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MINERAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL MAPS of the ANCHORAGE 1 Ox

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MINERAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL MAPS of the ANCHORAGE 1 Ox U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL MAPS OF THE ANCHORAGE 1ox 3° QUADRANGLE, SOUTHERN ALASKA By D.J. Madden-McGuire and G.R. Winkler Pamphlet to accompany MISCELLANEOUS INVESTIGATIONS SERIES MAPI-2393 j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j CONTENTS Introduction 1 Geologic setting 1 Summary of geophysical data 3 Summary of geochemical data 4 Mineral resource potential 4 Known mineral occurrences 4 Gold-bearing quartz-carbonate veins (Au±Ag) in the Peninsular terrane 5 Gold-bearing quartz-carbonate veins (Au±Ag) in the Chugach and Prince William terranes 7 Volcanic, hypabyssal intrusive, and Tertiary paleoplacer gold in the Peninsular terrane 9 Placer gold and platinum (Au, Pt) 9 Podiform chromite (Cr) and platinum-group elements (PGE's) 10 Porphyry deposits (Cu) 12 Skams (Cu±Ag) 13 Base-metal deposits-Stratiform and stratabound and related syngenetic mineralization (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, and Au) in the Peninsular terrane 13 Base-metal deposits-Massive sulfides and veins (Zn, Cu, Ag, Pb) and strategic metals (Ni, Co) in the Chugach and Prince William terranes 14 Uranium Potential (U) 15 Coal Potential 16 Oil and Gas 17 Miscellaneous 17 References 18 FIGURE 1. Index map of the Anchorage 1°X3 ° quadrangle, southern Alaska, showing known mines, prospects, and mineral occurrences 2 TABLES 1. Selected mines, prospects, and mineral occurrences in the Anchorage 1°X3 ° quadrangle, southern Alaska 22 2. Definition of levels of mineral resource potential and certainty of assessment 25 3. Areas of mineral potential, ratings, and presence or absence of geologic, geochemical, and geophysical evidence for gold deposits, Anchorage 1°X3 ° quadrangle, southern Alaska 26 4. Areas of mineral potential, ratings, and presence or absence of geologic, geochemical, and geophysical evidence for placer gold and platinum deposits, Anchorage 1°X3 o quadrangle, southern Alaska 27 5. Areas of mineral-potential, ratings, and presence or absence of geologic, geochemical, and geophysical evidence for podiform chromite and PGE deposits, Anchorage 1°X3 o quadrangle, southern Alaska 27 6. Areas of mineral-potential, ratings, and presence or absence of geologic, geochemical, and geophysical evidence for porphyry deposits, Anchorage 1°X3 ° quadrangle, southern Alaska 28 Contents I 7. Areas of mineral potential, ratings, and presence or absence of geologic, geochemical, and geophysical evidence for skarn deposits, Anchorage 1°X3° quadrangle, southern Alaska 28 8. Areas of mineral potential, ratings, and presence or absence of geologic, geochemi­ cal, and geophysical evidence for base-metals in stratiform, stratibound, massive sulfides, and vein deposits; also, strategic metals, Anchorage 1°X3° quadrangle, southern Alaska 29 9. Areas of mineral potential, ratings, and presence or absence of geologic, geochemical, and geophysical evidence for uranium deposits, Anchorage 1°X3 ° quadrangle, southern Alaska 29 10. Areas, mineral-potential ratings, and presence or absence of geologic evidence for coal, Anchorage 1°X3 o quadrangle, southern Alaska 30 11. Areas of resource potential and presence or absence of geologic evidence for oil and gas in uppermost Cook Inlet, Anchorage 1°X3 o quadrangle, southern Alaska 30 II Contents INTRODUCTION historic lode-gold mining districts: Willow Creek and Gird­ wood. These gold-mining areas have the highest potential The area of the Anchorage 1:250,000-scale quadrangle for additional resources of gold in quartz veins and in plac­ straddles the bend in the Pacific Border Ranges of southern ers. Based on our geologic mapping, geochemical sam­ Alaska. The quadrangle contains the city of Anchorage and pling, and geophysical studies, we extended areas of high numerous smaller towns, including Eagle River, Palmer, potential for gold in quartz veins outward from the clusters and Wasilla. Tidewater extends into the quadrangle from of historic gold mines, and we identified additional areas of the head of Cook Inlet into Knik and Turnagain Arms, and moderate and low potential elsewhere in the quadrangle. from Prince William Sound as northward-projecting glacial Similarly, we have compiled occurrences of metals such as fiords and inlets. The rugged and scenic Talkeetna Moun­ chromium, and we have delineated areas having various tains to the north and the Chugach Mountains to the south levels of resource potential on the basis of (1) known min­ are separated by the Matanuska Valley, an eastward exten­ eral deposits or occurrences, (2) locations of geologic con­ sion of the broad lowlands at the head of Cook Inlet (fig. 1). tacts and fault boundaries surrounding favorable geologic The mineral resource potential maps show areas that units, (3) mineralogy of heavy-mineral concentrate from contain known and potential resources and that are favor­ stream sediment, (4) geochemical anomalies in stream sedi­ able for occurrences of metals, uranium, coal, and oil and ment, glacial-moraine sediment, and heavy-mineral concen­ gas in the quadrangle. The U.S. Geological Survey trate, and (5) geophysical anomalies. The mineral-resource (USGS), Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical evaluation was loosely based on the criteria explained by Surveys (DGGS), and students and faculty from the Univer­ Goudarzi (1984) (summarized in table 2). These criteria sity of Alaska have cooperated informally in geologic, were adapted for this report so as to determine relative geochemical, and geophysical investigations to determine levels of resource potential and relative levels of certainty areas of mineral-resource favorability in the Anchorage of assessment within the Anchorage quadrangle. In gen­ quadrangle (Bums and others, 1991; Bums, 1982, 1985; eral, areas with previous significant mining activity have Conwell and others, 1982; Csejtey and others, 1978; been assigned a high potential; areas with known resources, McMillin, 1984; Newberry, 1986; Richter, 1967; and Rose, but no previous mining activity have been assigned a mod­ 1966). The most recent geologic map was compiled by erate or low potential. We assigned a low potential to areas Winkler (1990, 1992), and it was simplified for this report. with a favorable or permissive geologic setting and (or) During various regional geochemical reconnaissance pro­ geophysical anomalies and (or) insignificantly mineralized grams, personnel of the USGS collected stream sediment, rock. The low-potential areas generally lack locatable glacial-moraine sediment, heavy-mineral concentrate from mines, but some contain prospects and (or) stream-sediment stream sediment, and rocks from accessible areas in the geochemical anomalies. Use of these criteria allowed us to quadrangle. Geochemical sample localities, sampling show relative levels of potential and certainty within the methods, analytical data, and interpretations are provided in Anchorage quadrangle. In general, areas with previous the following reports: Goldfarb and others (1984); Arbogast mining activity and with rock geochemical evidence for and others (1987); Madden and Tripp (1987a,b); Madden mineral deposits are assigned a D level of certainty, and and others (1988); Madden (1991a,b); Tripp and Madden areas lacking mines but containing geologic and (or) (1991); and Madden-McGuire and Tripp (1993). Data from geochemical evidence for mineralization are assigned either these studies supplemented earlier, more detailed, higher a C or B level of certainty. density USGS stream-sediment and rock geochemical sam­ pling (Clark and Bartsch, 1971a,b; Clark and Yount, 1972; Clark and others, 1976), as well as the less dense quadran­ GEOLOGIC SETTING gle-wide stream-sediment sampling done by the Los Ala­ mos National Laboratory for the NURE (National Uranium The Anchorage 1°X3 o quadrangle is underlain by three Resource Evaluation) program (Zinkl and others, 1981). lithotectonic terranes (Silberling and Jones, 1984), which Aeromagnetic surveys and land measurements for gravity are distinctive fault-bounded assemblages of rock that differ were made for the Anchorage quadrangle. The geophysical from each other in stratigraphy, age, structural style, and data were compiled and intepreted by L.E. Bums (Alaskan types of mineral and energy resources. The Peninsular ter­ DGGS, written commun., 1991, aeromagnetic data), Bums rane underlies the Talkeetna Mountains, Matanuska Valley, and others (in press), and by D.F. Barnes (USGS, written and northern Chugach Mountains; the Chugach terrane commun., 1991, gravity data). underlies the rugged crest of the Chugach Mountains; and Mines, prospects, and occurrences for metal commodi­ the Prince William terrane underlies the extreme southeast­ ties in the Anchorage quadrangle are listed in table 1 and em part of the quadrangle in Prince William Sound (Win­ shown on figure 1. Gold, chromite, and coal are the com­ kler, 1990, 1992; Bums and others, 1991). The terranes modities of greatest interest in this quadrangle (Madden­ were accreted successively to southern Alaska from Middle McGuire and Winkler, 1993). The quadrangle contains two Jurassic to middle Eocene time (P1afker and others, 1977, 1 147 °-- ..... -o mz z (f) c r )> :::D -i m :::0 :::0 ~s }> ~\ z ~~.A om \) Mt I(J) ~ 0 Marcus c Baker G) )> 0 I 0 10 MILES I I I 0 10 KILOMETERS Figure 1. Index map of the Anchorage 1°X3° quadrangle, southern Alaska, showing known mines, prospects, and mineral occurrences. Locality numbers 1-54 and Pl-P5 are referred to in table 1. 1989; Csejtey and others, 1978; Tysdal and Case, 1979; Southeast of the Valdez Group is the Paleocene and Bums and others, 1991). Eocene Orca Group of the Prince William terrane, which The Peninsular terrane is bounded on its south side by consists of 6-10 km of interbedded graywacke, siltstone, the Border Ranges fault system (Winkler, 1990). In adja­ shale, conglomerate, and minor greenstone that resemble cent quadrangles, it is bounded on its north side by the rocks of the Valdez Group (Nelson and others, 1984). The Taral-West Fork fault system (Winkler and others, 1981; Chugach and Prince William terranes are separated by the Plafker and others, 1989).
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