Pine Creek Watershed Conservation Plan
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The Conowingo Tunnel and the Anthracite Mine Flood-Control Project a Historical Perspective on a “Solution” to the Anthracite Mine Drainage Problem
The Conowingo Tunnel and the Anthracite Mine Flood-Control Project A Historical Perspective on a “Solution” to the Anthracite Mine Drainage Problem Michael C. Korb, P.E. Environmental Program Manager Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Abandoned Mine Reclamation (BAMR) Wilkes Barre District Office [email protected] www.depweb.state.pa.us Abstract Fifty-seven years ago, Pennsylvania’s Anthracite Mine Drainage Commission recommended that the Conowingo Tunnel, an expensive, long-range solution to the Anthracite Mine Drainage problem, be “tabled” and that a cheaper, short-range “job- stimulus” project be implemented instead. Today Pennsylvania’s anthracite region has more than 40 major mine water discharges, which have a combined average flow of more than 285,000 gallons per minute (GPM). Two of these average more than 30,000 GPM, 10 more of the discharges are greater than 6,000 GPM, while another 15 average more than 1,000 GPM. Had the Conowingo Tunnel Project been completed, most of this Pennsylvania Anthracite mine water problem would have been Maryland’s mine water problem. Between 1944 and 1954, engineers of the US Bureau of Mines carried out a comprehensive study resulting in more than 25 publications on all aspects of the mine water problem. The engineering study resulted in a recommendation of a fantastic and impressive plan to allow the gravity drainage of most of the Pennsylvania anthracite mines into the estuary of the Susquehanna River, below Conowingo, Maryland, by driving a 137-mile main tunnel with several laterals into the four separate anthracite fields. The $280 million (1954 dollars) scheme was not executed, but rather a $17 million program of pump installations, ditch installation, stream bed improvement and targeted strip-pit backfilling was initiated. -
Class a Wild Trout Streams
CLASS A WILD TROUT STREAMS STATEWIDE WATER QUALITY STANDARDS REVIEW STREAM REDESIGNATION EVALUATION Drainage Lists: A, C, D, E, F, H, I, K, L, N, O, P, Q, T WATER QUALITY MONITORING SECTION (MAB) DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY STANDARDS BUREAU OF POINT AND NON-POINT SOURCE MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION December 2014 INTRODUCTION The Department of Environmental Protection (Department) is required by regulation, 25 Pa. Code section 93.4b(a)(2)(ii), to consider streams for High Quality (HQ) designation when the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission (PFBC) submits information that a stream is a Class A Wild Trout stream based on wild trout biomass. The PFBC surveys for trout biomass using their established protocols (Weber, Green, Miko) and compares the results to the Class A Wild Trout Stream criteria listed in Table 1. The PFBC applies the Class A classification following public notice, review of comments, and approval by their Commissioners. The PFBC then submits the reports to the Department where staff conducts an independent review of the trout biomass data in the fisheries management reports for each stream. All fisheries management reports that support PFBCs final determinations included in this package were reviewed and the streams were found to qualify as HQ streams under 93.4b(a)(2)(ii). There are 50 entries representing 207 stream miles included in the recommendations table. The Department generally followed the PFBC requested stream reach delineations. Adjustments to reaches were made in some instances based on land use, confluence of tributaries, or considerations based on electronic mapping limitations. PUBLIC RESPONSE AND PARTICIPATION SUMMARY The procedure by which the PFBC designates stream segments as Class A requires a public notice process where proposed Class A sections are published in the Pennsylvania Bulletin first as proposed and secondly as final, after a review of comments received during the public comment period and approval by the PFBC Commissioners. -
NON-TIDAL BENTHIC MONITORING DATABASE: Version 3.5
NON-TIDAL BENTHIC MONITORING DATABASE: Version 3.5 DATABASE DESIGN DOCUMENTATION AND DATA DICTIONARY 1 June 2013 Prepared for: United States Environmental Protection Agency Chesapeake Bay Program 410 Severn Avenue Annapolis, Maryland 21403 Prepared By: Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin 51 Monroe Street, PE-08 Rockville, Maryland 20850 Prepared for United States Environmental Protection Agency Chesapeake Bay Program 410 Severn Avenue Annapolis, MD 21403 By Jacqueline Johnson Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin To receive additional copies of the report please call or write: The Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin 51 Monroe Street, PE-08 Rockville, Maryland 20850 301-984-1908 Funds to support the document The Non-Tidal Benthic Monitoring Database: Version 3.0; Database Design Documentation And Data Dictionary was supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency Grant CB- CBxxxxxxxxxx-x Disclaimer The opinion expressed are those of the authors and should not be construed as representing the U.S. Government, the US Environmental Protection Agency, the several states or the signatories or Commissioners to the Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin: Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia or the District of Columbia. ii The Non-Tidal Benthic Monitoring Database: Version 3.5 TABLE OF CONTENTS BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................................. 3 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. -
COLTON POINT STATE PARK Sanitary Dump Station Walk-In Sites-Tents Only Recycling Center Group Tent Camping Non-Electric Site
To Ansonia & US RT 6, 4.5 Miles 10 Miles East to Wellsboro COLTON POINT STATE PARK c/o Leonard Harrison State Park TO REXFORD (US 6), 12 MI 4797 Route 660 GROUP Wellsboro, PA 16901-8970 NO. 3 Phone: 570-724-3061 COLTON POINT Reservations Are Not Accepted at this Campground STATE PARK GROUP CAMPING AREA Campground is open from the second Friday NO. 2 GROUP in April to the third Sunday in October. NO. 1 CREEK TO ANSONIA & US 6, 4.5 MI ROAD PA 660 To Wellsboro 24 & US 6, 10 MI 21 HOLLOW LEONARD HARRISON 23 PINE STATE PARK 22 CAMPING AREA ROAD 19 PA GRAND CANYON DEADMAN 25 20 CAMPING AREA LOCATION 18 Garbage Disposal COLTON 17 16 13 EXIT NOTE: Camp Road is One Way Traffic. LEGEND 15 7 4 2 Restrooms 14 ENTRANCE Camping Area 6 1 5 3 Registration Vista 12 8 Kiosk 9 ROAD Water 10 11 COLTON Sanitary Dump Station Group Tent Camping TO BLACKWELL (RT. 414), 22 MILES Non-Electric Site Walk-In Sites-Tents Only Recycling Center EQUIPMENT ACCOMMODATION GUIDE Camping Pad Length Ranges From 22' to 38' TO PARK TURNAROUND & PA GRAND CANYON OVERLOOKS Map by Wayne T. Fechter 4/04 Colton Point State Park please contact the Pennsylvania Bureau of Handwashing Leonard Harrison and Colton Point state State Parks: Handwashing and dishwashing are permitted parks are on opposite sides of the Pine Creek 888-PA-PARKS (voice) only where appropriate facilities are available. Gorge, called the Grand Canyon of 888-537-7294 (TTY) Handwashing and dishwashing are prohibited at Pennsylvania. -
Chestnut Growers' Guide to Site Selection and Environmental Stress
This idyllic orchard has benefited from good soil and irrigation. Photo by Tom Saielli Chestnut Growers’ Guide to Site Selection and Environmental Stress By Elsa Youngsteadt American chestnuts are tough, efficient trees that can reward their growers with several feet of growth per year. They’ll survive and even thrive under a range of conditions, but there are a few deal breakers that guarantee sickly, slow-growing trees. This guide, intended for backyard and small-orchard growers, will help you avoid these fatal mistakes and choose planting sites that will support strong, healthy trees. You’ll know you’ve done well when your chestnuts are still thriving a few years after planting. By then, they’ll be strong enough to withstand many stresses, from drought to a caterpillar outbreak, with much less human help. Soil Soil type is the absolute, number-one consideration when deciding where—or whether—to plant American chestnuts. These trees demand well-drained, acidic soil with a sandy to loamy texture. Permanently wet, basic, or clay soils are out of the question. So spend some time getting to know your dirt before launching a chestnut project. Dig it up, roll it between your fingers, and send in a sample for a soil test. Free tests are available through most state extension programs, and anyone can send a sample to the Penn State Agricultural Analytical Services Lab (which TACF uses) for a small fee. More information can be found at http://agsci.psu.edu/aasl/soil-testing. There are several key factors to look for. The two-foot-long taproot on this four- Acidity year-old root system could not have The ideal pH for American chestnut is 5.5, with an acceptable range developed in shallow soils, suggesting from about 4.5 to 6.5. -
Data Quality, Performance, and Uncertainty in Taxonomic Identification for Biological Assessments
J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc., 2008, 27(4):906–919 Ó 2008 by The North American Benthological Society DOI: 10.1899/07-175.1 Published online: 28 October 2008 Data quality, performance, and uncertainty in taxonomic identification for biological assessments 1 2 James B. Stribling AND Kristen L. Pavlik Tetra Tech, Inc., 400 Red Brook Blvd., Suite 200, Owings Mills, Maryland 21117-5159 USA Susan M. Holdsworth3 Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds, US Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Mail Code 4503T, Washington, DC 20460 USA Erik W. Leppo4 Tetra Tech, Inc., 400 Red Brook Blvd., Suite 200, Owings Mills, Maryland 21117-5159 USA Abstract. Taxonomic identifications are central to biological assessment; thus, documenting and reporting uncertainty associated with identifications is critical. The presumption that comparable results would be obtained, regardless of which or how many taxonomists were used to identify samples, lies at the core of any assessment. As part of a national survey of streams, 741 benthic macroinvertebrate samples were collected throughout the eastern USA, subsampled in laboratories to ;500 organisms/sample, and sent to taxonomists for identification and enumeration. Primary identifications were done by 25 taxonomists in 8 laboratories. For each laboratory, ;10% of the samples were randomly selected for quality control (QC) reidentification and sent to an independent taxonomist in a separate laboratory (total n ¼ 74), and the 2 sets of results were compared directly. The results of the sample-based comparisons were summarized as % taxonomic disagreement (PTD) and % difference in enumeration (PDE). Across the set of QC samples, mean values of PTD and PDE were ;21 and 2.6%, respectively. -
( ) Hydropsychidae (Insecta: Trichoptera) As Bio-Indicators Of
ว.วิทย. มข. 40(3) 654-666 (2555) KKU Sci. J. 40(3) 654-666 (2012) แมลงน้ําวงศ!ไฮดรอบไซคิดี้ (อันดับไทรคอบเทอร-า) เพื่อเป2นตัวบ-งชี้ทางชีวภาพของคุณภาพน้ํา Hydropsychidae (Insecta: Trichoptera) as Bio-indicators of Water QuaLity แตงออน พรหมมิ1 บทคัดยอ การประเมินคุณภาพน้ําในแมน้ําและลําธารควรที่จะมีการใชปจจัยทางกายภาพ เคมีและชีวภาพควบคูกัน ไป ปจจัยทางชีวภาพที่มีศักยภาพในการประเมินคุณภาพน้ําในแหลงน้ําคือกลุมสัตว+ไมมีกระดูกสันหลังขนาดใหญที่ อาศัยอยูตามพื้นทองน้ํา โดยเฉพาะแมลงน้ําอันดับไทรคอบเทอรา ซึ่งเป3นกลุมสัตว+ที่มีความหลากหลายมากกลุม หนึ่งในแหลงน้ํา ระยะตัวออนของแมลงกลุมนี้ทุกชนิดอาศัยอยูในแหลงน้ํา เป3นองค+ประกอบหลักในแหลงน้ําและ เป3นตัวหมุนเวียนสารอาหารในแหลงน้ํา ระยะตัวออนของแมลงน้ํากลุมนี้จะตอบสนองตอปจจัยของสภาพแวดลอม ในแหลงน้ําทุกรูปแบบ ระยะตัวเต็มวัยอาศัยอยูบนบกบริเวณตนไมซึ่งไมไกลจากแหลงน้ํามากนัก หากินเวลา กลางคืน ความรูทางดานอนุกรมวิธานและชีววิทยาไมวาจะเป3นระยะตัวออนหรือตัวเต็มวัยของแมลงน้ําอันดับไทร คอบเทอราในประเทศแถบยุโรปตะวันตกและอเมริกาเหนือสามารถวินิจฉัยไดถึงระดับชนิด โดยเฉพาะแมลงน้ํา วงศ+ไฮดรอบไซคิดี้ มีการประยุกต+ใชในการติดตามตรวจสอบทางชีวภาพของคุณภาพน้ํา เนื่องจากชนิดของตัวออน แมลงน้ําวงศ+นี้มีความทนทานตอมลพิษในชวงกวางมากกวาแมลงน้ําชนิดอื่น ๆ 1สายวิชาวิทยาศาสตร+ คณะศิลปศาสตร+และวิทยาศาสตร+ มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร+ วิทยาเขตกําแพงแสน จ.นครปฐม 73140 E-mail: [email protected] บทความ วารสารวิทยาศาสตร+ มข. ปQที่ 40 ฉบับที่ 3 655 ABSTRACT Assessment on rivers and streams water quality should incorporate aspects of chemical, physical, and biological. Of all the potential groups of freshwater organisms that have been considered for -
CONFLUENCE Bike Ride Benefting the Salvation 15 Miles 724-329-8501 PENNSYLVANIA Army
2016 SERVICES & EVENTS LOCAL EVENTS ATTRACTIONS Wind & River Challenge Fallingwater & Bear Run Saturday, June 4 Nature Reserve CONFLUENCE Bike ride benefting the Salvation 15 miles 724-329-8501 PENNSYLVANIA Army. Details @ 814-445-9232 Annual National Road Forbes State Forest WELCOME TO CONFLUENCE Chainsaw Carving Festival 19 miles 724-238-1200 amed for the confuence of the Casselman and June 16-18 www.carvingfest. Fort Necessity National Youghiogheny Rivers and Laurel Hill Creek, confuencelions.org/ this charming valley village is a favorite stop Battlefeld N Addison Community Park 17 miles 724-329-5811 along the Great Allegheny Passage. The town motto, 8 a.m. - 8 p.m. “Where mountains touch rivers,” is ftting given that Confuence is surrounded by some of the highest ridges Old Home Day Kentuck Knob Saturday, June 25 13 miles 724-329-1901 in Pennsylvania. Community Yard Sale, activities in the Here you will discover a classic mid-mountain town Park & the Creative Arts Center, & an complete with a town square and Victorian bandstand. evening concert and BBQ. Laurel Hill Creek A bike shop, local grocery store, café, library, and more www.visitconfuence.info In town 814-445-8974 surround the square. On the west side, along the Fireman’s Day Explore. Experience. Enjoy. Youghiogheny River, are a number of other venues for Lower Humbert Saturday, July 16 Covered Bridge food, lodging, bike & raft rental, and antique shopping. Fireman’s games (including Battle 3 miles 814-395-9380 Like many towns along the Great Allegheny Passage, of the Barrel), children’s activities, Confuence’s growth coincided with the completion of Music, Food, & Games of Chance. -
Abandoned Mine Drainage Workgroup Overview
ABANDONED MINE DRAINAGE The headwaters of the Schuylkill River are located in the serene mountain valleys of Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania. An area rich in scenic beauty and coal mining history, the Little Schuylkill and Upper Schuylkill Rivers are designated cold-water fisheries, and the Schuylkill main stem is a State Scenic River at the confluence of these two tributary waterways. Abandoned Mine Drainage (AMD) is the primary cause of pollution in the Schuylkill River headwaters and the biggest source of metals downstream. AMD is created deep below the ground in abandoned mines where streams, groundwater, and stormwater fill tunnels that were once kept dry by active pumping operations. Water and oxygen react with lingering iron sulfide (pyrite) producing metal-laden and sometimes highly acidic discharges that exit the tunnels in telltale orange and silver plumes, easily visible in these regional surface waters. Abandoned mine discharge Schuylkill PottsvillPottsville River Watershed NJ S Reading ch uy Pottstown lk ill Trenton Riv e Norri r Norristown r PA e iv Philadelphia R Camden re wa N Wilmington la e DE D W E MD S Abandoned mine tunnel AMD interferes with vegetative growth and reproduction of aquatic animals by armoring the streambed with deposits of iron and other metals. Acidity and metals impair both surface and ground drinking water resources and quickly corrode pipes and industrial mechanisms. Unattractive waterways marred by AMD can hinder tourism and recreational opportunities like fishing, boating, and swimming that attract so many people to visit, vacation, and reside in this region. Passive AMD treatment system AMD treatment is expensive, but so is the economic and environmental damage that results from untreated AMD. -
Restoration of the American Chestnut in New Jersey
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Restoration of the American Chestnut in New Jersey The American chestnut (Castanea dentata) is a tree native to New Jersey that once grew from Maine to Mississippi and as far west as Indiana and Tennessee. This tree with wide-spreading branches and a deep broad-rounded crown can live 500-800 years and reach a height of 100 feet and a diameter of more than 10 feet. Once estimated at 4 billion trees, the American chestnut Harvested chestnuts, early 1900's. has almost been extirpated in the last 100 years. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, New Jersey Field Value Office (Service) and its partners, including American Chestnut The American chestnut is valued Cooperators’ Foundation, American for its fruit and lumber. Chestnuts Chestnut Foundation, Monmouth are referred to as the “bread County Parks, Bayside State tree” because their nuts are Prison, Natural Lands Trust, and so high in starch that they can several volunteers, are working to American chestnut leaf (4"-8"). be milled into flour. Chestnuts recover the American chestnut in can be roasted, boiled, dried, or New Jersey. History candied. The nuts that fell to the ground were an important cash Chestnuts have a long history of crop for families in the northeast cultivation and use. The European U.S. and southern Appalachians chestnut (Castanea sativa) formed up until the twentieth century. the basis of a vital economy in Chestnuts were taken into towns the Mediterranean Basin during by wagonload and then shipped Roman times. More recently, by train to major markets in New areas in Southern Europe (such as York, Boston, and Philadelphia. -
NOTICES Program Authorized Under the Pennsylvania Agricultural DEPARTMENT of AGRICULTURE Fair Act (Act) (3 P.S
5663 NOTICES program authorized under the Pennsylvania Agricultural DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Fair Act (act) (3 P.S. §§ 1501—1508.1). It prescribes how Controlled Plant and Noxious Weed Committee the available funds appropriated by the General Assembly Virtual Meeting shall be distributed. This Annual Plan is authorized by section 8(a) of the act (3 P.S. § 1508(a)), has been The Department of Agriculture (Department) an- prepared with the assistance and advice of the Agricul- nounces a virtual public meeting of the Controlled Plant tural Fair Advisory Committee (Committee), and was and Noxious Weed Committee (Committee), established approved by that Committee at its September 21, 2020, by 3 Pa.C.S. § 1511 (relating to designation of noxious meeting. weeds and controlled plants). The meeting will be held The act authorizes the Department to make grants to at 1 p.m. on October 22, 2020, by means of teleconference. organizations conducting eligible agricultural fairs, State- The call in number 1-267-332-8737. The conference ID wide agricultural organizations which contribute to the # 18849425. development of agriculture and agribusiness and to eli- The purpose of the virtual public meeting is to consider gible agricultural youth groups for support of their pro- the addition of seven plants to the noxious weed list. If grams. time permits, these seven plants will be considered at Funds appropriated by the General Assembly to fund this meeting: the act in FY 2020-2021 shall be dispersed by the • Japanese Angelica Tree (Aralia elata) Proposed Class Department as follows, on a funds-available basis, in the AorB following order of priority: • Japanese Hops (Humulus japonica) Proposed Class B 1. -
Shoup's Run Watershed Association
11/1/2004 Shoup Run Watershed Restoration Plan Developed by the Huntingdon County Conservation District for The Shoup Run Watershed Association Introduction Watershed History The Shoup Run, locally known as Shoup’s Run, watershed drains approximately 13,746 acres or 21.8 square miles, in the Appalachian Mountain, Broad Top region of the Valley-Ridge Physiographic Province. Within this province, the area lies within the northwestern section of the Broad Top Mountain Plateau. This area is characterized by narrow valleys and moderately steep mountain slopes. Shoup Run is located in Huntingdon County, but includes drainage from portions of Bedford County. Shoup Run flows into the Raystown Branch of the Juniata River near the community of Saxton at river mile 42.4. Shoup Run has five named tributaries (Figure 1). Approximately 10% of the surface area of the Shoup Run basin has been surface mined. Much of the mining activity was done prior to current regulations and few of the mines were reclaimed to current specifications. Surface mining activity ended in the early 1980’s. There is currently no active mining in the watershed. Deep mines underlie approximately 12% of the Shoup Run watershed. Many abandoned deep mine entries and openings still exist in the Shoup Run Basin. Deep mining was done below the water table in many locations. In order to dewater the mines, drifts were driven into the deep mines to allow water to flow down slope and out of many of the mines. The bedrock in this area is folded and faulted. Tunnels were driven through many different lithologies to allow drainage.