ERSPECTIVES The Newsletter of the Association for Jewish Studies AJSP Fall/Winter 2004

In This Issue: LOST IN TRANSLATION? HOW TO TEACH TRANSLATED TEXTS...... 6 ALSO... Publishing the First Book: A Conversation with Eric Zinner Sara Horowitz ...... 16 The 350th Anniversary of American Jewish Life Jonathan D. Sarna ...... 22 The Jewish Women’s Archive: Portal to a Richer American Jewish Past Karla Goldman ...... 26 (Cover Photo) “Food will win the war - You came here seeking freedom, TABLE now you must help to preserve it - AJS Perspectives: The Newsletter Wheat is needed for the allies - waste nothing,” of the Association for Jewish Studies lithograph by C. E. Chambers. New York, NY, 1918. On display in "From Haven to Home: A Library of Congress President OF Judith R. Baskin Exhibition Marking 350 Years of Jewish Life in America." Courtesy of the Library of Congress. University of Oregon CONTENTS Editor Riv-Ellen Prell From the Editor...... 3 University of Minnesota From the President ...... 4 Editorial Board From the Executive Director ...... 5 Ra’anan Boustan University of Minnesota Lost in Translation? How to Teach Translated Texts ...... 6 Marc Brettler Teaching the Bible in Translation Brandeis University Marc Brettler ...... 7 Jonathan Decter Teaching Classical Jewish Literature in Translation Brandeis University David Stern ...... 10 Steven Fine Teaching From Right to Left University of Cincinnati Anita Norich ...... 12 Sara Horowitz York University Teaching Hebrew Literature in Translation Oren Kosansky Naomi Sokoloff ...... 14 Lewis and Clark College Publishing the First Book: A Conversation with Eric Zinner Heidi Lerner Sara Horowitz ...... 16 Stanford University Perspectives on Technology Frances Malino Electronic Books in the Academic World Wellesley College and the Implications for Jewish Studies Deborah Dash Moore Heidi G. Lerner ...... 18 Vassar College The 350th Anniversary of American Jewish Life Jane Rothstein Jonathan D. Sarna ...... 22 Texas Christian University The Jewish Women’s Archive: Jeffrey Shandler Portal to a Richer American Jewish Past Rutgers University Karla Goldman ...... 26 Steven Zipperstein AJS Vice President for Publications We Remember Our Colleagues Stanford University Joseph Gutmann 1923–2004 Managing Editor Steven Fine and Robert Seltzer ...... 28 Karin Kugel Abraham Joseph Karp 1921–2003 Executive Director Arthur Kiron ...... 29 Rona Sheramy Graphic Designer Egon Mayer 1944–2004 Matt Biscotti Rela Mintz Geffen ...... 30 Wild 1 Graphics, Inc.

Calendar of Conferences in Jewish Studies...... 40 Please direct correspondence to: Calls for Papers ...... 43 Association for Jewish Studies Center for Jewish History Awards ...... 46 15 West 16th Street Announcements...... 47 New York, NY 10011 CORRECTION: In the Spring 2004 issue of AJS Perspectives, the caption of the the illustration for Frank Voice: (917) 606-8249 Mecklenburg's article on the Leo Baeck Institute should have read, "German History in Modern Jewish Fax: (917) 606-8222 Times / edited by Michael A. Meyer; Michael Brenner, assistant editor...," and not "...edited by Michael E-Mail: [email protected] A. Brenner..." AJS Perspectives regrets this error. Web Site: www.brandeis.edu/ajs AJS Perspectives is published AJS Perspectives encourages submissions of articles, announcements, and brief letters to the bi-annually by the Association editor related to the interests of our members. Materials submitted will be published at the for Jewish Studies. discretion of the editors. AJS Perspectives reserves the right to reject articles, announcements, letters, advertisements, and other items not consonant with the goals and © Copyright 2004 Association for Jewish Studies purposes of the organization. Copy may be condensed or rejected because of length or style. ISSN 1529-6423 AJS Perspectives disclaims responsibility for statements made by contributors or advertisers. of this enterprise, has written about Historical Society, Michael the conferences, exhibitions, and Grunberger from the Library of FROM other events of interest to scholars in Congress, and David Wachtel and the field. In addition, Karla Goldman Hila Ratzabi from the Library of the THE of the Jewish Women’s Archive has Jewish Theological Seminary. Karin written about the Archive’s Web Kugel, our managing editor, makes it EDITOR resources for teaching about all come together. American Jewish women historically. Finding images to illustrate an issue Dear Colleagues, This issue of Perspectives introduces on teaching translated texts created an s we begin the new academic two new features. We have invited interesting challenge. Originally we year AJS Perspectives focuses colleagues to write obituaries for believed that the topic was abstract Aon a challenge faced by most recently deceased scholars in the field, and might make finding visual Jewish studies faculty: how to teach and we would like to continue to illustrations difficult. That was not the translated texts. This theme is honor the memories of others. Please case. We discovered all sorts of addressed by colleagues who work contact our executive director, Rona fantastic images, some of which you across most of the languages and Sheramy ([email protected]), if a will see here. However, some of the periods of the field. They share member of your faculty or a colleague most affecting images raised common pedagogical challenges and has died, and you would like to write intellectual challenges for the editorial individual ones as well. The essays by a brief obituary. board about the nature of translation. Considering a famous image of St. Marc Brettler on Bible, David Stern We are also expanding our Jerome translating the bible into on medieval Jewish literature, Anita announcements section in order for multiple languages and decorative Norich on Yiddish, and, finally, departments, programs, and centers pages from children’s Hebrew Naomi Sokoloff on modern Hebrew to share news of new appointments or grammars led us to debate what literature ask us to consider issues of important events. Our goal is both to constitutes a visual representation of translation in the broadest sense. expand the newsworthy issues that Jewish translation. If the depicted How do we teach the context, Judith Baskin, Rona Sheramy, and translation had been for the purpose meaning, and relevance of the texts these features address. At the same of conversion, or primarily for that constitute the core of our time we plan to continue to examine Christian readers, would it be a good courses? They highlight the best issues that are important to our field illustration of the translation of Jewish resources for these tasks, and many of and our lives as teachers and scholars. them ask scholars and publishers to texts? In the end we decided not to create books that will aid in this work. We welcome to the editorial board use certain images, though not Professor Ra’anan Boustan who without lively debate. I suspect it is a The important relationship between teaches in the Classical and Near version of a debate you may find scholars and publishers is the subject Eastern Studies Department of the again in the pages of Perspectives. of another feature. Sara Horowitz, a University of Minnesota and I appreciate the e-mails and member of the Perspectives editorial Professor Oren Kosansky of the comments I have received from you. board, interviewed Eric Zinner, Anthropology Department of Lewis Please continue to let me know what editorial director of New York and Clark College. We look forward is interesting, what isn’t, and what University Press. Sara’s task was to to their contributions both as fine you would like to be reading about. help young scholars learn how to go scholars and new faculty members. about getting a first book published, You can reach me at and we found the interview format As ever, there are many people to [email protected]. particularly useful to that end. thank for their contributions to the Fall 2004 issue of Perspectives. Shalom Riv-Ellen Prell Heidi Lerner’s regular column Sabar of Hebrew University’s Art University of Minnesota features a fascinating discussion of History Department remains a electronic books, including both what generous advisor on images. We were Association is available and what we can look also assisted by Brad Sabin Hill from for Jewish Studies forward to in a digital world. the YIVO Institute for Jewish 36th Annual Conference American Jews are marking the 350th Research, Seth Jerchower from the December 19-21, 2004 anniversary of immigration to North Center for Advanced Judaic Studies at Hyatt Regency Chicago Chicago, Illinois America in 2004. Jonathan Sarna, the University of Pennsylvania, Lyn Slome from the American Jewish who has chaired the academic council See pages 41-42 for details. 3 many of you will choose to contribute FROM generously towards the AJS’s future. The board of directors also voted to THE institute a new AJS membership category, Institutional Membership, RESIDENT with an annual fee of $1000. This P membership category is intended for Dear Colleagues, institutions, departments, and programs who benefit from the variety t was a great pleasure to greet many of services we provide for the training, of you last June 7 in New York at apprenticeship, and launching of the Ithe reception in our honor professional lives of graduate students sponsored by the Center for Jewish and junior faculty. In further return for History. Graciously welcoming our the board at any time and a two-term their support, all Institutional Members members and executive staff, Center limit on consecutive terms on the will be listed in the annual conference Director Peter Geffen expressed his board. The AJS Nominating program book and will receive office delight that the Association for Jewish Committee, under the leadership of copies of AJS Review and AJS Studies has established itself so former President David Berger, Perspectives. While the board expects successfully among the Center’s followed these new by-laws in that Institutional Membership will constituent organizations. I was glad preparing its slate of nominees for primarily be of interest to departments that a significant number of New York election at the conference in December. and programs that offer graduate City area members were able to attend The list of nominees is available online degrees, we welcome any and all this event to demonstrate our on the AJS Web site. institutions, departments, and appreciation to the Center for its programs that are able to participate. generosity in providing commodious Another central concern the directors Please contact Rona Sheramy space for our offices and a variety of discussed at the June meeting was the ([email protected]) if your program services for our administrative staff, financial situation of the AJS in light of Rona Sheramy and Karin Kugel. the expenses occasioned by a shift in is interested in participating as an administrative staff and the AJS’s move Institutional Member. The reception was scheduled following to New York City. While the AJS Planning for our thirty-sixth annual the June meeting of the AJS Board of remains solvent and able to meet all of Directors. At this meeting, final conference, scheduled to take place at its fiscal obligations, the directors the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Chicago changes to a new set of AJS by-laws concur that we must increase our were approved. The process of by-laws from December 19–21, has been financial reserves. Avenues to do so ongoing for months under the capable revision has been ongoing for the past include increasing our membership several years under the leadership of and creative leadership of Sara base, seeking subventions from Horowitz, vice president for program. Robert Chazan, Allan Arkush, Riv- foundations for our publications and Ellen Prell, Robert Seltzer, and David As always, conference panels, other ventures, and expanding our roundtables, and plenary sessions will Berger. We are grateful for the fund-raising effort among members generous legal advice we have received offer a rich array of new scholarship, and in the larger Jewish community. I collegial debate, and pedagogical from Bonnie Edwards Arkush and am pleased to report that an initial Michael Bohnen. I am confident that insights, and, as always, the difficulty fund-raising appeal to our executive will be in choosing among so many the by-laws, which are now posted on committee and board of directors, our Web site, will guide our substantive and provocative sessions. I begun in January, 2004, has already look forward to seeing you there. governance and policies for many years yielded five-year commitments totaling to come. Among the changes in the more than $33,000. We plan to turn to Judith R. Baskin new by-laws is a diminution in the the general membership for support in University of Oregon number of directors who will serve on the months to come, and I hope that

The Association for Jewish Studies wishes to thank the Center for Jewish History and its constituent organizations--the American Jewish Historical Society, the American Sephardi Federation, the Leo Baeck Institute, the Yeshiva University Museum, and the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research--for providing the AJS with office space at the Center for Jewish History.

4 FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Dear Colleagues, planning for the upcoming thirty-sixth annual conference in Chicago. We t has been close to a year since the look forward to what should be 126 AJS officially opened its new outstanding sessions in all fields of offices at the Center for Jewish nonprofit organizations. The firm will I be closely involved in analyzing the Jewish studies, as well as plenary History in New York. In that time, sessions, meetings, film screenings, the organization has undergone many AJS’s annual expenses and revenues, and receptions that allow AJS significant changes. While several of helping to ensure accurate reporting, members to gather, discuss, and these developments may not be budgeting, and planning. explore issues in the field. If you immediately obvious to the One of the most exciting projects now haven’t already done so, please go to membership, they have been essential underway is the reconstruction of our www.brandeis.edu/ajs to pre-register behind-the-scenes improvements to Web site. AJS administrative assistant for the conference at a reduced rate ensure the proper and efficient Karin Kugel and I are working functioning of a fast-growing and to make your reservations for together to create a site that, while organization like ours. First, we have conference meals. The deadlines for maintaining the wealth of information completed the initial phase of our both are November 15, 2004. After available on the current Web site, will database systems upgrade. This this date, you will no longer be able to be more user-friendly and accessible. upgrade has allowed for more make meal reservations, and you will Aside from giving the site a new look, streamlined tracking of membership have to register for the conference on- data, including contact information, we will also be adding new features, site in Chicago. Hotel and other membership status, and conference including a section devoted to conference information can be found participation. Future additions to the fellowships, scholarships, and grants on the AJS Web site. database system will include a coded available to Jewish studies students and Finally, the AJS office greatly field-of-interest section to allow for scholars. You should look forward to appreciates the feedback it has received tracking of members by specialization; an announcement about the new site from many members about the online a restructuring of joint membership in 2005. submission site. With plans to upgrade records to ensure proper These and other projects have the system for the 2005 conference, correspondence with all members; and benefited greatly from the assistance of the creation of an online searchable we value your suggestions for how to the AJS’s summer and fall interns. database that will enable Jewish make online submission an even more Several undergraduate and graduate studies scholars to communicate more fluid and time-saving process. You will students have generously offered their easily with one another. receive more information about time and skills to help the AJS office upgrades to the system in advance of The AJS has also been closely undertake its many initiatives. Thanks the next Call for Papers. As always, analyzing its finances, ensuring that go to Cindy Bernstein of Stern feel free to call or e-mail the AJS office the organization is not only able to College, Elizabeth Nichols of New with any questions or suggestions you meet its financial obligations in the York University, Leslie Altnow of New might have. I look forward to seeing present but also able to support York University, and Oksana Fedorko you soon in Chicago. expanded programming and services of the Jewish Theological Seminary of in the future. With these goals in America, for their energy and Rona Sheramy mind, the AJS office has overhauled its diligence. If you know of a student Association for Jewish Studies financial tracking system, adopting who would like to intern for the new software to facilitate financial Association for Jewish Studies, please reporting and planning. The AJS has contact the AJS office. also hired a new accounting firm in Perhaps most importantly, the AJS New York City that specializes in office has been extremely busy

5 e invited four scholars to comment on the Wchallenge of teaching texts in translation as part of our mission to focus on teaching in Jewish studies. We divided the task by the literature and time periods, and by areas most likely to be taught in universities. Our colleagues offer interesting reflections well beyond the pedagogical issues involved. Their insights about the possibilities and impossibilities of translating the subtlety of language and the challenges inherent in teaching about the cultural contexts of texts, whether they are from the seventh LLOSTOST ININ TTRANSLATIONRANSLATION??

century or the twenty-first, are contributions to understanding our enterprise. In addition, each brief How essay offers a useful review of the best resources for teaching about these literatures and periods. While our colleagues do not deny that to Teach much is lost in translation, they also reflect on the ways that translation is, for our students as well as for ourselves, central to the endeavor of scholarship in Jewish studies. Translated Texts

Above Right: Title page from the Polyglot Psalter (Genoa, 1516), printed on paper. 6 Courtesy of the Center for Advanced Judaic Studies, University of Pennsylvania. poetry, but also in some of successful for assignments such as its prose, it presents “read all of Leviticus”—its style TEACHING problems that are different makes it too difficult to read quickly from translating the for appreciating broad content. In THE BIBLE IN Mishnah, most medieval addition, it is not complete, and historical texts, or biblical thus it is difficult to find, for RANSLATION commentaries. Finally, most example, a translation of Psalms that MarcT Brettler biblical translations are completely allows the structure, written for liturgical, rather meaning, and beauty of the original ince many Brandeis students than university use, to shine through. (For example, the know Hebrew and have some presenting the translators with a set major English translations of Psalm familiarity with the Bible, my of issues that is unlike those Pines 6 do not capture the importance of S confronted when translating The the repetition of bwv, and its first challenge is to convince them vwb that it is worthwhile to enroll in Guide of Maimonides. punning with ). survey courses such as I usually deal with the plethora of Early in the semester, I distribute a “Introduction to the Bible,” where choices by assigning a single handout of various translations of we read most of the Bible in translation, and supplementing it the Akedah from Genesis 22, to English. Such courses are especially with others. I try to teach my highlight the problems inherent in important for students who have students that there is no “best” all translations. I cover such issues only engaged in close reading of translation—it all depends on what as whether Tanakh is correct in its texts with commentaries, yet have you are looking for. Some render translation and reordering of the no sense of how individual parts of the text into contemporary idiom nouns in verse 2, the Bible fit into their historical (e.g. Today’s English Version), others context, or how themes develop try to bring English as close as as “Take your son, your favored throughout the biblical period. possible to Hebrew (e.g. Fox’s The one, Isaac, whom you love,” and Even when students claim they can Schocken Bible), while others strike a whether the opening phrase work through all the assigned texts balance in between, being sensitive should be in Hebrew, I suggest that they read to the Hebrew and its meaning, rendered “Some time afterward,” as most of them in English—after all, while using contemporary (formal) in Tanakh, or “Now after these how many can read the Hebrew English idiom (e.g. the JPS events it was,” as in The Five Books Jeremiah in a single night, or Tanakh). To my mind, the latter is a of Moses. We review why Alter’s manage the Hebrew of Job or the reasonable compromise—idiomatic Genesis renders every vav as “and,” Aramaic of Daniel? Also, reading in and easy enough for students to and why Mitchell’s Genesis avoids English encourages them to see the read, yet still reflecting aspects of this use, translating for tone rather forest rather than the trees, and the style and structure of the than style, and recreating a more allows them to engage with the Hebrew; this is why I use the original text rather than adhering to Bible as a whole. Tanakh translation as my main text. the standard Masoretic text. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to In choosing which translation(s) to I frequently supplement Tanakh perform a similar exercise with most assign, I have encountered at least with handouts. I do this from the other Jewish texts, where this three problems that are specific to first class, where I slowly teach the diversity of translations and the Bible. There is an first creation story in Genesis using translation types does not exist. embarrassment of riches of Bible The Five Books of Moses (The translations—it is not necessary, as Schocken Bible). Its layout—as Throughout the semester, I correct with other texts, to spend the first poetry rather than prose— mistakes that likely have their origin class telling the students what the encourages students to slow down. in the translator’s desire not to problems are with the existing one, In addition, this translation renders disturb English readers too much, two, or three translations; instead, I the same Hebrew word with the especially when they are reading the need to decide which of the more same English word, so I can explore text in a liturgical context. My than ten translations to use. Second, structural matters, repeated words interest as an academic scholar of unlike many classical texts studied in and phrases, and how they convey the Bible is in what the Bible meant translation in Jewish studies courses, meaning, particularly in sections historically, and thus, I find myself the Bible is considered a highly that are especially literary. The criticizing modernized translations, “literary” text. Especially in its translation, however, is less which aim to make the text more

7 palatable to the modern worshipper. This is especially evident in recent Protestant translations—e.g. the New Revised Standard Version renders the beginning of Psalm 1, , as “Happy are those,” even though there is good evidence that the Psalter is addressing males only, and the text uses vyah rather than the gender- neutral µdah. Tanakh is not immune from such mistranslations. In 2 Samuel 12, after David is confronted by Nathan, he confesses, and according to Tanakh, Nathan responds: “The LORD has remitted your sin; you shall not die.” The Hebrew for “has remitted” is , however, and should be translated as “has transferred.” If there is any doubt about this, later in the chapter the son born of this adulterous affair dies. It seems that for theological reasons, because most people are uncomfortable with vicarious punishment and the death of innocent children, the Tanakh translators have softened the text.

Other reasons Page from the Constantinople Polyglot Bible (1546), determine translation written in Hebrew, Judeo-Arabic, Judeo-Persian, and Aramaic. choice as well, such as Courtesy of the Library of the Jewish Theological Seminary. the availability of 8 translations printed together with incorporating traditional Jewish and the students’ confidence in the very useful commentaries or annotations. modern critical scholarship. Among translation that we use. This can Most classical Jewish sources are so other things, we used the happen, though if done properly, it difficult or foreign in English that a annotations to correct problematic need not, and teaching in this translation alone is not of much or questionable renderings in manner can serve as an important help. The availability of good Tanakh, such as ryb[h in 2 Samuel reminder that much is lost in any annotations is of translation, and that it paramount IT SEEMS THAT FOR THEOLOGICAL REASONS, BECAUSE is important to study importance. This is biblical Hebrew in why earlier I used MOST PEOPLE ARE UNCOMFORTABLE WITH VICARIOUS order to attain the Revised unmediated access to Standard Version in PUNISHMENT AND THE DEATH OF INNOCENT CHILDREN, the Bible. Thus, my the New Oxford THE ANAKH TRANSLATORS HAVE SOFTENED THE TEXT most gratifying Annotated Bible, T . experience is seeing and then the New Revised Standard 12, which the Jewish Study Bible students move from English survey Version, first in the HarperCollins notes is “better ‘transferred,’” or courses to biblical Hebrew courses Study Bible and then in the New the ubiquitous mistranslation of and then to Hebrew text courses, Oxford Annotated Bible, third tafj as “sin offering,” which is where they use the general edition. They were available with corrected to “purification offering.” background information gleaned good annotations, even though I The Jewish Study Bible thus attempts from translation courses, along with was not enamored of the to provide excellent, up-to-date, their Hebrew skills to appreciate translations themselves. In part, my Jewishly sensitive annotations on fully the text in the original. frustration in using these works was the best compromise translation one factor that motivated me to co- available. Marc Brettler is the Dora Golding edit with Adele Berlin The Jewish Professor of Biblical Studies It would seem that what I do— Study Bible (2004), which at Brandeis University. teaching from translations while reproduces the Tanakh text, and pointing out their shortcomings—is contains annotations and essays problematic, and could undermine

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9 and everything else these texts can teach us—about their authors, about TEACHING CLASSICAL the world in which they lived and within which these texts came into JEWISH LITERATURE existence, and about the formative, canonical role that these texts have IN RANSLATION played in Jewish culture virtually David SternT since the time of their composition. Our understanding of classical ever before have so many poetry—has long been amply Judaism, of the early Rabbinic period translations of classical Jewish represented in translation, and in particular, and our appreciation of Nliterature of the Rabbinic and continues to be replenished with new, the complex literary nature of these medieval periods been available in more contemporary renditions. Yet texts qua literature have both English. The great Soncino editions even the literature of Jewish undergone massive revisions over the of the Babylonian Talmud and mysticism—an area one might have last two or three decades. Our Midrash Rabbah—unrivalled for the expected to be resistant to reading of these texts has also been last three-quarters of a century—have translation—has been extensively reshaped by new methodologies and now been supplanted. For the translated; the crown jewel of these theories. How does one use these Talmud alone, there have been three translations is Daniel Matt’s The translations to expose students to new translations— Jacob Neusner’s Zohar: The Pritzker Edition these new currents and to cut in the Brown Judaic Studies series; (2004), the through the conventional pieties the Schottenstein Talmud produced with which classical Judaism has by Mesorah/Art Scroll, and several too often been taught in the past? volumes of Adin Steinsaltz’s Hebrew There are two main challenges a edition with his commentaries. professor faces in using these Neusner has also produced new translations. First, while nearly all translations of the Mishnah and, for the translations I’ve mentioned are the first time, of the complete reliable—and some are truly Tosefta and the Jerusalem Talmud. excellent, philologically sound, and The same with midrash: in addition even stylistically felicitous in to the indefatigable Neusner’s re- English—many of them simply do translations of the classic collections, not capture the vitality of the several other new translations have Moreh Nevukim [Guide to the Perplexed] originals. Most of us are familiar with appeared, including Reuven by Maimonides, genizah fragment, 1190. the stilted, archaic deadliness of the Hammer’s Sifre Deuteronomy (1986) Courtesy of the Library of the Jewish Theological Seminary. Soncino translations, but the more and Burton Visotzky’s Midrash recent renditions are equally flawed Mishlei/Proverbs (1992). Hayyin N. first two volumes of which have just by pedestrian prose; they convey little Bialik and Yehoshua H. Ravnitzky’s appeared. The one area still seriously of the pithiness or paradox of Sefer Ha-Aggadah/The Book of undertranslated is medieval halakhic Rabbinic language, or the ruckus of Legends, an invaluable textbook of literature—both codes and the Rabbinic academy. The Rabbinic lore—is also now available responses—though it’s probably only Schottenstein Talmud presents a in English (1992), as is Micha Yosef a matter of time before this literature verbose and virtually Targumic Berdichevski/Bin-Gorion’s Mi-Mekor will be translated by scholars. paraphrase that overwhelms the Yisrael, the other great modern Twenty years ago, the challenge original text. Steinsaltz’s Talmud has anthology of ancient Jewish legend facing an instructor wishing to teach a comparable (though less verbose) (1976). Rabbinic or medieval Hebrew literary paraphrase, as well as a somewhat Even Geonica is beginning to make texts to students who did not know superfluous “literal translation,” and its way into English, e.g. Nosson Hebrew was to find translations; this reproduces the traditional Talmudic Dovid Rabinowich’s The Iggeres of is clearly no longer the case. The page layout, with the core text in the Rav Sherirah Gaon (1988), the challenge today is in knowing how to center surrounded by a sea of classic tenth century history of use these translations to convey to commentaries, in order to make its Rabbinic literature. Medieval Hebrew students the remarkable character of reader feel as though s/he is literature—particularly philosophy, classical Jewish literature, its literary, “learning” the traditional text. This historiography, and Spanish-Hebrew religious, and intellectual excitement, strategy has a certain pedagogical 10 advantage, though it is also for midrash; the closest thing, Gary has produced what is to my mind the somewhat misleading, since Porton’s Understanding Rabbinic most accomplished and important Steinsaltz’s edition is not the Midrash: Texts and Commentary translations of his generation. It traditional Talmud. Neusner’s (1985), has been out of print for a would be wonderful if some translations, though less archaic than long time. Judah Goldin’s The Song enterprising editor were to the Soncino, lack its (albeit dated) at the Sea (1971, 1990) is a masterful commission a series of similar books, charm. each one devoted to a different classical text (or selection from one) Admittedly, Rabbinic language can be with an original translation very difficult to translate, but few of accompanied by an interpretive the recent translations rise successfully commentary-essay. This would make to the challenge. Nor do they deal a perfect series of text books. adequately with the other major problem in teaching Talmud or A final word about a different side to midrash in translation, namely, the translation. Thanks to the remarkable fact that both kinds of texts are growth of day schools throughout largely incoherent to the reader who America, there is a growing is not already initiated into their population of undergraduates who world. It is simply not enough to come to Jewish studies classes in render their words and their sense universities with good Hebrew skills into English in order to make these and more than a little familiarity with works accessible to a contemporary the classical texts. For these students, reader; it is not even enough to the very act of translation can be the paraphrase their argument. One Moreh Nevukim [Guide to the Perplexed] most valuable pedagogical tool. The by Maimonides, translated into Hebrew needs to explain what these texts by Shmuel Ibn Tibbon, 1399. great literary philosopher Walter mean, that is, on the one hand, how Courtesy of the Library of the Jewish Theological Seminary. Benjamin once wrote that ownership they work and operate and, on the is the most intimate relationship a translation of an important midrashic other, why we—the contemporary human can establish with an object. selection, and Goldin’s introductory American reader—should ever care to Along the same lines, one might say essays serve some of the purpose of a know in the first place. To that translation is the most intimate commentary, but they do not replace accomplish this “translation”—which relationship a reader can establish one. James Kugel’s The Bible As It is nothing other than to carry the with a text, it constitutes the most Was (1997) is a marvelous teaching text across the abyss lying between intensive form of reading possible. book and virtually the only one to the text’s original cultural context Such reading is the goal of all capture the playfulness of ancient and our own—requires more than a education, and there is no better way interpretation, but it is not so much mere rendering into English. to teach students how to read so about Rabbinic literature as it is a Nothing less than a commentary—be intensively and intimately than to guide to how early Biblical exegesis it oral or written—will suffice. make them translate. Translate and (including midrash) developed. explain their translation through an There are few textbooks to help The true exemplar for the type of accompanying commentary—why students. For Talmud, the only book translation which would serve the they have chosen such an equivalent even attempting to be a genuine needs of both beginning students and in English for the original word; why teaching book is Jacob Neusner’s non-expert instructors are the two they had to change the original Invitation to the Talmud (recently re- volumes of medieval Spanish-Hebrew syntax in order to be faithful to the issued 1998) which works through poetry that Raymond Scheindlin has original passage’s meaning; why they the eighth chapter of the tractate written, Wine, Women, and Death have had to diverge from the literal in Berakhot, moving systematically from (1986) and The Gazelle (1991). By order to preserve the life and energy Mishnah to Tosefta to the Palestinian doing a translation and essayistic of the original text. Who knows? and Babylonian Talmuds; while he commentary simultaneously—the They may even improve their provides the Hebrew texts, commentary addressing both the English! everything is also presented in original poem and its contexts, and translation, and the running on the translator’s choices including David Stern is the Ruth Meltzer commentary, though not perfect, is what in the original Hebrew he may Professor of Classical Hebrew at the nonetheless extraordinarily helpful. not have succeeded in conveying University of Pennsylvania. There is no truly comparable book through his translation—Scheindlin 11 Peretz’s struggle, to challenge the that produced a work, and to belief that their history or traditions encourage a range of different TEACHING make Yiddish-speakers necessarily perspectives. In Yiddish, this means pacifists or fools or comedians or conveying a literal, physical sense of FROM RIGHT simple or holy or any other different ways of perceiving. It is, essentialized characteristic. Our task for many of my students, surprising TO EFT is to evoke the cultural battles that merely to see the Yiddish alphabet, Anita NorichL led to Peretz’s pronouncement to imagine moving their heads in a about Yiddish, to reveal the passion different way around the page, to “Andersh volt mayn lid geklungen for the Yiddish word and the people know that meaning is conveyed in kh’zol far goyim goyish zingn” who spoke it that inspired his Yiddish by adding certain dots and outcry, to explore why he might dashes that are meaningless, and uch of my professional life have written these words in 1888 barely visible, to the English eye. (and, in truth, a good but erased them from the poem’s Peretz’s sense that Yiddish is Mdeal of my personal life) 1908 version, and to make our different has not only sociological has been devoted to understanding students care just as passionately implications, but aesthetic ones as these resonant lines from Y. L. about the varying interpretive well. Consider the “rekhtn” note Peretz’s and tone he “Monish.” “My missed in song [or my Yiddish. Like poem] would the English sound word “right,” differently,” rekht suggests wrote Peretz at both direction the beginning and aptness. of his literary He might have career, “if I asked, and we had sung for certainly non-Jews in a should be non-Jewish asking, what is language.” The considered rest is suitable, commentary. pleasing, Peretz went on possible when to lament the we change seeming direction and poverty of our angle of “zhargon,” the vision? What fact that it had Yiddish-English-Hebrew Dictionary by Alexander Harkavy. New York, 1988, reprint of the 1928 edition. about Courtesy of the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research. “keyn rekhtn changing our klang, keyn rekhtn ton” [no possibilities in these words. Though sense of the passage of time? Why right/proper note, no right/proper not in a Christian sense of suffering does it matter when English tone], lacked a vocabulary for love and the passion of Christ, Passion is replaces “Tammuz” with “summer,” or emotion, and was most apt for exactly the right word for the poem, or “Rosh Hashanah” with “the New uttering witticisms or expressions of since Peretz—anticipating more Year,” or “Shabbos Nakhamu” with suffering. Almost a century later, in recent literary theorists—equates “the Sabbath after the holiday of his Nobel Prize acceptance speech, sexual passion and sin with literary, Tisha B’av in which the Torah I. B. Singer would suggest that cultural passion which may be portion concerning consolation is Yiddish has no words for weapons another kind of equally consuming, read?” Or “non-Jews” for “goyim”? or war. Decades earlier, he had inescapable sin. pointed out just how many words The task of teaching in translation is Yiddish had for “fool.” One of our Surely the pedagogic work of complicated with respect to Yiddish tasks in teaching Yiddish in English literary scholars is to contextualize, not because Yiddish emerges within translation nowadays is to elaborate to offer a view of both the textual an interlinguistic community on Singer’s rhetorical flourish and traditions and material conditions embedded in an irreproducible 12 historical and religious reality that illustrative example may suffice. fervently and more realistically, that cannot be translated, but rather Kadya Molodovsky’s El Khanun our students would study the because Yiddish has become a (1945) ends with the line, “nem tsu language and read texts in their metonym for eastern European fun undz di skhine fun gaones.” original. And, indeed, a few are so Jewry and the world inspired by the destroyed within literature that they fading, but still-living THERE IS LITTLE JUSTICE IN TRANSLATION. THE turn to serious memory. How, our language study. The students will wonder, TREASURY OF YIDDISH STORIES AND POEMS NEVER majority who do not, can Peretz make such TRANSLATED INTO ANY LANGUAGE IS ENORMOUS. however, now have negative comments an increasing number about his own of excellent culture? Similar examples abound. Among the translations of this translations to read. In the academic Students often resist considering poem are two by the same hand. classroom, at the very least, these Peretz’s Bontshe Shvayg not merely When Irving Howe first published translations should be read and as a holy man rewarded for “God of Mercy” in 1969, he explicated alongside the Yiddish meekness but as a negative figure of translated this final line as “Take originals. In the absence of that Jewish stagnation and radical back the gift of our separateness.” longed-for Yiddishland, teaching passivity. The same is true when we When he republished it in 1987, it Yiddish in translation is not a note that Moyshe Leyb Halpern’s became “Take back the divine glory substitute for living in Yiddish. It is “My Zlochov” is not a nostalgic of our genius.” In the difference an entirely different enterprise, but poem about the author’s past, but, between those two versions, we can one whose significance depends on rather, castigates the hideous trace a number of fundamental being in constant conversation with perversions of family life he saw in changes in American Jewish culture: the authors who lived and wrote Eastern Europe. Malka Heifetz- the often aggressive assertion of there, and conducting some of that Tussman writes about women’s ethnic pride of the 1970s; the conversation in Yiddish. bodies and their unabashed desires. increasing turn to Jewish texts and Sholem Aleichem’s Tevye is never practices of these two decades; an Anita Norich is Associate Professor of really singing “Tradition” in evolving translation aesthetic English Language and Literature Yiddish. The list—all taken from my following the publication of and Judaic Studies at the own classroom experience—could significant works of translation University of Michigan. go on, but only to underscore the theory (e.g., the appearance in radical misreadings to which Yiddish English of Walter Benjamin’s “The literature is subject and the Task of the Translator” in 1969, Western protective gestures to which these and George Steiner’s After Babel in misreadings attest. 1975); the renewal of interest in Jewish Studies Yiddish internationally. In this sense, translation and Association interpretation are identical, products Teachers of Yiddish language wish of particular times and places that we could send our students to 11th Annual have a limited, though Yiddishland to live in the language Conference indeterminate, shelf life. There is and experience a different cultural little justice in translation. The sensibility. We feel a little silly when treasury of Yiddish stories and we assign our students the kinds of March 13-14, 2005 poems never translated into any conversational exercises that are the language is enormous. At the same staple of introductory language Arizona State time, there are a handful of authors courses. We ask them to practice University who have enjoyed many translators, asking for bus directions in Yiddish, often of the same text. One of the or to learn how to do their banking Tempe, Arizona most powerful pedagogic tools in Yiddish, or order in a restaurant, available to us now is a comparison or plan a romantic date, but we do For information please of these variant translations and the so self-consciously, with more than contact Lawrence Baron history they reveal of Jewish cultural a touch of irony. Every teacher of at [email protected] contact in the modern period. One Yiddish literature wishes, more

13 relate to Hebrew narrative and verse. When readers lack the background to TEACHING realize how extraordinary this literature is, it is crucial not just to HEBREW LITERATURE translate but to discuss Hebrew writing into English. IN TRANSLATION Fortunately, a number of recent Naomi Sokoloff publications address this need. Reading Hebrew Literature, edited by here’s good news and bad news accessible, for, as the editorial Alan Mintz (2003), presents several for those of us who teach introduction explains, Hebrew texts poems and short prose pieces (both in modern Hebrew literature in often need to be not just translated T Hebrew and English), along with translation. First, the good news: but “discussed into English.” discussions of each selection by three English translations have appeared in Otherwise, too much is lost in different scholars. This innovative abundance in the past few years. translation. The extensive allusions so format, introducing multiple voices Prominent among them are pieces of integral to Hebrew poetry, as well as and perspectives, adds a dynamic, fiction by contemporary women the way this poetry evokes traditional interpretive give-and-take that makes authors including Ronit Matalon, Orly contexts, are unfamiliar to many the texts come alive. David Jacobson’s Castel Bloom, Yehudit Hendel, readers of English. forthcoming book, Where are You? Savyon Liebrecht, and Alona Kimchi. We should note, too, that much of the Israeli Poets on God and Prayer (in In addition a number of texts that had excitement of modern Hebrew press), offers a series of close readings a major impact in Israel several literature lies in its unusual evolution and a number of new translations of decades back are now finally available and in the dramatic historical contexts poems that deal with faith and the in English. Appearing since 2003 are which fostered and were shaped by its language of prayer. Another study of such notable titles as Haim Be’er’s development. Transformed from an note is a detailed review essay of Only Feathers (Notsot, 1979), Yehoshua ancient language of prayer and Yesterday, prepared by Avraham Kenaz’ Infiltration (Hitganvut scripture into a contemporary spoken Holtz. Meticulously comparing Yehidim, 1986), and Aharon Meged’s tongue, Hebrew has helped bring Barbara Harshav’s English translation Foiglman (1988). Agnon’s magisterial about an astonishing cultural rebirth. to the novel as Agnon penned it, Temol Shilshom, from 1945, found its This remarkable history raises myriad Holtz unpacks numerous allusions and way into English at long last in the fascinating and ever-emerging explains references to eastern year 2000 as Only Yesterday. Happily, questions: How have belles lettres European Jewish culture of one there is now also a new supply of contributed to nation building? In hundred years ago. With his erudition anthologies and poetry collections. All what ways have creative writing and and eye for detail he constructs a of these are welcome additions to our film offered life-affirming responses to guide that will be useful even for bookshelves and syllabi. the Holocaust? What part have readers highly skilled in Hebrew. Perhaps even more important as a women played in the revival of a The pedagogical resources I’ve resource for the classroom are books language that for centuries was mentioned, which speak to a variety of that provide readings and considered the realm of men alone? students, will prove especially useful interpretations of Hebrew texts, How have popular genres such as for those relatively few who have together with the original pieces and detective fiction been written in what learned some Hebrew and are ready their English translations. One of the was once exclusively a sacred to taste a bit of the literature in the best known of these is The Modern language? As they build toward the original. These tools can also be Hebrew Poem Itself, which was future, how do writers compose helpful in reaching another, much published for the first time in 1965, literature for and about children? In larger group with far less previous issued in a revised version in 1989, the case of Hebrew literature, even knowledge of Hebrew, Israel, or and updated again in 2003. In it, each when particular texts are less than Judaism. Such students are now more Hebrew poem is accompanied by a masterful, all the forces, the likely than ever to come our way. At literal translation, a transliteration, and circumstances, and the events that North American universities, modern a commentary. The volume also brought them about and that animate Hebrew literature is often housed in contains a number of essays on the this writing make for an endlessly departments of Near Eastern studies, history of Hebrew poetry, prosody, riveting story. And this is precisely and, in the post–9/11 world, students and pronunciation. This approach what needs to be made explicit for our eagerly sign up for courses on makes the literature much more students, who often find it hard to 14 contemporary Middle Eastern politics, it also can foster a peculiarly skewed with literature composed since 1948— culture, and society. There are several introduction to Israel for those hence, dealing with texts that explore big obstacles to designing effective students without much background. discrepancies between the Zionist reading lists for this audience. No For example, the 1980s and 1990s dream and the realities, books at this time adequately fill the produced a tremendous creative boom disappointments, and moral dilemmas need for a survey of Israeli literature. in Hebrew writing, and far more titles of statehood. Representative Much of the English language literary from this period have found their way Palestinian writing of the same period criticism in the field is geared toward into translation than have earlier will more likely be filled with specialists, not toward undergraduates. writings. The recent literature is nationalistic yearnings and aspirations A pressing problem is a lack of known, however, for its intensely self- for an idealized statehood not yet sufficient biographies and monographs critical, post-Zionist stances, its achieved. Accordingly, a comparison on individual writers. This is the bad deconstruction of national myths, and of the two literatures should be news accompanying my initial approached only with a clear announcement of good news. awareness of this unevenness and the Without more secondary sources, kind of cross-cultural examination it especially ones designed with stands to yield. undergraduates in mind, all of these Altogether, in order for students to new translations of literary works will understand the Zionist project, its have limited impact. ideologies, and its histories (including Keep in mind, too, that the task of post-Zionism and other forms of equipping the field of modern dissent) we need more translations of Hebrew literature with effective literature from earlier eras. We also teaching aids has a special urgency. As need to promote cultural studies people often say, Israel reinvents itself approaches by including in our class every few years. Israeli culture changes materials such things as folksongs, so rapidly; the political developments folkdance, pop music, jokes, are so intense and sudden, the monuments, political speeches, transformations in attitudes, outlooks, children’s literature, and more. If we and literary expression so routinely are to encourage students to attain surprising, that it is difficult to keep nuanced understandings, it is up, much less to explain these Only Yesterday by S. Y. Agnon, trans. Barbara Harshav. imperative to paint a vivid picture of kaleidoscopic shifts to others. (One Princeton University Press, 2000. Israeli culture and the culture of the statistic, from the realm of books, Yishuv at many particular moments in challenges to founding ideologies. We helps illustrate this point: Israel has their history. And, of course, it is find ourselves in a delicate situation one of the highest per capita imperative to consider the complex, when students encounter a culture publishing rates in the world, and multifaceted relationships between first, or predominantly, through texts more than seven hundred novels are those developments and the which show it in the deepest throes of published in that country each year.) development of modern Hebrew self-doubt. Consequently, canon formation has literature, which has been so much a become an exceptionally daunting The fact that English-speaking part of Israeli history but which has task. At the same time, it is difficult to students are often exposed to Hebrew also had its own an extensive history convey to students what Israel was like literature in the context of in Europe and America as well. ten, fifteen, thirty, or fifty years ago— comparative Middle Eastern studies especially when students’ impressions prompts me to offer another word of Naomi Sokoloff is Professor of Near of the Middle East are formed caution as well. Courses on a variety of Eastern Languages and Civilization at primarily through CNN headlines. college campuses examine Israeli the University of Washington. literature in tandem with Arabic The challenges intensify due to the literature and, especially, with writing fact that many books quickly go out of by Palestinians. The intent is to offer print. Syllabi thus tend to be weighted equal time for opposing views on the toward more recent material. The Arab-Israeli conflict, but the result can resulting emphasis on new material be to create asymmetries rather than helps students share in the excitement parallels. Choosing a representative and enthusiasms of the moment, but Hebrew text usually means dealing 15 danger in writing a dissertation with an eye to book publication. Pure scholarly PUBLISHING THE needs should not be abandoned for market considerations. Most frequently, FIRST BOOK: however, dissertations are not so much book-ready, as centered on topics that lend themselves nicely to book A CONVERSATION manuscripts. But there is still substantial work to be done in order to shape the dissertation into a publishable book. WITH ERIC ZINNER Courtesy of New York University Press. Sara Horowitz And the whole question of voice needs to be revisited and reworked. One of the first projects facing new Ph.D.s in Jewish Studies is finding a Would you suggest that young scholars Should scholars wait until they have publisher for a book emerging from work on at least some preliminary completed the revisions before submitting dissertation research. Hoping to revisions before submitting their anything? demystify the process for young scholars, dissertation to publishers, or that they No, I don’t think so. I would suggest AJS Perspectives turned to Eric Zinner, submit the dissertation as is, and await writing a proposal letter—a letter of editorial director of New York some guidelines for revision? University Press. Beginning his career at inquiry that sets out what you hope Routledge, Zinner has been at NYU Generally speaking, it is a mistake to the project will be when finalized. Press for over eight years. His special submit a manuscript prematurely. With Write an engaging letter that shows interest is in literature, culture, media, the exception of a few hot shots, no clear thinking. When you write a letter American history, and American one is well served by sending out a raw of inquiry, it is important to explain studies, including many Jewish studies dissertation. There is almost always a why you’ve selected that particular projects, and just about “anything significant time gap between the press. Keep in mind that an smart.” In conversation with Sara R. writing of a dissertation and the acquisitions editor looks at hundreds of Horowitz, Zinner offers helpful advice to publication of a book. manuscripts. Some of those new and seasoned authors. manuscripts are a good fit with the What advice can you give to someone press, and some are not. Scholars SRH: What is the difference between a looking to revise a dissertation? submitting a proposal to the press dissertation and a publishable book In a dissertation, I look first for the core should be clear that they know what manuscript? of a future book. For example, a the press has published in their area. They might name specific book titles EZ: Certain core components of a historical exploration of a narrow period that made them turn to this press. If dissertation don’t belong in a book, for might raise an intriguing issue that you are submitting a sample chapter, example, an exhaustive review of should be explored more broadly; select it wisely. Your writing should be secondary literature. But there are also revision gives scholars an opportunity to able to draw in readers, to engage a more subtle issues that distinguish amplify their dissertation around such broader audience. It might be useful to most dissertations from a more themes. Turn to your mentors to aid in consult books on getting published. polished book. Someone writing a opening up your dissertation. Obviously One good choice is Getting it dissertation is in the process of the quality of the writing is also Published (2001) by William Germano, developing a facility and an expertise in paramount. For scholarly books, writing a long-time editor. a particular topic. More than that, the is not the final determinative factor— dissertation writer is discovering his or outside readers evaluate scholarship— How can an author know which presses her own voice. When you read a but felicitous prose helps a lot. are most appropriate? dissertation that has not yet been I would strongly advise new scholars to revised for publication, it is usually easy It is not difficult to find out which have an awareness of the academic editors are interested in what kinds of to see what was written early on, and publishing market before sending off what was written as the dissertation projects. Just look at your own the manuscript. Of late, more bookshelf. Your book will fit in with the neared completion—this, despite the dissertations emerge ready to be fact that often the chapters were not books that you’ve bought for your own published as books. In part, this is interests. Use the web to see where the written in the order in which they because their advisors are more appear. In revising a dissertation, most people doing good work in your field publishing savvy. They recognize the have published. The Association of scholars find they need to jettison their immense pressures on new scholars to earliest work. American University Presses, our publish early. There is, of course, some umbrella organization, publishes a 16 guidebook to member presses, mail, especially if unsolicited. Use why multiple submissions make sense, including who’s who and areas of university letterhead; where an author is so a proposal is not held up for too long interest of presses and editors writing from enters into an editor’s first at one press. When a press only accepts (aaupnet.org). Another good resource is impression. Of course, a really good solo submissions, an author has the the Literary Marketplace (LMP), which project will get noticed no matter where right to expect a speedy response. lists and details all domestic publishers its author is based. Once initial contact What happens next depends on the (www.literartmarketplace.com). has been made, further correspondence readers’ reports. They may raise is often through e-mail. Is it acceptable to write to several fundamental scholarly or audience issues publishers at once, or should one submit What else can young scholars do to get a that indicate that the project is not for to one press at a time, and wait for a press interested in publishing their book the press. They may be generally response before writing to another press? project? supportive but with suggestions for further development. The author will be Each press has its own standards Don’t be shy. Many scholars are not asked to respond to the reports. He or regarding multiple submissions. I think good self-promoters. But to get your she can accept the suggestions or refute it is fine to write to several publishers at book published—and this does not them. If the readers’ reports applaud the once, especially given the pressure on apply only to a first book—you have to core of the project, the editor would untenured scholars to publish early. promote your work. People need to be take the proposal to the editorial The key is transparency. Let the presses aggressive to position their work. committee together with the author’s know what you are doing by indicating Quote from favorable comments made response. Or, if the reports raise too it in your letter of inquiry. I am not by people who have read your many issues, but ones that the editor prejudiced against a scholar who lets manuscript. In the case of published believes the author can address, the me know that he or she has submitted authors, it is a good idea to quote author might be asked to revise and a proposal to two or three presses. But from reviews of previous books. resubmit the project. I become less interested if I get the What about personal contact with sense that the proposal has gone out to When a manuscript is accepted, what acquisition editors? the universe, because this tells me that should the author expect during the the writer doesn’t have strong ideas Very useful. The primary way to do editing process? about where to go with it. that is to use academic conferences to The acquiring editor will review the meet editors. That’s why we go. It’s a Would it be useful to use the services of project first, sometimes weighing in big part of the business that goes on at an agent to get a first book published? heavily, sometimes with only a few learned society meetings. Set up spare comments. Copyeditors will do Editors of academic presses deal with meetings with editors in advance of the true line editing, addressing structural agents, but we are primarily in direct conference. Learned societies help their issues, grammar, word choices, contact with authors. It is certainly not members by letting them know in proofing, check for consistency of necessary to go through an agent, and advance which presses will have a notation, see that there are no floating it is rare for a first book to come presence. Write to editors whose references, etc. The quality of writing through an agent. presses interest you. It is better to have and overall readability will be an appointment than to show up at a Are personal referrals important? improved. If the book is intended for a press’s booth and hope to catch an general audience, the involvement of They can be useful. Keep in mind the editor. I will have those impromptu the acquiring editor will tend to be sheer volume of material editors receive. conversations at conventions, but they more extensive. We look for shortcuts that will help us are not the most useful. identify the manuscripts we want to In the happy event that a scholar is Once a press has agreed to consider a publish. If a published author of the offered a book contract, is there much book project, what should a scholar press referred you, say so. If a room for negotiating the terms? expect to happen? manuscript has been recommended by Publishers have a fairly set idea of the someone we know, we take note of it The general timetable would be terms of the contract, but there is differently than when something arrives something like this: within four weeks of certainly no harm in trying to from someone we’ve never heard of. Be submitting a proposal, expect some kind negotiate. If more than one press is creative—if you have stellar comments of response. If a full or partial interested, the author can be in a good from important dissertation committee manuscript is sent to readers for review, bargaining position. members, use them. we aim to receive their reports within two months. It is at this stage, however, What about e-mail submissions? Sara Horowitz is Associate Professor of where timing can break down, because Jewish Studies at York University. I prefer hard copy submissions to e- some readers take more time. This is 17 incompatible formats, digital rights PERSPECTIVES ON TECHNOLOGY management, archiving, access, enhanced features, and content. More and more institutions, ELECTRONIC BOOKS libraries, consortiums, publishers, vendors, and even individuals are IN THE ACADEMIC WORLD beginning to create electronic book collections, but the number of AND THE IMPLICATIONS books for use in Jewish studies is still small. FOR JEWISH STUDIES There has been much discussion on Heidi G. Lerner how to bring scholarly monographs magine that you are teaching access, it has also encouraged the into the digital environment. One Jewish literature in translation. development of new technologies to of the first projects for creating a IVery possibly you will make electronic texts an effective digital library was Project incorporate as a text Robert medium for publishers and libraries Gutenberg started by Michael Hart Singerman’s Jewish Translation to serve the scholarly community. in the 1970s (www.promo.net/pg). History: a Bibliography of Today it includes more than 10,000 Bibliographies and Studies (2002). A e-books produced by hundreds of search in your library’s catalog volunteers. These books are mostly directs you to the book on the shelf older literary works in the public via a classification number. In domain. All submissions must be addition, the catalog record accompanied by proof that Project contains a note, “Also available to Gutenberg may legally distribute [your university’s] affiliates at the book, and with confirmation of eBrary.” In other words, this book its copyright status. Whenever is available electronically via a possible, Project Gutenberg commercial vendor to your distributes a plain text version of an institution’s users on their electronic book. Other formats are computers. also accepted, but plain text is the “lowest common denominator.” Books have been available Text files are accessible on all “electronically” for more than computers and have demonstrated twenty years via CD-ROMs, longevity which acts as insurance diskettes, and other technologies. against future obsolescence. All These works have not historically works may be freely downloaded had much popular success, as the Shaar Hamelech by Rabbi Meyer Blumenfeld. and read, and redistributed for non- interfaces have not offered a Kew Garden Hills, NY, 1979. Courtesy of www.hebrewbooks.org commercial use. Titles are pleasant environment for reading searchable by author, title, note, The advantages of electronic books long texts when compared to subject, language, file type, and are clear and abundant: the text is looking at a printed page. Library of Congress classification always there and accessible Electronic versions of number. bibliographies, citation indexes, regardless of time or place, and dictionaries, encyclopedias, editions will not go out of print. Project Gutenberg inspired Project abstracting and indexing services, Features can include full-text Ben-Yehudah (benyehuda.org). This and even journals have been much searching, changeable fonts, volunteer-supported project started more successful. hyperlinks that link to related by Asaf Bartov of Tel Aviv resources within and beyond University, “aims to make accessible The advent of the Internet has documents, note-taking, etc. The the classics of Hebrew literature provided an avenue of distribution availability of this format in the (poetry and prose at first, and then for electronic books (e-books) and academic environment is still essays, etc.) to the reader of texts that was unimaginable until a limited, however, as libraries and Hebrew, amateurs and scholars.” All few years ago. The Internet not institutions grapple with issues such that is required to view these works only offers a universal means of as standards, proprietary and is an Internet browser that supports

18 Hebrew with diacritics such as their reliability and accuracy. collection consists of more than Internet Explorer 5.0 (or higher). 11,000 digital images. Users can More and more academic libraries Texts are entered manually via a navigate easily through the and large national repositories are word processor and then converted collection and the individual converting their printed book into Hypertext Markup Language editions. Brief descriptions of the collections into digital formats. (HTML), and uploaded to the books are provided, and each entry These collections are in various Web site. This method was selected has a link to the full text of the stages of development. Of crucial because it enables full-text description with annotations and to importance is the need for these searching. This feature would not the pages of the book itself. institutions to have a centralized be possible if texts were scanned mechanism so that they can record The Jewish National and University and loaded as image files. Optical information such as which items Library (JNUL) in Jerusalem is Character Recognition (OCR) have been or are about to be planning a major project to scan software is not being used since it digitized, where and how they can out-of-print books to enhance does not adequately support be accessed, and what technical preservation and security in house, vocalized Hebrew. So far, selections standards and specifications have as well as to provide outside access. include works by Uri Gnessin, been followed. The Digital Library The project will begin with 5,000 Rahel, Shelomoh ibn Gabirol, Federation (DLF, diglib.org) has rare titles. Yehudah Leyb Gordon, David taken the initiative to create a Frishman, Abraham Ibn Ezra, Consortia and collaborations have registry of digital formats that all Abraham Regelson, Ahad Ha’am, also been formed to promote the participating institutions may Eliezer Ben-Yehudah, and a host of production of electronic books. As a contribute to and use. National others. response to the relatively small libraries and archives, number of titles available The number of other publicly bibliographical networks, and major electronically in the humanities and accessible databases of electronic universities in the U.S., Canada, and social sciences, the American Hebrew texts is still small and these the United Kingdom have shown Council of Learned Societies are mostly scriptural or religious in some early interest in this project. (ACLS, www.historyebook.org) orientation. These include Mechon In 2000, the Bibliothèque nationale initiated the History E-book Mamre, which provides the Tanakh de France (BNF) issued the largest Project. This project aims to offer in Hebrew in four different single library available online. The both new titles in electronic format editions, and an edition of BNF made available to the public (eighty-five history titles through Maimonides’ Mishneh Torah more than 35,000 volumes from 2004), and also digitally convert (mechon-mamre.org). the Middle Ages through the early retrospective history titles. These HebrewBooks.org is a project to twentieth century on its Gallica titles are searchable by author, title, preserve old Hebrew books Web site (gallica.bnf.fr). Multiple and subject, as well as full-text. The published in the U.S. that are no search criteria are available in number of Jewish studies titles longer in print or circulation Gallica: author, title words, date, available at this Web site is very (hebrewbooks.org). More than subject, and the full-text of the limited. 1,200 works of American rabbinica catalog entries. Researchers visiting have been scanned, and are The California Digital Library the Web site can access a wide range currently available to the public in (CDL, www.cdlib.org) is a of retrospective texts in the areas of Portable Document Format (PDF) collaborative effort of the ten Jewish history, language, religion, as well as for downloading and campuses of the University of and society including works by printing. Other freely accessible California. Among its offerings is Julius Furst, Jacob Guttman, Elijah sources of online Jewish texts can the eScholarship Editions Levita, Johannes Buxtorf, Josephus, be located via Jewish studies (texts.cdlib.org/escholarship), Maurice Vernes, Bartolocci, and resource pages and reference guides. which provides a growing collection many other texts from the sixteenth As in the above examples, texts are of electronic editions of academic to the nineteenth centuries. usually submitted to these databases monographs, a significant number either via scanning (sometimes with The Bibliotheca Rosenthalia is of which are freely available to the OCR), or by simply keying in the digitizing its holdings of works by public. Current offerings in Jewish text. The advantages of these Menasseh ben Israel (cf.uba.uva.nl/ studies number about fifty to sixty public-domain databases are clear. en/collections/rosenthaliana/ titles. eScholarship uses Extensible In tandem with their ease of access, menasseh). The electronic version Markup Language (XML) and Java- however, there are concerns over of the Menasseh ben Israel based technologies to support its 19 electronic editions. What this means and those of the end-users. These into the digital environment. The is that the structure and meaning of texts are usually “published” in a number of titles of importance to a document can be specified by tags proprietary format that may require Jewish studies is limited and narrow that enable sophisticated searching reformatting or scanning of the in scope. It is imperative that Jewish and displays. CDL uses tags defined print version to conform to the studies scholars including by the Text Encoding Initiative requirements of a particular publishers, academics, and librarians (TEI, www.tei-c.org), an vendor’s system. Texts found in join together to coordinate the international project set up “to eBrary are offered in a proprietary planning and development of develop guidelines for the PDF format, allowing for the standards for selecting, accessing, preparation and interchange of original look and layout of the book describing, and archiving their electronic texts.” to be maintained. The texts are important books in an electronic acquired directly from publishers environment. Increasingly over the past three or and sold to libraries rather than to four years, printed texts have begun individual users. Its list of publishers Heidi G. Lerner is the to be packaged and offered includes many of the leading Hebraica/Judaica Cataloger at commercially as electronic books. academic presses. A simple subject Stanford University Libraries. Commercial vendors such as eBrary, search in eBrary reveals 56 titles netLibrary, and Questia accompany under Judaism, 65 under Jews, 69 their texts with an array of research under Jewish, 3 under Hebrew, and tools including dictionaries, 5 under Yiddish. encyclopedias, and other features. There is not, as of yet, a single More and more institutions, accepted standard for commercially commercial publishers, consortia, produced electronic monographs and individuals are taking the that serve both publishers’ needs initiative to move printed books

CENTER FOR JUDAIC STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF DENVER WOMEN’S STUDIES IN RELIGION PROGRAM ASSISTANT PROFESSOR HARVARD UNIVERSITY, THE DIVINITY SCHOOL Position # 000578 Harvard Divinity School announces several full-time The University of Denver’s Center for Judaic Studies and positions as Research Associate and Visiting Faculty Department of Religious Studies seeks a dual appointment tenure-track assistant professor to begin September 2005. The in Women’s Studies in Religion for 2005-2006. Full- applicant should be prepared and qualified to function as a time residence during the ’05-’06 academic year while member of Religious Studies and be able to teach introductory conducting individual research projects and teaching a and advanced courses in classical Jewish texts and Hebrew Bible related one-semester course in the appropriate as well as broader courses in Religious Studies. Ph.D., teaching Divinity School department: Hebrew Bible, New experience and record of scholarly activity preferred. Review of Testament, History of Christianity, History of applicants will begin October 15, 2004 and will continue until the Religion, Theology, Ethics, or Religion and Society. position is filled. Initial interviews will take place at the American Open to candidates with doctorates in religion, to Academy of Religion Meeting and the Association for Jewish those with primary competence in other fields of the Studies Meeting. Please send a letter of interest (mention the humanities and the social sciences who have serious Human Resources position number 000578 in your correspondence), C.V., three letters of reference, and a short interest in religion, and to leading religion writing sample to: Professor David Shneer, Chair of the Search professionals with equivalent achievements. Salary: Committee, Center for Judaic Studies, University of Denver, 2000 $40,000 plus benefits. Completed applications must E. Asbury #157, Denver CO 80208. be received by November 15, 2004. Information and applications may be requested from Dr. Ann Braude, The University of Denver is committed to enhancing the diversity Director of Women’s Studies in Religion, Harvard of its faculty, staff, the university community, and curriculum and Divinity School, 45 Francis Avenue, Cambridge, MA encourages applications from women, persons of color, persons 02138, or accessed at www.hds.harvard.edu/wsrp. with disabilities and veterans.

For a complete listing of Positions in Jewish Studies see the AJS website at www.brandeis.edu/ajs. 20 The Center for Jewish History in New York is pleased to welcome its 2004 Fellows to the Lillian Goldman Reading Room, where they will conduct dissertation research during this forthcoming academic year:

Amy Blau, University of Illinois Mia S. Bruch, Stanford University Tamar Kaplan Appel, University of Pennsylvania Julie G. Lieber, University of Pennsylvania Edward A. Portnoy, Jewish Theological Seminary Daniel B. Schwartz, Columbia University.

Guidelines for 2005 CJH Fellowship applications follow:

The Center for Jewish History (CJH) fellowships, that represent each of the five constituents (American Jewish Historical Society; American Sephardi Federation; Leo Baeck Institute; Yeshiva University Museum; YIVO Institute for Jewish Research), are intended for academic candidates as well as museum, curatorial, and library science candidates. The awards support original research in the field of Jewish Studies, as it pertains to one or more of the constituent organizations’ missions, in which preference may be given to those candidates who will draw on the resources of more than one collection. Each fellowship* carries a stipend of a minimum of $10,000 for a period of one academic year. It is expected that applicants will have completed all requirements for the doctoral degree save the dissertation (a.b.d.).

It is required that each fellow chosen for the award: Conduct research or cultivate curatorial skills using the Center archival and library resources for the duration of the stipend; Participate in a Center for Jewish History Seminar and deliver a minimum of one lecture (during or beyond the grant period) based on research at the Center and the collections used; Or participate in exhibition planning (for curatorial fellows only).

Eligibility: Open to qualified doctoral candidates in accredited institutions.

Requirements for Application:

Curriculum Vitae Area of interest and knowledge of relevant languages Official graduate school transcript Specific research/curatorial proposal Three letters of recommendation.

Deadline for Applications February 1, 2005

For Complete Details, see http://www.cjh.org/academic/Fellowship/summary.html

Applications are to be mailed to the attention of Diane Spielmann, Director of Public Services at the Center for Jewish History, 15 West 16th Street, New York, NY 10011; (e-mail contact: [email protected])

*We anticipate up to six awards for 2005.

21 collaboration of four major research institutions—the American Jewish THE 350TH ANNIVERSARY Historical Society, the Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish OF AMERICAN JEWISH LIFE Archives, the Library of Congress, and Jonathan D. Sarna the National Archives and Records Administration—promises “to honor istorical markers like the 350th Rosenberg had been executed as spies, the past, celebrate the present and anniversary of American the tercentenary linked Jews with anticipate the future of Jewish HJewish life can serve as America’s highest value—freedom— communal life in North America.” “teachable moments”—all-too-rare and downplayed Jewish radicalism and opportunities to reach beyond the dissension in the Jewish ranks. The One point nevertheless stands out. In academy and excite a larger public goal, as American Jews moved out to an era when most people view Jewish about what it is that we do. Most suburbia and battled for equality, was history in lachrymose terms, as a importantly, they help us to advance to underscore their similarity to “all history of persecution, expulsion, our fields by stimulating scholarship Americans.” Much of what was tragedy, mass-murder, and now terror, and making possible a wide range of produced was thoroughly apologetic. American Jewry as portrayed in the conferences that (at their best) 350th anniversary stands as the great promote creative ideas and lively academic interactions. Of course, anniversaries can also make us queasy. As “pride of heritage” and “love of country” become the dominant tropes, accuracy, objectivity, and dispassion (not to speak of the hermeneutics of suspicion) seem inevitably to give way to filiopietism, boosterism, and even embarrassing anachronisms. This year marks the third time that the American Jewish community is celebrating its anniversary on American soil. The first time, back in 1905, the lawyers who headed the community insisted on observing not the arrival of the Jews, but the right granted them to “travel,” “trade,” “live,” and Bootblack stand in New York City, busy on Jewish “remain.” Tempered by news of New Year, September, 1905. Photo by Bain News Service, N.Y.C. Courtesy of the Library of Congress. vicious pogroms that had devastated Jewish communities in Tsarist Russia, Celebrate 350 (www.celebrate350.org), the 250th served, in the end, as an the national coordinating occasion for Jews to express their organization for the gratitude to America and as a platform commemoration, “provides from which they advocated for resources, stimulates ideas, and links continued free immigration from the many projects, programs, and eastern Europe. enterprises marking the event,” but it Forty-nine years later, at the maintains no firm agenda of its own. tercentenary of Jewish settlement, in It is as diverse, pluralistic, and 1954, the central theme, “Man’s multifocused as the American Jewish Opportunities and Responsibilities community itself. The Commission Under Freedom,” was a product of the for Commemorating 350 Years of pre-feminist cold war era. Coming as it American Jewish History Jews praying on the Brooklyn Bridge in New York City on the Jewish New Year, c. 1905-1915. did just a year after Julius and Ethel (www.350th.org), a pioneering Courtesy of the Library of Congress. 22 exception. Indeed, the anniversary Congress’s Web site American Jewish History in provides an opportunity to explore (www.loc.gov/exhibits) and most Philadelphia, to be built on the mall, how Jews have fared under freedom items may be downloaded for opposite the Liberty Bell and the new within a pluralistic society where instructional purposes. A well- Constitution Center; see church and state are separated and illustrated catalogue, with essays by www.nmajh.org. religion is entirely voluntary. The many of the foremost scholars in the A great many cultural programs are central questions posed by scholars of field, accompanies the exhibition. being planned for the 350th the American Jewish experience reflect The Jewish Theological Seminary’s anniversary. The 92nd Street Y in New these themes, and serve as a challenge exhibition for the 350th anniversary, York has commissioned lectures, to much of contemporary Jewish entitled “People of Faith, Land of concerts, and a special dance historiography. Promise,” also makes available performance; see www.92y.org for wonderful primary materials in From the perspective of those who details. Some of these programs will be teach American Jewish history, the broadcast live via satellite, with prior 350th commemoration has provided a arrangements. The National pedagogical windfall. The two major Foundation for Jewish Culture likewise Web sites created for the 350th— lists a variety of sponsored events, www.celebrate350.org and including a new listing of plays of www.350th.org—provide a wide range Jewish interest and a tribute to the of instructional resources, including American Jewish experience by the time lines, reading lists, scholarly renowned choreographer, Paul Taylor articles, primary sources, and more. (see www.jewishculture.org/ Other invaluable resources, as well as programs/350). National Public Radio links, may be found on the Web sites will broadcast a series of special radio of the American Jewish Historical programs dealing with American Society (www.ajhs.org), the Jacob Jewish history; subsequently, they, too, Rader Marcus Center of the American will be available on the Web. In Jewish Archives addition, the Jewish Theological (www.americanjewisharchives.org), Seminary, in conjunction with Diva the Jewish Women’s Archive “The Modern Moses of War-Stricken Europe - Communications, has produced a Herbert Hoover. He led Israel out of the slavery of www.(jwa.org), and Jewish-American starvation and despair.” Courtesy of the Library of television show entitled “Legacy of History on the Web (www.Jewish- the Jewish Theological Seminary. Our Ancestors: 350th Anniversary history.com). Celebration of Early Jewish America,” American Jewish history. The which was broadcast on ABC and is Numerous exhibitions are being exhibition catalogue was published by now available on video. planned for the 350th, some of which the Seminary Library and an online will live on through the Internet. By version of the exhibition is available at Finally, marking the 350th anniversary far the most important exhibition, www.jtsa.edu/library/exhib/pof. In promises to advance scholarship sponsored by the Commission for addition, the highly acclaimed through a bountiful number of Commemorating 350 Years of exhibition on the Jews of South conferences. The Seventh Annual American Jewish History, is entitled Carolina entitled “A Portion of the Scholars’ Conference in American “From Haven to Home” and opened People,” sponsored by the Jewish Jewish History, held in June at in the Great Hall of the Library of Historical Society of South Carolina, American University and the Library of Congress on September 8, later the College of Charleston, and the Congress, brought together more than traveling to Cincinnati, New York, Los McKissick Museum, will become one hundred scholars for a diverse and Angeles, and possibly other venues. available on the Web during the 350th lively program; for a description of the This mammoth exhibition displays the anniversary year. The New York Public conference and a list of the sessions see wide-ranging American Jewish history Library, too, has announced an www.350th.org/history/sc.html. The treasures of the Library of Congress as exhibition, to be mounted by its Dorot Jewish Theological Seminary hosted well as selected items from other Jewish Division. Entitled “Jews in two conferences: a pathbreaking commission institutions. It features not America: Conquistadors, conference on American Jewish Music only rare books, documents, and Knickerbockers, Pilgrims and the in November 2003 entitled “Only in photographs, but also unusual sound Hope of Israel,” it will focus mainly on America” that marked the opening of and film clips. The entire exhibition seventeenth-century developments. the Milken Archive of American Jewish will be posted at the Library of The year will also see ground broken Music (www.milkenarchive.org), and an for the new National Museum of 23 academic conference entitled history (Brandeis University and the Web sites, lies the hope that in the “Imagining the American Jewish American Jewish Committee), are wake of this year’s “teachable Community” in March 2004 slated to take place during 2004–2005, moment,” the study of American (www.jtsa.edu/350/imagining.shtml). along with other conferences at Boston Jewish history itself will gain Conferences dealing with such University, Northeastern University, heightened significance, sparking new neglected subjects as American Jews in and elsewhere. interest in the field among scholars and non-scholars alike.

THE COMBINATION OF SCHOLARLY EXERTION, EDUCATIONAL Jonathan D. Sarna is the Joseph H. & Belle R. Braun Professor of American IMMERSION, AND POPULAR PROMOTION THAT Jewish History at Brandeis University. CHARACTERIZES THE 350TH ANNIVERSARY COMMEMORATION PROMISES TO LEAVE A LASTING LEGACY.

The combination of scholarly exertion, business (Temple University), American educational immersion, and popular Jewish foodways (George Washington promotion that characterizes the 350th University), American Jewish popular anniversary commemoration promises culture (Creighton University), and the to leave a lasting legacy. Beyond the meaning of the American Jewish tangible products created, which experience for American and Jewish include books, articles, exhibitions, and

To advertise in AJS Perspectives, please contact the AJS office by e-mail at [email protected] or by telephone at (917) 606-8249. Visit our website at www.brandeis.edu/ajs for prices and specifications.

Important, Powerful Reading Deadly Medicine Creating the Master Race dieter kuntz & susan bachrach, editors This compelling visual and documentary record examines the Nazis’ murder- ous “racial hygiene” programs, which culminated in the Holocaust. Includes many never-before-published photos and color images from rare publications. Accompanies an exhibit at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, through mid-October 2005. Distributed for the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum oversize, 240 pp., 270 illus. $45.00 cloth

—new in paperback— Theresienstadt Hitler’s Gift to the Jews norbert troller Translated by Susan E. Cernyak-Spatz; Edited by Joel Shatzky; Foreword by Sylvia Axelrod Herskovitz “A chilling and eloquent account of daily life in the Theresienstadt ghetto as well as a heroic story of survival.”—Sybil Milton 224 pp., 28 illus. $18.95 paper

the university of north carolina press at bookstores or 800-848-6224 | www.uncpress.unc.edu

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25 biographies of women of THE JEWISH WOMEN’S ARCHIVE: achievement ranging from PORTAL TO A Rebecca Gratz to Emma Goldman. ICHER MERICAN EWISH AST The inclusion of KarlaR Goldman A J P digitized primary documents or almost ten years the Jewish community and experience. These (drawn from a range of relevant Women’s Archive (JWA) has advances of scholarship have led to the archives and published sources) within Fbeen working to enrich popular creation of important and powerful the Web sites offer students the and scholarly understandings of the new resources. Most notably, the opportunity to move beyond the American Jewish past. The 350th historical encyclopedia Jewish Women JWA’s narrative to their own anniversary of American Jewish in America, edited by Paula Hyman encounter with some of the words, communal life being marked in 2004 and Deborah Dash Moore (1998), images, and artifacts that defined the and 2005 frames this effort with offers an unparalleled resource to women being presented. particular urgency. As this teachers and students seeking basic These online exhibitions can spur commemoration challenges Americans data about hundreds of American further research or provide the context to come to terms with the significance Jewish women and women’s and sources necessary for students to of Jewish historical organizations that have shaped prepare their own experience in the analysis of the United States, ...JWA SEEKS TO PROVIDE EDUCATORS WITH ACCESSIBLE archival documents JWA seeks to presented. The provide educators RESOURCES THAT CAN ENGAGE THEIR STUDENTS IN A richness and web- with accessible effectiveness of resources that can MEANINGFUL ENCOUNTER WITH [THE] PAST. these biographies engage their lend themselves to a students in a meaningful encounter America and American Jewish life. variety of often surprising uses. For with this past. And yet despite this work and instance, AJS member Steven Weiland, substantial scholarship devoted to professor of education at Michigan A look at previous commemorations American Jewish women’s history, lack State University, reports using the emphasizes the importance of of direct access to the materials that JWA “Women of Valor” exhibitions integrating women’s stories and yield women’s stories can make it for an online course entitled “Adult contributions into the narrative of difficult for educators to bring these Career Development.” Beyond the American Jewish life that we share narratives to bear in their teaching. with our students and communities. Web sites, JWA “Women of Valor” During the 300th celebrations in The Jewish Women’s Archive builds posters invite viewers to further 1954–55, scholars and popularizers upon the availability of published consider these historic women of showed that it is possible to present volumes by providing online access to achievement. the history of American Jews with a variety of rigorously researched JWA’s growing Virtual Archive offers little attention to women. In 1954 resources that can deepen students’ an online searchable database of Emma Lazarus was virtually the only study and understanding of Jewish information of archival collections woman who was necessary to include women’s lives (www.jwa.org). These around North America that relate to in the tercentenary’s cold war narrative resources enrich the study of Jewish the lives and activities of Jewish of “Man’s Opportunities and women, whether historic or women. The Virtual Archive can Responsibilities Under Freedom.” contemporary, extraordinary or guide students to relevant sources for ordinary. Since that time, particularly over the primary research. Even for those last thirty years, scholars of Jewish JWA’s online “Women of Valor” students who will not be venturing women’s history have been working exhibitions feature women who out to physical archives, the range of steadily to change our picture of the transformed their fields or biographical information on hundreds past. Their work has revealed the communities as they took on roles and of women included in the Virtual centrality of women’s contributions responsibilities previously closed to Archive can provide an introduction to and lives in shaping American Jewish women. These exhibits offer succinct the diversity of Jewish women’s

26 careers and achievements in North these interviews are also attuned to activism and public voice at the end of America. capturing the rhythms and patterns of the nineteenth century. Published women’s lives. JWA’s soon-to-be- between 1895 and 1899, The Other JWA programs and resources available guide to conducting American Jewess reflected publisher expose students to the diversity of gendered oral histories with Jewish Rosa Sonneschein’s iconoclastic takes contemporary Jewish women’s lives. women can teach students how to on issues that included women’s JWA’s online “Women Who Dared” elicit this kind of narrative, offering changing roles in American society exhibition illuminates the and Jewish community, grassroots experience of Zionism, and the dangers more than forty women or advantages of bicycle who have worked for riding for women. It also social justice in offers compelling Baltimore, Chicago, and evidence of the ways in Boston. This exhibition which American Jews showcases these women’s tried to understand own reflections on their Jewish women’s place work and on how their within contemporary identity as Jews and as American constructions of women has informed race and gender. Text and their social activism in a images from The range of fields that American Jewess offer include the fight for civil both instructors and rights for African students a valuable Americans, women, gays, resource for considering prisoners, and Soviet and American Jewish life at Ethiopian Jews; issues of the end of the nineteenth Middle East and world century. peace; the environment; youth empowerment; A brief exploration of public and women’s JWA’s Web site will reveal health concerns; and these and other resources fighting domestic including a range of violence. substantive features JWA’s national oral directly related to the history project, “Weaving 350th anniversary. The Women’s Words,” moves current commemoration beyond understanding challenges educators to how women’s careers convey the complexity and achievements fit into and richness of Jewish the context of their lives, experience in North to a focus on the totality America. JWA offers faculty flexible, accessible, of women’s life Cover of The American Jewess, April, 1865. experiences. The Published by the Rosa Sonneschein Co., Chicago. and compelling resources transcripts of JWA’s Courtesy of the Jewish Women’s Archive. with which to meet this interviews with a diverse range of instruction on how to conduct challenge as we seek to do justice to women from Baltimore, Seattle, and interviews in a professional manner, the advances of current scholarship Boston grant access to women, while noting the life events and and the historical and contemporary whether politicians, professionals, experiences that often distinguish diversity of American Jewish life. teachers, housewives, religious school women’s lives from men’s. teachers, mikveh attendants, or Karla Goldman is Finally, beginning this fall, JWA will be saleswomen, whose lives have spanned Historian-in-Residence offering full, searchable online access the twentieth century. at the Jewish Women’s Archive. to The American Jewess, a rich primary Beyond capturing the diversity of source that captures a crucial moment Jewish women in a given community, in the emergence of Jewish women’s 27 WE REMEMBER OUR COLLEAGUES 1969 to the Department of Art in this, as on other subjects. History at Wayne State University. JOSEPH Joseph Gutmann received many Joseph Gutmann was among the grants, awards, and honors, most important scholars of Jewish organized conferences on a wide GUTMANN art of the twentieth century, long range of topics, and contributed to the doyen of Jewish art historians in many collective volumes and series. 1923–2004 America. His wide-ranging interests In 1999 Evelyn Cohen published a Steven Fine stretched from the Biblical period to bibliography of more than 200 of Robert Seltzer American Jewish artists, with special his articles, books, and edited concern for the Dura Europos volumes, and additional publications synagogue (in eastern Syria), have appeared subsequently. Among medieval manuscript illuminations, his most influential works are the iconography of biblical legends, Beauty in Holiness (1970), No Jewish ceremonial art, and the Graven Images: Studies in Art and history of Ashkenazic customs. the Hebrew Bible (1971), The Dura Gutmann’s primary concern was Europos Synagogue (1973), and always to elucidate the relationships Hebrew Manuscript Painting between Jewish art, Jewish (1978). Professor Gutmann’s literature, and general art and contextual approach is expressed in culture. His studies of ancient, his many essays, many of which medieval, and modern Jewish art were collected in Sacred Images: are marked by a comprehensive Studies in Jewish Art from Antiquity control of the literature of his field, to the Middle Ages (1989). In 2002 immense erudition, and a clear he published a memoir, My Life of sightedness. His approach is Jewish Learning: In Search of Jewish exemplified pointedly by his Art (2002). May the memory of rofessor Joseph Gutmann died rejection of a hypothesis that until Joseph Gutmann be a blessing. of cancer on February 1, quite recently was regnant in Jewish P2004, in Detroit, Michigan. art scholarship: the Princeton art Steven Fine is the Jewish Foundation He is survived by his wife Marilyn historian Kurt Weitzmann’s theory Professor of Judaic Studies at the and two children, David and that there was direct continuity University of Cinncinati. Sharon. Born in Wurzburg, between a hypothetical Hellenistic Germany, in 1923, Professor Jewish tradition of illustrating Robert Seltzer is Professor of History Gutmann immigrated to the United biblical manuscripts and Christian and Jewish Social Studies States in 1936. After serving in the art from the fourth to sixth century at Hunter College of the U.S. Army during World War II, C.E. and that the Dura Europos City University of New York. Professor Gutmann earned a B.A. in synagogue (244/5 C.E.) was the Economics from Temple University hitherto missing link. Gutmann’s in 1949, and an M.A. in Art rejection of this paradigm was based History from New York University’s on his insistence that this Institute of Fine Arts in 1952. He synagogue, and the emergence of was ordained by the Hebrew Union synagogue art and architecture, College in 1957, earning his must be interpreted within the doctorate from HUC under the contexts of contemporaneous direction of Ellis Rivkin in 1960. Jewish literature, liturgy, and Professor Gutmann subsequently general art. In recent years, as served on the faculty of HUC and Jewish art has moved closer to the as curator of the Hebrew Union mainstream of Jewish studies, a College Museum (now the Skirball number of scholars have been Center in Los Angeles), moving in convinced by Gutmann’s approach

28 as a congregational rabbi in Kansas City Rochester, from 1972 until 1991. He from 1951 to 1956, and in Rochester, also taught as a visiting professor at ABRAHAM New York, at Temple Beth El from 1956 Dartmouth College and at the JTS. Karp to 1971. frequently visited Israel, and served three times as visiting professor of American JOSEPH During his student years at the Seminary, Jewish history at the Hebrew University Karp came under the lasting tutelage of of Jerusalem’s Institute for Contemporary Alexander Marx, bibliographer of Judaica KARP Jewry. He retired as the Philip S. par excellence, who set him to work Bernstein Professor Emeritus of Jewish cataloguing the distinguished personal Studies at the University of Rochester and 1921–2003 library of Professor Ismar Elbogen. He Arthur Kiron moved to Riverdale, New York, in 1991 acquired a profound and lifelong love for to serve as the Joseph and Rebecca Jewish books and Judaica of all kinds. His Mitchell Adjunct Research Professor of personal collection, the joyous harvest of American Jewish History and decades of devoted collecting, consisted of Bibliography at the Jewish Theological more than 10,000 printed books, Seminary of America, until his death on including hundreds of rare, early Hebrew November 24, 2003. imprints, as well as manuscripts and Judaica handicrafts, such as textiles, In addition to his academic life, Rabbi sculptures, and paintings. His collection of Karp also was dedicated to Jewish Judaica Americana, today held at the JTS communal service. He was elected Library, is perhaps the finest private president of the American Jewish collection of its kind ever assembled. Historical Society from 1972 to 1975, and for many years served on the Rabbi Karp’s collection, and his passion publications committee of the Jewish for collecting, became a foundation of his Publication Society of America, as well as career as a historian. In studying history, on a variety of editorial and executive Karp emphasized the primary source boards and advisory councils. Karp was above all others as the most reliable istorian, bibliophile, rabbi, and the recipient of numerous honors, witness to the past. Each book, each beloved teacher, Abraham including the Lee M. Friedman Medal manuscript letter, each newspaper HJoseph Karp was one of the from the AJHS, and received an honorary clipping, each scrap of historical evidence giants of the world of the Jewish book doctorate from Gratz College in 1985. he could find became in his hands a kind and a pioneering scholar of the field of He authored, co-authored, and edited of detective trail that invariably produced American Jewish history. Born in Indura, more than twenty books and over fifty new and significant discoveries. He Poland, on April 5, 1921, Karp received articles, encyclopedia entries, and reviews. authored a seminal work about Jacob his early education in Grodno, where he Among his best known works are his five Joseph, New York’s first “chief rabbi,” attended a “Tarbut” school that taught edited volumes, The American Jewish was among the first to study Mordecai Hebrew language and culture. He Experience (1969), Beginnings: Early Manuel Noah in any real depth, and his brought with him to the United States in American Judaica (1975), Golden Door basic research on the American 1930 a deep love for Judaism and the to America (1977), Haven and Home Synagogue and the American Jewish Jewish people. He graduated from the (1985), The Jews in America: A Treasury prayer book was ground-breaking. Teachers Institute of the Isaac Elchanan of Art and Literature (1994), and Jewish Perhaps the culmination of his career as a Theological Seminary in New York in Continuity in America (1998). 1939, and went on to receive a B.A. from collector and historian was realized when Yeshiva University in 1942, graduating he was invited to curate an exhibition of Rabbi Karp frequently spoke about magna cum laude. His rabbinical the Judaica collections at the Library of “squeezing” every detail out of a historical ordination was conferred on him in 1945 Congress. The project blossomed into a source and indeed, the same could be said by the Jewish Theological Seminary of classic, authoritative bibliophilic treasure about his zest for life. Abraham Joseph America, where he was also awarded a entitled “From the Ends of the Earth” Karp lived with remarkable energy and Masters in Hebrew Literature in 1948, (1991), characterized by carefully selected passion. His memory surely will be for a and an honorary doctorate in 1971. visual artifacts, elegantly written prose, and blessing. Rabbi Karp married Deborah Burstein in beautiful final production quality. 1945 shortly before graduating from Arthur Kiron is Curator of Judaica Rabbi Karp held a number of academic rabbinical school, and they had two sons, Collections at the University of positions, including a professorship of Hillel Judah and David Jacob. He served Pennsylvania Library. history and religion at the University of 29 York, Egon’s work bridged with respect to adherence to theoretical research, policy studies, Judaism. The U.S. Jewish EGON and implementation of population estimate from that recommendations. He fought to survey became part of the debate MAYER end the taboo against welcoming over the National Jewish Population mixed couples into Jewish Survey 2001. communal life, arguing that the best He also wrote a number of 1944–2004 course was to reach out to and Rela Mintz Geffen monographs including: Philanthropy include as many Jews as possible in and Voluntarism Among The Jews, the Jewish people. Because of these published by the Center for the views he and his work were rarely Study of Philanthropy of the free from controversy during the Graduate School and University last quarter century. Center of CUNY in 1998; Raised in Budapest, Egon came to Believing, Behaving, Belonging: the United States at the age of 12 Jewish Identity and Affiliation in with his family during the Greater Philadelphia—a Special Hungarian Revolution of 1956. He Report of the 1996/97 Jewish was, in utero, one of the Jews saved Population Study of Greater from extermination by Rudolf Philadelphia; and Intermarriage Kasztner. Because of his dedication and Rabbinic Officiation, published to outreach some considered him a by the American Jewish Committee minimalist who acquiesced to in 1989. He edited four anthologies weakening boundaries of Jewish on interfaith marriage and outreach community. Those who knew him and wrote more than forty articles. well understood that his strong gon Mayer died in January at Unlike many sociologists in the last desire to include rather than to the age of fifty-nine, after quarter of the twentieth century exclude sprang from two sources: a battling gall bladder cancer. who favored either quantitative or E love of humanity and a love of the Formerly director of Jewish studies qualitative research, Egon worked in Jewish people. at the Graduate Center of the City both arenas, utilizing in-depth University of New York and chair of Egon’s scholarship was very broadly personal interviews and focus Brooklyn College’s sociology based. He wrote two books: From groups long before it was department, he was best known for Suburb to Shtetl (1979) based on his fashionable to do so. While advising his groundbreaking research on dissertation at Rutgers University, a or conducting large-scale survey intermarriage. It was his earliest study of how the Orthodox and research, he always urged his monographs initiated under the Hasidic communities of Boro Park colleagues not to lose sight of the aegis of the Petchek Family Center adapted to modernity, and Love and micro level, particularly the of the American Jewish Committee, Tradition: Marriage Between individuals, couples, and both sides then headed by Yehuda Rosenman, Christians and Jews (1985). He of the extended families in interfaith Intermarriage and the Jewish served on the National Technical marriages. At his death he had Future, with Carl Sheingold in Advisory Committee for the completed the research and part of 1979; Children of Intermarriage in demographic surveys sponsored by a book about Dr. Rudolf Kasztner, 1983; and Conversion Among the the (then) Council of Jewish the controversial rescuer of his Intermarried, with Amy Avgar in Federations in 1990 and the United parents. 1987, that first brought his Jewish Communities (UJC) in Egon Mayer will receive the perspective on interfaith marriage to 2001. For a decade the North Marshall Sklare Award of the the public. In the mid-1980s he American Jewish Data Bank, which Association for the Social Scientific served as president of the was housed at the CUNY Graduate Study of Jewry (posthumously) at Association for the Social Scientific Center, was under his aegis. In the AJS in December. May his Study of Jewry (ASSJ), and, from 2001 along with Barry Kosmin and memory be a blessing. 1998 to 2002, as managing editor Ariela Keysar, Egon published The of its journal, Contemporary Jewry. American Jewish Identity Survey Rela Mintz Geffen is President of which addressed who is Jewish in As the founding director of the Baltimore Hebrew University. America today and what that means Jewish Outreach Institute in New 30 31 32 “Never Again? must be read by all those concerned that anti-Semitism should never again find fertile ground in a democratic society.” —DR. HENRY KISSINGER

“Foxman reminds us that vigilance against injustice is essential to protect our communities from nightmarish futures that today seem impossible, but which history reminds us are all too possible." —BILL BRADLEY, former U.S. Senator

ISBN 0-06-073069-2 Trade Paperback $14.95 ($20.95 Can.) 320pp

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33 The URJ Press is proud to announce the first revision of The Torah:A Modern Commentary in more than twenty years! THE TORAH: A MODERN COMMENTARY Revised Edition

AVAILABLE FOR PRE-ORDER Many years in the making, and meticulously spearheaded by a world-class team of researchers and Torah scholars, this new volume of our central Jewish text has been designed and developed to be more reader-friendly, more study-friendly, and more "worship service-friendly" than ever.

69 page sampler available on our Web site www.URJPress.com Price $60.00- Hebrew opening only To be released in February 2005.

Reorganized by Parashah • Enhanced Readability • Side by Side Hebrew and English • Introductory Essays for Each Book and Parashah • Alliyah Markers and Cantillation Marks • Updated Genesis Commentary and New Genesis Translation • Updated NJPS Translation for Exodus through Deuteronomy • Additional Resources Order toll free at 888.489.8242 or visit our Web site at www.URJPress.com 633 THIRD AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 • FAX: 212.650.4119 • [email protected]

34 THE ISRAELIS: Ordinary People in an Extraordinary L and Donna R osenthal

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“Thoroughly absorbing and also deeply instructive, even for readers who may be familiar with the country. It provides a vivid mosaic of anecdotal portraits that span all the variegated sectors of Israel’s population and all the problems with which contemporary Israelis struggle.” —Robert Alter, professor of Hebrew and comparative literature, UC Berkeley and author of The Art of Biblical Narrative

“A colorful and compelling portrait of young Israelis nobody knows. We hear the personal stories of the crazy mix of people who live in this well-known but little- understood land. From an Ethiopian with dreadlocks and a kippa to a Muslin rapper to the Christian women who edit an Arabic-language Cosmo. Anyone who wants to go far beyond the headlines will be wiser for having read this insightful book.” — David Biale, professor of Jewish history at the UC Davis, editor of Cultures of the Jews: A New History

“Intimate and vibrant. The only book I have ever seen that reveals the full human spectrum of Israel today.” — Daniel Matt, The Zohar: Pritzker Edition and the Essential Kaballah

“A panorama of Israeli diversity — Ashkenazim and Sephardim, orthodox and secular, Russians and Ethiopians, Arabs and Christians… Thanks, Ms. Rosenthal!” —LA Times

“She methodically lims the various ethnic and religious subcultures, Jewish and non- Jewish, that constitute the vibrant and fragile mosaic of Israeli society.” — Washington Post

“Rosenthal allows the people themselves –whether Jewish or Arab, men or women, religious or secular—to speak, to voices alternately despairing and hopeful, defi ant and conciliatory. As a result, she captures an entire country, one full of fl ux and drama, in as vivid and nuanced a way as possible…Prodigious reporting.” — Publishers Weekly

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Free Press | A division of Simon & Schuster www.theisraelis.net

35 Request for Grant Proposals for Courses in the Study of Secular Judaism $50,000 Awards annually for up to three years

The Center for Cultural Judaism invites applications for the second annual Posen Foundation Grants for the Study of Secular Judaism (Judaism as a Culture). These grants are intended to encourage the study of secular Judaism within well-established university programs and departments of Jewish Studies, History, Philosophy or S o c i o l o g y.

Grants will be awarded to support curricular development and teaching of two to four courses per year, including a core course in the history, texts, philosophy and literature of Secular Judaism. Grants of up to $50,000 each per year will be awarded for the 2005-2006 academic year. Upon re v i e w, these grants are renewable for up to two years.

Background A c c o rding to the American Jewish Identity Survey (AJIS 2001), conducted under the auspices of The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, nearly one-half of America's adult Jews identify themselves as secular or somewhat secular. The full AJIS report is available at www. c u l t u r a l j u d a i s m . o rg / c c j / n e w s / 4 . The Posen Foundation and the Center for Cultural Judaism believe that the seculariza- tion of Judaism requires study and understanding with respect to its history, texts and philosophers. Deadline: November 19, 2004

Background, Guidelines, Application, and Sample Syllabi are available at www.culturaljudaism.org or by contacting Myrna Baron Executive Director The Center for Cultural Judaism 212-564-6711 x301 [email protected]

36 37 The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the AMERICAN JEWISH ARCHIVES DR. GARY P. ZOLA Executive Director

The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives, is pleased to announce the Center’s Fellowship Program for: The 2004-2005 Academic Year

The American Jewish Archives (established in 1947) is the largest catalogued repository of primary documents relating to the history of North American Jewry. Marcus Center Fellows receive a generous stipend that enables qualifi ed scholars to conduct research and study at the American Jewish Archives in Cincinnati for a period of one month. In addition, Fellows have access to the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion’s world- renown Klau Library as well as to the library facilities of the University of Cincinnati.

Over the years, Marcus Center Fellowships have been awarded to many distinguished scholars including:

Dianne Ashton • Pamela Nadell Jonathan Sarna • Andrew Heinz Jonathan Schorsch • Robert Liberles Shuly Rubin Schwartz • Deborah Dash Moore Lance Sussman • Hasia Diner

Deadline for applications is March 18, 2005.

For information contact: Mr. Kevin Proffi tt, Senior Archivist Director of the Fellowship Program kproffi [email protected] or go to: www.americanjewisharchives.org

Located on the Cincinnati campus of the HEBREW UNION COLLEGE-JEWISH INSTITUTE OF RELIGION Cincinnati • New York • Los Angeles • Jerusalem 3101 Clifton Avenue • Cincinnati, OH 45220-2488 513-221-1875

38 Jewish Studies Quarterly Edited by Leora Batnitzky (Princeton) and Peter Schäfer (Berlin/Princeton) Advisory board: Steven Aschheim (Jerusalem), Elisheva Carlebach (New York), Michael Fishbane (Chicago), Christine Hayes (New Haven), Jeffrey Shandler (New York), Israel Yuval (Jerusalem) Managing editor: Peter Margolis (Princeton)

The Profile of the Jewish Studies Quarterly

Founded in 1993. The Jewish Studies Quarterly publishes studies on all aspects of Jewish history and culture. By focusing on the whole spectrum of Jewish life and thought, JSQ aims to contribute to a better understanding of Judaism. The articles cover both specialised studies and more general or interdisciplinary ones. The journal is published quarterly.

Survey of contents of the latest issue:

Volume 11 (2004) No. 1/2 Prices / subscription ISSN 0944-5706. Preface Price per volume (4 issues with a total Maria Subtelny: The Tale of the Four Sages who Entered the Pardes: ATalmudic Enigma of about 360 pages) from a Persian Perspective Institutions: € 129.00* Daniel Lasker: The Theory of Compensation (‘Iwad) in Rabbanite and Karaite Thought: Animal Sacrifices, Ritual Slaughter and Circumcision Individuals: € 79.00* previously € 104.00 ! Gerold Necker: Fallen Angels in the Book of Life Postage per volume Carlos Fraenkel: The Problem of Anthropomorphism in a Hitherto Unknown Passage € 7.20** from Samuel ibn Tibbon’s Ma’amar Yiqqawu ha-Mayim and in a Newly-Discovered * recommended Letter by David ben Saul retail prices ** subject to change Mor Altshuler: The First Tzaddik of Hasidism: The Zlotchover Maggid and His Circle according to German Mail

– Please send me a sample copy of the JSQ free of charge.

Name: Mohr Siebeck P. O. Box 2040 Address: D-72010 Tübingen Fax +49 / 7071 / 51104 e-mail: [email protected]

Mohr Siebeck, P.O. Box 2040, D-72010 Tübingen Fax +49/7071/51104 www.mohr.de

Up-to-date information via e-mail – to register now, go to www.mohr.de/form/eKurier_e.htm

39 For further information, please contact: Dr Juergen Zimmerer, Dominik J Schaller, CEIS 20, University Coimbra- conferences Rua Alves Torgo 25, 1st esq David Hess-Weg 10, P-5000-679 Vila Real, in Jewish Studies 8038 Zurich Portugal Schweiz, 2004-5 [email protected]; [email protected]. Institutions are encouraged to send For further information, please contact: short notifications of conferences, Professor Lawrence Baron, Dept of calls for papers, exhibitions, awards, History, San Diego State University, February 2005 and announcements to San Diego, CA 92182, Antisemitism in the [email protected]. [email protected]. Contemporary World Monash University, October 2004 Melbourne, Australia Jewish Roots in Southern Soil: December 2004 February 6-7, 2005 Commemorating 350 Years of Jews in Multi-Ethnic Network For further information, please contact: Jewish Settlement in America University of Haifa, Israel Susan Grist, [email protected]. Charleston, South Carolina December 19-20, 2004 October 28-31, 2004 For further information, please contact: Australian Association of Jewish For further information, please contact: Dmitry Shumsky, Studies 16th Annual Conference Dr. Martin Perlmutter, [email protected]. The Few Among the Many: +1.843.953.3918, Jews as a Minority; Minorities [email protected]. Association for Jewish Studies Amongst the Jews 36th Annual Conference Sydney, Australia November 2004 Chicago, Illinois February 13-14, 2005 Hyatt Regency Chicago For further information, please contact: The World Crisis of 1914-1920 and December 19-21, 2004 Peta Jones Pellach, The Shalom the Fate of the East European Jewry www.brandeis.edu/ajs Institute, Shalom College, UNSW, The European University, St. Please visit Web site for details and Sydney 2052, Australia, Petersburg, Russia registration. Deadline for preconference [email protected]. November 7-9, 2004 reservation rates and meal reservations is For further information, please contact: November 22. The deadline for hotel Ekaterina Zabolotskaya at reservations (1-800-233-1234) at March 2005 [email protected]. reduced conference rate is November 25. Western Jewish Studies Association The Sculptural Environment of the 11th Annual Conference Roman Near East Reflections on Arizona State University, Culture, Ideology, and Power: An January 2005 Tempe, Arizona International Conference International Conference March 13-14, 2005 University of Michigan, on Jewish Education For further information, please contact: Ann Arbor, Michigan Florida International University, Professor Lawrence Baron, Dept of November 7-10, 2004 Miami, Florida History, San Diego State University, www.lsa.umich.edu/Kelsey/statues January 11-23, 2005 San Diego, CA 92182, For further information, please contact: www.lookstein.org/jesimnar.htm [email protected]. Yaron Z. Eliav, Dept of Near Eastern For further information, please contact: Studies and Frankel Center for Judaic Moshe Abelesz, The Lookstein Center, Studies, University of Michigan, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, June 2005 Israel, [email protected]. [email protected]. Conference on Secular Yiddish Culture European Network of Genocide War in Film, Television and History: New York City Scholars [ENOGS]: The Holocaust and Genocide in June 27-28, 2005 Foundational Meeting War Films For further information, please contact: Berlin, Germany Dallas, Texas Edward Shapiro, +1.973.736.5169 or January 13-15, 2005 November 11-14, 2004 [email protected]. www.filmandhistory.org www.hist.net/ag_genozid/ENOGS 40 aJs Association for Jewish Studies 2004 conference registration/Membership form Please mail this form with payment by check only to: AJS, 15 West 16th Street, New York, New York 10011 Payment by credit card may be made at the AJS website, www.brandeis.edu/ajs. I. CONTACT INFORMATION Name ______First Middle Last Position ______Institution ______Field(s) of Interest ______Mailing Address______Street Apt./P.O. Box ______City State/Province Zip/Postal Code Country ______E-mail Address______Telephone (Offi ce)______(Home)______Fax______Joint Member Name______First Middle Last Joint Member Institution______Joint Member E-mail______

II. Payment Information 2004-2005 Membership Year Dues (September 1, 2004 – August 31, 2005) Income Above $80,000- $70,000- $60,000- $50,000- $40,000- Below Student Level* $90,000 $90,000 $80,000 $70,000 $60,000 $50,000 $40,000 Rate Dues $130.00 $120.00 $110.00 $100.00 $90.00 $80.00 $70.00 $35.00 *WJSA, MJSA, and EAJS members are eligible for a $10.00 discount on their AJS dues. To receive this discount, please fi nd the membership rate appropriate to your income level and pay the next lower rate (for example, if your AJS dues would normally be $110.00, pay $100.00). **Student Membership is open to full-time graduate students who are concentrating in an area of Jewish studies. Graduate students who are employed on more than a half-time basis are not eligible for student membership. Verifi cation of full-time status by the registrar of the institution where the student is enrolled must be submitted with membership application. $______AJS Membership Dues Please check AJS membership category: Regular___ Associate ___ Joint ___ Student___ $______Partner Society Membership Dues Please check partner society membership category: MJSA Regular Membership ($60.00) ____ MJSA Student/Retiree Membership ($45.00)____ WJSA Individual Membership ($55.00)____ WJSA Family Membership ($65.00)____ If you are an EAJS member, or have paid your dues separately to the MJSA or WJSA, please indicate below: I am a paid-up member of : MJSA ______WJSA______EAJS______. $______Advanced Conference Registration Fees ***DUE NOVEMBER 22, 2004*** Regular/Associate Member ($90.00) ____ Student Member ($50.00) ____ Non-Member ($125.00) ____ On-site registration in Chicago: $115.00 Regular/Associate Members | $65.00 Student Members | $150.00 Non-Members $______Conference Meals ***RESERVATIONS DUE NOVEMBER 22, 2004*** Quantity Quantity Breakfast (12/19/04) $20.00 ______Breakfast (12/21/04) $20.00 ______Lunch (12/19/04) $30.00 ______Lunch (12/21/04) $30.00 ______Banquet (12/19/04) $53.00 ______All Meals $240.00 ______Breakfast (12/20/04) $20.00 ______Women’s Caucus Lunch (12/20/04) $30.00 ______Breakfast (12/20/04) $20.00 ______Dinner (12/20/04) $45.00 ______Sephardi/Mizrahi Caucus Lunch (12/20/04) $30.00 ______$______Contribution to the AJS $______TOTAL PAYMENT Please make checks payable to: Association for Jewish Studies. Thank you.

41 aJs 36th Annual Conference of the

Association for Jewish Studies

December 19 - 21, 2004 Hyatt Regency Chicago Chicago, Illinois

Exhibitors and advertisers include:

American Academy for Jewish Research Merkos Publications American Theological Library Association Micah Publications, Inc. Association Book Exhibit Mohr Siebeck Bar-Ilan University Press National Foundation for Jewish Culture Behrman House National Yiddish Book Center Cambridge University Press New York University Press Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies at the Nextbook United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Random House, Inc. The Center for Cultural Judaism Rowman Littlefi eld Center for Jewish History Rutgers University Press Continuum International Publishing Group The Scholar’s Choice Cornell University Press Shalem Press Davka Corporation Society of Biblical Literature Devora Publishing/Pitspopany Press University of California Press Dwelling Place Publishing University of Nebraska Press The Feminist Press at CUNY University of Pennsylvania Press Goldstein-Goren International Center University of Pennsylvania Press Journals Division for Jewish Thought at Ben-Gurion University University of Washington Press Gorgias Press University of Wisconsin Press HarperCollins University Press of America Harvard University Press University Press of New England Index to Jewish Periodicals Valentine Mitchell Publishers Indiana University Press Wayne State University Press Indiana University Press Journals Division Yale University Press The Jewish Publication Society Yale University Program in Judaic Studies JTS Press Yivo Institute for Jewish Research The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization For more information, please contact: AJS, Center for Jewish History, 15 West 16th Street, New York, NY 10011 Phone: 917.606.8249 | Fax: 917.606.8222 | [email protected] | www.brandeis.edu/ajs

42 Turning It Over Again and Again: Network for Research in Jewish Reading Jewish Texts Education Annual Conference A Graduate Student Conference Brandeis University calls University of California, Los Angeles Waltham, Massachusetts Deadline: November 22, 2004 June 5-7, 2005 For www.cjs.ucla.edu Deadline: January 15, 2005 For further information, please contact: www.jesna.org/j/networks_research.asp 2004-5Papers Vivian Holenbeck, 302 Royce Hall, For further information, please contact Box 951485 Los Angeles, CA 90095, Professor Stuart Z. Charmé, British Association [email protected]. Department of Philosophy and for American Studies (BAAS) Religion, Rutgers University, Camden, Annual Conference 2005 Jews, Racialisation, NJ 08102, [email protected]. Robinson College, Cambridge and the Anglo-American World University, United Kingdom University of Southampton, Seventh Theatralia Journal of April 14-17, 2005 United Kingdom Theater Poetics: Deadline: October 31, 2004 July 27-29, 2005 Theater and Jewish Studies www.baas.ac.uk Deadline: December 10, 2004 Universidad de Vigo, Spain For further information, please contact: www.parkes.soton.ac.uk/racialisation.htm Deadline: October 1, 2005 Ann Holton, Secretary to the Mellon For further information, please contact: For further information, please contact: Professor-Cambridge University- Steve Taverner, AHRB Parkes Centre- Jesus G Maestro, Universidad de Vigo History Faculty, West Road, Department of History, University of Facultad de Filologia y Traduccion Cambridge, CB3 9EF, Southampton, Southampton, SO17 Campus Lagoas Marcosende 36200 [email protected]. 1BJ, United Kingdom, Vigo (Espana), [email protected]. [email protected]. World Congress of Jewish Studies The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel July 31-August 4, 2005 Deadline: October 31, 2004 www.jewish-studies.org For further information, please contact The World Union of Jewish Studies, Muhlenberg College Department of Religion The Hebrew University, The Rabbin invites applications for a full-time, tenure-track position World Center of Jewish Studies, P.O.B. in Jewish Studies. The appointment will be made at the 24020, Mt. Scopus, Assistant or the Associate level depending on Jerusalem 91240, Israel qualifications and experience. Area of specialization is Tel: +972-2-5325-841, +972-2-5325- open; the successful candidate will be conversant with 781, Fax: +972-2-5325-910, principal areas of Jewish Thought and Judaism in its [email protected]. historical and contemporary settings, as well as issues of gender, politics and history, and practice. The teaching Anti-Jewish Violence: load is three courses per semester, including Reconceptualizing “the Pogrom” in introductory thematic courses in Religion; the successful candidate will direct the Jewish Studies minor. European History, 17th–20th Excellence in teaching, a record of scholarship, and Century ongoing research are expected. Interest in participating Stockholm, Sweden in the Jewish life of the Muhlenberg community would May 21–24, 2005 be desirable. Applicant's dossier should include a letter Deadline: Novermber 1, 2004 of intent, graduate school transcripts, letters of www.cjs.ucla.edu reference, sample of scholarly work, and teaching For further information, please contact evaluations. Send materials to: Dr. Hemchand Gossai, Erika Vikström Szulc: erika.vikstrom- Chair, Department of Religion, Muhlenberg College, [email protected]. 2400 Chew Street, Allentown, PA 18104. Applicant reviews begin November 1. Preliminary interviews of select candidates will take place at the AAR/SBL conference in San Antonio. For more information about the College, visit our website at www.muhlenberg.edu. Muhlenberg College is an Equal Opportunity Employer.

43

TENURE-TRACK ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF HEBREW BIBLE MODERN HEBREW LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE CORNELL UNIVERSITY

TULANE UNIVERSITY Cornell University, Department of Near Eastern Studies, College of Arts and Sciences, invites applications for a The Jewish Studies Program at Tulane University tenure-track position as assistant professor of Hebrew is seeking a tenure-track assistant professor in Bible. The department is especially interested in modern Hebrew language and literature. This candidates with strong comparative literary-historical, individual must have a PhD or equivalent, literary-critical, sociological, or historical training and research interests. Successful candidates will demonstrate excellent scholarly credentials, and teaching the capacity to serve as a bridge between the experience (preferred). This individual will teach department’s faculty in ancient Near Eastern studies and two courses per semester and will be in charge of late antiquity. The ability to teach a variety of the Hebrew-language program. To apply, please undergraduate courses on the Hebrew Bible is required; send letter of intent, a curriculum vitae, three the ability to teach an undergraduate course on the history of Judaism is especially desirable as is knowledge recommendations, and one writing sample to: of modern Hebrew. Ph.D. required by the time of the Professor Brian Horowitz, Jewish Studies, 210 appointment.

Jones Hall, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA Application deadline, including receipt of 3 letters of 70118. The successful candidate will have a joint recommendation and writing sample: December 1, 2004. appointment in the Department of Germanic and Please send to Hebrew Bible Search Committee, Near Slavic Studies and the Jewish Studies Program. Eastern Studies, 409 White Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-7901. Cornell University is an equal Applications will be reviewed until November opportunity employer. Women and minority candidates 31, 2004. Tulane University is an Affirmative are encouraged to apply. Action, Equal Opportunity employer.

HEBREW UNION COLLEGE-JEWISH INSTITUTE POSITION IN THE JEWISH CULTURE OF THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD HEBREW UNION COLLEGE-JEWISH INSTITUTE OF RELIGION OF RELIGION, LOS ANGELES announces the opening of a junior level tenure-track position in Hebrew Bible, Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, New beginning July 1, 2005. Primary responsibilities include York campus, is opening a search for an expert in the area teaching and mentoring graduate students in our rabbinic, of medieval Jewish culture, excluding medieval Jewish education, masters' and doctoral programs. philosophy. While the successful candidate for this position We seek candidates who have completed a Ph.D. in will be expected to teach a wide range of courses related to

Hebrew Bible. Areas of specialization within the field of medieval Jewish culture (e.g., medieval Jewish history, piyyut Hebrew Bible are open; however, the ability to teach and secular literature of the period), special exegetical and critical skills is indispensable. consideration will be given to candidates with expertise in HUC-JIR faculty members are expected to participate in either Kabbalah or the relationship between medieval the communal and religious life of a Reform Jewish Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. Rank; junior, tenure track. seminary and the Jewish community. Candidates are expected to have prior teaching experience Applicants should send the following materials to Dr. and a completed or almost completed PhD. Contract begins Sharon Gillerman c/o Bible Search Committee, HUC-JIR, fall semester 2005.

3077 University Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90007-3796, by The College-Institute is the seminary of the Reform Jewish November 1, 2004: movement. Therefore, the College-Institute seeks * a cover letter explaining the candidate’s interest in and candidates who understand the needs and requirements of qualifications for the position seminary teaching and community life. These include * a curriculum vitae fostering the religious and intellectual growth of Reform * one or more published articles and/or chapters of a rabbis, cantors, Jewish educators, and MA level graduate dissertation students through teaching, advising, and mentoring.

* three (3) letters of recommendation (these may arrive Candidates should submit a c.v., a list of publications or separately). samples of unpublished work, organizational affiliations, and three (3) letters of recommendation to Prof. Michael Preliminary meetings with those attending the SBL Chernick, Faculty Search Committee, HUC-JIR, 1 West 4th annual meeting will take place in San Antonio. Street, New York, NY 10012.

44

Yale University Program in Judaic Studies Postdoctoral Fellowship

The Program in Judaic Studies of Yale University is offering a two-year Jacob and Hilda Blaustein post-doctoral fellowship that will begin on July 1, 2005. Candidates for the fellowship must have a Ph.D. in hand by July 1, 2005 and must have received the degree no earlier than 2002. The Program seeks specialists in modern Jewish history/modern Judaism who will work closely with appropriate members of Yale’s faculty in Judaic Studies.

The Judaic Studies Fellow will be expected to be in residence, to conduct research in Yale’s library and archival collections, to participate actively in the intellectual life of the university, and to teach three semester courses over two years. The stipend will be $40,000 a year plus health benefits. Candidates should send a cover letter, cv, project proposal, three letters of recommendation, and a list of proposed courses to: Post-doctoral Fellowship, Program in Judaic Studies, P.O. Box 208287, New Haven, CT 06520-8287. The deadline for submission of material is February 14, 2005. Yale University is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer.

45 The amount of the grants is typically and Social Work, Building A35, Awards between $8,000 - 10,000. Fellowships University of Sydney, NSW 2006, 2004-5 are granted for one academic year and Australia, [email protected]. The Academic Jewish Studies in are normally given for the final stages of Europe Grant Programme completing the dissertation. YIVO Institute for Jewish Research Deadline: March 28, 2005 Application available on website. www.yivo.org/jstudies/jstudies_fr.htm www.jewishstudygrants.org For further information, please contact: Please visit Web site for details on Doctoral, post-doctoral, language, Kristen L Runk, Associate Operations fellowships and applications. teaching, and other fellowships through Director, National Foundation for For further information, please contact: a grant program run by Hanadiv Jewish Culture-330 Seventh Avenue, Dr. Paul Glasser, Chair, Fellowship Charitable Foundation. 21st Floor, New York, NY 10001, Committee, YIVO Institute for Jewish For further information, please contact: [email protected]. Research, 15 West 16th Street, New Academic Jewish Studies in Europe York, NY 10011, Tel.: Grant Programme, 14 St. James’s The Faculty of Education and Social +1.212.246.6080, Fax: Place, London SW1A 1NP, United Work at the University of Sydney +1.212.292.1892, Kingdom, Tel: +44 (0)20 7493 8111 and the Inter-Schools Committee of [email protected]. ext. 2291, Fax: +44 (0)20 7495 3530, Jewish Education [email protected]. Sydney, Australia Deadline: October 15, 2004 American Jewish Historical Society The successful applicants for these www.ajhs.org/academic/Awards.cfm scholarships will enroll in a research Administrative Committee Prize degree in the area of Jewish Studies Ruth B. Fein Prize Education in the Faculty, as well as have The Sid and Ruth Lapidus Fellowship the opportunity to do teaching and Saul Viener Book Prize tutoring work in the Faculty in the area Leo Wasserman Article and Student of Jewish Studies Education. Essay Prizes For further information, please contact: For further information, please contact: Paula Simpson, Manager Student AJHS, 15 West 16th Street, New York, Administration, Faculty of Education NY 10011, +1.212.294.6160.

Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Dissertation Fellowships TENURE-TRACKMODERN ASSISTANTISRAEL SPTUDIESROFESSOR IN Deadline: November 15, 2004 MODERN HUEBREWNIVERSITY LANGUAGE OF WISCONSIN AND-M LADISONITERATURE www.clir.org The Mosse/WeinsteinTULANE Center UNIVERSITY for Jewish Studies in cooperation For further information, please contact: with the Departments of Anthropology, Political Science, Cynthia Burns, CLIR, 1755 TheSociology, Jewish Studies and History Program is seeking at Tulane a tenure-track University Assistant Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Suite 500, is seekingProfessor a totenure-track assume the Meyerhoff assistant Professorship professor in in Modern Washington, DC, 20036-2124, Israel Studies. An individual with expertise in social modernanthropology, Hebrew political language science, and sociology,literature. or This another area in [email protected]. individualthe social must sciences have is a preferred,PhD or equivalent, but historians will also be excellentconsidered. scholarly Depending credentials, on the individual's and teaching areas of expertise, National Foundation experiencethis person (preferred). will be situatedThis individual in one ofwill the teach following for Jewish Culture departments: Anthropology, History, Political Science, or two courses per semester and will be in charge of Maurice and Marilyn Cohen Fund for Sociology. Applicants must have an earned doctorate or Doctoral Dissertation Fellowships in the equivalentHebrew-language in one of the program. social sciences, To apply, or in please Israel Studies Jewish Studies sendfrom letter the of perspective intent, a of curriculum the social sciences, vitae, orthree in history and recommendations,must show evidence and of potential one writing for excellence sample in to: research and Deadline: January 29, 2004 teaching, and scholarly expertise in the study of Israeli society www.jewishculture.org/doc_diss/ Professorand culture. Brian Consideration Horowitz, Jewish of applications Studies, will 210 begin on jewish_scholarship_dd.html JonesNovember Hall, Tulane 17th. ToUniversity, apply, send New a letterOrleans, of application, LA Eligibility: Student must be a U.S. 70118.Curriculum The successful Vitae, at least candidate three reference will haveletters a sent joint directly citizen or permanent resident; have appointmentto the Search in Committeethe Department Chair, and of samplesGermanic of research and and completed all requirements for the scholarly writing. In the case of individuals finishing Slavicdissertations Studies and the recent Jewish Ph.D.s, Studies one or Program. two dissertation Ph.D. degree, except the dissertation Applicationschapters would will be acceptable.be reviewed until November itself; and have proficiency in a Jewish 31, Applications2004. Tulane should University be sent to is Chair,an Affirmative Israel Studies Search language adequate for pursuing an Committee, Mosse/Weinstein Center for Jewish Studies, academic career in their chosen field. Action,University Equal of Opportunity Wisconsin-Madison, employer. 308 Ingraham Hall, 1115 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706. 46 teaching courses on the Holocaust and associate professor in the Department Announcements the Jewish Religious tradition. of Jewish Literature of The Jewish 2004-5 Theological Seminary. The Program in Judaic Studies at Case Nathan Katz, Professor of Religious Western Reserve University in Studies at Florida International Alan Mittleman (formerly of Cleveland, Ohio is pleased to announce University, was awarded the 2004 Vak Muhlenberg College) has been the appointment of Dr. Judith Devi Saraswati Award. At a ceremony appointed as professor in the Neulander as visiting assistant professor at FIU, Dr. Chaman Lal Raina praised Department of Jewish Philosophy of and part-time administrator of the Katz’s book, Who Are the Jews of The Jewish Theological Seminary. He Program. Dr. Neulander has a degree India? (University of California Press, will also serve as Director of the Louis in folklore and will help direct the 2000) for “awakening the Indological Finkelstein Institute for Religion and Program toward a focus on Jewish thought and contribution of the Jews Social Studies. popular culture. The Program, which (of India).” The Shaktivad Sanastha started just a year ago and so far offers also announced undertaking a Hindi The Judaic Studies Program at the only a minor, already has enrolled its translation of the book. University of Oklahoma is pleased to first cohort of students. announce the appointment of Ori Kritz Shira D. Epstein has been appointed as Associate Professor of Hebrew in the In addition, Dr. Isaac Kalimi, Professor assistant professor in the Department of Department of Modern Languages, of Bible and Ancient Near Eastern Jewish Education of The Jewish Literatures, and Linguistics. Studies, has just finished his term as Theological Seminary. visiting Rosenthal Professor at Case Noam Pianko, who is getting his Ph.D. Western Reserve University, teaching David C. Kraemer has been appointed from Yale University, has been for Classics, Religion and the Program Librarian of The Library of The Jewish appointed assistant professor in the in Judaic Studies. Dr. Zev Garber, of Theological Seminary. Jewish Studies Program, in the Jackson Los Angeles Valley Community School of International Studies, College will be the Rosenthal Visiting Barbara Mann (formerly of Princeton University of Washington. Professor in the Spring of 2005, University) has been appointed AJS Institutional Members The Association for Jewish Studies is pleased to announce the following Institutional Members for the 2004-05 membership year: Brandeis University: Department of Near Eastern and Judaic Studies, The Hornstein Program in Jewish Communal Service, The Bernard G. and Rhoda G. Sarnat Center for the Study of Anti-Jewishness, The Hadassah-Brandeis Institute, Mandel Center for Studies in Jewish Education, The Maurice and Marilyn Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies, The National Center for Jewish Film, The Tauber Institute for the Study of European Jewry Hebrew College Hebrew Union College - Jewish Institute of Religion Jewish Theological Seminary of America Skirball Department of Hebrew and Judaic Studies at New York University Melton Center for Jewish Studies at the Ohio State University Spertus Institute of Jewish Studies Taube Center for Jewish Studies, Stanford University UCLA Center for Jewish Studies University of Connecticut Center for Judaic Studies and Contemporary Jewish Life Program in Jewish Culture and Society at the Univerity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Centre for Jewish Studies, York University For further information on Institutional Membership, please contact Rona Sheramy, AJS Executive Director, at [email protected] or 917.606.8249.

47 Molly Picon in Bublitchki, 1938. American Jewish Historical Society, Newton Centre, Massachusetts and New York, New York.

Association for Jewish Studies Center for Jewish History 15 West 16th Street New York, NY 10011