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Fecha 09 De Diciembre De 2011 Fecha 09 de Diciembre de 2011 NUMERO DE RAE PROGRAMA INGENIERIA AERONAUTICA ROBAYO BARRIOS, Laura Angélica AUTORES SORA BAEZ, Fabián Camilo DISEÑO CONCEPTUAL DE UNA AERONAVE TITULO ACROBÁTICA PARA RECREACIÓN Y COMPETENCIA Arésti Aspect Ratio. Cuerda media. c: Eje lateral: Eje longitudinal: Eje vertical: PALABRAS Entrenamiento: CLAVES Envergadura: Estrechamiento (Taper ratio) λ: Flecha (Sweep). Ʌ: Factor de seguridad: Gravedad: Maniobra Perfil aerodinámico: Superficie alar: Velocidad: Vuelo acrobático: NUMERO DE RAE PROGRAMA INGENIERIA AERONAUTICA Este trabajo de Grado se desarrollo con el propósito de suplir amplias necesidades en el medio de la aviación deportiva y acrobática en el campo de recreación y competencia, logrando así analizar e implementar los diferentes métodos de diseño de aeronaves para obtener un resultado de alto performance y altas capacidades de vuelo. Después de verificadas las necesidades, reglamentación y procesos ingenieriles, se procede a realizar el Diseño Conceptual de la Aeronave supliendo a la vez, algunos tópicos que puede ser vistos en un Diseño Preliminar. DESCRIPCIÓN Este Diseño conceptual estará acompañado de un análisis de distribución de instrumentos o equipos abordo, un diseño de la aeronave en CAD, un análisis del ala en 3d a través de CFD y un estudio básico de estabilidad y control. NUMERO DE RAE PROGRAMA INGENIERIA AERONAUTICA RAYMER Daniel P. Aircraft Design: A conceptual Approach. Second Edition. Education Series. 1992 ROSKAM Jan. Airplane Design Parts. 1985-1990 Edition. CRAWFORD Donalt R. Airplane Design. Crawford Aviation. Torrance CA. BRUHN E.F. Analysis and Design of flight vehicles structures. 1973 Edition ANDERSON, John D, Aircraft Performance and Design. United States: Tercera edición. Editorial Mc Graw Hill. 1999. Fabricante. Disponible en http://www.extraaircraft.com/ Fabricante. Disponible en http://www.mxaircraft.com/ FUENTES BIBLIOGRAFICA Fabricante. Disponible en http://www.zivko.com/ZIVKO/index.html S Fabricante. Disponible en http://www.xtremeair.de/web/index.php Conceptos. Disponible en http://www.esparacing.com/index.htm Conceptos. Disponible en http://www.aerobaticsaircraft.com/ Conceptos. Disponible en http://www.air- races.com/Aircraft.htm Normatividad. Disponible en http://www.redbullairrace.com/cs/Satellite/en_air/Official-Red- Bull-Air-Race-Homepage/001238611393596 XFLR.5, Software para análisis de Alas. Disponible en http://xflr5.sourceforge.net/xflr5.htm Prof. DRELA Mark and YOUNGREN. XFLR5 HandOut. Kentucky ME380. Aeronautic & Astronautics Department (Course 16). NUMERO DE RAE PROGRAMA INGENIERIA AERONAUTICA INTRODUCCIÓN 1. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 1.1 ANTECEDENTES 1.1.1 Zivko Edge 540 1.1.2 MXS 1.1.3 Extra 330SC 1.1.4 Akro Z 1.1.5 CAP 232 1.1.6 SU-26 1.1.7 SU-31 1.1.8 YAK-55 1.2 DESCRIPCION Y FORMULACION DEL PROBLEMA 1.3 JUSTIFICACIÓN CONTENIDOS 1.4 OBJETIVOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 1.4.1OBJETIVO GENERAL 1.4.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS 1.5 ALCANCES Y LIMMITACIONES 1.5.1 Alcances 1.5.2 Limitaciones 2 MARCO DE REFERENCIA 2.1 VUELO ACROBATICO 2.2 TIPOS DE MISIÓN DE VUELO 2.2.1 Vuelo Recto y Nivelado – Giros no Mayores a 45° 2.2.2 Vuelo Recto y Nivelado - Invertido 2.2.3 Vuelo de Cuchilla (Knife Edge) 2.2.4 Vuelo en Zig-Zag a través de la Chicane 2.2.5 Rizo (Looping Interior) o Giro 360° en el Plano Vertical 2.2.6 Medio Ocho Cubano NUMERO DE RAE PROGRAMA INGENIERIA AERONAUTICA 2.2.7 Barrena 2.2.8 Caída de Cola 2.2.9 Simbología de Maniobras Acrobáticas 2.3 PARÁMETROS Y FUNDAMENTOS DE DISEÑO 2.4 CONFIGURACIÓN Y DIMENSIONAMIENTO GENERAL 2.5 MARCO LEGAL O NORMATIVO 2.5.1 FAR 91.303 2.5.2 Regulaciones Técnicas Parte E. Red Bull Air Race World Championship50 3 METODOLOGÍA 3.1 ENFOQUE DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 3.2 LINEA DE INVESTIGACIÓN DE USB / SUB LINEA DE CONTENIDOS FACULTAD / CAMPO TEMATICO DEL PROGRAMA 3.3 TÉCNICAS DE RECOLECCION DE INFORMACIÓN 3.4 VARIABLES 3.4.1 Variables Independientes 3.4.2 Variable Dependientes 4 DESARROLLO INGENIERIL 4.1 ANALISIS DEL ESTADO DEL ARTE 4.1.1 BOSQUEJOS INICIALES 4.2 ETAPAS DE MISIÓN DE VUELO 4.2.1 Misión de Traslado de un “Punto A” a un “Punto B” 4.2.2 Misión de Maniobras Acrobáticas, Show Aéreo o Competencia 4.3 APROXIMACCIÓN DE DIMENSIONES Y TAMAÑOS 4.3.1 Estimación. Peso Bruto de Despegue 4.3.1.1 Estimación de la fracción Wf/Wo 4.3.1.2 Estimación de la fracción We/Wo NUMERO DE RAE PROGRAMA INGENIERIA AERONAUTICA 4.3.2 Selección de la Geometría. Ala 4.3.2.1 Selección del Perfil Aerodinámico 4.3.2.2 Estimación del Drag 4.3.2.2.1 Drag Polar 4.3.2.3 Carga Alar y Diagrama de Restricciones 4.3.2.3.1 Velocidad de Pérdida 4.3.2.3.2 Aterrizaje 4.3.2.3.3 Maniobra 4.3.2.3.4 R/C Max 4.3.2.3.5 Despegue 4.3.2.4 Estimación del Drag Parasito e Inducido CONTENIDOS 4.3.3 Configuración del Ala 4.3.3.1 Geometría y Estructura 4.3.3.2 Ubicación 4.3.3.3 Twist 4.3.3.4 Angulo de Diedro 4.3.3.5 Dimensionamiento 4.3.4 Configuración del Fuselaje 4.3.4.1 Geometría y Estructura 4.3.4.2 Dimensionamiento 4.3.4.3 Configuración de Cabina 4.3.4.3.1 Panel de Instrumentos 4.3.5 Configuración del Empenaje 4.3.5.1 Geometría y Estructura 4.3.5.2 Dimensionamiento 4.3.6 Selección de la Planta Motriz 4.3.6.1 Potencia Requerida y Potencia Disponible 4.3.7 Segunda Estimación de Combustible 4.3.8 Pesos Individuales NUMERO DE RAE PROGRAMA INGENIERIA AERONAUTICA 4.4 Análisis en XFLR.5 4.4.1 Distribución de Cargas 4.4.2 Validación 4.5 Diagrama de V-N 4.6 Peso y Balance 5 ESTABILIDAD Y CONTROL 6 PRESENTACIÓN Y ANALISIS DE RESULTADOS 7 CONCLUSIONES 8 RECOMENDACIONES GLOSARIO BIBLIOGRAFIAS ANEXOS CONTENIDOS NUMERO DE RAE PROGRAMA INGENIERIA AERONAUTICA 1. ENFOQUE DE LA INVESTIGACION De acuerdo a los lineamientos de la Universidad de San Buenaventura y a los establecidos en el programa de Ingeniería Aeronáutica, se ha decidido utilizar en esta investigación un Enfoque basado en el Empírico Analítico el cual está basado en la interpretación de resultados y a la transformación de los mismos. 2. LÍNEA DE INVESTIGACIÓN DE USB / SUB-LÍNEA DE FACULTAD / CAMPO TEMÁTICO DEL PROGRAMA La línea de Investigación es Tecnologías Actuales y Sociedad, la Sub-Línea de Facultad es Instrumentación y Control de Procesos y el Campo Temático del Programa es el Diseño y METODOLOGIA Construcción de Aeronaves. 3. TECNICAS DE RECOLECCION DE INFORMACION Se han establecido algunas técnicas de recopilación de datos las cuales dirigen y brindan herramientas suficientes para realizar el desarrollo de la investigación, de acuerdo a lo anterior se han recurrido a fuentes como: - Textos de Consulta Especializados - Papers - Internet: Consulta Pagina Web Autoridad Reguladora Consulta Pagina Web Competencia y Eventos Correos Electrónicos - Investigación con Personal Experimentado en el tema NUMERO DE RAE PROGRAMA INGENIERIA AERONAUTICA - Investigación junto con Tutoría de Docentes. - Simulaciones, Cálculos Matemáticos, Pruebas. Para emprender el diseño de la aeronave acrobática, primerio se realizara un estudio del estado del arte a nivel internacional, para recopilar y analizar características y parámetros de diseño, fundamentales para tener un punto de partida en el desarrollo de los cálculos y tener además un marco de referencia de datos reales, los cuales brindan confianza y veracidad en los datos obtenidos, son importantes para establecer criterios argumentativa Una vez se cuenten con los parámetros iniciales se emprende todo un ciclo de cálculos que incluyen iteraciones, METODOLOGÍA aproximaciones y complementaciones de diferentes métodos que apuntan al mismo fin. A continuación se enseña un diagrama de flujo en el cual es posible observar rápidamente las etapas desarrolladas para llevar a cabo el proyecto NUMERO DE RAE PROGRAMA INGENIERIA AERONAUTICA METODOLOGÍA NUMERO DE RAE PROGRAMA INGENIERIA AERONAUTICA METODOLOGÍA NUMERO DE RAE PROGRAMA INGENIERIA AERONAUTICA 4. HIPOTESIS La Aeronave Acrobática diseñada en este trabajo de Grado, es capaz de realizar una Misión de maniobras Acrobáticas que exigen una gran capacidad de la misma tanto para recreación como para competencia, y está dentro de los rangos exigidos por la reglamentación que lo rige, cumple con los siguientes requerimientos: Rango Total 655000 m Tiempo de Vuelo Total 10000 s Rango. Maniobras 148443,88 m Tiempo de Vuelo. Maniobras 2340 s METODOLOGÍA Velocidad de maniobra n+ 103,3416 m/s Velocidad de maniobra n- 108,8976 m/s Velocidad de Crucero 87,7848 m/s Velocidad Máxima 136,3998 m/s Velocidad de Perdida 26,6688 m/s Peso Total al Vacio 624,83 kg Peso Total de Despegue 878,8 kg NUMERO DE RAE PROGRAMA INGENIERIA AERONAUTICA En el proceso de recolección y búsqueda de las características físicas y de rendimiento, realizada para establecer una base clara de antecedentes y tendencias, se encuentra que son muy pocas las aeronaves que cumplen con todos los estándares y requisitos necesarios para suplir condiciones de alto desempeño y competencia aérea, se evidencio que las tendencias entre si son congruentes, aunque desafortunadamente el campo de evaluación es pobre para obtener datos totalmente certeros y confiables. (La Red Bull Air Race actualmente solo cuenta con tres tipos de aeronaves aprobadas para participar y competir. La correcta selección de los perfiles aerodinámicos a lo largo de CONCLUSIÓNES los planos es de vital importancia, ya que a diferencia en la mayoría de aeronaves donde el mayor objetivo en su diseño es obtener la mayor ventaja posible en aumento de la sustentación y disminución de la resistencia en condición de crucero, en las aeronaves acrobáticas tipo competencia, el desempeño bajo constantes cambios en ángulos de ataque y los momentos generados, hacen parte de los aspectos de mayor relevancia en su selección.
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