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Orthoptera; Phalangopsidae; Luzarinae)

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Orthoptera; Phalangopsidae; Luzarinae) Lucas Denadai de Campos Estudo taxonômico e filogenético de Eidmanacris Chopard, 1956 (Orthoptera; Phalangopsidae; Luzarinae) Taxonomic and phylogenetic study of Eidmanacris Chopard, 1956 (Orthoptera; Phalangopsidae; Luzarinae) São Paulo 2016 1 Lucas Denadai de Campos Estudo taxonômico e filogenético de Eidmanacris Chopard, 1956 (Orthoptera; Phalangopsidae; Luzarinae) Taxonomic and phylogenetic study of Eidmanacris Chopard, 1956 (Orthoptera; Phalangopsidae; Luzarinae) Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, para a obtenção de Título de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas, na Área de Zoologia. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Silvio Shigueo Nihei São Paulo 2016 ii Ficha Catalográfica Campos, Lucas Denadai de Estudo taxonômico e filogenético de Eidmanacris Chopard, 1956 (Orthoptera; Phalangopsidae; Luzarinae) ix + 246p. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Zoologia. 1. Orthoptera 2. Grylloidea 3. Grilo 4. Taxonomia 5. Filogenia I. Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Biociências. Departamento de Zoologia. Comissão Julgadora: ________________________ _______________________ Prof(a). Dr(a). Prof(a). Dr(a). ______________________ Prof. Dr. Silvio Shigueo Nihei Orientador iii Aos meus amados e sempre presentes, Pai, Mãe e Irmão iv Agradecimentos Sou muito grato ao Dr. Silvio Shigueo Nihei que me recebeu em seu laboratório de braços abertos, me forneceu todo o apoio necessário para desenvolver esta pesquisa. Sempre me incentivou e esteve presente nos momentos em que precisei de sua ajuda e seus conselhos. Muito obrigado pela confiança. Ao Dr. Pedro Guilherme Barrios de Souza-Dias, meus sinceros agradecimentos por ter me acompanhado durante todo esse estudo, mesmo nos momentos difíceis do final de seu doutoramento. Me auxiliou nas minhas diversas questões, nas longas discussões sobre as genitálias dos grilos, e claro, café. À Dra. Laure Desutter-Grandcolas, por ter me recebido em seu laboratório durante meu estágio em Paris no Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. Por ter disponibilizado todo o material necessário para essa pesquisa, me acompanhado durante todo o tempo, discutindo toda a minha lista de caracteres e me incentivando a ampliar a visão sobre minhas questões. Sua contribuição nesse trabalho foi muito valiosa. Ao Dr. Francisco de Assis Ganeo de Mello, quem me introduziu ao mundo dos insetos e principalmente a taxonomia dos grilos. Pelas grandes oportunidades de sair em campo e conhecer melhor a diversidade pelo Brasil afora. Também agradeço pelo empréstimo de todo o material. Esse estudo não aconteceria sem ele. Ao Dr. Marcio Perez Bolfarini, por ter me incentivado nos estudos dos grilos desde o início de minha graduação, além de ser um excelente professor em campo. Obrigado pelas oportunidades e os ensinamentos. À Dra. Eliana Marques Cancello (MZSP), ao Dr. Freddy Bravo (MZUEFS) e ao Dr. Carlos Frankl Sperber (UFV) pelo empréstimo do material. Ao projeto “Biota de Orthoptera do Brasil” e seus integrantes, principalmente aos coordenadores, Dr. Carlos Frankl Sperber, Dr. Francisco de Assis Ganeo de Mello, Dr. Edison Zefa, Dra. Kátia Matiotti e Dra. Karla Suemy Clemente Yotoko. Agradeço também pela disponibilidade do material que foi coletado durante as expedições. Ao projeto SISBIOTA Diptera, em especial ao Dr. Carlos José Einicker Lamas, por ter permitido eu acompanhar uma de suas expedições e coletar parte do material utilizado em minha pesquisa. v Aos integrantes, ex-integrantes e amigos do Laboratório de Sistemática e Biogeografia de Insecta: Thalles, Daniel, Mutreta, Deivys, Primo, Marcelo, Darlan, Quimera, Estér, Isa, Tama, Hifa, Bala e Jorge. Todos me ajudaram de alguma maneira neste trabalho, seja direta ou indiretamente. Aos técnicos Enio Mattos e Phillip Lenktaitis, por terem me auxiliado em diversas questões sobre preparo de material para análises e por terem me acompanhado a diversas sessões de microscopia eletrônica. Ao Departamento de Zoologia e Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, por disponibilizar toda a infraestrutura e recursos necessários para o desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa. À secretaria de Pós-Graduação, principalmente à Erika Harumi Takamoto e Lilian Parpinelli, por todo o auxílio nas questões documentais e burocráticas, desde meu ingresso no programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia). À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) pela bolsa concedida durante o início da minha pesquisa. À Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) pelo financiamento e pela concessão da bolsa de mestrado no país, processo 2014/09863-4. Também pela concessão da Bolsa de Estágio de Pesquisa no Exterior, processo 2015/19112-9. Aos meus amigos da graduação que acompanham minha breve história com os grilos desde o início: Camilão, Nabunda, Gigi, Tapa, Taka, Alguém, Burns e Nirso. Aos meus amigos desde sempre, Chico, G, Fred, Ceará, Brito, Zinho, Take, e em especial, Renata, que me ajudou e me recebeu muito bem durante o meu estágio em Paris. Apesar da distância, vocês sempre me influenciaram muito. Por último, não menos importante, agradeço à minha família. Pai, mãe e irmão. Obrigado por apoiarem e respeitarem minhas decisões. Mesmo longe vocês estão sempre presentes. vi Sumário Resumo .............................................................................................................................. 1 Abstract .............................................................................................................................. 2 Introdução Geral ............................................................................................................. 3 Referências ....................................................................................................................... 7 Objetivos ......................................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 1 – Taxonomic study of Eidmanacris Chopard, 1956 ..................................... 12 Resumo ......................................................................................................................... 13 Abstract ........................................................................................................................ 14 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 15 2. Material and Methods .............................................................................................. 18 2.1. Material of study ........................................................................................... 18 2.2. Field trips ...................................................................................................... 18 2.3. Taxonomic study .......................................................................................... 19 2.4. Abbreviations ................................................................................................ 19 2.5. Scanning Electron Microscopy (S.E.M.) ...................................................... 22 2.6. Distributional data and maps ........................................................................ 22 3. Results ...................................................................................................................... 23 Eidmanacris Chopard, 1956 ................................................................................ 23 Eidmanacris larvaeformis (Chopard, 1938) ........................................................ 30 Eidmanacris alboannulata (Piza, 1960) .............................................................. 36 Eidmanacris dissimilis Desutter-Grandcolas, 1995 ............................................. 42 Eidmanacris fusca Desutter-Grandcolas, 1995 ................................................... 48 Eidmanacris multispinosa Desutter-Grandcolas, 1995 ....................................... 54 Eidmanacris tridentata Desutter-Grandcolas, 1995 ............................................ 59 Eidmanacris bidentata Sperber, 1998 ................................................................. 65 Eidmanacris corumbatai Garcia, 1998 ................................................................ 71 Eidmanacris speluncae (Mello-Leitão, 1937) comb. nov. ................................. 77 Eidmanacris minuta (de Mello, 1990) comb. nov. ............................................ 83 Eidmanacris endophallica (de Mello, 1990) comb. nov. .................................. 89 Eidmanacris scopula sp. nov. ............................................................................. 96 vii Eidmanacris gigas sp. nov. ............................................................................... 102 Eidmanacris neomarmorata sp. nov. ................................................................ 108 Eidmanacris desutterae sp. nov. ....................................................................... 114 Eidmanacris putuhra sp. nov. ........................................................................... 120 Eidmanacris fontanettiae sp. nov. ..................................................................... 126 Eidmanacris melloi sp. nov. .............................................................................. 132 Distribution maps ............................................................................................... 138 Key to species of Eidmanacris (except E. paramarmorata) ............................
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