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Spatial Distributions of Carbon Storage and Uptake of Urban Forests in Seoul, South Korea
Sensors and Materials, Vol. 31, No. 11 (2019) 3811–3826 3811 MYU Tokyo S & M 2051 Spatial Distributions of Carbon Storage and Uptake of Urban Forests in Seoul, South Korea Do-Hyung Lee,1 Sung-Ho Kil,2* Hyun-Kil Jo,2 and Byoungkoo Choi3 1Green Business Division, Korea Research Institute on Climate Change, Chuncheon 24239, South Korea 2Department of Ecological Landscape Architecture Design, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea 3Department of Forest Environment Protection, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea (Received August 17, 2019; accepted October 23, 2019) Keywords: climate change, ecosystem service, tree cover, vegetation index, forest management Urban forests are crucial to alleviate climate change by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. Although recent research has mapped the ecosystem service worldwide, most studies have not obtained accurate results owing to the usage of high-cost and low-resolution data. Hence, herein, carbon storage and carbon uptake per capita are quantified and mapped for all administrative districts of the Seoul Metropolitan City through (1) the analysis of tree cover via on-site tree investigation and aerial imagery and (2) geographic information system (GIS) analysis, targeting the Seoul Metropolitan City of South Korea, which has achieved the highest level of development. Results indicate that the total carbon storage and carbon uptake of Seoul are approximately 1459024 t and 147388 t/yr, respectively; the corresponding per unit area values are approximately 24.03 t/ha and 2.43 t/ha/yr, which are lower than those of other cities. In particular, carbon storage and uptake per capita benefits of the urban areas, except for the urban forest areas, are confirmed to show a maximum difference (~20 times) between the regions. -
Great Attractions of the Hangang the Hangang with 5 Different Colors
Great Attractions of the Hangang The HANGANG WIth 5 DIFFERENT COLORS Publisher_ Mayor Oh Se-Hoon of Seoul Editor_ Chief Director Chang Jung Woo of Hangang Project Headquarters Editorial board member_ Director of General Affairs Bureau Sang Kook Lee, Director of General Affairs Division So Young Kim, Director of Public Relations Division Deok Je Kim, Cheif Manager of Public Relations Division Ho Ik Hwang Publishing Division_ Public Relations Division of Hangang Project Headquarters (02-3780-0773) * Seoul Metropolitan Goverment, All rights reserved Best Attractions with 5 different colors Here, there are colors representing Korea, yellow, blue, white and black. These are the 5 directional colors called ‘o-bang-saek’ in Korean. Based on Yín-Yáng Schòol, our ancestors prayed for good luck and thought those colors even drove bad forces out. To Koreans, o-bang-saek is more than just a combination of colors. It is meaningful in various areas such as space, philosophy, wisdom, etc. While o-bang-saek is representative color of Korea, the space representing Korea is the Hangang (river). Having been the basis of people’s livelihood, the Hangang flows through the heart of Seoul and serves as the space linking nature, the city and human beings. So let’s take a look at the river through the prism of o-bang-saek, the traditional color of Korea. Tourist attractions of the river that used to move in a silver wave are stretched out in 5 different colors. CONTENTS WHITE. Rest·CULTURE coMPLEX BLACK. HANGANGLANDscAPes Free yourself from the routine Discover the beauty BEST AttractIONS WIth 5 DIFFereNT coLors and have an enjoyable time hidden along the water river BLUE. -
Discovering a Biophilic Seoul a Thesis Submitted to The
DISCOVERING A BIOPHILIC SEOUL A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREES MASTER OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING MASTER OF SCIENCE DISCOVERING A BIOPHILIC SEOUL BY UNAI MIGUEL ANDRES DR. SANGLIM YOO – ADVISOR DR. JOSHUA GRUVER – ADVISOR BALL STATE UNIVERSITY MUNCIE, INDIANA MAY 2017 DISCOVERING A BIOPHILIC SEOUL A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREES MASTER OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING MASTER OF SCIENCE BY UNAI MIGUEL ANDRES Committee Approval: ___________________________________ ___________________________ Committee Chairperson Date ___________________________________ ___________________________ Committee Co-chairperson Date ___________________________________ ___________________________ Committee Member Date Departmental Approval: ___________________________________ ___________________________ Departmental Chairperson Date ___________________________________ ___________________________ Departmental Chairperson Date ___________________________________ ___________________________ Dean of Graduate School Date BALL STATE UNIVERSITY MUNCIE, INDIANA MAY 2017 i ABSTRACT THESIS: Discovering a Biophilic Seoul STUDENT: Unai Miguel Andres DEGREES: Master of Science; Master of Urban and Regional Planning COLLEGE: Sciences and Humanities; Architecture and Planning DATE: May 2017 PAGES: Despite being inhabited for more than 2000 years; the city of Seoul grew in isolation from Western cultures until the 19th century. However, because of being almost destroyed during the Korean War, the city spent most of the second half of the 20th century trying to rebuild itself. After recovering, Seoul shifted its policies to become a sustainable development-oriented city. Thus, the city engaged in its first major nature recovery project, the Mt. Namsan Restoration project, in 1991 and it enacted the first 5-year Plan for Park & Green Spaces in 1996, which pinpointed the start of the Green Seoul era. -
World Bank Document
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized 1 Standard Disclaimer: This report is a joint product between the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank and Seoul Metropolitan Government. It is written by a team from University of Seoul with technical advice from the World Bank team. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Copyright Statement: The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permis- sion may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978- 750-4470, http://www.copyright.com/. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, e-mail [email protected]. -
Changes in Park & Green Space Policies in Seoul
Changes in Park & Green Space Policies in Seoul Date 2015-06-25 Category Environment Updater ssunha This report explores the park and green space policies of the Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG) by period, from the time Korea opened its ports to the outside world until today. The periods are: modernization and Japanese colonial rule; the first and second republics; the third and fourth republics; the fifth and sixth republics; and local autonomous government administrations elected by popular vote. For each period, this report examines the institutional and spatial changes in urban parks. Modernization & Japanese Colonial Rule: The Dawn of Urban Parks Defining Characteristics: Mountains and valleys serving as parks (Joseon Dynasty); Independence Park (Open-door Period); destruction of cultural heritage (Japanese colonial government) The concept of parks and green spaces as planned facilities was introduced as a byproduct of modernization in the late 19th and early 20th century. Of course there had been places that served as parks and green spaces ever since the Kingdom of Joseon moved its capital to today’s Seoul in 1394. The city is surrounded by an inner ring of 4 mountains and an outer ring of another 4 mountains, with the Han River flowing east to west. During the Joseon Dynasty, the walled city was located to the north of the Han, and the significance of the inner ring of Bugak Mountain, Inwang Mountain, Nak Mountain, and Nam Mountain was profound as the city walls were built on their ridges. Scholars of old would visit nearby mountain valleys where they wrote and recited poems for leisure. -
Truth and Reconciliation Activities of the Past Three Years
Truth and Reconciliation Activities of the Past Three Years CONTENTS President's Greeting I. Historical Background of Korea's Past Settlement II. Introduction to the Commission 1. Outline: Objective of the Commission 2. Organization and Budget 3. Introduction to Commissioners and Staff 4. Composition and Operation III. Procedure for Investigation 1. Procedure of Petition and Method of Application 2. Investigation and Determination of Truth-Finding 3. Present Status of Investigation 4. Measures for Recommendation and Reconciliation IV. Extra-Investigation Activities 1. Exhumation Work 2. Complementary Activities of Investigation V. Analysis of Verified Cases 1. National Independence and the History of Overseas Koreans 2. Massacres by Groups which Opposed the Legitimacy of the Republic of Korea 3. Massacres 4. Human Rights Abuses VI. MaJor Achievements and Further Agendas 1. Major Achievements 2. Further Agendas Appendices 1. Outline and Full Text of the Framework Act Clearing up Past Incidents 2. Frequently Asked Questions about the Commission 3. Primary Media Coverage on the Commission's Activities 4. Web Sites of Other Truth Commissions: Home and Abroad President's Greeting In entering the third year of operation, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Republic of Korea (the Commission) is proud to present the "Activities of the Past Three Years" and is thankful for all of the continued support. The Commission, launched in December 2005, has strived to reveal the truth behind massacres during the Korean War, human rights abuses during the authoritarian rule, the anti-Japanese independence movement, and the history of overseas Koreans. It is not an easy task to seek the truth in past cases where the facts have been hidden and distorted for decades. -
Seoulbuing Buing!
SEOUL Buing Buing! Seoul (pronounced soul) is the capital and largest the Three Kingdoms of Korea. It continued Dongdaemun Design Plaza, Lotte World, metropolis of South Korea. The Seoul as the capital of Korea under the Joseon the world's second largest indoor theme park, Capital Area, which includes the surrounding Dynasty and the Korean Empire. The Seoul and Moonlight Rainbow Fountain, the world's Incheon metropolis and Gyeonggi province metropolitan area contains four UNESCO longest bridge fountain. The birthplace of is the world’s second largest metropolitan World Heritage Sites: Changdeok Palace, K-pop and the Korean Wave, Seoul was voted area with over 25.6 million people, home Hwaseong Fortress, Jongmyo Shrine and the world's most wanted travel destination by to over half of South Koreans along with the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty. Chinese, Japanese and Thai tourists for three 632,000 international residents. consecutive years in 2009–2011 with over 12 Seoul is surrounded by mountains, the million international visitors in 2013, making it Situated on the Han River, Seoul's history tallest being Mt. Bukhan, the world's most East Asia's most visited city and the world's 7th stretches back more than 2,000 years when visited national park per square foot. biggest earner in tourism. it was founded in 18 BCE by Baekje, one of Modern landmarks include the iconic Gyeongbokgung Palace Was the first royal palace built by the Joseon palaces during their occupation of Dynasty, three years after the Joseon Korea (1910 – 1945). Most of the Dynasty was founded. -
The Story of the Hangang River Told Through 5 Colors ZEUS- St Andrews Golf Challenge
Hangang Park 五色漢江 The Story of the Hangang River Told through 5 Colors ZEUS- St Andrews Golf Challenge "Namsan Mountain looks like a beautiful lotus / Hangang River is colored like stained grapes” (華山揷立玉芙蓉 / 漢江染出金葡萄)” –Seo Geo-jeong Mokmyeoksanghwa (木覔賞花) 中 – Table of Contents 1. Current State of the Hangang River 2. Five Colors of the Hangang River ( 五色漢江) - Blue ( 靑色): HISTORY Permanent - Green ( 綠色): ECOLOGY Green - Red ( 赤色): CULTURE & TOURISM Passionate - Purple ( 紫色): FESTIVAL & LEISURE Refined - Yellow ( 黃色): SAFETY & CLEANING Safe 3. Vision of the Hangang River Hangang Park 1. Current State of the Hangang River Current State of the Hangang River – Overview 1 Chuncheon Seoul 270,000 10 million Namyangju 640,000 Wonju 320,000 Yeoju 110,000 Yeongwol -gun 4 40,000 Current State of the Hangang River – Overview 2 Nanji Gwangnaru The joy of camping along the riverside ~ 11 Bicycles that ride through the clear 광나루 강서 한강공원까지 총 개 한강공원waters and the forest Mangwon A site 서울시alive with passionate 총 면적의 history6.6%에 해당하는 대표적인 시민의 공간 ⑪ ② Ichon Filled to the brim with the excitement of leisure ① ④ and sports ③ ⑨ Ttukseom ⑤ A play area for sharing and leisure Gangseo ⑥ ⑩ A spirited paradise for ⑧ migratory birds Yanghwa ⑦ A great view of the coexistence of Jamsil the charms of nature and the city The site for a family picnic with picnic blankets and gimbap Yeouido The top venue for festivals on open fields Jamwon The place for the best stroll in the world Banpo Where the romantic moon casts its shadow over Hangang River and Namsan Mountain Current State of the Hangang River – Head of the Hangang River . -
An Effect of Urban Forest on Urban Thermal Environment in Seoul, South Korea, Based on Landsat Imagery Analysis
Article An Effect of Urban Forest on Urban Thermal Environment in Seoul, South Korea, Based on Landsat Imagery Analysis Peter Sang-Hoon Lee 1 and Jincheol Park 2,* 1 Graduate School of Urban Studies, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; [email protected] 2 Seoul Industry-University-Research Cooperation Foundation, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 April 2020; Accepted: 28 May 2020; Published: 2 June 2020 Abstract: The urban heat island effect has posed negative impacts on urban areas with increased cooling energy demand followed by an altered thermal environment. While unusually high temperature in urban areas has been often attributed to complex urban settings, the function of urban forests has been considered as an effective heat mitigation strategy. To investigate the cooling effect of urban forests and their influence range, this study examined the spatiotemporal changes in land surface temperature (LST) of urban forests and surrounding areas by using Landsat imageries. LST, the size of the urban forest, its vegetation cover, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were investigated for 34 urban forests and their surrounding areas at a series of buffer areas in Seoul, South Korea. The mean LST of urban forests was lower than that of the overall city, and the threshold distance from urban forests for cooling effect was estimated to be roughly up to 300 m. The group of large-sized urban forests showed significantly lower mean LST than that of small-sized urban forests. The group of urban forests with higher NDVI showed lower mean LST than that of urban forests with lower mean NDVI in a consistent manner. -
Historical Gyeongbokgung Palace Insa-Dong
HALF DAY TOURS OPTION #3: Historical Gyeongbokgung Palace Built in 1395, Gyeongbokgung Palace is also commonly referred to as the Northern Palace because its location is furthest north when compared to the neighboring palaces of Changdeokgung (Eastern Palace) and Gyeonghuigung (Western Palace) Palace. Gyeongbokgung Palace is arguably the most beautiful, and remains the largest of all five palaces. The premises were once destroyed by fire during the Imjin War (Japanese Invasions, 1592-1598). However, all of the palace buildings were later restored under the leadership of Heungseondaewongun during the reign of King Gojong (1852-1919). Remarkably, the most representative edifices of the Joseon Dynasty, Gyeonghoeru Pavilion and Hyangwonjeong Pond have remained relatively intact. Woldae and the sculptures of Geunjeongjeon (The Royal Audience Chamber) represent past sculptures of contemporary art. The National Palace Museum of Korea is located south of Heungnyemun Gate, and the National Folk Museum is located on the eastern side within Hyangwonjeong. Insa-dong Insa-dong, located in the heart of the city, is an important place where old but precious and traditional goods are on display. There is one main road in Insa-dong with alleys on each side. Within these alleys are galleries and traditional restaurants, teahouses, and cafes. The galleries are the heartbeat of Insa-dong. There are about 100 galleries in the area and you can see every example of traditional Korean fine art from paintings to sculptures. The most famous galleries are Hakgojae Gallery, which functions as the center of folk art, Gana Art Gallery, which promotes many promising artists, and Gana Art Center. -
Seoul Urban Planning Charter 14 Managing 2 2030 Seoul Plan 16 Seoul 3 Neighborhood Plan 20 4 Historic City Center Master Plan 22 5 Han Riverfront Master Plan 26
CONTENTS Overview Introducing 1 Capital of South Korea, Seoul 06 2 History of Seoul’s Growth 08 Seoul 3 Seoul’s City Planning for the Next Century 10 Urban Policy & Planning 1 Seoul Urban Planning Charter 14 Managing 2 2030 Seoul Plan 16 Seoul 3 Neighborhood Plan 20 4 Historic City Center Master Plan 22 5 Han Riverfront Master Plan 26 Major Projects 1 Comprehensive Development Plan for Coex ~ Jamsil 30 Now in 2 Changdong·Sanggye New Eonomic Center 32 3 Dasi(Again) Sewoon Project 34 Seoul 4 Seoul Station 7017 Project 36 Introducing Seoul Overview Capital of South Korea, Seoul History of Seoul’s Growth Seoul’s City Planning for the Next Century 06 Introducing Seoul 1. Capital of South Korea, Seoul Mega city with a population of 10 million, area of 605㎢, and one of the densest cities in the world. Hub city of Northeast Asia close to Tokyo, Beijing, Hong Kong, and Singapore. Has shown economic development at an unprecedented rate around the world. For the last 50 years, population has grown 3 fold and GDP 330 times. Seoul has consecutively ranked 6th in the Global Power City Index (GPCI) for 3 years. Growth of the population Growth of GDP 07 As the capital city of the Korean Peninsula for 600 years, Seoul is a historic & cultural city with over 2000 years of history, and has a beautiful natural environment. Seoul has served as a strategic area for residence, military, and defense. It has been systematically designed as a planned city since its designation as capital of Joseon in 1394. -
Living in Seoul
Living in Seoul 2015 Living in Seoul English Edition Living in Seoul Guide for Living in Seoul English Edition SEOUL GLOBAL CENTER | Tel_ 82-2-2075-4180 Fax_ 82-2-723-3205 http://global.seoul.go.kr English Edition contents Immigration 08 Visa 09 Stay 14 Foreign Registration 16 Overseas Koreans 18 Re-entry Permission 19 Departure 20 Q&A Transportation Accommodation 22 Using Public Transportation 38 Types of Accommodation 22 Subway 40 Types of Lease Contracts 25 Intra-city Buses 43 Real Estate Agents 27 Taxis 45 International Districts 29 Transit Cards 48 Purchase Procedures for Foreigners 30 Express Buses 49 Making the Move 31 Trains & Planes 51 Electricity 34 Q&A 51 Gas 52 Water Service 53 Q&A Garbage Disposal Communication Education Driving 56 Preparations for Garbage Collection & Banking 106 Education System 132 Driving in Seoul 57 General Waste 106 Educational Options 137 Penalty Points for Traffic Violations 57 Food Waste 66 Communication Facilities 107 Preschools 138 Penalty Points from Traffic Accidents 58 Recycling 71 Postal Services 108 Foreign Schools 139 Purchasing a Vehicle 59 Large Waste Matter 75 Telephone Services 114 Korean Language Education 144 Resident Prioritized Parking System 61 Recycling Centers and Flea Markets 78 Banking 116 Libraries & Book Stores 144 Rental Cars 63 Q&A 82 Q&A 119 Q&A 145 Motorcycles 146 Traffic Accidents 147 Q&A Employment Medical Services 86 Scope of Activities and Employment for Foreigners in Korea 122 Korean Medical System 86 Employment Procedures by Visa Status 123 Medical Services for Foreigners