Vol. 3, Issue 1 Special Issue: Comics And/As Rhetoric
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The Journal of Multimodal Rhetorics Vol. 3, Issue 1 Special Issue: Comics and/as Rhetoric Spring 2019 (3:1) 2 Vol. 3, Issue 1: JOMR Special Issue Comics and/as Rhetoric Discussions Editor’s Introduction, by Dale Jacobs................................................p. 3 “Powerful Marginality: Feminist Scholarship through Comics,” by Rachel Rys...................................................................................p. 5 Transcript/access version.........................................................p. 20 “Disidentification, Disorientation, and Disruption: Queer Multimodal Rhetoric in Queer Comics,” by Rachael Ryerson....................p. 49 “Filling in the Gutters: Graphic Biographies Disrupting Dominant Narratives of the Civil Rights Movement,” by Jessica Boykin ..................................................................................................p. 68 “Sex-Education Comics: Feminist and Queer Approaches to Alternative Sex Education,” by Michael J. Faris.....................p. 86 “Rural and Native American Students’ Utilization of Autobiographical Comic Strips to Explore Their Identities through Digital Storytelling in the Multimodal Writing Classroom,” by Tara Hembrough..............................................................................p. 115 Submissions Guidelines...................................................................p. 161 The JOMR Community.....................................................................p. 163 3 Journal of Multimodal Rhetorics Editor’s Introduction Dale Jacobs, University of Windsor ❖ In “The Critique of Everyday Life,” their introductory essay to the first issue of The Journal of Multimodal Rhetorics, Christina V. Cedillo and M. Melissa Elston write, “Multimodal practices not only facilitate communication; they also transmit values and traditions.” Like other multimodal texts, comics act as such sites of communication and complex rhetorical practice, with meanings, values, and traditions continuously negotiated between comics creators, publishers, and readers. Comics provide a rich terrain through which to explore the ways in which multimodal rhetorics and literacies are and can be enacted in everyday life. This intersection of comics and rhetoric is an area of research that has not, as yet, been explored as much as it needs to be. This special issue of The Journal of Multimodal Rhetorics is an attempt to push the conversation on comics and rhetoric forward by presenting five pieces of scholarship that examine the rhetorical uses of comics and the rhetoric surrounding comics in order to think through important questions of multimodality and rhetorical theory. These essays address not only the rhetorical purposes for which comics have been used, but also their rhetorical situations and audiences. We open with Rachel Rys’s “Powerful Marginality: Feminist Scholarship Through Comics,” a piece of scholarship in comics form that showcases the affordances of comics as part of a scholar’s available means of creating and communicating knowledge. In both its argument and form Rys’s work presents a convincing case for the production of scholarship in comics form. In “Disidentification, Disorientation, and Disruption: Queer Multimodal Rhetoric in Queer Comics,” Rachel Ryerson demonstrates how comics can be used as a site for a multimodal queer rhetorics that disrupt normative rhetorics and provide a space for the rhetorical construction of queer identity. Jessica Boykin’s “Filling in the Gutters: Graphic Biographies Disrupting Dominant Narratives of the Civil Rights Movement” examines specific comics— King, March, and Malcolm X—as a way to examine the political rhetorics they present and to show how they can contribute to a re-examination of specific Civil Rights figures through the application of a critical multimodal literacy. Michael Faris, in “Sex-Education Comics: Feminist and Queer Approaches to Alternative Sex Education,” shows how sex-education comics can teach sex and sexuality as civic and relational practices, rather than merely as technical information. In doing so, Faris shows that graphic medicine can act as a form of civic rhetoric as it engages in the rhetorical creation of knowledge. Finally, Tara Hembrough’s Spring 2019 (3:1) 4 “Rural and Native American Students’ Utilization of Autobiographical Comic Strips to Explore Their Identities through Digital Storytelling in the Multimodal Writing Classroom” presents a case study of her own classroom to examine the inclusion of making of comics in the composition classroom. She convincingly argues that such an inclusion not only increases multimodal literacy, but also contributes to the rhetorical construction of identity, especially for marginalized students. Taken together, these essays address the important question: what if we think about the processes of creating and reading comics as fundamentally rhetorical? In presenting these essays, my hope is that we can begin to explore how comics can complicate our ideas of rhetoric and how rhetoric can complicate our ideas about comics. 5 Journal of Multimodal Rhetorics Powerful Marginality: Feminist Scholarship through Comics Rachel Rys, University of California, Santa Barbara This article examines how the comics medium can be used to address epistemological, rhetorical, and representational concerns raised by feminist scholars. Drawing together feminist studies and comics studies theories, I examine how the storytelling tools of the comics medium can create reflexive and situated narratives that make visible the relationship between the reader, the writer, and the text. Building on a growing body of scholarship presented in comics form, I develop my argument through both comics and prose. Through this graphic argument, I explore potential points of connection between feminist epistemology and comics narrative, examining how the comics medium can help feminist researchers to create meaning in ways that center positionality, subjectivity, and multiple truths. Introduction Over the past decade, comics scholars have developed sophisticated frameworks and vocabularies for deconstructing and analyzing feminist comics. By examining feminist comics across a range of genres and eras, these scholars argue that the verbal and visual complexity of the comics medium makes it particularly well suited for telling stories that deal with issues of embodiment, autobiography, and memory. Building on these arguments, I further contend that the comics medium is also well suited for presenting academic feminist research because the medium itself contains powerful storytelling tools that are aligned with feminist approaches to knowledge. In this article, I argue that the comics medium can be useful for feminist scholars who wish to present their research in reflexive and experimental ways. However, rather than just telling you about it— Spring 2019 (3:1) 6 7 Journal of Multimodal Rhetorics Spring 2019 (3:1) 8 9 Journal of Multimodal Rhetorics Spring 2019 (3:1) 10 11 Journal of Multimodal Rhetorics Spring 2019 (3:1) 12 13 Journal of Multimodal Rhetorics Spring 2019 (3:1) 14 15 Journal of Multimodal Rhetorics Spring 2019 (3:1) 16 Notes As I hope this exploratory comic has conveyed, my goal here is to gesture to some of the productive possibilities of the comics medium for feminist researchers who wish to create and share knowledge through emergent and experimental forms. Translating research across medium allows us to explore new rhetorical and representational tools—and to reflect on both the strengths and limits of our current approaches. As this is my first foray into experimental writing and my first attempt at making comics, these twelve comics pages have opened additional lines of both questioning and possibility. The reference to “lines of flight” in my conclusion draws once more from Deleuze and Guattari, who argue that ruptured rhizomes can sprout anew along old lines or create “new lines of flight… directions in motion” (p. 35). This relationship between rhizomes and comics has been explored in multiple works and ways, including as a theoretical framework for analyzing comic book culture (Jeffery, 2016), as a visual metaphor (Sousanis, 2015), and as a flexible storytelling (non-) structure for the digital project Rhizcomics (Helms, 2017). 17 Journal of Multimodal Rhetorics Importantly, metaphors of connection and rupture, of roots and motion, offer powerful metaphors for critically examining identity and identity formation (Rodríguez, 2003, p. 22). Because reflexivity plays such a significant role in feminist studies scholarship, it comes as no surprise that many of the storytelling tools I analyze in this piece have been primarily discussed within the context of autobiographical and life writing comics. In fact, the first sections of my argument refer to a specific subset of narrative tools that are often used in first-person, single-authored comics—those that include an embodied version of the author-narrator on the page. For feminist scholars, this close attention to the embodiment, practices, and habits of everyday life is essential. As Tolmie (2013) argues, comics are “precisely about matters of essential cultural urgency at the everyday level…” (p. xvi). Hillary Chute (2010) further argues that the ability to visualize the “ongoing procedure of self and subjectivity constructs ‘ordinary’ experiences as relevant and political” (p. 140). This visuality facilitates a political reading of everyday events, such as the panel below that brings together scenes from