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Summary of potential oil and gas formations in England for use in groundwater vulnerability assessments Groundwater Programme Open Report OR/16/020 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GROUNDWATER PROGRAMME OPEN REPORT OR/16/020 Summary of potential oil and gas formations in England for use in groundwater vulnerability assessments S Loveless and N Smith The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright and database rights 2016. Ordnance Survey Licence No. 100021290 EUL. Keywords: Oil and gas source rocks; groundwater vulnerability Bibliographical reference LOVELESS, S AND SMITH, N. 2016. Summary of potential oil and gas formations in England for use in groundwater vulnerability assessments. British Geological Survey Open Report, OR/16/020. 31pp. Copyright in materials derived from the British Geological Survey’s work is owned by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and/or the authority that commissioned the work. You may not copy or adapt this publication without first obtaining permission. Contact the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Section, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, e-mail [email protected]. You may quote extracts of a reasonable length without prior permission, provided a full acknowledgement is given of the source of the extract. Maps and diagrams in this book use topography based on Ordnance Survey mapping. © NERC 2016. All rights reserved Keyworth, Nottingham British Geological Survey 2016 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of our publications is available from BGS shops at British Geological Survey offices Nottingham, Edinburgh, London and Cardiff (Welsh publications only) see contact details below or shop online at www.geologyshop.com BGS Central Enquiries Desk Tel 0115 936 3143 Fax 0115 936 3276 The London Information Office also maintains a reference collection of BGS publications, including maps, for consultation. email [email protected] We publish an annual catalogue of our maps and other publications; this catalogue is available online or from any of the Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham BGS shops. NG12 5GG Tel 0115 936 3241 Fax 0115 936 3488 The British Geological Survey carries out the geological survey of email [email protected] Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the latter as an agency service for the government of Northern Ireland), and of the surrounding continental shelf, as well as basic research projects. The Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South, Edinburgh It also undertakes programmes of technical aid in geology in EH14 4AP developing countries. Tel 0131 667 1000 Fax 0131 668 2683 The British Geological Survey is a component body of the Natural email [email protected] Environment Research Council. Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD Tel 020 7589 4090 Fax 020 7584 8270 Tel 020 7942 5344/45 email [email protected] Columbus House, Greenmeadow Springs, Tongwynlais, Cardiff CF15 7NE Tel 029 2052 1962 Fax 029 2052 1963 Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB Tel 01491 838800 Fax 01491 692345 Geological Survey of Northern Ireland, Department of Enterprise, Trade & Investment, Dundonald House, Upper Newtownards Road, Ballymiscaw, Belfast, BT4 3SB Tel 028 9038 8462 Fax 028 9038 8461 www.bgs.ac.uk/gsni/ Parent Body Natural Environment Research Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1EU Tel 01793 411500 Fax 01793 411501 www.nerc.ac.uk Website www.bgs.ac.uk Shop online at www.geologyshop.com OR/16/020 Foreword This report is a short summary of onshore hydrocarbon formations identified by the British Geological Survey (BGS) in the context of the sub-surface assessment of 3D groundwater vulnerability. it has been produced as part of a joint BGS – Environment Agency (EA) project entitled “3D Groundwater Vulnerability”. i OR/16/020 Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge BGS staff who have made significant contributions to this report. Jon Ford and the National Geological Model (NGM) team who’s many years of work this report, and project, is dependent on. Ricky Terrington provided the England-only version of UK3D and support with GSI3D. Melinda Lewis provided discussions around the GVS and rock units included. Holger Kessler has provided advice. Project management and direction has been provided by John Bloomfield and Rob Ward. The 3DGW Vulnerability project is a co-funded project between the British Geological Survey and the Environment Agency. The authors would like to thank the Environment Agency for their financial support for the project as well as contributing to the project vision. In particular, they would like to acknowledge the role of Ian Davey and Alwyn Hart, in proposing and supporting the joint initiative. This work has benefitted significantly from the contribution and involvement of the project Steering Group: Lynn Foord, Jan Hookey, Rudi Lui, Sara Mathews and Paul Doherty. ii OR/16/020 Contents Foreword ......................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ ii Contents ......................................................................................................................................... iii Summary ........................................................................................................................................ v 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 potential hydrocarbon resource types ............................................................................. 1 2 Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 2 3 Potential hydrocarbon groups .............................................................................................. 2 3.1 Conventional hydrocarbons ............................................................................................ 8 3.2 Coal bed methane (CBM) ............................................................................................. 14 3.3 Shale gas and oil ........................................................................................................... 16 3.4 Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) ........................................................................ 19 References .................................................................................................................................... 20 Appendix 1 ................................................................................................................................... 21 Appendix 2 ................................................................................................................................... 22 iii OR/16/020 TABLES Table 1 Groups identified as prospective for oil and gas, coal bed methane (CBM) and shale oil and gas and underground coal gasification (UCG) ................................................... 3 iv OR/16/020 Summary The joint Environment Agency (EA) and BGS project “3D Groundwater Vulnerability” (3D GWV) will develop a methodology for attributing vulnerability of groundwater to pollution from sub-surface oil and gas exploration and production activities, including unconventional, conventional and hybrid plays. It will also take account of Coal Bed Methane (CBM) and Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) exploration, in addition to both near surface and deeper aquifers and groundwater. Outputs will include descriptions and visual representations of potential sources of sub-surface contamination of groundwater from different sources of hydrocarbons. These outputs are designed for use by the EA, Defra, other government departments, local planning authorities, environmental consultants and the public. The project will involve creating an attributed version of UK3D for England with source rock formations and aquifers identified. This report describes the hydrocarbon bearing units in England. The units have been identified primarily from three BGS reports commissioned by DECC (the Department for Energy and Climate Change) in 2013 (DECC, 2013a; 2013b; 2013c) and three additional area-specific reports on shale gas prospectivity in the Bowland Shale (Andrews, 2013), the Weald (Andrews, 2014) and the Wessex area (Greenhalgh, 2016). Note that this report is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the occurrence of hydrocarbon units in England, rather a high-level overview for hydrogeologists interested in the potential for groundwater contamination. If further detailed information is required about the hydrocarbon characteristics of the units the reader should refer to the source documents (and references therein). The source documents identify units that have potential as conventional oil and gas reservoirs and source rocks (DECC, 2013a), for Coal Bed Methane (CBM) (DECC, 2013b) and shale gas (DECC, 2013c). There is no similar report for Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) and therefore coal units have been identified from (DECC, 2013b). This report gives a summary of the potential hydrocarbon resource types; identifies or attributes specific hydrocarbon source rocks on the Generalised Vertical Section (GVS), which identifies the main geologic units for England from BGS’ National Geological Model (NGM) (UK3D v2015 and Waters et al., 2016); and, summarises features
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