EARLY WARNING/EARLY ACTION JAN-FEB 2016 EAST AFRICA EARLY WARNING REPORT JAN-FEB 2016

$530,000,000 in Regional Programming Assisting over 16,500,000 Children In 9 Countries With more than 6300 Staff

ALERTS ETHIOPIA DROUGHT BURUNDI ESSENTIAL SERVICES DELIVERY SOUTH SUDAN CONFLICT FOOD INSECURITY

EARLY WARNING/EARLY ACTION JAN-FEB 2016 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

BURUNDI INSTABILITY—WORSENING ETHIOPIA DROUGHT—NSC

KENYA STABLE—IMPROVED RWANDA STABLE—NSC SOMALIA COMPLEX—NSC S. SUDAN COMPLEX—NSC SUDAN COMPLEX—NSC TANZANIA STABLE—IMPROVED

UGANDA FOOD INSECURITY—WORSEING

SEVERITY INDEX NSC= NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGE METHODOLOGY

Information for this Early Warning/Early Action document is gathered from varying sources through desk top assessments, per- sonal interviews and anecdotal understanding of humanitarian contexts throughout the region. This document is produced monthly and has been developed to provide a snap shot of important information for World Vision managers to promote and track trends relevant to their work.

The main goal of this document is to facilitate World Vision manager’s decision making on next steps towards promoting a response, tracking a response or closing a response. All references for information can be supplied upon request, but have not been included here due to space constraints. In general, information is gleaned from World Vision data, UNHCR, IOM, WFP, UNOCHA, UNICEF and other partners existing reports as and when appropriate.

EARLY WARNING/EARLY ACTION JAN-FEB 2016 BURUNDI $16.6 M USD in PROGRAMMING 188 STAFF 18 OFFICES IN 7 PROVINCES 40,048 CHILDREN ASSESSED MONTHLY INSTABILITY—WORSENING

Malnutrition levels have risen with current food insecurity and deterioration in health services; this trend is projected to continue as the causes are mainly structural.

The education system will witness a deterioration in terms of performance, facilities and attendance as donors close taps on support to social programs. The ongoing food insecurity and political tensions in the country will continue to contribution to poor enrolment, absenteeism and poor performance over the coming months.

Like other sectors, health will be negatively affected by the country economy deterioration as results of donor disengagement to support the country. Some health programs may be suspended, hence endangering lives. El Nino effects are expected to be felt in season B (February-June) which may bring about disease outbreak such cholera and waterborne diseases.

Negative coping mechanisms occasioned by political and economic hardships are likely to lead to an errosion in the productive assets; farming inputs such as seeds and tools likely to be limited in quality and quantity over the next planting season; poor crop situation likely to result in the coming months.

Ongoing harvest season projected to bring improvenetns in food security situation for households not affected by political turmoil. However, increases in prices of staple foods, trade disruptions between neighboring con- tries will continue to lead to negative food security outcomes for hundreds of thousands over the coming months.

No influx of refugees into Burundi reported. The reintegration of Burundian returnees is ongoing with ten- sions reported between them and host community. Over 217,000 Burundians are seeking refuge in the neighboring countries of Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda and DRC.

Internally displaced estimated at about 15,000; this number is however difficult to verify. Internal displacement trends likely to be affected by the outcome of the ongoing peace talks.

The crisis has subsided with the commencement of AU led dialogue in Uganda and Tanzania. However, disa- greements over opposition representation and agenda will continue to cause tensions within Burundi over the coming months. The United Nations Security Council, the AU and EAC have ramped up efforts to prevent the further deterioration of the situation. Increased international sanctions against Burundi, including the re- duction of aid (which accounts for up to 80% of social services budgets) are hurting the civilian population the most.

The Feb-April rain season period is characterized by heavy rains which are expected to be harsh this time due to El Nino effect. Flooding and landslides which have been reported in the Imbo and Mirwa communes are expected to be more severe in the coming months.

EARLY WARNING/EARLY ACTION JAN-FEB 2016 ETHIOPIA $77.5 M USD in PROGRAMMING 1500 STAFF 68 OFFICES IN 8 PROVINCES 157,400 CHILDREN ASSESSED MONTHLY DROUGHT—NSC

The National Disaster Risk Management Coordination Commission’s (NDRMCC), Emergency Nutrition Co- ordination Unit (ENCU) released the revised nutrition hotspot classification in December 2015. In 2015, the number of areas needing urgent humanitarian support (hotspot priority 1) increased from 40 woredas in Feb- ruary to 186 woredas in December 2015, reflecting the deteriorated humanitarian context. The HRD projec- tion indicated: 0.4M SAM and 1.7M MAM caseload for 2016.

There are indications that children attending school will be affected by the ongoing drought. Monitoring this situation is critical for continuity of education and protection of children.

A strain of meningitis C is now circulating among refugees in Gambella (11 suspected cases and four con- firmed). An emergency vaccination campaign will be launched in the affected refugee camp and surrounding host community. In addition, 33 suspected cases of acute watery diarrhea in Moyale woredas of Oromia and Somali regions, bordering Kenya, are currently under investigation by the Government and partners.

Drought in the eastern highland farming areas led to loss of crops. Forecasted performance of the meher pro- duction season has already resulted in rising food prices and declining terms of trade as farmers and pastoral- ists in the drought affected areas have sold their livestock for progressively lower prices. Missed cropping sea- sons in some areas, and total failure of planted crops in others exacerbated food insecurity situation. Irrigation -based crop cultivation totally failed as well, as a result of reduced river water volume and flood water coming from the Tigray highlands.

Projected 10.2 M people in need of emergency food assistance in 2016, 435,000 children under five and 1.7 M children, pregnant and lactating women requiring specialized nutritional support. Current food need is $1.1 B. Out of the total 10.2 M beneficiaries, 1,290,968 beneficiaries (12.6 % of total beneficiaries) exist in WVE oper- ational areas. The number of beneficiaries in 34 programme areas alone are 1.4 M people.

There are 821,200 refugees from South Sudan, Somalia and Eritrea currently in the country. Numbers contin- ue to increase. This is the largest population of refugees in the region and needs continued and consistent support.

There are 440,000 Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Ethiopia due to flooding and violent clashes over scarce resources.

At present, about 8.2 M people are receiving emergency food assistance. This figure is expected to increase to 10.2M due to failure of both belg and meher rain which adversely affected crop and livestock performance. The poor performance of Kiremnt rain resulted reduction of ground water table and discharging capacity of water structures and schemes. deterioration Furthermore, high risks of communicable disease outbreaks are anticipated in the country due to the drought and scarcity of potable water and vaccinations.

NE Tigray, N Afar, E/C Amhara and western and southwestern parts of the country received normal rainfall. S/SW parts of the country experienced short rains favoring grass/fodder production.

EARLY WARNING/EARLY ACTION JAN-FEB 2016 KENYA $88 MILLION USD in PROGRAMMING Over 1000 STAFF 56 OFFICES IN 35 COUNTIES 156,658 CHILDREN ASSESED MONTHLY STABLE

Nutrition status remained very critical in Turkana and pockets of Marsabit North and Mandera and Critical in Wajir, Marsabit and Isiolo Counties. The situation is expected to improve with the availability of pasture which will lead to increased milk production and migration of livestock back to the settlement areas.

Many schools are at risk to severe damages during rainy seasons: Elgeyo Marakwet, Isiolo, Makueni, Tana Riv- er, Kiambu, Murang'a, West Pokot, Homa Bay, Vihiga, Kakamega, Kilifi and Nandi counties. New threat of a teachers strike related to contractual negotiations and performance evaluations.

Outbreak of diseases, e.g. malaria, cholera, diarrheal diseases especially in Dadaab, Kisumu, Tana River, Migori, Isiolo, Homa Bay and West Pokot. Constraints with routine emergency referral of medical emergencies ongo- ing due to structural inadequacies. Cholera outbreak was reported in Garissa and Wajir Counties

Food prices are stable and expected to remain so due to harvest in the North Rift and fast maturing crops in Marginal Agricultural clusters. Maize supply is likely to continue increasing with anticipated good harvest of short rain crop. Overall, national food availability is normal, and most areas of western and central Kenya are likely to remain in Minimal (IPC Phase 1)

Most areas of western, Central Rift, South Rift and central Kenya are in Minimal (IPC Phase 1) as the long rains harvest and imports continue to keep markets well supplied. Most areas of Kenya received above-average short rains, driven by El Niño. In pastoral areas, the short rains led to the seasonal recovery of rangeland, increasing livestock productivity. Further improvements are expected through March, with more households moving to None (IPC Phase 1), although many will remain Stressed (IPC Phase 2).

Kenya hosts approximately 600,000 refugees, mainly from Somalia and South Sudan, in the Dadaab and Ka- kuma camps out of which WVK is handling 225,000 Refugees (125,000 in Dadaab and 100,000 in Kakuma)

Localized flooding and mudslides/landslides were reported in northwestern and northeastern pastoral areas and southeastern and coastal marginal agricultural areas. Although less extensive than previously expected, National Disaster Operation Center (NDOC) reported that the heavy rains resulted in approximately 103 deaths and displaced nearly 70,000 people.

No significant tensions to report that would lead to violence or destabilization.

Most parts of the country experienced excessive rainfall that led to localized flooding, landslides/mudslides and loss of life and property in various parts of the country. Makindu and Garissa were the only stations in the entire country that experienced depressed rainfall (less than 75 percent of their seasonal Long-Term Means (LTMs). Rains are projected to unseasonably continue.

EARLY WARNING/EARLY ACTION JAN-FEB 2016 RWANDA $33$33.5.5 M M USD USD in PROGRAMMING in PROGRAMMING 300300 STAFF STAFF 3030 OFFICES OFFICES IN 17 IN DISTRICTS 17 DISTRICTS 83,632 CHILDREN ASSESSED MONTHLY

STABLE—NSC

Nutrition indicators in Rwanda mainly related to chronic food insecurity and health issues. No significant changes anticipated in the coming months.

Net enrollment rate in primary education is at 96.6%, drop -out rate is 11.1% and proportion of youth who are functionally literate stands and 76%. No foreseeable changes in the coming months, situation likely to remain stable.

With the onset of the rainy season, and projected above normal rains in most parts of the country, there is the risk of flooding and an upsurge in public health issues such as diarrheal diseases and malaria. However, the government and agencies have prepared adequately through an intensive awareness campaign and stocking of essential items in select locations.

Average to above-average Season A rains were received in most areas of Rwanda, supporting favorable crop production. However, In Eastern Semi-Arid Agro Pastoral livelihood zone, there was an erratic start to Season A rains, consequently, below-average Season A harvests are expected in this livelihood zone.

Food security is expected to improve in most regions with the start of Season A harvests in late December. As a result, the majority of households are expected to remain in, or improve to Minimal (IPC Phase 1) acute food insecurity.

146,097 refugees are hosted in Rwanda as of 31st December 2015. Refugee influxes over the coming months will depend on the political process in Burundi and the conflict situation in Eastern DRC.

Rising political instability in Burundi and the DRC could precipitate renewed conflict and result in additional inflows of refugees, compromising income and food sources for poor host populations, by mitigating anticipat- ed improvements in household food security.

Average to above-average season A rains were received in most areas of Rwanda but the Eastern Semi-Arid Agro Pastoral livelihood zone experienced an erratic start to season A rains and below average rainfall.

EARLY WARNING/EARLY ACTION JAN-FEB 2016 SOMALIA $60 M USD in PROGRAMMING 340 STAFF SERVING ALL 3 REGIONS OVER 800,000 ASSISTED COMPLEX—NSC

Awdal has been identified as a hotspot for acute malnutrition in Somalia, as the GAM rate is critical, meaning that the GAM prevalence is 15% or higher (FSNAU Technical Series Post Gu). In a FSNAU Nutrition Update in September 2015, it was identified that the overall GAM rate was 22.3% (Critical) and the overall SAM rate was 5.9% (Very Critical). There was prediction the when the rain started in October, the nutrition situation would improve.

NSC

It was noted that the morbidity prevalence was high, with one out of every five children (21.5%) suffering from some common childhood illnesses in the two weeks prior to the assessment (September Nutrition Update). In Awdal Region (W Golis/Guban livelihood), only 42.4% of children U5 received Vitamin A during the past 6 months (FSNAU Technical Series Post Gu), which is below the average for Somaliland (74.5%) and far below the acceptable standard of 80% for pastoral populations. Furthermore, measles coverage is low at 47% (September Nutrition Update). It is clear that even though the current levels of mortality are below the emer- gency threshold, serious levels of morality accompanied by very critical SAM level suggests children in Guban are at a very high risk of death if left untreated.

NSC

Based on the Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit's preliminary outlook, acute food insecurity is persist inmost parts of Somalia although slight improvements are expected in some pastoral, agropastoral and riverine livelihoods of southern regions. The overal number of people in Crisis (IPC Phase 3) and Emergecny (IPC Phase 4) is expected to remain stable or increase slightly in the first half of 2016 particularly in drought affect- ed areas of North, while most rural livelihoods are likely to be classified as Minimal or Stressed (IPC Phase 2)

Between 27 March to 3 December 2015, a total of 29,924 refugees have arrived in Somalia from Yemen. 4,314 Yemeni prima facie refugees registered in Somalia since 27 March, 18,360 arrivals registered at reception cen- ters in Berbera, Bossaso and Mogadishu, 54% of registered arrivals expressing intention to return toMogadishu and 9,670 provided with onward transport assistance

Between September and November 2015, an estimated 77,789 persons were internally displaced across Soma- lia, 28% of these was due to evictions (22,089), 24% due to floods(18,944), 16% due to military offensive (12,633), 11 % due to toher insecurity (8,935), 5% due to clan conflict, 4% due to cross border movements and the remaining 11 % was contributed by others (7,190) including lack of livelihoods, clan conflicts and oth- ers.

Politically instigated clashes that erupted in Galkayo resulted in large number of human deaths and widespread displacements to neighboring towns. Despite a ceasefire jointly mediated by the Federal Governments of So- malia and other regional administrations such as Jubaland State and South West state in conjunction with re- gional bodies such as IGAD, the situation calmed down a bit but still remains in dangerous standoff.

Average to above average rains with good spatial and temporal distribution fell in most parts of the southern and central regions of the country as well as some parts in the Sool and Togdheer regions in North west. However, the rains were below average in large parts of Bari and Nugal regions of the North East and some parts of Awdal, W.Galbeed, Sool and Sanaag regions of the Northwest.

EARLY WARNING/EARLY ACTION JAN-FEB 2016 S. SUDAN $69 M USD in PROGRAMMING 887 STAFF OPERATING IN 13 STATES 121,000 CHILDREN REACHED COMPLEX—NSC

In 2015, 131,279 children have been admitted for the treatment of severe acute malnutrition. This is 50 per cent more than were admitted in 2014 and 71 per cent more than in 2013. Of those 88.3 percent were dis- charged as cured, above the SPHERE standard of 75 per cent.

The on-ongoing crisis has aggravated an already difficult situation in South Sudan, with low rates of enrolment, limited girls' participation in schooling and poor school infrastructure. To date, 400,000 children forced out of school by conflict; 70% of schools in the three conflict affected states non-functional; 33 schools being used for military purposes; <10% of children complete primary school). Through the Back to Learning Initiative, 358,094 children gained access to learning opportunities, including 264,332 conflict affected children provided with education services and 93,762 children out of school for other reasons returned to the classroom.

Malaria incidence is declining in Bentiu PoC but remains above epidemic threshold while in Malakal PoC, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Western Bahr el Ghazal, and Warrap state, the malaria incidence has returned to pre-epidemic transmission levels.

As the harvest season progresses (October to December), the food security situation is improving as house- holds have access to food from their own production and income from crop sales. Households also have greater access to fish, livestock products and wild foods. However, improvements are likely to be lower than in typical years. Some 2.6 million people are expected to continue to face severe food insecurity through Janu- ary, most of whom are in Unity, Upper Nile and Jonglei States.

An acute food Emergency (IPC Phase 4) continues in central Unity state and will extend to parts of Jonglei and Upper Nile states worst affected by conflict between January and March 2016 as conflict continues to severely limit food availability and access, and significantly restrict market functioning. Larger areas of Greater Upper Nile and Eastern Equatoria state are in Crisis (IPC Phase 3) as many households still face significant difficulty meeting their basic food needs. Prices of staple foods and essential commodities continue to increase atypical- ly or remain high.

Since fighting erupted in December 2013, the total number of Refugees hosted in South Sudan is 265,000. Re- versely, more than 645,000 South Sudan are refugees in neighboring countries.

New fighting in parts of Western Equatoria State has triggered a fresh wave of internal displacement and the relocation of humanitarian workers. More than 2,500 people, including refugees in South Sudan and citizens from Ezo County, fled to neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo. 2.3 million people are internally dis- placed in South Sudan.

Despite the signing of the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan in Au- gust 2015, violence continues to affect civilians in Unity, Upper Nile, Jonglei, Lakes, Western Equatoria and Central Equatoria. New government is to take effect January 22, potential for stability remains tenuous.

Persistent significant rainfall deficits extended across Jonglei, Eastern Equatoria, and Central Equatoria. These conditions are seriously impacting the second agriculture season, mainly in parts of Central Equatoria and across most of Eastern Equatoria.

EARLY WARNING/EARLY ACTION JAN-FEB 2016 SUDAN $39 M USD in PROGRAMMING 500 STAFF 3 OFFICES IN 3 STATES 566,668 CHILDREN ASSESSED MONTHLY COMPLEX—NSC

58.6% of the nutrition requirements in Sudan are unmet valued at $39.4 as of first November 2015, funding for the Nutrition Sector reached 41.4%. According to the Humanitarian Need Overview, 2 milliom people are in need to Nutrition assitance and the target for 2015 is 1.5 million children under 5, pregnant and lactating women (PLW) and as of november 2015 only 816,000 people are assisted.

As of November 2015, funding for the Education Sector reached 55% per cent with an increase of 22% than October 2015 to Sudan Humantarian Dashboard issued by OCHA. From January to August 2015, the Educa- tion Sector assisted 113,000 children with essential learning and recreational assistance, 80,000 children bene- fited from the construction/rehabilitation of temporary learning spaces and 950,000 children across Sudan were assisted through school feeding programmes. Number of children out of primary schools is 2,811,000 which represents 48% of the total number of school going age children according to SOWC 2015.

According to MoH, a total of 571 suspected dengue fever cases, including 133 deaths, were reported in Sudan by December 2015. The outbreak has affected Darfur, Kassala and Kordofan states. Mycetoma Disease in Khartoum has so far affected 10,000 persons and only 7,000 persons provided with treatment. 5,200,000 peo- ple in Sudan are in need to Health assistance, the target for 2015 was 4,500,000 out of which 3,100,000 were assisted - 48.1% of the health needs remain unfunded.

More people will require humanitarian assistance during the lean season this year mainly due to lower than average crop harvests. Yields are below average across most parts of the country due to the late and low rain- fall during the main June - October rainy season associated with El Niño. Families in areas where there has been no harvest have already exhausted last year’s food stocks and are now purchasing food from the mar- kets.

The below-average harvest has led to the rise in staple food prices in the main markets of Sudan, while staple food prices in surplus-producing areas have remained stable due to availability of food stocks from last year. Pasture deficit—due to low rains—and the increase in staple food prices has forced livestock owners in some parts North Kordofan, Kassala, White Nile and West Kordofan states to sell their livestock, leading to a de- cline in livestock prices. This decline will likely reduce the purchasing power of households in these areas. This, combined with the reduced access to food from their own harvest, is likely to result in an earlier onset of the lean season in March 2015.

There has been a decrease in the number of refugees by 14,073 since last reported, mainly due to a recent verification exercise done by the World Food Programme (WFP) in South and West Kordofan states in mid- December. The decrease was mostly in West Kordofan’s Kharasana area

IDPs in Sudan are totalling 3,100,000 out of which 2,500,000 in Darfur. A joint rapid needs assessment (WV, WFP and OCHA) was conducted in South Darfur’s Khor Abeche village the information, the mission found that food stocks have been depleted. WV Sudan commodity's team met WFP on the bases of the assessment and WFP agreed to provide one month ration for the Khor Abeche, Kuramji and Negia IDPs.

South Kordofan, Blue Nile and Darfur remain unpredictably calm. As a bordering nation to South Sudan and CAR, displacement in these countries equally contribute to destabilization for the region. In Red Sea State, the number of South Sudanese reached to 198,707 up to 20 Decemer 2015, specially in White Nile and South Kordofan States.

EARLY WARNING/EARLY ACTION JAN-FEB 2016 TANZANIA $39 M USD in PROGRAMMING 589 STAFF WORKING IN 13 REGIONS 127,113 CHILDREN ASSESSED MONTHLY STABLE—IMPROVED

Sharp drops in malnutrition rates in Tanzania. No significant issues expected over the coming months.

NSC

Cholera cases likely to be on the decline in the coming months as government and partners strengthen gains made in the public health awareness campaigns. The cholera response has had support from the highest levels of government.

Farmers currently preparing farms for the expected early rains of March. Vuli rains have been late in coming and farmers encouraged to plant drought resistant crops in anticipation of a drier season ahead.

Central regions (Including Dodoma and Singida) are bracing for food shortages due to a severe drought that afflicted the central part of the country, damaging food crops and resulting into tumbling yields and soaring cereal prices - increases in food prices likely to persist into the coming months.

The new refugees influx from Burundi is 125,798. The average arrival of new refugees from Burundi is oscil- lating, from 150 individuals per day to 400 depending in political situation in Burundi. The influx of refugees is totally dependent on the ongoing peace talks in Arusha.

NSC

The whole country is expecting normal rainfall and a bit above normal

EARLY WARNING/EARLY ACTION JAN-FEB 2016 UGANDA $63.8 M USD in PROGRAMMING 725 STAFF 53 OFFICES IN 41 DISTRICTS 128,633 CHILDREN ASSESSED MONTHLY STABLE/LOCALIZED FOOD INSECURITY—WORSENING

The prevalence of food insecurity is high with up to 62% of households classified as food insecure in districts like Moroto. Prevalence of wasting among children is high in the region with all but one districts showing seri- ous or critical levels. Moroto has the highest GAM and SAM prevalence of 18% and 6% respectively. In addi- otn, 32% of women are underweight in Karamoja, with the highest prevalence noted in Moroto district.

NSC

The MoH has warned that a series of diseases such as cholera, bilharzia and typhoid are expected to break out in at least 32 districts during the El Nino season expected to last until February 2016, in the mountainous Rwenzori sub-region in the west, Elgon sub-region in the east and several low lying districts susceptible to flooding.

Average retail prices for maize grain, sorghum and beans were relatively stable in Karamoja in November compared to October 2015. The Terms of Trade for both goat prices and daily causal labour wage rates against maize grain this year have continued to deteriorate compared to November 2014. In the rest of the country, average retail prices for maize grain, sorghum and maize flour increased in November compared to

In Karamoja, below-average harvests are limiting household access to own-produced foods and the reconstitu- tion of stocks during the current post-harvest period. Households will purchase more food than usual from the market and for a longer period of time in order to meet food needs. Very poor households may not be able to afford all livelihoods protection needs and will be in Stressed (IPC Phase 2) between October 2015 and March 2016.

Uganda hosts a total of 512,966 refugees and asylum seekers from DR Congo (42%), South Sudan (39%), Somalia (7%) and Burundi (6%). Of these, 92% are refugees and 8% are asylum-seekers.

Uganda is preparing for Presidential elections in February 2016, and the different political parties are currently in the campaigning period. There have been increased incidences of violence of recent in both Western and Eastern Uganda.

In its monthly rainfall analysis for November 2015, Uganda National Meterology Authority (UNMA) indicates that most parts of the country received above normal (average) rainfall compared with Long Term Mean (LTM) rainfall. Enhanced rainfall was evident in all parts of the country but more pronounced in Western, Central and Eastern parts of Uganda with Kampala station recording the highest monthly total rainfall of 343.5mm followed by Soroti with 310.6mm and Kawanda with 268.8mm. The rainfall distribution, both in time and space, is expected to remain generally good especially over the western, southern, central and Eastern parts of the country. However, the seasonal rainfall is expected to cease over the northern parts and continue in other parts of the country especially the western, Central and Eastern Uganda extending into January and February 2016.

EARLY WARNING/EARLY ACTION JAN-FEB 2016 REGIONAL CONTACTS

HUMANITARIAN AND WORLD VISION EMERGENCY AFFAIRS EMAIL NATIONAL OFFICE MANAGER

BURUNDI Donatien Bigiraneza [email protected]

ETHIOPIA Getenew Zewdu [email protected]

KENYA Mary Njeri [email protected]

RWANDA Angelot Gashumba [email protected]

SOMALIA Patricia Gimode [email protected]

SOUTH SUDAN Fred McCray [email protected]

SUDAN Abuzerr Abdalla [email protected]

TANZANIA Lukindo Hiza [email protected]

UGANDA Enid K. Ocaya [email protected]

EAST AFRICA (KE) Christopher Hoffman [email protected]

FUNDING PARTNERS Non-exhaustive