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Parque Nacional Da Lagoa Do Peixe PPaarrqquuee NNaa cciioonnaall ddaa LLaaggooaa dd oo PPeeiixxee RReevviissããoo BBiibblliiooggrrááffiiccaa ee ddeessccrriiççããoo iilluussttrraaddaa ddaass aavveess rreeggiissttrraaddaass ppaarraa oo PPaarrqquuee Elaboração: Oc. Stefan Weigert Oc. Caroline Cooke Rio Grande, dezembro de 2005 ÍNDICE 1. INTRODUÇÃO GERAL ........................................................................................................1 1.1. A planície costeira sul brasileira ..................................................................................... 1 1.1.1. Origem, evolução e geomorfologia.......................................................................... 1 1.1.2. Colonização e aspectos sócio-econômicos............................................................... 2 1.1.3. Clima e hidrografia................................................................................................... 3 1.2. Caracterização ambiental da Lagoa do Peixe.................................................................. 4 1.3. O Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação........................................................ 10 1.3.1. Parques Nacionais (PARNA)................................................................................. 13 2. PARQUE NACIONAL DA LAGOA DO PEIXE ...................................................................15 2.1. Histórico e Antecedentes Legais................................................................................... 15 2.2. Limites do PARNA ....................................................................................................... 17 2.3. As Lagoas de Água Doce do PARNA da Lagoa do Peixe............................................ 19 2.4. Acessos à Unidade ........................................................................................................ 21 2.4.1. Acesso Sul.............................................................................................................. 21 2.4.2. Acesso Norte .......................................................................................................... 22 2.5. Ficha Técnica do PARNA da Lagoa do Peixe .............................................................. 23 2.6. Atividades Conflitantes na área do PARA da Lagoa do Peixe ..................................... 24 2.6.1. Pesca....................................................................................................................... 24 2.6.2. Balneários e Povoados irregulares ......................................................................... 24 2.6.3. Pastagem por Animais Domésticos........................................................................ 25 2.6.4. Áreas Florestadas com Pinus spp........................................................................... 25 2.6.5. Caça........................................................................................................................ 26 2.6.6.Voçorocas................................................................................................................ 27 2.6.7. Cercas Eletrificadas................................................................................................ 27 2.6.8. Ocupação................................................................................................................ 27 3. FLORA E FAUNA DO PARQUE NACIONAL DA LAGOA DO PEIXE ...............................28 3.1. Flora .............................................................................................................................. 28 3.1.1. Vegetação das Marismas, Dunas e Ambientes Aquáticos (límnicos e mixohalinos) .......................................................................................................................................... 28 3.1.2. Vegetação da Mata Nativa ..................................................................................... 30 3.1.2.1 Mata arenícola (Vegetação de Influência Marinha Arbórea)........................... 31 3.1.2.2. Mata palustre (Vegetação de Influência Fluvial Arbórea).............................. 32 i 3.1.2.3. Banhados (Vegetação de Influência Fluvial Arbustiva) ................................. 32 3.1.2.4. Formações sobre Dunas (Vegetação de Influência Marinha Arbustiva)......... 33 3.1.2.5. Campos (Áreas Antrópicas) ............................................................................ 33 3.2. Fauna ............................................................................................................................. 36 3.2.1. Zooplâncton............................................................................................................ 36 3.2.2. Macrozoobentos ..................................................................................................... 37 3.2.3. Ictiofauna................................................................................................................ 40 3.2.4. Anfíbiofauna........................................................................................................... 44 3.2.5. Répteis Marinhos.................................................................................................... 45 3.2.6. Répteis terrestres e de água doce............................................................................ 46 3.2.7. Mamíferos Terrestres ............................................................................................. 46 3.2.8. Mamíferos Marinhos.............................................................................................. 48 3.9. Aves........................................................................................................................... 49 4. AS AVES DO PARQUE NACIONAL DA LAGOA DO PEIXE.............................................61 Podiceps major...................................................................................................62 Podilymbus podiceps..........................................................................................63 Família Diomedeidae ............................................................................................... 64 Diomedea cauta..................................................................................................64 Família Procellaridae................................................................................................ 65 Macronectes giganteus.......................................................................................65 Fulmarus glacialoides.........................................................................................65 Pachyptila vittata.................................................................................................66 Procellaria aequinoctilallis ..................................................................................66 Família Hydrobatidae............................................................................................... 67 Oceanites oceanicus (Alma-de-mestre, Wilson’s Storn Petrel) ..........................67 Família Sphenicidae ................................................................................................. 68 Spheniscus magellanicus ...................................................................................68 Família Phalacrocoracidae ....................................................................................... 69 Phalacrocorax brasilianus (olivaceus) (Biguá, Neotropic Cormorant) ................69 Família Ardeidae...................................................................................................... 70 Ardea cocoi.........................................................................................................70 Casmerodius albus.............................................................................................70 Egretta thula .......................................................................................................71 Butorides striatus................................................................................................72 Nycticorax nycticorax..........................................................................................72 ii Ixobrynchus involucris ........................................................................................73 Botaurus pinatus.................................................................................................74 Família Threskiornithidae ........................................................................................ 75 Phimosus infuscatus...........................................................................................75 Plegadis chihi......................................................................................................75 Platalea (Ajaia) ajaja...........................................................................................76 Família Ciconiidae ................................................................................................... 77 Mycteria americana ............................................................................................77 Ciconia (Euxenura) maguari...............................................................................78 Família Cathartidae .................................................................................................. 79 Coragyps atratus ................................................................................................79 Família Phoenicopteridae......................................................................................... 80 Phoenicopterus chilensis....................................................................................80
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