: In my recent message tional fund raising campaign to pay off More than 10,000 contributions were re on budget and fiscal policy I recommended Sergeant York's tax indebtedness. The re ceived in our Washington office and extra that the Congress enact selective increases sponse of Sergeant York's friends and ad help had to be employed to open the letters in compensation rates for veterans with mirers throughout the Nation has been most and count the contributions. service-connected disab111ties to offset rises heartening-a warming experience. One envelope from Missouri contained a in the costs of living since the last increase To Tennesseans and to Sergeant York's $50 b111 but carried no communication or in 1957 and to adjust rates in categories fellow veterans this drive was a high priority identification of the sender yet the gift which are out of line. The American people matter. Speaker SAM RAYBURN, a distin spoke volumes. have traditionally insisted that those veter guished native Tennessean started the cam So did an envelope containing $1 and a ans who were injured in the service of their paign with a personal check for $1,000. note just signed "An Old Woman" and say Nation be treated justly and humanely-a He and another famous Tennessean, Cordell ing "I am 81 and don't have very much so policy which will be carried out by this ad Hull, my predecessor in the Congress, and excuse the small amount." In the same ministration. then a colleague of Mr. RAYBURN in the vein was a note from a small boy age 9 from "The Administrator of Veterans' Affairs House, were in the welcoming delegation that I111nois who said he helped his brother on has prepared and submitted to me a draft greeted Sergeant York on his return from a p .. per route. His letter, addressed to Ser of legislation which implements the rec Europe as America's greatest hero of World geant York, said "I hope this 25 cents wlll ommendation in my message. I believe this War I-a result of his single-handedly kill help you." approach which gives greater increases to ing 25 of the enemy and capturing 132 more The large and small gifts all expressed one those veterans with the more severe inju in a raid on a German machinegun nest urgent wish-to help a great soldier and a ries is fair and reasonable. I am, therefore, in France's Bealleau Wood. great hero. transmitting the Administrator's letter of The letters and contributions that poured The heartwarming and national demon justification and the accompanying draft into our office reached a total of more than stration of esteem and affection for Ser bill. I strongly recommend early enactment $49,000, practically double the amount re geant York certainly today makes our world of this legislation by the Congress. quested and needed. From that fund $25,000 look brighter. This campaign has been a "Sincerely, has been paid to the Internal Revenue Serv means of making a great many people tb.ink "JOHN F. KENNEDY," ice whose officials suggested that a compro of all the soldiers and veterans who have I shall not supply all the details but· mise and settlement of this tax claim, long served our country and stirs in us the mem generally speaking this bill would provide in dispute, could be made for this amount. ories of the great service our veterans have approximately a 10-percent increase in com rendered this country. The Sergeant York pensation benefits to every American veteran Among the contributors was the VFW na campaign has been helping to advance the tional comander, Ted C. Connell, who flew to who received a disab111ty check from the Washington to present a check from your cause of all of our veterans. Veterans' Administration today. These com organization for $1,000 to the Help Sergeant V. AMERICA HAS GREATEST VETERANS PROGRAM pensation benefits, ranging from veterans York Committee. OF ANY NATION with a 10-percent disab111ty to a 100-percent Similar gifts · were made by other vet In Congress simultaneous efforts have been disability would represent a total increase erans organizations, including $2,000 from going forward during this session to cost of $88 million. · American Legion posts in Tennessee. strengthen and extend legislative programs The other measure receiving high priority A contribution of $500 came from the for our veterans. attention in the Congress is an appropriation veterans of World War I. America prides itself in having the great of $75 million to continue expansion, devel Other large generous gifts were made by est legislative program of benefits for vet opment, and modernization of the hospital Attorney General Kennedy; Secretary of the erans of any nation in the world. These in construction and modernization program. Treasury Dillon; former WAC commander clude great programs of hospitalization, It is vital that we go forward with the and former Secretary of Health, Education, medical care, compensation and pension, re veterans' hospital construction program, and Welfare, Oveta Culp Hobby; Col. Abe habilitation and training, veterans educa repla.cing temporary, wartime barrack-type Plough, a prominent businessman of Mem tion benefits, programs of housing, financial facilities with modern and up-to-date and phis; publishers William Randolph Hearst assistance, direct loans, veterans insurance well equipped facilities. and Philip Graham of New York and Wash and extensive benefit programs for widows Our Committee on Appropriations ap ington, among many others. and dependents of veterans who have served proved the initial request for this improve in the defense of our country. ment several years ago and we have been Television stars Dave Garraway and Ed moving forward with an annual appropria Sullivan made appeals to the public in be The annual appropriations for all pro grams for the Veterans' Administration for ~ion of $50 million to $75 million each year half of the York fund and drive which were ror the past several years for this moderni significant contributions. the current year total almost $5 billion. The appropriation request for all benefit pro zation construction program. Dollars, quarters, dimes, and even pennies We in Tennessee are proud of the four came from thousands of people all over the grams for the Veterans' Administration for 1962-which our committee has recently veterans' hospitals in our State-at Memphis, country. examined and held hearings in the Con ~ashville, Murfreesboro, and at Mountain The remainder of the contributions have gress, and which is scheduled for action next Home in east Tennessee. been placed in a trust fund by the com week in the House, calls for an appropria The new $17.5 million veterans' hospital mittee for the benefit of Sergeant York and tion of approximately $5.5 billion-a sub in Nashville is presently under construction. his family, and moneys from this fund are stantial increase over the current year. The cornerstone laying and dedication of this now being passed on to Sergeant York as These figures are large, but they include building is scheduled for the latter part of needed. funds for maintaining and operating 173 this month. This fine new modern facility Sergeant York is now age 73 and remains hospitals throughout the Nation and the _is designed to serve all the hospital and med confined to his bed at his farm home near Philippines, with a total bed capacity of ical needs of our veterans in middle Tennes Pall Mall in Fentress County. He has been 120,528 beds and an average daily patient see, southern Kentucky, and north Alabama. fighting his battle from an invalid's bed as load of 115,000. The new bill carries a total '.l'he appropriations for this new fac111ty rep he fought courageously in the trenches in of $3 billion for compensation and pension. resents a goal and a great effort on the part France in World War I. The rehabilitation and education pro of the veterans of our State and veteran I recently talked long distance with Ser grams have been declining because more organizations in Tennessee. geant York and told him of the love and than 5 million veterans have received some A replacement for Memphis ls a project affection of all America for him-told him type of education and training, and the which merits approval. The· Congress has how the Nation was grateful and how they Veterans' Administration tells us that the already approved expansion of facllities at remembered his deeds of heroism: that he need for rehabilitation certainly is not as Murfreesboro and improvements are sched,. has many friends .and all ·wish him a long great today as the period immediately fol uled for the Mountain Home facility in and happy life. lowing the war. Johnson City. CVII--641 10120 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE- June 12
Our Veterans• Administration hospitals VIII. THE WORLD SITUATION X. CONCLUSION-PERORATION now represent an investment of $2 billion. Our veterans and certainly the organiza Our country's traditional concepts of free We have developed a magnificent medical tion of the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the dom, liberty, and democracy which dates care program which is a source of national United States have a constantly widening back to 1776 are continuing and are being re strength and pride. The demands of this purpose and scope as you concern yourself affirmed today. system will grow as our veterans advance with the duties and responsibilities of pa Nations and governments that believe in in age. triotic citizens. The recent developments in these concepts of liberty and freedom today We must see to it that adequate beds for Cuba, the Congo, the Middle East and are working together in the cause of the pro out-patient treatment are provided for aged throughout the world necessitates our vet motion of world peace. and needy veterans. The program, in this erans remaining alert--to stand guard as Throughout the course of our Nation's area, as planned takes into account increas citizen soldiers ready to defend our country, history veterans of Tennessee have served in ing needs of veterans for both hospital and as needed, in the future as in the past. all wars and struggles for the cause of liberty out-patient care, including care for the aged Our organization is a large one and the and freedom. and chronically ill veterans. VFW provides a tremendous media for indi From the Revolutionary War, where val other measures being considered in the vidual and group achievement. The reach orous and heroic deeds gave birth to the Congress will affect the veterans' housing of the members of the VFW is not only com Nation, to the War of 1812, under Andrew and direct home loan program, the adjust munitywide and statewide but indeed na Jackson; with Gen. Sam Houston in Texas ment of pension rates, including the cost tionwide and worldwide. and Davy Crockett at the Alamo; and with of living increase for disabled veterans. The Veterans of Foreign Wars is an or Col. Nathaniel Bedford Forrest; Adm. David VII. BILLS PASSED AND PENDING ganization with a membership now number Glasgow Farragut, directing his men-of-war; ing 1,250,000-in Tennessee alone more than with Sergeant York. marching his captives Some 16 new bills, all affecting veterans, 23,000-the VFW is truly a great force of out of no man's land; and with the vet have already passed the House during this strength, stability, and world order. erans of World War II Tennesseans have al session of the Congress and these 16 meas The incidents of each day make it clear ways made great contributions to preserving ures are presently pending in the Senate. that the global endurance which we call the our liberty and freedom. These include : cold war in which we are engaged with the There are now living in our country about 1. A bill to provide additional compensa Communist powers is a test-of our continued 5 million World War I veterans, 15 million tion for veterans having service-incurred national spirit and patriotism-perhaps the World War II veterans, and 5 million Korean disability of deafness of both ears. sternest test we as a nation have experienced. war veterans. These men-25 million-con 2. Vocational rehabilitation for veterans We find ourselves in a situation in which stitute a mighty force, linked by the bond who incurred disabilities in service after responsibilities constantly grow and ex of common sacrifice, "tempered in war, dis World War II and after the Korean conflict. pand and where the task of preserving our ciplined by hard and bitter peace, proud of - 3. A bill to provide a modified plan of national sovereignty grows evermore com our ancient heritage, and unwilling to wit life insurance coverage for holders of Na plex. ness or permit the slow undoing of those tional Service Life Insurance policies. Ideas for world government and other human rights to which this Nation has been 4. To provide for an increase in the salary forms of supergovernment fill the air. committed, and to which we are committed of managers, and directors of VA hospitals. America will fulfill her role of leadership today at home and around the world." 5. A bill relating to the effective date of in helping to build world order and peace. The latter phrase is a quotation from a statutory awards. However, every lesson of history tells us that speech by a World War II veteran and for 6. Provides increased compensation for we will not accomplish our destiny by dilut mer PT boat commander, John F. Kennedy, service-connected disabled veterans for cer ing our Americanism or by -compromising our who now occupies the White House as Presi tain anatomical losses. n ational sovereignty. - dent of the United States. He expressed 7. To permit the combination of two or these sentiments of America·'s most battle more periods of service to meet 90-day serv IX. MILITARY STRENGTH PLUS SOMETHING tested veterans at his inauguration as the ice requirement for pension. MORE 35th President of our country. 8. To provide outpatient medical and We. are building and must maintain the Although the President did not direct his dental care for certain war veterans. strongest Army, Navy, and Air Force in the words particularly -to former servicemen, I 9. A bill to extend the guaranteed and world. We are working to modernize the feel that his stirring message of American direct home loan programs. Army and assure adequate up-to-date purpose ·did· have a special -meeting for all 10. A bill to provide compensation in equipment of all types-we are improving of our war veterans. That particular mean creases for dependent parents and children. our strong two ocean Navy, which already ing is that America's veterans of our age are 11. To provide for a study of the prob has missile capabilities-and we are main truly our citizen sentries of today and as lems of veterans who are elderly, chronically taining the strongest Air Force with the members of America's patriot corps our vet ill, and otherwise handicapped. greatest destruction potential ever as erans will join hands, close ranks, march 12. A bill to provide for loans to veterans sembled. forward, and continue to contribute, to pre when housing credit is not otherwise avail While we need strength and stability, serving, to promoting, to perpetuating our able. something more is needed and that is a cherished American liberties and freedoms. 13. To provide an increase of from $10 moral rearmament for our Nation-moral to $100 a month to Congressional Medal of rebirth. Honor holders. The moral rearmament movement is in 14. A judicial review-bill which requires deed making a significant contribution River Projects in Alabama the Board of Veterans' Appeals to render in toward the promotion of understanding writing their decision both as to law and and world peace. Tolerance and attitudes the fact in cases. of goodwill for others may be even more EXTENSION OF REMARKS One of the unfortunate situations pre effective than foreign aid and appropria OF vailing in the Congress is the lack of a sep tions. arate Veterans' Affairs Committee in the So long as we think our Nation of indi HON. FRANK W. BOYKIN Senate. As you know, veterans affairs leg viduals fearlessly determined to protect all OF ALABAMA that we hold dear-then our American way islation in the Senate is referred to a Sub IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES committee on Finance of the Senate Finance of life will prosper. Committee. But, if individualism is ever replaced or Monday,June12,1961 The Veterans of Foreign Waris long has neglected or discarded for individual pas advocated the creation of a separate Com siveness, then we will have lost one of our Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, under mittee on Veterans' Affairs for the Senate most cherished possessions. "I cannot do leave to extend my remarks in the REC and certainly the number of veterans today everything, but still I can do something," ORD, I include the following statement and the extent of budgetary requirements wrote Edward Everett Hale. by Hon. LISTER HILL before the Subcom fully justifies the establishment of a sep If we neglect this great heritage of free mittee on Appropriations for Public arate committee to consider veterans affairs dom-so dearly purchased-we shall fail to Works: legislating in the Senate. meet the true challenge of our time. The number of civilian employees of the I have confidence that we will not. STATEMENT BY HON. LISTER HILL Veterans' Administration alone is larger At this time of emergence of new nations, Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the sub than any one department of the executive the maturing of other nations, learning to committee, as a fellow member of this sub branch of the Government, with the excep live together without empires or colonial committee, I am again this year delighted tion of the Department of Defense and the possessions, the United States together with to join with a delegation of my friends from Post Office Department. the United Nations has an increasing role Alabama in a request for funds with which The Veterans' Administration has 170,000 and responsibility of providing leadership to continue planning the following impor employees ln lts various hospitals and and promoting stability and peace. Our tant Coosa-Alabama River system develop branch offices throughout the Nation and tasks are particularly difficult because of the ment projects: the VA carries a master index card with onrush and spread of communism, but Amer 1. Request for $375,000 to complete the more than 30 mlllion veterans• names ica. will merge and America will win because advanced planning and design of Millers listed-living and dead. our goals are just and freedom will prevall. Ferry navigation and hydroelectric power 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 10121 dam, scheduled for construction on the vidlng the navigable channel to Montgom that my income from stock dividends or capi Alabama River near Camden in Wilcox ery. Its general plan of improvement pro tal gains should be any less subject to taxes County, Ala.; '\'ides for a navigation lock, a gated spillway, than the income I earn from work or from 2. Request for $75,000 to continue plan and a mound and earth dike extending to ownership of a house. ning of the <,laiborne navigation dam to be high ground on the left bank. The persistent use of the phrase "double constructed on the Alabama River near For the Carters development a site has taxation" to give the impression that there Monroevllle in Monroe County, Ala.; and · been selected on the Coosawattee River in is something constitutionally or morally 3. Request for $300,000 to complete plan Murray County, Ga. Tentative plans call wrong in taxing st.ockholders' income as ning and design of Carters flood and hydro for a rock-fill type dam, a side channel splll well as corporate income seems to me at electric power dam to be built on the Coosa way, and provision for a powerplant with best a form of self-deception, if not inten wattee River, one of the headwater rivers of two 38,000-kilowatt units. The proposed tional deception of others. Like millions of the Coosa-Alabama system. Carters Dam would provide much needed other buyers of stock, I'm sure, what the First, however, may I say that few men flood protection along the lower Coosawattee corporation pays the Government in taxes have ever shown greater devotion, greater and Oostanaula Rivers. is of no more concern to me than what it determination and greater energy in the The Army Corps of Engineers has sur pays for coal or for salaries to its officers face of prolonged discouragement than the veyed and resurveyed each of the projects these are simply the necessary costs of oper businessmen, the industrialists, and the mentioned and has upheld the economic ation under the protection and advantages individuals who have come before the Con feasibility of each. A considerable amount provided by the U.S. Government. Our gress year after year to seek what they know of money has already been invested by the concern in buying stock is simply what is needed and what the Senate has demon Federal Government in planning for these earnings does the company make after all strated as its own will concerning develop projects. We are simply asking for the costs are subtracted and what income will I ment of the Coosa-Alabama River system. funds with which to continue the planning. receive from that. Why then should not I, Since the Coosa-Alabama Improvement Mr. Chairman, I respectfully urge your as a private citizen, be taxed for this addi Association was first organized in 1890, the support and that of my other colleagues on tional income no less than if I worked over men of this organization have been out this subcommittee for my efforts and those time to earn an equal addition? standing Alabamians and Georgians work of the dedicated men of the Coosa-Alabama Consequently, I have regarded the 4-per ing to help their States to realize and to River Development Association to obtain the cent dividend tax credit and the $50 exclu benefit to the highest possible degree from funds with which to continue planning on sion as an undeserved bonus which for some the God-given resource that ls this great these important Coosa-Alabama River proj reason my Government chose to give me waterway system. ects. and while I will be sorry to see it no more, I was born and raised and began my edu I should be ashamed to whisper any com cation and I still make my Alabama home plaint. It is true that I am not a large at Montgomery, in the heart of this great A Stockholder Urges Repeal of the stockholder; if I were I should be that much Coosa-Alabama Basin. I too well under more ashamed. stand and share the enthusiasm and the Dividend Tax Credit The imposition of withholding on divi determination of the Coosa-Alabama Im dend and interest income is a matter which provement Association to develop and fully EXTENSION OF REMARKS concerns me little either way. As a general policy, withholding ls obviously sensible utilize our splendid resources for the benefit OF of our State and for the strength of our and advantageous to those of us who find entire Nation. HON. ROBERT W. KASTENMEIER it difficult to hold back from expenditures The Coosa-Alabama River system comes t.o sufficient to pay later. It may be however life in the Blue Ridge Mountains of south OF WISCONSIN that it might work hardships on certain east Tennessee and northwest Georgia and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES kinds of persons and institutions who would flows southwesterly through nearly the full Monday, June 12, 1961 have to wait for refunds. And if it can be length of Alabama. A benevolent nature shown that the cost of administration, has endowed this vast region with more than Mr. KASTENMEIER. Mr. Speaker, totaled from that of all the corporations its share of natural wealth. The Coosa recently one of my constituents, Mr. and the Government, would exceed the in Alabama basin has fertile soil and rich min Richard Hartshorne, who in his own crease collected, it would obviously be fool eral deposits throughout most of its 23,000 words "purchased some shares in vari ish to require it. But this is a question for square miles. The land is nourished by a ous corporations," dutifully complied study by experts and judgment by the Con mild climate and constantly revived and gress; opinions from even 15 million stock renewed by abundant rainfall. with their admonition to communicate holders would have the value of 15 million There are within the Coosa-Alabama basin to his Congressman his views regarding times approximately zero. a million and a half people who provide a the proposed repeal of the dividend tax I am sending copies of this letter to those labor pool amounting to one-third of the credit. His viewpoint was so edifying who wrote me urging that I send you my available labor supply within our State. and inspiring that I feel constrained to views. This pool is today overflowing with small share his refreshing statement with my Sincerely yours, farmers and landowners who either have colleagues and I include his letter here RICHARD HARTSHORNE. been driven from their farms by the cost JUNE 5, 1961. price squeeze of recent years or who, while in full together with my reply. stlll clinging to their farms and to their The letter follows: Mr. RICHARD HARTSHORNE, land, are forced to look to urban communi UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN, Department of Geography, ties for supplementary income. DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY, University of Wisconsin, These people and these natural resources Madison, May 26, 1961. Madison, Wis. await only the opportunity that similar Hon. ROBERT KASTENMEIER, DEAR MR. HARTSHORNE: Your letter of May people in similar river basins throughout House Office Building, 26, was both unique and refreshing. You our Nation already have been granted. I Washington, D.C. are obviously among what appears to be a think I can say without fear of successful DEAR MR. KASTENMEIER: I have been urged minority of stoC'kholders who put the Na contradiction that wherever the doors of as a shareholder in more than one corpora tion's interest above personal income in full waterway development have been tion to communicate to you my views con terests. Although I am sure that there are opened to the people, we witness tremen cerning the triple blow to me and 15 million many other stockholders who share your dous leaps forward in the economy and in other shareowners which is involved in the view, they are unfortunately the ones who the progress and prosperity of that region President's proposals in his tax message. My are too infrequently heard from. and its people. views are the following: In addition to the unique point of view The reservoir to be formed by the pro I have purchased shares in various corpo which you have expressed, which so clearly posed Millers Ferry lock and dam will ex rations solely for the purpose of increasing places broad questions of Federal revenue tend 105 miles up the Alabama River to my current and future income. I also needs for vital purposes above all else, it Jones Bluff. It will constitute a vital link understand that such investment by myself might also be pointed out that the present in the canalization of the Alabama River, and others works to the economic advantage 4-pe~ent tax credit is most inequitably dis which following planned development will of the country, and this gives me a certain tributed as between large and wealthy provide a 9-foot-deep navigable channel pleasure, but nonetheless my purpose--and shareholders who receive the lion's share of from Mobile to Montgomery. The planned I presume that of practically all other in the millions of dividends distributed as con 76,000-kilowatt powerplant installation at vest.ors-is to add to my income. Obviously trasted to the small shareholder who receives Miller's Ferry wlll provide 394 m1llion kilo therefore I am sorry to see any change that very little from this tax dispensation. In watt-hours annually in an area where there would lower that increase but no more so deed, statistics reveal that about 10 percent is an ever-increasing demand for power. than I regret any lessening in real income of income from dividends accrues to those Moreover, the reservoir will be accessible to that results from any other form of taxa with incomes below $5,000; whereas 80 per a large part ,of the population of central tion. National security requires enormous cent of dividend income goes to that 6.5 Alabama for recreational use. ·expenditures, and increase in the general percent of the taxpayers whose incomes ex 'The Claiborne lock and ·dam would be ,welfare of the country also requires expendi ceed $10,000 a year. Any tax credit there the lowermost of a series of three proposed tures to aid education, health, etc., and so fore based on this dispersion of dividend in locks and dams on the Alabama River pro-, I expect my taxes to increase. I cannot see come is clearly regressive. 10122 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 12 .As to the desirability of .withhold_ing the_ poses was authorized. by the. 79th Congress will extend 60 miles to Millers Ferry and have fax on dividend income at the source, it will 1n 1945. The initial plan of development an area at normal pool 'of 5,700 acres and a involve some administrative problems and consists of three dams to be constructed on total volume of 94,000 acre-feet. The latest dividend recipients will be required. to wait the Alabama River. The schedule estab estimated cost is $1~,7t4,000. for. tax refunds; bu.t no more so than in the lished by the Corps of Engineers is as fol case of many wage and salary earners, whose CARTERS FLOOD AND POWER DAM, COOSAWATTEE lows: RIVER, GA. income is withheld. It is estimated that 1. To complete advanced planning and de about $3 billion in interest and divide~d in sign of the Millers Ferry multiple-purpose The 86th Congress for fiscal year 1961 ap come goes unreported every year. Whether dam at mile 139 and to initiate construction propriated $75,000 for preliminary planning this is inadvertant or intentional evasion is in fiscal year 1963. of this dam. The 1962 budget contains an difficult to determine, but it seems to me 2. To resume planning of the Claiborne item of $300,000 that will be sufficient to that if we impose a direct deduction on wage lock and dam, at mile 80, and to initiate complete the planning and design of Carters and salary income, then to be equitable, we construction in time to complete construc flood and hydropower dam. should deduct at the source the tax on in tion simultaneously with that of Millers The construction of the dam would afford terest and dividends. Ferry. widespread benefits including flood control; Because of its considerable inspirational hydroelectric power, flow regulation, and 3. To resume planning and design of the recreation and other purposes. The greatest as well as educational value, I would very Jones Bluff multiple-purpose dam,. at mile much like to have your permission to in benefit to be derived will be the control of 243, prior to completion of construction of excessive flood conditions that plague the sert your letter in the CONGRESSIONAL REC the two dams named above in order that ORD. length of the Oostanaula River for a dis construction begin on this third dam im tance of 75 miles and the urban center of Sincerely yours, mediately. Rome, Ga. ROBERT W . KASTEN MEIER, A total of $641,000 was appropriated by the Member of Congress. The dam is located on one of the head Congress prior to June 30, 1952, for par water streams and a tributary of the Oosta liamentary planning of the three dams. naula River, all being tributary to the MILLERS FERRY MULTIPLE-PURPOSE DAM, Alabama-Coosa River system. · The latest estimated Federal cost is $38 River Projects in Alabama ALABAMA RIVER In 1960 the 86th Congress appropriated million. additional funds in the amount of $200,000 We request that the committee approve EXTENSION OF REMARKS to resume planning of the Millers Ferry Dam the budget item of $300,000 to place this d am in a construction status. 011' following an unusual delay of 8 long years. Prior to June 30, 1952, the sum of $249,000 Gentlemen of the committee, I would re HON. FRANK W. BOYKIN was expended by the engineers to accom mind you of the -importance of the complete plish preliminary planning of this d am and development of the Alabama-Coosa River OF ALABAMA system to the States of Alabama and north IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the funds available this year that permitted the resumption of planning make a total western Georgia and the entire southeastern Monday,June12,1961 of $449,000 that will have been utilized by area. We have the second largest and long June 30, 1961, or during the current year. est river in the Southeast, flowing from the Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, under The budget item that we ask that you ap mountains of southeastern Tennessee and leave . to extend my remarks in the prove for 1962 will complete the planning and northern Georgia, a distance of more than RECORD, I include the following state place the dam in a construction status for 650 river miles. The commercially tributary fiscal year 1963. area comprises 26,000 square miles while the ment which I made before the Subcom tributary drainage basin is in excess of 22,000 mittee on Appropriations for Public The Millers Ferry Dam will be in Wilcox square miles. Within a radius of 5 miles Works: County 139 miles about the mouth of the of the Alabama-Coosa River there are more river. It will have a normal pool at eleva than 3 million people, while the commer STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE FRANK W. BOY tion 80. The project consists of an earth KIN, OF ALABAMA cially tributary basin itself has 60 percent overflow dike 3,000 feet long from high of this population. The large cities of Mr. Chairman and members of the com ground to the switchyard mound and power mittee, a majority of the Alabama congres Birmingham, Atlanta, Chattanooga, and house in the right bank; a spillway 712 feet Mobile are adjacent to the river basin and sional delegation, representatives of the long with 15 double leaf vertical lift gates 40 State of Alabama led by our Governor, the will reap the benefits by the development feet long across the main channel and into of this great river system. Honorable John Patterson, the president and the left bank; a lock and mound at the left members of the Coosa-Alabama River Im The Coosa section of the river many years end of the spillway; and an earth overflow ago (1914-29) was developed by private in provement Association, and others appeared dike 2,400 feet long extending to high ground before you in April 1960 to request an ap terests for a portion of its hydroelectric on the left bank. The lock will be 84 feet power potential by the construction of three propriation in the amount of $200,000 to re wide and have a clear length of 600 feet. sume advance planning and design of the dams on the Coosa and three dams on the The maximum lift will be 50 feet, the mini Tallapoosa, the latter a tributary of the Ala Millers Ferry multiple-purpose dam, Ala mum depth over the sills 13 feet. The bama River. This committee was sympa bama River. A current program authorized powerhouse will have 4 units of 19,000 kilo by Congress in 1954 permitted the licensing thetic to our request and approved the appro watts each, or a total of 76,000 kilowatts. in 1957 of the same private interest to con priation which subsequently was approved The reservoir will extend 105 miles to the struct four additional dams to develop addi by the Congress, and for this we express our Jones Bluff Dam, will have an area at normal tional power potential. Under the condi appreciation. The Corps of Engineers re pool of 22,000 acres, and a volume of 370,000 tions of the license, the four dams are to sumed the planning of Millers Ferry Dam acre-feet. The latest estimated cost of the be completed by 1968, and provisions made and will exhaust the amount appropriated project is $52,262,000. for the installation of locks at a later date. by the end of the current fiscal year. CLAIBORNE LOCK AND DAM, ALABAMA RIVER Two of these dams are to provide 650,000 We appear before you again today to re acre-feet allocated to flood control with an spectfully request the approval of three The sum of $175,000 was appropriated by additional 250,000 acre-feet of storage at items contained in the 1962 fiscal budget Congress prior to June 30, 1952 for prelimi other dams during the winter and spring to expedite the development of the Alabama nary planning of the Claiborne navigation months during the normal flood period. Coosa River system, one of the great water dam, and this amount was utilized by the The construction of the four new dams for ways within our Nation remaining only Engineers for this purpose. The 1962 budget generation of hydropower will virtually partially developed, and that for the genera contains an item of $75,000 to resume plan double the generating capacity of the present tion of hydropower and limited flood con ning of the dam, and we respectfully ask that six existing power dams, and when the two trol. The three items contained in the you approve the amount so that the develop multiple purpose dams in the initial plan budget are: ment of the Alabama River may be accom of development of the Alabama River are 1. Three hundred and seventy-five thou plished without further delay. constructed, they will greatly increase the sand dollars to complete planning and de The dam will be in Monroe County 80 miles volume of electric power that is now needed sign of Millers Ferry navigation and ~wer above the mouth of the Alabama River. It by a large area in the southeastern section of dam, Alabama River. will have a normal pool at elevation 35 and the Nation. 2. Seventy-five thousand dollars to resume a minimum pool at elevation 30. The latest Alabama and Georgia in February and planning of Claiborne lock and dam, Ala plan consists of a spillway 568 feet long with March this year experienced the second bama River. 12 double-leaf vertical lift gates 40 feet long largest flood of record, the Alabama-Coosa 3. Three hundred thousand dollars to com that extend across the main channel and River and tributaries wrought millions of plete planning and design of Carters flood into the right bank, a lock along the left dollars of damage during this period. The and power dam, Coosawattee River, Ga. bank, and a mound and earth dike 935 feet entire length of the basin was flooded, and (headwater stream). long extending to high ground on the left the estimated damage will exceed $15 mil The comprehensive plan of the ultimate bank. The lock · wm be 84 feet wide and lion. There- were 5,188 families evacuated and initial development of the Alabama have a clear length of 600 feet. The maxi from rural and urban centers, there were Coosa River system for navigation, hydro mum lift will be 30 feet and the minimum 2,461 structures damaged with 25 of these electric power, flood control, and other pur- depth over the sills 13 feet. The reservoir completely destroyed, in excess of 4,000 head 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 10123 of livestock were drowned, public property the big spending and voting for all the taxes Strange makeup of the Citizens Tractor consisting of highways, streets, bridges, utili to cover the bills run up by the go-gooders, Committee. Articles of incorporation for ties, etc., were damaged more than $6 mlllion. has not and will not raise enough money to the Citizens Tractor Committee reveal that Construction of the three dams on the satisfy the spenders. the officers are not those publicly named, Alabama. River, the completion of the four So we have failed to balance the budget Mrs. Roosevelt, Milton Eisenhower, and Wal dams on the Coosa. River now underway, and by continuing and increasing taxation on ter Reuther, but instead, Victor Reuther, the completion of the flood control dam on individuals and business. Now an ominous older brother of Walter, Joseph L. Rauh, Jr., the Coosawattee will add eight new dams on and dangerous situation has developed one-time president of the Americans for the Alabama-Coosa River. These eight dams where we are now threatening the very life Democratic Action, and a John Silard. and the six privately owned dams together of the "goose that lays the golden egg." The with the Allatoona flood and power dam at stifling, strangling, oppressive tax burden Cartersville, Ga., which was completed by has reduced our industrial and individual the Corps of Engineers in 1950, will ulti success and ability to pay taxes beyond River Projects In Alabama mately mean that 15 dams wm be available the point of diminishing returns. Two for flood control regulation of the river. things have happened: (1) Burdensome tax Certainly by the proper coordination of the ation {absorbed or passed on) has reduced EXTENSION OF REMARKS operation of the 15 reservoirs, the ravaging business enterprise, limited output, reduced OF floods of the Alabama-Coosa and tributaries jobs, reduced goods production, slowed rate can be controlled to a great degree, and of growth and hindered our raising the HON. FRANK W. BOYKIN much of the damage eliminated that has standard of living; (2) reduced the profit been experienced over the year in this river margin from which taxes can be paid, as well OF ALABAMA basin. as forcing many. firms out of business. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I would remind you that a surplus of la Those who would increase taxes to whatever Monday, June 12, 1961 bor exists in the southeastern area, the de limit is needed to produce revenue to match velopment of the river would permit the em radical Federal spending forget there is a Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, under ployment of the people as the river basin is limit. The best example is the bankrupt leave to extend my remarks in the REC not in a competitive position with other business or individual who can pay no tax. ORD, I wish to point out that this week we areas only because the development of this The converse position to this continued had one of the greatest delegations from great river system has not been accomplished tax (to terminate these taxes), would on Alabama here in Washington to testify as rapidly as it should have been. The eco the contrary raise Federal revenue. The nomic potential is too great to further formula is simple, the logic unanswerable. before the Subcommittee on Appropria neglect its complete development. Reduced taxes means more money to reinvest tions for Public Works. They were here I respectfully request that this committee in business expansion and more profit, each as supporters of the budgeted items for approve the three items contained in the feeding the other; both will result in greater the continuation of planning and de 1962 budget in order to expedite the develop total revenue to the Government, despite sign of the Millers Ferry lock and dam ment of one of the greatest river systems in a lower rate of tax level. on the Alabama River; the continuation the Nation. So it was, as a step in the right direction (although I voted against extending the of planning and design of the Claiborne entire package), that I introduced the mo Dam, also on the Alabama River; and for tion to recommit the bill to the Ways and the completion of planning and design Means Committee to eliminate the 10-per of the Carter flood and hydroelectric Washington Report cent tax on travel. This would benefit every power dam on the Coosawattee River, person using transportation, lowering its Ga. cost 10 percent. It would help the people, it These projects when developed will EXTENSION OF REMARKS would help the transportation industry, bus, OF rail, and airplane. provide the richest basin in the South It just doesn't make sense to retain war east as it will provide for navigation HON. BRUCE ALGER time taxes, imposed partially to hinder and from Rome, Ga., diagonally across the OF TEXAS thus limit people in buying and repairing State of Alabama to the Gulf of Mexico. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cars, telephoning, and traveling. But Con This great group of men have been gress refused to take this step by voting to Monday,June12,1961 coming here year after year in support of extend the tax 295 to 8fl. My effort to elimi these projects and I would like to list Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, under leave nate the transportation taxes failed by only their names for the RECORD. I also wish to extend my remarks in the RECORD, I 7 votes, 196 to 189. The American people may not know it but they have within their to place in the RECORD the statements of. include the following Newsletter of June grasp the opportunity to force Congress to all members of our great Alabama dele 10, 1961: cut taxes and with it, the big spending for gation who have const':tntly stood behind WASHINGTON REPORT welfare and unnecessary programs. Now is the development of the Coosa-Alabama (By Congressman BRUCE ALGER, Fifth Dis the time to contact all elected officials and Rivers. trict, Texas) demand fiscal responsibility defined not as First, Mr. Speaker, I will list our two The Tax Rate Extension Act of 1961, the taxing and raising money, but as reduced great, good, and outstanding U.S. Sena Korean wartime tax measures, were extended taxes and spending. It can be done. Indeed, tors from our own beloved State of Ala 1 year more for the ninth consecutive time. it must, or this Nation will perish, as Com These taxes include the increase of corporate munists have been threatening "by our bama the Honorable LISTER HILL and the taxes from 47 to 52 percent ($2,030 million spending ourselves into bankruptcy," or as Honorable JOHN SPARKMAN. I wish revenue), additional liquor taxes ($158 mil Lincoln said "by falling from within." everybody could read these two state lion), tobacco ($244 million), 10 percent auto The agriculture appropriation bill, 1962, ments. They cover these projects so excise {$402 million), and parts ($75 mil of $5,948,566,000 contained $3,662 million wonderfully well and are really and lion), 10 percent telephone excise ($500 mil just for food given to foreign nations (and truly a revelation to anybody that will lion), and 10 percent transportation excise this is not considered a part of foreign aid) . read them. That goes for not only the ($150 million). The total annual revenue I opposed it. I believe the farm program statements of our two Senators, but the estimate is $3,659 million. immoral and wasteful, will cause the Ameri statements from every one of the men in Arguments for: (1) High spending, al can people to rise up in protest one of these ready billions beyond the budget, requires days. The independent offices appropria our congressional delegation, which in the fiscally responsible to raise the money, tion bill, 1962, contained expenditures of clude the statements by Congressman (2) no tax relief should be given the areas $8,424 million and was passed without even GEORGE GRANT' Congressman GEORGE covered by the taxes until all areas of taxa a record vote (like the $9 billion highway ANDREWS, Congressman KENNETH ROB tion are studied. Arguments against: {l) tax on which no record vote was taken). ERTS, Congressman ALBERT RAINS, Con Fiscal responsibility can be defined only as In this way the Members are not on record, gressman ARMISTEAD SELDEN, JR., Con reduced spending and reduced taxation, (2) a very dangerous procedure, indeed, it seems gressman CARL ELLIOTT, Congressman to cut taxes let's repeal them in the order to me. With money goes power and control, put on, starting with wartime emergency and and the right to tax to raise the money; ROBERT E. JONES, and Congressman temporary taxes. For my part, in my op and the power to tax is the power to destroy. GEORG!:: HUDDLESTON, JR. position to the extension of these taxes I All this and no record vote. All the regula Mr. Speaker, I am so glad that the peo redefined my definition of fiscal responsi tory agencies receive their money under this ple who will read the CONGRESSIONAL bility, and opposed this tax extension for bill and can be controlled partially by the RECORD, which goes all over this great the first time in 7 years. I am tired of pick appropriation allotted them. Seven thou land of ours and many foreign lands, will ing up the tab for the big spenders. Numer sand new employees were added by this bill. ous Members concede that our effort in the Thousands have been added each month of really and truly wonder, as I do, why past toward fiscal responsibility, represented the new administration. And no vote for these great rivers have not been de by my efforts and others in voting against some of us to record our disapproval. veloped many, many long years ago. 10124 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 12 Governor Patterson was here last year must be intensely interested. I think. Hon. James.Gorman, teacher, Vincent, Ala. and would have been with us this year Mr. Speaker, that with your help and Dr. Davis, representing city of Centre, Centre, Ala. had our -Alabama Legislature not been in the help of the great CLARENCE CANNON, Hon. Moultrie Hill, TAG Railroad, Chatta session. However, you will remember, chairman of the Appropriations Subcom nooga, Tenn. and there is a record, of the great state mittee for Public Works, and his full Hon. Charles Hampton, city commission, ment that he made regarding the de and outstanding committee, our troubles Rome,Ga. velopment of these wonderful waterways, will be over. We haive never had any Hon. John E. Chestnut, city council, Cen which is one of the longest river systems trouble with the Appropriations Subcom tre, Ala. in the world. Every one of the Alabama mittee when the items we asked for were Hon. John H. ElUs, county board of reve delegation is so pleased that every item in the budget, and every one of them nue, Cherokee County, Ala. that we asked for is already in the are in the budget, as you will see from Hon. George C. Davls, member, city council, budget. For this, we are very, very the statements of our Senators and all Centre, Ala. thankful. the congressional delegation and from Of course, Mr. Speaker, every Member all our friends who have submitted state of this House knows each one of the ments. This makes the strongest case Summit Meetings Alabama delegation, but how I wish they I have ever read in all of my life. knew all of the men who drove over a Mr. Speaker, how I hope that you and EXTENSION OF REMARKS thousand miles here to appear before every Member in the Congress of the OF you and ask for the help in this great United States will take time out to read undeveloped river system in Alabama, about the Coosa-Alabama and the War HON. STEVEN B. DEROUNIAN Georgia, and Tennessee. I hope every rior-Tombigbee and all of these other OF NEW YORK body wil1 be able to read not only our rivers that we have all been working on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES statements, but the statement of the for so long to be developed. It is a great Monday, June 12, 1961 Honorable Robert F. Henry, president of story and is fascinating and really and the Coosa-Alabama Improvement Asso truly fantastic. I believe, now, that we Mr. DEROUNIAN. Mr. Speaker, in ciation of Montgomery, Ala. We also are going to get the real start which will the first of the following two articles, had the Honorable L. R. Grimes there carry us on to complete this great river Secretary of State Dean Rusk goes into and we call him. "Daddy" Grimes, be project which will mean so much to so great detail on why no one should go to cause he is over 85 years old, or I should many States. As a matter of fact, it the summit. This article, which ap really say 85 years young. That man will mean much to all mankind. peared in Coronet in the June 1961 issue, really made a striking figure when he Our delegation will appreciate your is based on a lecture given by Secretary stood before the Appropriations Sub help and the help of every man in this Rusk prior to the time he was appointed committee for Public Works in the ·House Congress in this great, worthy, and good Secretary of State. and also in the Senate· and told how long proposition, which should have been Dean Rusk is the man who opposed he had been working for this project. finished and in operation over 75 long in principle Secretary Dulles' style of It was longer than anybody could even years ago. The list of names follows: diplomacy, but who has, himself, trav remember, and he has been on the DELEGATION APPEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOM eled twice as far as Secretary Dulles in board of revenue at Montgomery, Ala., MITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS FOR PUBLIC his first 4 months in office, and has ac for over 40 years. WORKS, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, complished far less than our former Sec He told us he had just been able to re JUNE 6, 1961 retary of State. tire the bonds long before they were due Hon. Robert F. Henry, president, Coosa The second article was written by Mr. on that great county for over $10 million. Alabama River Improvement Association, David Lawrence, after President Ken He told us how he had been coming here Montgomery, Ala. nedy's meeting with Premier Khru for many long years, working, pulling, Hon. George L. Cleere, executive vice presi shchev and appeared in the New York and praying for this great project for dent, Coosa-Alabama River Improvement Association, Montgomery, Ala. Herald Tribune this morning. our rivers. Hon. L. R. Grimes, board of revenue, In his report to the Nation, immedi Then each one of these men gave us a Montgomery, Ala. ately upon his return from his summit great statement: Our own Probate Judge Hon. Chris B. Heniz, mayor, city of Selma, meeting, President Kennedy stated that William Dannelly, of Camden, Wilcox Ala. no plans had been presented or dis County, Ala., has been here time and Hon. Thomas Blake, manager, chamber of cussed. Yet after Mr. Khrushchev re time again, to work and lend his voice commerce, Montgomery, Ala. leased information to the contrary, we to help develop this great project. Then Hon. Richard Reed, industrial manager, chamber of commerce, Montgomery, Ala. are now told that a plan for Germany W. E. "Willie" Deer, representing Mon Hon. George Morris, mayor, city of Annis was given to President Kennedy by roe County which includes Monroeville ton, Ala. Khrushchev. Are we in for another and Claiborne, Ala., has been here just Hon. Cyrus Young, Ji., attorney, Anniston, Yalta? as long as we have had this associa Ala. THE PRESIDENCY AND THE SUMMIT tion. How I wish you could go to Clai Hon. Ralph Callahan, manager, Anniston Star, Anniston, Ala. (Speaking frankly and forcefully, our State borne, Ala., and visit this great man, Department head warns against over Willie Deer, and his wonderful wife, who Hon. Burgette Mooney, editor, Rome Trib une, Rome, Ga. burdening the President with the cares live there on a 15,000 acre plantation on Hon. Hoyt Hamilton, probate Judge, St. and pressure of "top level" international the banks of the Alabama River. They Clair County, Pell City, Ala. negotiations) have a fabulous place with everything Hon. Ed. H. Holiday, attorney, Pell City, (By Dean Rusk, Secretary of State) there. It is one of the most beautiful old Ala. The modern Presidency has become an mansions in this Nation and the history Hon. William F. Killough, probate Judge, office of almost unbearable responsibility. -two governors are buried there and Talladega County, Talladega, Ala. The President is Chief of State, Chief Ex many other prominent men who have Hon. Arthur Springer, manager, chamber ecutive of the Government, Commander in lived there. In the long ago, when La of commerce, Talladega, Ala. Chief of the Armed Forces; the head of his Hon. W. M. Donnally, probate Judge, Wil political party; our chief legislator; our chief fayette sailed down this river from cox County, Camden, Ala. Montgomery, Ala., the capital of Ala budget officer; the protector of the Consti Hon. W. E. Deer, representing Monroe tution; the custodian of the national inter bama, he spent the night at this great County, Monroeville, Ala. est. Against this background of unbearable place at Claiborne, and they have his Hon. James Jones, representing Cherokee responsibility, the question arises as to stories, his letters of thanks and all about County, Centre, Ala. whether the President can wisely undertake the great banquet they gave him and, of Hon. G. A. Johnson, representing Cherokee the burden and hazards of personal di course, they did take care of the beauti County, Centre, Ala. plomacy at the summit. As Chief of State ful bed in which Lafayette slept. It is Hon. B. M. Davis, representing city o! o! the United States, [he] can and ought to Centre, Centre, Ala. undertake a limited and carefully planned truly a great place, and they have given Hon. James A. Rice, probate judge, Autau their lives to see this river developed. program of state visits, short in duration, ga County, Prattville, Ala. and aimec;i at the exchange of courtesy and Every man in this list has been very Hon. Carlie E. Smith, bank.er, Prattville, respect as a tangible expression of the good faithful, and Y-OU know if they came Ala. · · will of the American people. But negotiation over a thousand miles to lend their voices Hon. Sam McEwen, mayor, town of Wilson at the chief-of-government level is quite to help their Representatives here, they vme, Ala. another matter. It is not easily accomm.o- 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 10125 dated among the peculiarities of our consti the President abroad would, of course, mean And how shall we handle the chain reac tutional system. It diverts time and en that Presidents would go abroad only on the tions which prestige factors will set off if ergy from exactly the point at which we can rarest occasions-to me one of its most ap summitry becomes a habit--the demands of spare it least. It does not give us effec pealing features. other NATO partners to have a share, the tive negotiation. Such experience as we have Returning to summit meetings and their need to show that the exclusive club is not had with summit diplomacy does not en capacity to yield constructive agreements, limited to white nations and great powers, courage the view that it contributes to the the experienced diplomat will usually coun the resentment in Latin America if left at the advancement of American interests. I con sel against the direct confrontation of those bottom of our interest and concern? clude that summit diplomacy is to be ap with final authority. Negotiation needs One of the arguments made in behalf of proached with the wariness with which a ti.me, patience and precision, three resources summit meetings is that heads of govern prudent physician prescribes a habit-forming which are not found in abundance at the ment· can talk things over directly with free drug-a technique to be employed rarely and highest political level. dom of action and power to come to agree under the most exceptional circumstances, The direct confrontation of the chiefs of ments promptly and decisively. But the with rigorous safeguards against its becom government of the great powers involves an President of the United States is subject to ing a debilitating or dangerous habit. ext ra tension because the court of last re what might be called the "Woodrow Wilson The principal negotiator at the summit sort is in session. The costs of error or mis effect"-he must keep in mind his ability to must be much more than a mouthpiece for understanding are multiplied by the seri make good on his commitments when he the sheets of paper put in front of him by ousness of the issues and the power of those gets home. a staff. He must understand the full scope present. If the summit means bold diplomacy for of the issues and their innermost detail. He Picture two men sitting down together to some, it may well mean timidity for us. must know intimately the positions of others talk about matters affecting the very sur A President in Washington, in direct touch who are to be present, especially where a vival of the systems they represent, each with his departments and congressional and common front among allies is a major ob in position to unleash unbelievably destruc party leaders, may be able to react more. jective of policy. tive power. Note that the one is impulsive promptly and more confidently than if he He must be aware of the impact of the in manner, supremely confident as only a himself were present at the table. issues upon nations not present at the table closed mind can be, tempted to play for dra A formidable argument for summit diplo and upon American interests in all parts of matic effect, motivated by forces only par macy is the statement that "If you wish to the world. Prudence requires that he an tially perceived by the other. negotiate with the Soviet Union you must ticipate as best he can the most probable The other is deeply committed to principles talk to Mr. Khrushchev." Yet, is there point attitude of his principal adversary and the for which his adversary has only contempt, in allowing the Soviet Union to set the style range of alternatives with which his oppo weighted down by a sense of responsibility of international negotiation at the cost of nent might confront him. for the hundreds of millions who have disrupting the established political arrange He must think carefully about his conduct freely given him their confidence and whose ments of other nations? away from the table itself-the social ar fates are largely in his hands, a man limited If Mr. Khrushchev insists upon having a rangements, his informal conversations, and, by conscience and policy in his choice of Foreign Minister to whom he does not wish very important, his relations with the press tact ics and argument. to give his confidence, is he to impose the and public opinion. Is it wise to gamble so heavily? Are not same ignominious status upon the Secretary One can accept the fiction that the White these two men who should be kept apart of State of the United States? House is wherever the President happens to until others have found a sure meeting Can we not insist that it is up to each. be and still recognize that prolonged ab ground of accommodation between them? nation to determine for itself who its high sences from Washington impair the effective Is there not much to be said for institution est ranking negotiator is to be? Or cannot performance of the office. Unless the Presi alizing their relationship? Mr. Khrushchev· find even one high-ranking dent is accessible, decisions on important Thinking broadly and over the long run, colleague whom he can trust to represent matters are postponed or settled at the level the course of wisdom lies in reducing the him loyally and effectively? of the common denominator among the de impact which accidents of personality. have What we say and how we should like to partments and agencies concerned. On his upon the relations among nations. appear are of transient importance compared own side, the President will be partially cut Neither friendship nor aversion is an ade with how we conduct the public business in off from his Cabinet officers, his personal quate basis for high policy. Personalities our domestic and foreign affairs. staff, his usual flow of information, the lead change, sometimes rapidly; but the great The crucial, indispensable contribution ers of Congress and of his own party. In tasks of building a tolerable world order en which the President can make to the con addition, he cannot act with regard to many dure and national interests reach far beyond duct of our foreign affairs is to· enter fully of the formal and informal aspects of his the idiosyncrasies of holders of public office. into his office, to use its powers and accept office. · One of the purposes of diplomacy, including its responsibilities, to lead a people who are Time was of the essence in the decision its elaborate formality and high style, is to capable of responding to the obligations of to interpose American forces against ag exclude from great affairs of state the many citizenship. gression in Korea. Had the decision been irrelevancies which spring from human Finally, the President must prepare him postponed, say, 24 hours, we should have frailty. self for those solemn moments when, after faced a wholly different situation on the If personalities make for complications, all the advice is in from every quarter, he Korean peninsula. Former President Tru these are magnified by the circumstances of must ascend his lonely pinnacle and decide man, in Missouri when the first report of the a summit meeting. When the Big Three con what we must do. There are such moments, attack reached Washington, could neverthe sulted about wartime meetings they seemed when the whole world holds its breath and less authorize immediate reference of the much less concerned about getting away our fate is in his hands. Then every frag matter to the Security Council and arrive from the Germans than about getting away ment of his experience, all that he has read in Washington on the following afternoon from the press. and learned, his understanding of his own to assume full charge of the situation. Jet Apart from the harrowing insistence of the Nation and of the world about him, his transport has reduced the difference between most competitive of the professions, the gen faith, conscience and courage are brought to Missouri and, say, Western Europe, but eral atmosphere is that of the football sta bear. guided missiles and alert bombers have al dium. Is our team winning? Did our man throw him for a loss? Who wins the most It is in this realization, not in petty criti most obliterated the other side of the time cism, that we can be jealous of his time and equation. valuable player award? But beneath the surface lie the desperate energy and resistant to every influence which Since constitutional arrangements are de comes between the man and his burdens. signed to cover many contingencies which hopes that tensions will be eased, that some happily never arise, it is not necessarily a how things will get better. The result is a pervasive pressure toward the creation of KENNEDY'S WISDOM IN TALK TO KHRUSHCHEV sign of panic to suggest that the present QUESTIONED strategic situation places a considerable illusions-at worst an illusion of victory, at premium upon the immediate availability best the pretense of accomplishment where (By David Lawrence) of the President and Commander-in-Chief. none was achieved. WASHINGTON, June 11.-Did President Ken His absence from the United States, in a I must confess that I do not see my way nedy make a mistake in the, timing of his situation which he himself cannot surely through the inevitable entanglement of sum visit with Nikita Khrushchev? Should he control, suggests a contingent inability to mit diplomacy with domestic politics. have delayed at least a year, and should he discharge the powers and duties of his office. Were not some of us just a bit embar have consented to a meeting alone for several It is not unreasonable to consider, if even rassed when Mr. Macmillan announced a hours with the Soviet Premier at which no tually to reject, the possibility of providing general election almost before the vapor stenographic record was made of what was by statute that the Vice President shall trails of Mr. Eisenhower's jet had dissolved said? Also, why didn't Mr. Kennedy disclose serve as Acting President during the absence into British skies? Is the President of the to the American people the two documents of the President from the United States, United States to be caught up personally in which the Soviet Government presented at leaving it to the two of them to determine the difficult task of satisfying General de the Vienna conference and now is making which matters, short of great emergency, Gaulle's appetite for grandeur? public of its own accord? would be forwarded to the President. Can we not anticipate cables from still These questions are asked because it is A provision that the Vice President serve other quarters reading, "My government will announced that in a few days the Soviet as Acting President during the absences of fall unless you come to see us?" Premier is to present a report to _the Soviet 10126· CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 12 people ~gtving his own interpretation of the Secretary Rusk, in a. magazine article pub been aptly described as the Nation's last long discussions at Vienna. Also, it 1s perti lished before he entered the Kennedy Cabi major undeveloped river system. Its poten nent to inquire why as early as February net, opposed summit conferences unless tial uses are not only important to the areas 2~nly a month after his inauguration preceded by careful preparation and, in Alabama and Georgia which it will benefit President Kennedy sent a letter to Premier through diplomatic channels, some measure economically but also to the entire United Khrushchev paving the way for the meeting of previous agreement, in writing, on funda States, as the river system will provide a at Vienna. At that time Mr. Kennedy could mentals. Indeed, it is also a risk for Secre major source of water transportation, reser not possibly have become familiar with all taries of State to participate in oral confer voirs, and hydroelectric power for national the background of previous negotiations as ences with foreign ministers of countries defense. Thus, its proper development is in recorded in the file of reports from our am which are not allied with us and which are deed a sound investment. bassadors abroad to the State Department in potentially our enemies. Recognizing the many potential advan the last several years. Nor had he spent very SUDDEN CH ANGE t ages of the Coosa and Alabama Rivers, the much time getting at firsthand Mr. Eisen Federal Government as far back as 1872 in hower's impressions of Nikita Khrushchev's It was thought for a while that the Ken stituted an improvement program on the tactics. Yet the preceding President had :q.edy administration would con duct foreign syst em. This first development plan called access to every bit of information gathered affairs in what was referred to a few weeks for providing navigation on the Coosa from by intelligence sources in the last several ago as "quiet diplomacy." But for some un Rome, Ga., to Gadsden, Ala., by the building years. explained reason all this was suddenly of 31 low-lift locks and dams. However, only Mr. Kennedy established a precedent in his changed and a spectacular stunt conference four locks were built on the upper end of long periods of conference alone wit h the was substituted. The President eliminated the r apids below Rome, and the Govern Soviet Premier. Such a conference means a from m any hours of his t alks in Vienna the ment abandoned the program in 1890. lot of risks for this country. Thus, the words very experts who could have subsequently Later the Government issued a license to of an ambassador are constantly subject to sized up for h im the true significance of Mr. private interests to develop a portion of the review by his superiors. They can be dis Khrushchev's behavior. Coosa River's hydroelectric power potential. avowed or their meaning softened or ha rd It is questionable whether such summit Three dams were then constructed by the ened as the case may be. When a President talks should be permitted again, and yet Alabama Power Co., with the first being com speaks, however, every word is authoritat ive Congress today seems supinely to ignore the pleted in 1915, the second in 1923, and the and final. It represents a commitment and r isks already taken. Possibly it is because third in 1929. These three dams-Mitchell, 1s part of a historic negotiation, even though the Republicans were involved in somewhat Lay, and Jordan-are the only ones on the for poll tical or other reasons the tendency the same procedures during the Eisenhower Coosa River at the present time. in official statements is to claim that what administration. After additional studies and surveys of the Mr. Kennedy said to Mr. Khrushchev was not All in all, the present system of communi Coosa-Alabama River, Congress authorized, a "negotiation" but a "discussion." cations seems to be slipshod, disorganized in 1945, the development of the system for and ineffective except for publicity maneu MONTHS OF BRIEFING navigat ion, flood control, and power pur vers on both sides. Yet it involves commit poses. Overall planning by the Corps of En How could Mr. Kennedy, with his cursory ments that can m ake the difference between gineers was undertaken from 1945 through knowledge of the official records of the State peace and war. fiscal year 1952, but construction was not Department, safely make any statement oral begun on any specific project. ly in talking with Mr. Khrushchev without In 1954, I joined with other members of months and months of briefing beforehand the Alabama congressional delegation in in by American experts familiar with Russian River Projects in Alabama troducing legislation designed to suspend the affairs? authorization previously granted by Con Even those American experts now resident gress for Federal development of the river in this country are at a disadvantage. Thus, EXTENSION OF REMARKS system for hydroelectric purposes. Subse Mr. Khrushchev's problems are not publicized 011' quent enactment of this legislation made it in the Soviet press. If he is catering to or possible for the Alabama Power Co. to secure defying an opposition, there is little opportu HON. FRANK W. BOYKIN a license to construct four additional hydro nity for American observers to know just OF ALABAMA electric dams on the upper reaches of the what the latest opposition viewpoint is and Coosa River and to raise the level of one of how much influence it happens to have with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the existing dams. This construction pro the Soviet Premier in shaping his policies. Monday,June12,1961 gram is scheduled to be completed by 1968. How many American officials know intimately The first facility, the Weiss Dam, is to be the background of Kremlin policy over the Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, under completed this year. years or the environment in the Ukraine, leave to extend my remarks in the REC With the construction of additional dams for instance, which has played such a con ORD, I include the following statement by by private enterprise, the overall cost to the trolling part in Mr. Khrushchev's life and Hon. ARMISTEAD I. SELDEN before the Federal Government for the development of methods of operation? Subcommittee on Appropriations for the Coosa-Alabama for other purposes will Yet an American President with no previ ~ublic Works: be lessened considerably. However, until ous experience at all in international confer the Government adds locks to the proposed ences ventures forth to a summit meeting STATEMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE ARMISTEAD I. and existing dams built by private interests and then proclaims to the world afterward SELDEN, JR. and then constructs three additional locks on a nationwide television network that "no Mr. Chairman, I join with my colleagues and dams on the Alabama River, the Coosa major decision was either planned or taken." and others from Alabama in expressing our Alabama system cannot be used as a traffic In the same address, moreover, it is revealed appreciation for the opportunity to appear artery. that Mr. Kennedy delivered a warning on before your subcommittee in support of ap The current plan of development by the West Berlin and said the United States would propriations for further development of the U.S. Corps of Engineers calls for beginning take "any risk" to defend our rights there. Coosa-Alabama River system. We believe construction of Millers Ferry Dam in 1962. Plainly this was not just a "discussion" but the information we are presenting to you Claiborne Dam is scheduled to be started 2 a grave step in international relations which today will indicate that the funds requested years later so that it can be completed con could mean war. are justified. currently with Millers Ferry. Jones Bluff Should American Presidents issue in per In the Federal budget for 1962 a total of Dam is scheduled for construction when sonal conversations-rather than in writ $675,000 is included to complete the planning these two are completed and will take about ing-warnings that could involve the coun and designing of two very necessary struc 4 years. to build. try in war? The Constitution gives only to tures on the system-the Millers Ferry navi The plan of development provides for in Congress the power to declare war. Diplo gation and hydroelectric power dam and the stallation of locks in the privately owned matic exchanges can often bring commit Carters flood and hydroelectric power dam. dams on the Coosa River as soon a.s naviga ments that may provoke war, and then Con The sum of $75,000 is included to resume tion is assured to Montgomery and gress is placed in the awkward position of planning of the important Claiborne navi Wetumpka. ratifying a state of war that exists. gation dam on the Alabama River. Let me The Carters flood and power dam was au When President Eisenhower decided to go emphasize that the planning and designing thorized by Congress following an interim to the summit at Geneva in 1955 and at Paris of two of the dams, Millers Ferry and Car report and recommendation of the Corps of ters, can be completed if the 87th Congress Engineers that the dam be constructed. in 1960, the same criticisms were made in appropriates the amounts contained in the This dam will be located in northwest Geor these dispatches. In fact, thoughtful stu 1962 budget. The remaining funds Will make gia. on the Coosawattee River which joins dents of American diplomacy feel that sum it possible to resume planning of the Clai the Etowah River near Rome, Ga., and forms mit meetings constitute a dangerous depar borne lock and dam. Thus, none of the the Coosa. The new fac111ty will hold back ture from a republic's policy and seem to be funds included in the budget are for plan floodwaters in the downstream areas as well more in conformity With the customs and ning a.nd design of new projects. as generate power needed for the rapidly ex policies followed in the days of absolute Second in size only to the Tennessee River panding- industrial section of northwest monarchs. in the Southeast, the Cooea-Alabama has Georgia. 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 10127 Mr. Chairman, I respectfully urge that the ·was part of the disposition of more than America's public schoolchildren are bet funds provided in the current budget for the one billion acres of the national domain ter housed than ever before, and they are planning and design of both the Millers to homesteaders, railroads, and other better housed than the children of any Ferry and Carters locks and dams, as well as funds for resuming planning of the Clai groups whom the Government encour ·other nation. We have something to be borne Dam, be approved by your committee -aged to develop the West. proud of. so that the development of this great river It is significant to recall that no such When one drives over American high system may proceed as rapidly as possible. grants or other benefits were provided ways today new school buildings can be to the 13 States where, at that time, more seen on every hand, with new construc than 98 percent of all American children tion of classrooms going on everywhere lived. we go, Federal Aid to Education Is Unnecessary, The question is then asked: Is it con A lady residing in Brownwood, Tex., Undesirable, and Unwanted ceivable that Congress would have chan wrote me a few days ago as follows: neled all grants to areas where almost no In regard to Federal aid to education, ·we American children lived and none to the do not want it, do not need it. In our own EXTENSION OF REMARKS sections where the children actually small town we are building a $2 m1llion OF were and needed an education, if Federal school building, paying for it without Federal HON. 0. C. FISHER promotion of education was the real pur aid. Let the other towns do likewise. pose of the grants? The record of success of most of school OF TEXAS Since that time billions have been IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bond and tax issues, to support schools, voted for other State and local activities. demonstrate the fact that the American Monday,June12,1961 Some of these programs have affected people can and are willing to support Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, an at schools but cannot be properly called their schools without Federal assistance. tempt is underway to wrest from the peo Federal aid to education. The Congress Local school boards should know their ple the control and direction of their has repeatedly turned down proposals needs better than any bureaucrat or largest domestic service-public educa for Federal aid, of the type now before lobbyist in Washington. The National tion-and lodge that control in a sprawl us. School Boards Association, which repre- ing Federal bureaucracy. The school-lunch program is also cited . sents the State school board associations The threat is real and it is serious. as a precedent. Yet that program was and the country's 50,000 local school The eyes of the Nation are now upon the from its inception justified as a means boards, year after year has refused to House of Representatives where the final of disposing of agricultural surpluses. endorse Federal aid, most recently at its verdict will be handed down within a few It is handled by the Department of convention in Chicago in April of 1960. days. That decision will be historic, be Agriculture. Where, then, is all this clamor for Fed cause this time we are playing for keeps. Aid to schools in impacted areas has eral aid coming from? It is coming from By a vote of 49 to 34 the other body on been cited as a precedent. But we all the politicians and from the professional May 25 approved a bill, and once again know that such aid is meant in lieu of educationalists here in Washington. the House of Representatives becomes taxes on federally owned facilities and But what about the future of class the last refuge for those who oppose to alleviate an extraordinary problem rooms? Can we reasonably expect the transferring control of our public schools caused by a sudden influx of people in remarkable record that has been made from Main Street and the local elected connection with a Federal activity. by local communities in meeting this school boards to Washington on the Po Therefore, it is no precedent for what problem to continue? tomac. is now being attempted. It has been pointed out that 69,000 On the one hand it is claimed by cer It is true that there is a form of classrooms have been built each year tain sponsors that this aid legislation Federal aid to education in vocational for the past 5 years. The President in will not lead to Federal control, and lan training and in the National Defense his message to the Congress estimated guage in the bills is cited as ample proof. Education Act of 1958. The latter is a the need for 600,000 additional class Other supporters frankly admit that temporary program, or at least so in rooms during the next 10 years. At the Federal control is the chief objective. tended when enacted, with its expiration present average rate of 69,000 new ones I shall go into that in more detail later date in 1962, and it was justified as a a year, we can assume that 690,000 new in this discussion. means of promoting the cause of na classrooms will be built during the next It is also contended that there is a tional defense. The two of these pro 10 years. crisis in our schools due to an acute grams combined represent less than 1 Judging by the remarkable record of classroom shortage, which can only be percent of the Nation's total school school bond issues in 1960 there is every relieved by hand-outs from the Federal budget. reason to assume that this trend will Government. We shall see in a moment THERE IS NO CLASSROOM SHORTAGE continue, and we have a right to assume that there is absolutely no factual basis In their zeal Federal aid advocates that will be the case. for that contention. have repeatedly stretched the facts in We know this to be true: The growth A third contention by sponsors is that attempts to make out a case for Federal of school finances, the building of class there is a need for more schoolteachers, assistance for classroom construction. rooms, the addition of new teachers, that they are underpaid, are lacking in What are the facts? Since 1954, when have far surpassed what friends and quality, and therefore Uncle Sam should a national school plant inventory was foes of Federal school aid dreamed of chip in and help pay their salaries each taken, reports Mr. Freeman, enrollment only a few years ago. The record shows month. This claim is also contrary to in public schools has grown 24 percent. that States and communities have been the documented facts. And during that same period the number increasing their school appropriations NO PRECEDENT FOR THIS AID of classrooms in use has grown 36 per by about $1 billion each year for a Mr. Speaker, for some 80 years this cent. While that was taking place the decade. battle has been going on, but with in number of pupils per classroom has NO TEACHER SHORTAGE creased tempo in recent years-a strug dropped from 30.6 to 27.8. It is contended that the teacher short gle to gain for the Federal Government More than one-half of schoolchildren age is so serious that it is necessary for some control and direction over our pub now enrolled are in classrooms built since Federal intervention to alleviate that lic schools. Federal aid to the land grant the war. problem. colleges has been cited as a precedent Within the past 10 years 600,000 new The simple fact is that over the last for aid to public schools. Let us examine classrooms have been built. During that 7 years enrollment increased 29 percent 'that argument a moment. time school attendance grew 11.5 million, but the number of teachers with quali Mr. Roger Freeman, a ;highly respected requiring an additional 400,000 class fying certificates increased -40 percent. authority on school finances, reminds us rooms. Thus, some 200,000 classrooms ·Does this indicate an acute shortage is that such grants were authorized by the were made available for replacement and developing? ordinance of 1785, and that through the reduction in class sizes. And the teacher outlook for the future years the Federal Government has deed Does that record indicate a crisis in is bright. Last year 130,000 men and ed 77 million ·acres of public land to the classroom shortage, as Federal aid spon women completed teaching certificate States as endowment for schools. This sors contend? The simple fact is that requirements, equal to 31 percent of all 10128 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 12 college students who earned a bachelor's MORE BUREAUCRACY AND CONTROL IS THE GOAL personal concern and that educational poli degree. That percentage has gone up Mr. Roger Freeman says that the .cies should be made by local units of gov .ward from 21 percent in 1948 to 31 per sponsors of Federal aid are already pre ernment will have to go. The national wel cent in 1956 and has remained at a sta paring for the day of victory. The staff fare demands a national system of education. ble rate ever since. of the Office of Education has doubled In a recent article on this subject, Mr. If this healthy record is maintained within the past 3 years and its expendi Freeman referred to the views that have during the next decade, and we have a tures have more than quadrupled in the been expressed by the National Educa right to assume that it will, the number past 6 years. tion Association and the American As of newly prepared teachers will be in We are reminded that a memorandum sociation -0f School Administrators. creased by 75 percent during a time circulated within the Office of Educa They are the chief sponsors of Federal when enrollment increases are due to tion last fall predicted that the role of aid, and here is their view: be cut in half. the Office of Education is going to ex~ At no time will they [the people) clearly In an attempt to drum up support, plode in the decade ahead. and decisively take action to make the Na sponsors dangle before the schoolteach The authors of that memorandum, ac tional Government the predominant agent of ers of America the promise of more pay, cording to Mr. Freeman, pointed to the educational control. Rather, national con if only Federal aid can be pushed success of the life-adjustment education trol will come by a process of accretion and through the Congress. movement which the Office of Education infiltration. This is how it has happened Everyone wants to see our teachers sponsored 14 years ago and outlined a thus far. adequately paid for their services. But plan to develop a national policy in edu If more evidence is needed, let us turn without the magic of Federal aid, the lot cation, to reshape curricula and organi to a leading advocate of Federal aid, Mr. of our teachers has increased-and is zation, and remodel the public schools. Myron Liebermann of the Educational continuing to increase-steadily. It is This should be brought about by the en Research Council of Greater Cleveland. now being admitted that teachers' pay actment of general Federal aid, by a Fed He has said that local control of edu has risen proportionately faster than the eral contribution far beyond anything cation has clearly outlived its usefulness income of other wage and salary earners. seen in the past. on the American scene, and further, that That is a statistical fact. For example, Mr. Speaker, I am convinced that if local control cannot in practice be recon over the past 30 years the pay of Federal . this Federal aid plan is enacted, there ciled with the ideals of a democratic civilian employees rose 73 percent and will be Federal contr,ol regardless of what society. teachers' salaries 106 percent--both in assurances to the contrary are given. In his book, "The Future of Public Ed price-adjusted dollars. During that The Supreme Court has said that a fed ucation," Mr. Liebermann proposes that same period the wages of all persons erally subsidized program encompasses local control of education by laymen working for wages and salaries rose 91 the right of control. Speaking on this should be limited to peripheral and cere percent. subject the late Senator Taft said: "Fed monial functions of education. He con Of course, if Uncle Sam forces his way eral aid means Federal control: There is cludes: into this field and takes over some of the no middle ground." I am convinced that we are about to move financing, naturally local and State offi It must be kept in mind that the spon rapidly toward a national system of educa cials will not exert themselves to find sors of Federal aid have failed to make a tion. the solutions to the financing of school case, if the proposal is based, as they problems. contend, on the need for aid in defraying On the subject of Federal control, a recent editorial writer gives us some LOCAL COMMUNITIES CAN FINANCE SCHOOLS the costs of classroom construction and thing to think about in these words: Another claim that is often heard in teacher salaries. That being the case, the propaganda line for Federal aid is then the question arises, Just what is The simple truth is that in the long run that local communities have exhausted sought? What is the objective of this Congress cannot escape responsibility for use ambitious and expensive Federal pro of the Federal money it passes out to a their taxing and bonding capabilities. State. Next year it may ban any aid to a That may be true in a few instances, but gram? segregated school. The year following it it is not generally true. In fact, studies I quoted a moment ago from a Depart may require instructions in the principles show that the job of supporting schools ment of Education memorandum which of the United Nations. Next it could re will be easier during the next 10 years makes it crystal clear what the real pur quire a loyalty oath for all teachers. Then than has been true during the 1950's. pose is. Let us search for more support it could compel all schools to show films School enrollment will expand much less ing proof, if more is needed. An edito dep~cting the accomplishments of the Fed than in the past, proportionately. rial in the Nation's Schools, September eral Government in producing electric power. 1960, contains this: And ultimately a Fascist-minded adminis A little more than a year ago the tration might use the power over school fi Department of Education conducted a There is something quite naive in the way nances to infiltrate the schools with out canvass among chief State school offi we school people talk about Federal control right propaganda on behalf of the group in cials and received 45 replies. Fifteen of education. Some of us seem to think that power. of the States reported having districts Federal influence on education can be pre which, although needing additional vented by stating that it shall not exist. The idea that by stating in a bill that classrooms, had reached their borrow Federal direction is inherent in any Federal there shall be no Federal control actual law or any Federal court decision pertaining ly means that may sound good to the ing limits and had no access to other to education. funds. There were 237 such districts, naive and the inexperienced. But to most of them small, out of a national The late and lamented John Lesinski, those who know very much about the total of nearly 50,000-a showing that Sr., while serving as chairman of the workings of the Congress such assur only about one-half of 1 percent of all House Committee on Education and La ances mean very little indeed. Every the school districts in the Nation legally bor, addressing himself to this very year there will have to be appropri"a lacked financial means to build needed problem, stated: tions by the Congress. And every year classrooms and otherwise support the It is impossible to draft a general Federal there will be "riders" offered, and prob cost of maintaining their schools. aid bill which will not contain a great deal ably many adopted, laying down the con It must be conceded that the promise of Federal control over local school systems. ditions under which the money may be that Federal aid will give taxpayers and I am convinced, after the hard study we have spent, notwithstanding any provision in schools something for nothing has an put to the question, that no acceptable bill preventing Federal domination of local the organic act. appeal. Without bothering to think schools can be drawn. I reluctantly come to The simple fact is that the NEA and through the implications of this pro the conclusion, but I had to face the facts. other sponsors know that it is much eas posal, some States look at the propa ier for pressure groups to influence a sin ganda figures put out by sponsors, and Mr. Lesinski was a realist and he knew say: "Look, we had better get on this -what he was talking about. gle legislative body-the Congress-and gravY train. We will get more out of it An editorial in Overview, monthly a single Executive-the President--than than we will pay in." The lobbyists magazine of the school administrators, it is 50 State legislatures, 50 Governors, feel that in that way they can swing said in November 1960: and 50,000 local school boards. That is enough votes for the legislation to chalk The United States is inexorably moving .why they have doctored this legislation up a victory. And the sad thing is that ·toward a national system of education. The to make it appeal to as many as pos they may do just that. long-held views that education is largely a sible. . But once enacted, the big battles 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 10129. will begin, and they know that then they for everyone, privileged as well as under parison, was $286 billion, or 367 percent will have the upper hand. privileged. The amendment to count paro of the $78 billion budget receipts in that Mr. Speaker, can there be any reason chial schoolchlldren widens that trend. Under it some of the wealthier States ac year. able doubt in the mind of any reasonable tually might collect more subsidy per public To add to this already alarmingly high person of what this is all about? It is . school pupil than the poor ones. · public debt a new spending program of too obvious for words. No alq. at all can be justified unless the Federal aid would be sheer folly. It Someone put it this way: Do we want State can demonstrate that, despite use of means more deficit financing, more bor a centralized, standardized school system all available tax resources, it is unable to rowing, and more inflation. with a set curriculum, with teacher cer finance decent education. This aid-to-edu Yet, despite this dark picture, and de tification requirements fixed in Washing cation bill establishes no such criterion. This contemplated raid on the Treasury is spite already extremely burdensome ton, with the whole orientation of our particularly untimely in view of large new taxes, the spenders seem unconcerned. schools armchaired by a Federal bureau; requirements for defense and a budget far They appear quite willing to prolong the or do we wish to continue to have indi out of balance. day of reckoning, to let our grandchil vidual school systems stemming from the It seems to us that the lawmakers, hurry dren worry about it. manpower inventories and the aspira ing to spend this and other large sums on Now is indeed the time for all good tions of a community? Do we want in new domestic programs, must ask them selves where they are going to get the money. men to come to the aid of their country. stitutions responsible to the people of Let us defeat this Federal aid bill, retain that community and hence financed Print it, is the apparent answer, and start another wave of inflation. our most priceless heritage-that of local through the efforts of that State and control over the education of our youth, community, or are they to be federally This aid-to-education bill still has to get past the House where Speaker SAM RAYBURN, and begin now to put our financial house planned? We cannot have it both ways. at least, has expressed qualms about paying in order. With the Soviets threatening We cannot have our cake and eat it, salaries. The House should stop this scram to plunge the world into another war, too. ble for handouts. we have no way of knowing when our Again, I repeat: Where is all this WHERE IS THE MONEY COMING FROM? outlay for national defense may sky clamor for Federal aid coming from? Mr. Speaker, we are playing for keeps rocket. Let us apply the brakes now, It is not coming from the local school this time. It is proposed to inaugurate a defeat this Federal aid bill, and apply boards, nor is it coming from the Gov brandnew F~d ral program the cost of sanity to our peacetime programs. Our ernors and the State school authorities, which will mount into the billions in children and our grandchildren will bless except in isolated instances. It is com future years. The fact that this, coupled us for it. ing from the pressure groups who realize with other new authorizations now be that their complete control of our edu fore the Congress will, if enacted, play cational system can come only if educa havoc with the national budget and tion is federalized. add to the national debt, seems to be River Projects in Alabama Last year I sent a questionnaire to no concern of the Federalists who are every qualified voter in my district and plugging for its enactment. EXTENSION OF REMARKS included two questions on Federal aid to A recent paragraph from a Newsweek OF education. Thirty-one percent answered column points up the problem, as fol they favored Federal aid to needy States lows: HON. FRANK W. BOYKIN for school construction, while 64 per Since he came into office, Mr. Kennedy OF ALABAMA cent were opposed. Twenty-six percent has put in requests for over $6.5 billion ad IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of them were for and 69 percent were ditional spending for the current fiscal year against Federal aid for increased teacher and the fiscal year to end June 30, 1962. A Monday,June12,1961 pay. small part of this addition is for defense. Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, under Incidentally, 38 percent of the teachers But most of it is for new or expanded "wel leave to extend my remarks in the REC fare" programs, including increased foreign who answered were for and 56 percent ORD, I include the following statement economic aid, increased social security bene were against aid for school construction, fits, medical care for the aged, Federal aid of Hon. ROBERT E. JONES before the Sub and 32 percent were for and 60 percent for education, housing and urban renewal, committee on Appropriations for Pub were against aid for teachers pay. increased funds to farmers, to veterans, to lic Works. PORK BARREL LEGISLATION unemployed workers. STATEMENT OF HON. ROBERT E. JONES At this point I wish to include as part And since that report was written, Mr. Chairman, I appreciate the opportu of my remarks a recent editorial from several additional spending requests nity to join with my colleagues and this fine the Washington News, referring to the have been submitted to the Congress. delegation from the Coosa-Alabama River Senate's approval of the $2 ½ billion basin in support of the appropriation for It has been said that whlle many $375,000 for the completion of planning and Federal aid to education bill: States and communities have and will design of the Millers Ferry lock and dam; PORK IN AID TO EDUCATION continue to have financial difficulties, $75,000 for the continuation of planning and The idealistic impulse to do something for it can hardly be said that their difficul design of the Claiborne lock and dam on . education has degenerated into a frantic ties in the aggregate are as serious as the Alabama River, and $300,000 to complete scramble to get at the pork barrel. those of the Federal Government. Dur the planning and design of Carters flood The Senate, in the final throes of passing ing the 10 years from 1951 through 1960 and power dam on the Coosawattee River, this legislation, has completely removed the Ga. wraps. First it was a question whether State governments as a group experi As you know, Mr. Chairman, the Alabama there should be money for teachers' pay, as enced 7 years in which total revenues delegation in the Congress has supported well as for buildings. Now the Senate has exceeded total expenditures and had the development of the Coosa-Alabama amended the bill to make it a straight hand only 3 deficit years. The net excess of River for a number of years. All of us have out. The money can be used, not just for revenues over expenditures for the full testified before this great committee in years buildings and salaries, but for any school 10-year period was $1.3 billion. In con past and I feel sure, as a result of previous purpose. trast, the Federal Government incurred testimony, you have complete information In the original language, as proposed by six deficits during the same 10 years-and on this great river system and the future President Kennedy, subsidies were to· be that the development of it holds for the proportionate to the numbers actually at had four surpluses. The deficits totaled State of Alabama and the southeast section tending public schools. This has been $35.9 billion and the surpluses $7.9 bil of the country. . changed in the Senate to include all chil lion for a net 10-year deficit of $28 bil This committee, in its wisdom, saw fit to dren of school age, whether attending pub lion. appropriate some $200,000 last year to con lic school or not. The debt situation of the Federal Gov tinue the planning and design of the Miller's Parochial schools would not get any of ernment is also worse than that of State Ferry lock and dam which had been de the money. The Constitution forbids it. and local governments as a whole. Com ferred for a number of years due to the But States where large numbers of children pollCY of the past administration of "no new go to parochial schools would benefit more, bined State and local debt at the end of starts". · in proportion, than States with a few paro- fiscal 1960 was approximately $69 · bil Mr. Chairman, I personally have been chial schools. · lion, or 192 percent of the $36 billion interested in the development of this river Undoubtedly some underprivileged areas State and local general tax revenues in systeµi since coming to the Congress and I could use help. This bill offers something that year. The Federal debt, in com- am most happy to finally see this project 10130 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 12 recognized by both the past and the present Water must be controlled to reduce flood In the .Lehigh River Basin, thr~ addi administration by the inclusion of funds flows. tional major reservoirs are proposed-Beltz for the continuation of the project in the Water must be harnessed to produce ville Reservoir on Pohopoco Creek, Aquashi bui:lgets submitted to the Congress. power. cola Reservoir on Aquashicola Creek and Thank you Mr. Chairman for granting us Water must be regulated to provide for Trexler Reservoir on Jordan Creek. this time before the Committee and I municipal and agricultural needs. In addition-and this emphasizes my earnestly request that you give favorable Water must be channeled to serve naviga- point that the project that we are dedicating consideration to our request for the appro ti~. . today is a commencement--there are plans priations that have been included ln the Water must be ponded to meet our recrea for modification of Bear Creek Reservoir in budget. tional needs. the future to serve expanding water supply And, water must be managed to conserve and recreational ·needs as well as those for and protect our fish and wildlife resources. flood control. A river demands its price. What is wasted Also, a small reservoir on Mauch Chunk Bear Creek Dam Dedication can never be wholly recovered. Creek is proposed primarily for flood pro We in the East no longer may sit quietly tection at Jim Thorpe. EXTENSION OF REMARKS by-smug in the assurance that we are water · These reservoirs whe·n fully developed will OF rich. We must plan vigorously, wisely, and afford a high degree of flood control in the now if we are to keep abreast of our water valley below-extending downstream to HON. DANIEL J. FLOOD needs. Easton on the Lehigh and contributing to OF PENNSYLVANIA Brief reflection on the troubles encoun the reduction in flood stages below that tered during the short, but intense drought point on the Delaware. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES experienced in 1957, will serve to emphasize There is no way to recover storage once Monday,June12,1961 this point. This ls why I say the Bear Creek lost, and as I said earlier what is wasted Reservoir must be considered as a begin can never wholly be recovered. Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, this Con ning. Together these reservoirs will devote a gressman had the distinct pleasure of The need for comprehensive development storage capacity of about 138,000 acre-feet 1:articipating in the formal dedication of our rivers was first envisioned by Presi to the regulation of streamflows for water exercises of Bear Creek Dam anc'i. Res dent Theodore Roosevelt in his statesman supply purposes. This capacity is some ervoir at White Haven, Pa., Saturday, like words: what greater than the total capacity of "Every stream should be used to its ut Bear Creek Reservoir as it stands today, June 10. further attesting to the magnitude of our Federal, State, and municipal r..uthori most. No stream can be so used unless such use is planned in advance. "W;hen such plans emerging water problems. ties and private citizen groups have are made, we shall find that; instead of in Present minimum streamflow in the Le worked diligently through the past two terfering, one use can often be made to assist high will be more than double as the result decades to achieve the goal-providing another. Each river system, from its head of reservoir operations. This is considered for a flood protection wall on the Lehigh waters in the forest to its mouth on the necessary to meet the projected water sup River. coast, is a single unit and should be treated ply of the Lehigh area in the year 2010. as such." Comparable reservoir developments in No one man has worked harder in other portions of the Delaware Basin will achieving this goal than my distinguished These words were said by Theodore Roose velt during the 1st session of the 60th provide similar benefits, and in the case of colleague, FRANCIS E. WALTER, Member of Congress, in the early 1900's. They were two reservoirs-Tock's Island on the Dela Congress. A stroke of ill fortune pre true then and they apply today. ware's main stem and Hawk Mountain vented him from attending the dedica Just a few days ago the Corps of Engi Reservoir on the Delaware's East Branch tion. I was fortunate in being selected neers made public the results of more than inclusion of power generating facilities is al- by him to deliver his well-thought-out 5 years of intensive study of the water re ready being planned. . dedication speech: source development needs of the Delaware The undertaking of a program of this mag River Basin. nitude and diversification properly should be SPEECH OF CONGRESSMAN FRANCIS E. WALTER This Congressman is happy that he had a joint undertaking of all levels of govern This dedication today marks a major step an active role ln asking for such a study, ment. toward completion of the Lehigh River flood getting funds appropriated in Congress and The Delaware Basin States-Pennsylvania, protection project. doing whatever he could to assist in get New Jersey, New York, and Delaware--have This project, comprising the local pro ting. the comprehensive plan at least on prepared a Delaware River Basin compact tection measures already completed in Allen paper. addressed to the task of achieving this ob town; the levee, flood walls and a pertinent The results of this plan highlight the jective through a Federal interstate com works under construction at Bethlehem, and emerging need for effective conservation, pact--which is a joint effort of the States Bear Creek Reservoir will provide flood pro control, and utilization of the basin's water and the Feµeral Government. tection to the highly developed Lehigh resources in the service of its population, I have introduced legislation to obtain the River Valley. industry, and agriculture. consent of Congress to this compact. One The recreational potential of the project This great water system can be wisely of its unique features is that it provides for is being developed by the Commonwealth and efficiently developed only in accordance an active participation by the United States, of Pennsylvania through its department of with this integrated, comprehensive plan. as a partner, on an equal basis with the forests and waters, so ably headed by Dr. The waters of the Delaware Basin present States. Maurice Goddard. ly serve more than 21 million people. Al I feel confident that this mutually needed The chain of events which led to the pend though the service area involved is less than basin compact will be approved by President ing culmination of this program were the 1 percent of the area of the continental Kennedy. Discussions are now being suc devastating flood of May 1942; action by United States, it contains about 13 percent cessfully negotiated with the Federal agen the Congress calling upon the Corps of Engi of its population. cies. neers to devise a flood protection plan; au By the time of our entrance into the next I am sure that all of us realize that we thorization of the plan in 1946; and the century the water supply needs which must must invest, but our investment will be great flood of August 1955. Cooperation be be satisfied by use of these waters wlll ap measured in tangible terms. When so tween local, State, and Federal Governments proach four times the current needs. measured, it becomes strikingly evident that have helped to bring this program into Demands for water-related recreation re it does not cost--it pays. being. sources and facilities will increase as the For after all, isn't it true that all that we This is the commencement season in which population of the basin grows and urbaniza really have to sustain us, fundamentally, is many thousands of our young people are tion continues. the air, the soil, and the water. These are leaving our schools and colleges with the Large increases in generating capacity the elemental things of life. Civilizations goal of higher achievement. In the spirit of will be required to meet needs for electricity, that ill used the soil and the water have the season, I prefer to think of Bear Creek accompanying industrial development and withered and died, for nature's penalty is Reservoir as a commencement--a beginning improving standards of living. inexorable. step in the effective development and th'.e It will be necessary to maintain stream Those empires that wisely utilized the wa use Cif the water resources of the Lehigh flows at or above minimum levels required ter endured the test of centuries. Ancient River Basin and the parent Delaware River to handle the waste' residuals which are a wells, aqueducts, and reservoirs-some still Basin. product of complex economic development. serviceable after two millenniums, attest to It is a truism that the waste of a resource The need for a continuing program of ef the lesson well learned. is a moral wrong. fective control of floodflows is clear. In terms of the present and long-range It is essential to our physical well-being The plan of development which has been needs of the Delaware River Basin area and and economic growth that water of ample devised to meet these needs comprises 19 the plans being made to meet them, com quantities and good quality b.e available.. at major water control reservoirs for multiple pletion of Bear Creek Reservoir must be rec reasonable cost and at points and time of use, plus a number of smaller reservoirs pri ognized as an important part of a very fav need without damaging excess. marily for local flood control. orable beginning.