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Chromosome Numbers in Some Syrian Angiosperms

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Chromosome Numbers in Some Syrian Angiosperms Neerl. June 239-249. Ada Bat. 26(3), 1977, p. Chromosome numbers in some Syrian Angiosperms E. Kliphuis Vakgroep populatie- en evolutiebiologie (Department of biosystematics), Utrecht Y.I. Barkoudah Department of Botany, University of Damascus, Syria SUMMARY The chromosome number of 118 plants belongingto 108 species collected in the wild in Syria has been determined. Notes onsome species are given. 1. INTRODUCTION There is no doubt regarding the importance of obtaining chromosome records of individuals within certain for the as many as possible a species understanding of its cytogeography. Fine examples are the investigations by Favarger et al. in Neuchatel (Switzerland), by Skalinska et al. in Cracow (Poland) and by Fernandes et al. in Coimbra (Portugal). In this respect the regular reports by of A. Love in Taxon (IOPB) are also valuable completions. A number data are now available owing to such studies during the last decennia. Most are concerned with the flora of the northern hemisphere, particularly of that of Europe and northern America. However, there are areas with a flora still known from the This is the for instance, very poorly cytological viewpoint. case, with the most eastern part of the mediterranean area. The present study is based material collected in in the of Damas- upon Syria, mainly surroundings of cus. It can be considered as a contribution to,the inventarisation chromo- some numbers in general and for the area mentioned in particular. 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plants were cultivated from seeds collected in the wild by the junior author (B.). The seedlings were potted and from this material roottips were fixed in Karpechenko’s fixative, embedded in paraffine wax, sectioned at 15 micron and stained according to Heidenhain’s haematoxylin method. 240 E. KLIPHUIS AND Y. I. BARKOUDAH From the following localities material was collected: 1 Deir Atiyah, North of Nebk, Antilebanon 2 Near A’adra, 30 km North of Damascus 3 Near Salenkehiye on the Euphrates, North of Meskene 4 Near Ta’as, 7 km North of Salenkehiye 5 Barada valley near Bassima, West of Damascus 6 Near Dimas, 25 km West of Damascus 7 In the neighbourhood of Damascus 8 Near Katana, 40 km South-West of Damascus 9 Aside mainroad to the International Airport of Damascus 10 Seidnaya, 40 km North-West of Damascus 11 Ma’arret Seidnaya, 45 km North of Damascus 12 Jodeidetel Sheibani, Barada valley, 20 km North of Damascus 13 Near Sanamein. 30 km South of Damascus 14 Jabal Kassioun, North of Damascus 15 Near Bloudan, East of Zebdani, Antilebanon 16 Sarghaya, Zebdani, Antilebanon 17 Near Naserah, Tell Kalakh 18 Near Daret Azza, Jabal Simian Voucher specimens of the material investigated are deposited in the Her- barium of Utrecht [U], the Netherlands. 3. RESULTS The results of the counts are given in a table. This table gives a survey of the species investigated, the source of the material, the number of the voucher specimen, and previous counts. In the table the species are arranged alphabetically according to family and genus. The references to previous counts were obtained from compilation works such as: “Chromosome Numbers of Flowering Plants” - Ed. A. A. Federov 1969; “Index to Plant Chromosome Number 1967 1971”; “Regnum Veg- etable91” - Ed. R. J. Mottre 1973 and 1974. respectively, and from the IOPB reports in Taxon by A. Love. For the determination of the material, the following Flora’s were used; “Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrie” P. Mouterde, Beirut, 1966-1970; “Flora of Syria. Lebanon and Sinai” G. E. Post. Beyrouth, 1932; “Flora of - Iraq” C. C. Townsend. E. Guest & Ali Al-Rawi. Bagdad. 1968; “Flora of Palestine” M. Zohary. Jerusalem. 1966. CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN SYRIAN ANGIOSPERMS 241 4. NOTES ON SOME SPECIES Asteraceae 4. Carduus pycnocephalus L. The chromosomes of this species are relatively long and show a tendency to stick together. Due to this, apparently it is difficult to ascertain the exact chromosome number. Moore & Frankton (1962) investigated plants from Chili and thought it was about 2n = 54. This is the same number as reported by Podlech & Dieterle (1969) for the subspecies albides (M. Bieb.) Kazmi found in Afghanistan. Dahlgren et al. (1971) gave 2n = 61-64 in plants from the Baleares, while the exact number 2n = 64 was reported by Kramer et al. (1972) in materialcollected in Malta. Carduus pycnocephalus from Syria had 2n = 32 chromosomes. 17. Tragopogon longirostris Bisch. Within this most have the basic number X = 6, but also the genus species = the with halcanicus number X 7 occurs. This is case T. Vel., (Borsos 1971); T. crocifolius L., (Brock 1955) and T. hybridus L., (Fernandes & Queiros 1971). = - for 2n 12. araratyan (1939 see Federov 1969) reported T. longirostris The plants from Syria clearly showed the number 2n = 14. Boraginaceae 21. Echium parviflora Moench According to Flora Europaea, Echium parviflora has 2n = 16 chromosomes. The number 2n = 12, found in the plant from Syria is aberrant, even for the have 2n = 32, while genus (most species 16 or 2n intraspecific polyploidy occurs). The number 2n = 12 is also known from E. russicum J. F. Melin (syn. E. rubrum Jacq.). The two species, however, can easily be distinguished: E. par- viflorum has blue flowers and has all the stamen completely included in the corolla tubewhich is not the case in E. russicum. Besides this the last mentioned species has red flowers. Brassicaceae 23. Calepina irregularis (Asso) Thell. The determination of this plant gives difficulties. The key in Flora Europaea led to Calepina irregularis (Asso) Thell. Other Flora’s used (see above) to Camelinacf. rumelica Velen. Both species are polymorphic, their exact position uncertain. Camelina all counted to have the chromo- seems In species up now some number 2n = 40 (Podlech & Dieterle 1969). The basic number in = the from chromosomes Calepina is X 7. In plant Syria 2n = 14 were counted. 27. Nesliapaniculata (L.) Desv. subsp. thracica (Vel.) Bomm. This subspecies is often confused with the subspecies paniculata. Distinct morphological differences are mainly found in fruit characters. The sub- 242 E. KLIPHUIS AND Y. I. BARKOUDAH counts previous 64 32 - 14,42 34 16 36 54, 24 10 28 28 10 34 10 14 20,40 34 16 12 36 - 24 16 - 16, 14 22 2n 34 16 36 32 24 10 28 28 28 20 34 10 14 20 34 32 14 36 36 48 12 32 14 16 14 22 146 SI33. S101 S204 Voucher 10 S77;S155 S40B SIO S90, S33 S129 S8 S203 S205 S39 S94; S83 S149 SI S78; S182 S128 S184 S35 S34 S179 S80 S84 S156 S72 SI 3 Locality 2,3 2,6 2,4 1 7 3 1 5 6 1 2, 2 3 3 8 3 8 7 7 8 2 2 4 2 9 1 Boiss. (Wallr.) Thell. Sp. et (Mill.) Jaub. saliva Vis. antiquorum Gaill. M.) et et Gaertn. Thell. Homem. Gaertn. Bisch. var. DC. subsp. L. Evans L. (Moris) (F. Mill. Boiss. Boiss. Cass, Kitt. L. DC. L. (L.) Moench Gouan DC. L. (Asso) (L.) et (L.) Cav. L. (L.) (Hill.) (L.) L. retroflexus lancifolium tinctorius hedypnois stellatus papposa W. longirostris creticum (L.) pycnocephalus crupinastrum blancheanus syriaca marianum oleraceus spinosum strumarium damascenum irregularis annua erucoides vulgare nemausensis pyramidata vemalis parviflorum vesicaria Amaranthus Bupleurum Arctium Carduus Carthamus Crepis Crupina Echinops Filago Garhadiolus Notobasis Rhagadiolus Scorzonera Senecio Silybum Sonchus Tragopogon Xanthium Xanthium Cynoglossum Echium Alyssum Calepina Carrichtera Diplotaxis Eruca Amaranthaceae 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Boraginaceae Brassicaceae Taxon Apiaceae Asteraceae 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN SYRIAN ANGIOSPERMS 243 54 40 _ — _ - _ - _ _ _ 14 36 34 _ _ _ _ 18 36, 30 28 18 40 20. 10 16 14 14 14+2 42 14 14 14 26 36 34 36 36 34 30 20 24 48 24 18 18 30 28 18 40 40 10 18 16 14 14 S142 A 18 S121 S178 S202 S120 SI S41 S26 S26 S7 Sill S103 S168 S71; S131 S122 S38 S68 S126 S51 S145 S29 S40 S85 S183 S60 S45 S99 S199 3 3 8 5 3 3 5 5 5 1 3 3 II 3 3 5 2, 2 9 3 3 13 9 12 2 1 2 9 2 Bark. Bomm. Heldm.) (Vel.) et (Boiss. thracica Sp. Fenzl et anatolica Presl Mill. subsp. St. Hand.-Mazz. Boiss. et Schulz C. Jaub. var. (L.) Boiss. Otth. et Schrad, L. Desv. L. Del. L. L. Murr. ex (Guss.) J. Med. Hochst. (DC.) (Desf.) Bark. Huds. (Fenzl) Boiss. (L.) gypsophiloides Vent. (L.) (L.) Boiss. Nees Decne L. ledifolium L. L. unisiliquosa arabica orientale arabica damascena perfoliata pilosa viscosa diandra rubra syriaca tribuloides torulosa subtilis pyramidata aucheri polymorpha paniculata glastifolia coniflora linearis longipetala makmeliana rigida rosea dentatus Schimpera Sisymbrium Texiera Torularia Ankyropetalum Gypsophila Gypsophila Gypsophila Gypsophila Gypsophila Minuartia Spergularia Spergularia Vaccaria Helianthemum Cephalaria Hippocrepis Neslia Caryophyllaceae Silene Silene Silene Silene Velezia Chenopodiaceae Atriplex Rumex Scabiosa Astragalus Medicago 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. Dipsacaceae 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. Cistaceae 49. 50. 51. Fabaceae 52. 53. 54. 244 E. KLIPHUIS AND Y. I. BARKOUDAH 18 counts 18 16+1,64 32 48 16. 16 32, 16, 32. 10, previous - 20,40 — - — 16 14, 16, 16, 14, 32 44 12 28. 8, 20 20 20 24 18 16 16 12 2n 16 14 32 16 32 44 14 12 32 40 16 8 20 20 20 20 20 18 24 18 S20 S86 SI77; 54 53 59 39 35 Voucher 80 62 S160 SI61 S92; S166 SI64 S57; S181 SI SI2 S81 S22 S62 S173 S87 SI SI SI98 S167 SI SI S158 SI SI 14 Locality 8, 9,2 12 10 16 17 18 14 2.
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