DOCSLIB.ORG

WRA Species Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
WRA Species Report Designation = High Risk WRA SCore = 12 Family: Crassulaceae Taxon: Crassula multicava Synonym: C. quadrifida Bak. Common Name: Cape Province pygmyweed Fairy crassula Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: H(HPWRA) Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 12 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- Intermediate substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- Low high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 y 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n Print Date: 7/27/2011 Crassula multicava (Crassulaceae) Page 1 of 7 Designation = High Risk WRA SCore = 12 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 y 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 y 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 y areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 y 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 y 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: H(HPWRA) WRA Score 12 Print Date: 7/27/2011 Crassula multicava (Crassulaceae) Page 2 of 7 Designation = High Risk WRA SCore = 12 Supporting Data: 101 2005. South African National Biodiversity [Is the species highly domesticated? No. No evidence] "C. multicava is a Institute. PlantzAfrica.com - Crassula multicava moderate to fast growing, mat-forming, evergreen groundcover up to ± 300 mm, Lem.. that produces an outstanding uniform effect when planted in masses. As with all http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantcd/crassmulticav members of the genus, the glossy, oval to round leaves are formed in opposite .htm pairs. They are light to dark green depending on the position in the garden, darker in the shade and paler in semi-shade to sunny places. The flowers are petite, charming little stars hence the common name fairy crassula, and appear in masses above the attractive leaves. The leaves contain hydathodes (water secreting pores), which serve for rapid absorption of water from the leaf surface." 102 2011. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 103 2011. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 201 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 1-intermediate] "Native to the Garden Flora - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Cape of Good Hope…Coming as it does from a temperate climate, C. multicava Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop does best in Hawaii at higher, cooler elevations, such as Kokee on Kauai and Museum Press, Honolulu, HI around Volcano and Waimea on the Big Island." 202 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical [Quality of climate match data? 0-low] "Native to the Cape of Good Garden Flora - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Hope…Coming as it does from a temperate climate, C. multicava does best in Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop Hawaii at higher, cooler elevations, such as Kokee on Kauai and around Volcano Museum Press, Honolulu, HI and Waimea on the Big Island." 203 2011. Dave's Gardern. PlantFiles: PlantFiles: [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? No] "Hardiness: USDA Zone Fairy Crassula - Crassula multicava. 9b: to -3.8 °C (25 °F) USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1 °C (30 °F) USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7 http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/58166/ °C (35 °F) USDA Zone 11: above 4.5 °C (40 °F)" 204 2005. South African National Biodiversity [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "C. Institute. PlantzAfrica.com - Crassula multicava multicava occurs on forest margins, river and stream banks, and in coastal and Lem.. subtropical thickets from Mpumulanga, Natal to the Eastern and s outhern Cape." http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantcd/crassmulticav .htm 204 2005. Wagner, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Lorence, D.H.. [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] Flora of the Hawaiian Islands website. "Crassula multicava Harv. Status: Naturalized Distribution: K (Waimea Canyon)" Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. [Kauai, Hawaiian Island] http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawai ianflora/index.htm 205 2011. Dave's Gardern. PlantFiles: PlantFiles: [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Fairy Crassula - Crassula multicava. range? Yes] Widely cultivated ornamental http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/58166/ 301 1995. Lorence, D.H./Flynn, T.W./Wagner, W.L.. [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Crassula multicava is native to the Cape Contributions to the flora of Hawai‘i. III. New Province of South Africa. This is a new naturalized record of this species in the additions, range extensions, and rediscoveries of Hawaiian Islands. On Kauai it has spread from cultivated plants and has become flowering plants. Bishop Museum Occasional naturalized locally in the Kokee region along a road through eucalyptus plantings Papers. 41: 19-58. in mesic forest where it is spreading vegetatively via plantlets produced by the fruiting inflorescences and possibly also by seed." 301 1998. Csurhes, S./Edwards, R.. Potential [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "A succulent plant native to South Africa environmental weeds in Australia: Candidate (Swarbrick and Skarratt 1994) which has naturalised in Victoria. The numerous species for preventative control. Biodiversity small populations threaten dry sclerophyll forest and woodlands, dry coastal Group, Environment Australia, Canberra, vegetation and rock outcrop vegetation (Carr et al. 1992)." Australia 301 2002. Wotherspoon, S.H./Wotherspoon, J.A.. [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Approximately 60% of the plant species The evolution & execution of a plan for invasive we now consider invasive on Rangitoto were probably introduced to the island as weed eradication & control, Rangitoto Island, garden plants. The garden plants that have naturalised are typically succulent Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. Pp. 381-288 in (e.g. Crassula, Sedum, Aloe, Bryophyllum spp.)…" Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species. IUCN, Gland 301 2006. Domingues de Almeida, J./Freitas, H.. [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Six years after our last study on the Exotic naturalized flora of continental Portugal – exotic naturalized flora of continental Portugal, we present a reassessment. In A reassessment. Botanica Complutensis. 30: 1999, we have considered the existence of 500 exotic species of vascular plants 117-130. (invasive or more or less naturalized). From 1999 until now 64 new plant species records were added (12.8 % more), attaining now a total number of 564 taxa (including, as in precedent works, species, subspecies and some hybrids), belonging to 113 families." [Table 2. Crassula multicava naturalized in 1999] Print Date: 7/27/2011 Crassula multicava (Crassulaceae) Page 3 of 7 Designation = High Risk WRA SCore = 12 301 2006. Howell, C.J./Sawyer, J.W.D.. New Zealand [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Crassula multicava = Fully naturalised" naturalised vascular plant checklist. New Zealand [New Zealand] Plant Conservation Network, Wellington, NZ www.nzpcn.org.nz 301 2010.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Crassula Connata (Ruiz & Pav.) A
    Crassula connata (Ruiz & Pav.) A. Berger et al. in Engl. & Prantl erect pygmy-weed Crassulaceae - stonecrop family status: State Threatened, BLM strategic rank: G5 / S1S2 General Description: A dapted from Douglas et al. (1998-2002): A reddish annual herb that roots nodally. Stems hairless, ascending or erect, freely branching, 2-6 cm tall. Leaves opposite, pairs fused around the stem, entire, succulent, oblong to egg-shaped, 1.5-6 mm long. Floral Characteristics: Flowers axillary, generally 2 per leaf pair, usually 4-parted, greenish, and sessile or short-stalked, but stalk lengthening in fruit. Sepals 4, fused at the base, lanceolate with an acute to acuminate tip. Petals whitish, less than 2 mm, not longer than the sepals. Stamens 4 . Fruits: Follicles less than 2 mm long, purplish, ovoid, ascending, and 1-2 seeded. Identifiable A pril to May. Identif ication Tips: This species is not in Hitchcock & Cronquist (1 9 7 3 ). Cras s ula tillaea is a nonnative weedy species that can also be found on coastal bluffs in WA , but it generally has 3 sepals, while C. connata generally has 4 sepals. C. aquatica is a native species that occurs in wetter habitats (mud flats, salt marshes); it has 1 flower per leaf pair, 6-17 seeds per follicle, and 4 rounded to obtuse sepals that are shorter than the petals. In contrast, C. connata usually has 2 flowers per leaf pair, 1-2 seeded fruits, and acute sepals that are longer than or equal to the petals. Sedum species are related, but are perennials, usually with 5-parted flowers and 10 stamens.
    [Show full text]
  • New Zealand Pigmyweed
    The National Biodiversity Data Centre Documenting Ireland’s Wildlife New Zealand pigmyweed Invasive: High impact Crassula helmsii Species profile Habitat: Freshwater. Distribution in Ireland: Very localised distribution in the wild but with many occurrences in artificial waterbodies. Status: Established. Family name: Crassulaceae. Reproduction: Seeds can be produced but reproduction usually takes place through fragments, tiny individual plant nodes are capable of producing a new viable individual. New Zealand pigmyweed in flower with succulent leaves that form a collar on the stem. - GBNNSS Crown © 2009 Identifying features Colour: Green. Mat forming: Singular plants form dense mats. Stem: Rigid and round. Leaves: Up to 2cm long and in opposite linear pairs. Leaf bases joined around the stem to form a collar. Leaves fleshy when emergent and flatter when permanently submerged. Flower: Very small with 4 whitish petals, flowers are often absent. New Zealand pigmyweed showing its dense mat like structure - GBNNSS Crown © 2009 New Zealand pigmyweed in flower - C. Hurley First published 2013 First Please report your sightings of this species at: http://invasives.biodiversityireland.ie New Zealand pigmyweed Invasive: High impact Threats Forms thick dense mats which can float or be submerged. The thick mats cause shading of existing water plants and the depletion of oxygen in the water, which leads to a reduction of native flora and fauna. Possible health hazard, as the thick mats can be mistaken for dry land. The species can move onto a terrestrial habitat after it colonises an aquatic area. New Zealand pigmyweed invading and matting the sur- Can obstruct boats and reduce the opportunities where fishing can take place, face on the edges of a pond in Ireland -C.Hurley which may impact upon local economies.
    [Show full text]
  • Tagawa Gardens Watch Chain Crassula
    Watch Chain Crassula Crassula muscosa Height: 12 inches Spread: 24 inches Sunlight: Hardiness Zone: 8 Other Names: Princess Pine, Rattail Crassula Description: A low-rising variety with unusual narrow foliage that is stacked and tightly overlapping; very drought-tolerant and does well in poor soils; subtle pale yellow flowers along the stems in summer; an excellent choice for containers and rock gardens Watch Chain Crassula Photo courtesy of NetPS Plant Finder Ornamental Features Watch Chain Crassula's attractive succulent narrow leaves remain bluish-green in color throughout the year. It features subtle buttery yellow star-shaped flowers along the stems in mid summer. The flowers are excellent for cutting. The fruit is not ornamentally significant. Landscape Attributes Watch Chain Crassula is an herbaceous evergreen perennial with an upright spreading habit of growth. Its medium texture blends into the garden, but can always be balanced by a couple of finer or coarser plants for an effective composition. This is a relatively low maintenance plant. Trim off the flower heads after they fade and die to encourage more blooms late into the season. It is a good choice for attracting bees and butterflies to your yard, but is not particularly attractive to deer who tend to leave it alone in favor of tastier treats. It has no significant negative characteristics. Watch Chain Crassula is recommended for the following landscape applications; - Mass Planting - Rock/Alpine Gardens - General Garden Use - Groundcover - Container Planting Planting & Growing Watch Chain Crassula will grow to be about 12 inches tall at maturity, with a spread of 24 inches.
    [Show full text]
  • Crassula Helmsii in the New Forest Final Report on the Status, Spread and Impact of This Non-Native Invasive Plant, and The
    Crassula helmsii in the New Forest Final report on the status, spread and impact of this non-native invasive plant, and the efficacy of control techniques following a 3-year trial Prepared by Freshwater Habitats Trust for the New Forest Non- Native Plants Project on behalf of Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust October 2014 N.C. Ewald For further information please contact: Freshwater Habitats Trust Bury Knowle House Headington Oxford OX3 9HY This report should be cited as: Ewald, N.C. (2014) Crassula helmsii in the New Forest. Final report on the status, spread and impact of this non-native invasive plant, and the efficacy of control techniques following a 3 year trial. Prepared on behalf of the New Forest Non-Native Plants Project. Freshwater Habitats Trust, Oxford. Acknowledgements: Thanks must go to Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust who developed the New Forest Non-Native Plants Project and especially Catherine Chatters for her invaluable comments and support for the Crassula helmsii research. This work was made possible with funding from the New Forest Higher Level Stewardship Scheme. Thanks must also go to the land owners and land managers in the New Forest for allowing access to sites to undertake survey and monitoring. The project would not have been possible without the efforts of volunteer students from the University of Sussex and other volunteers more local to the New Forest who contributed many hours visiting sites to look for presence of C. helmsii. Other individuals must also be acknowledged for the information shared and interest shown in the project; Jonty Denton (freelance ecologist), Clare Dean and Anita Diaz (Bournemouth University), Pete Durnell (Hampshire County Council), The New Forest Study Group, Samantha Langdon, Jonathan Newman (CEH), Martin Noble (freelance ecologist), Martin Rand (BSBI), Richard Reeves (New Forest Museum), Jane Smith (Forestry Commission), Ian Stone (Natural England), Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Jade Plant, Crassula Ovata
    A Horticulture Information article from the Wisconsin Master Gardener website, posted 11 Jan 2010 Jade Plant, Crassula ovata Crassula ovata is a common houseplant that is usually called jade plant, or less frequently referred to as friendship plant, money plant, or silver dollar plant. Previously classifi ed as C. argentea, C. portulaca and C. obliqua, it is still occasionally sold under these other, older (and incorrect) names. This species is just one of about 300 in a diverse genus, part of the orpine family (Crassulaceae), about half of which are native to southern Africa. The name crassula means thick or fat, referring to the fl eshy nature of the genus, and ovata means egg-shaped, referring to the shape of the leaves of this species. C. ovata is a prominent component of valley thicket vegetation of the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal. The very similar C. arborescens, which has almost spherical blue-gray leaves with a distinct waxy bloom, is found in a different area, Jade plant is easily grown as a houseplant. in the Little Karoo and Central Karoo. It has compact, rounded heads of pink fl owers. The Khoi and other Africans used the roots for food, grated and cooked, eaten with thick milk. They also used the leaves for medicinal purposes. Jade plant is an easy-to-grow succulent that stores water in its leaves, stems, and roots. It has been used as an indoor ornamental throughout the world, and a landscape plant in mild climates. It makes a good houseplant as it grows well in the restricted root space of containers, is relatively slow- growing, likes the warm, dry conditions found in most homes, and tolerates neglect.
    [Show full text]
  • Crassula Helmsii (Kirk) Cockayne
    Crassula helmsii (Kirk) Cockayne La Crassule de Helm Plantae, Spermatophytes, Angiospermes, Dicotylédones, Saxifragales, Crassulaceae Synonymes : Bulliarda recurva Hook. f. Crassula recurva (Hook. f.) Ostenf. Tillaea helmsii Kirk Tillaea recurva (Hook. f.) Hook. f. Fiche réalisée par la Fédération des Conservatoires botaniques nationaux © Ruellan L. CBN de Brest Description générale Plante herbacée aquatique/semi-terrestre vivace. En pleine eau, la tige de la plante s'étend entre 8 et 60 cm voire 130 cm en station favorable. Lorsque l'eau est peu profonde, la plante émet des ramifications qui deviennent aériennes au milieu de l'été et se dressent au dessus de l'eau. Les tiges produites sont succulentes et de couleur verte à rouge notamment au niveau de l'insertion des feuilles. Quand l'eau se raréfie, les tiges et ramifications sont encore plus nombreuses, les distances entre les núuds diminuent et la plante devient plus grasse. Les racines se forment au niveau des núuds et permettent un enracinement de la plante au fond de l'eau. Les feuilles sont opposées, sessiles, épaisses et reliées entre elles par une encolure. A l©aisselle des feuilles, on trouve des fleurs solitaires de type 4 de couleur blanches à rosées portées par de petits pédoncules floraux. Les fruits formés sont des follicules contenant entre 2 et 5 graines chacun. Les graines sont lisses, elliptiques à ovales, de 0.5mm de long. Biologie/Ecologie Reproduction Plante monoïque à floraison estivale (juin-septembre) et à autopollinisation Reproduction sexuée : Mode de reproduction rare en Europe. Dans les conditions favorables, la plante fleurit de juin à septembre.
    [Show full text]
  • The Importance of Waterbirds As an Overlooked Pathway of Invasion for Alien Species
    The importance of waterbirds as an overlooked pathway of invasion for alien species Andy J. Green Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain Correspondence: Andy J. Green, Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC, Americo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain. E-mail: [email protected] RUNNING TITLE Waterbirds as vectors of alien species ARTICLE TYPE Biodiversity Viewpoint 1 ABSTRACT The importance of waterbirds as vectors of aliens has been recognized since Darwin's time, yet research by pioneers has been forgotten during the development of modern invasion biology, which tends to overlook this means of dispersal. Waterbirds are ignored in databases of alien species and invasion pathways, making management and prevention of invasions more difficult. I summarize 22 studies that provide empirical evidence for the dispersal of alien plants and invertebrates by waterbirds in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, complementing 14 studies recently identified by Reynolds et al. (2015). Together, these studies provide empirical evidence for the dispersal of 79 alien plant species and eight alien invertebrates by waterbirds, including some of the worst aquatic invaders and the most widely distributed alien terrestrial plant species. Waterbirds known to be vectors include ducks, geese, swans, shorebirds, gulls, herons and rails. Aliens are usually dispersed after being ingested or becoming attached to plumage, bills or feet, but waterbirds also disperse alien species when making nests, when preying on other vectors such as fish, or even attached to leg rings. While waterbirds may have a trivial role in explaining the arrival of alien species to new continents, they have a vital role in spreading aliens around once they get there.
    [Show full text]
  • Effectiveness of Eradication Measures for the Invasive Australian Swamp Stonecrop Crassula Helmsii
    Management of Biological Invasions (2018) Volume 9, Issue 3: 343–355 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2018.9.3.16 Open Access © 2018 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2018 REABIC Research Article Effectiveness of eradication measures for the invasive Australian swamp stonecrop Crassula helmsii Janneke M.M. van der Loop1,2,*, Lisette de Hoop1, Hein H. van Kleef2,3 and Rob S.E.W. Leuven1,3 1Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands 2Stichting Bargerveen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands 3Netherlands Centre of Expertise on Exotic Species (NEC-E), Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands Author e-mails: [email protected] (JMML), [email protected] (LH), [email protected] (HHK), [email protected] (RSEWL) *Corresponding author Received: 28 February 2018 / Accepted: 10 July 2018 / Published online: 31 August 2018 Handling editor: Ana Novoa Abstract The amphibious invasive alien Crassula helmsii is native to Australasia and introduced in Europe. This species negatively affects wetland ecosystems by outcompeting native species, impeding water flow, reducing dissolved oxygen and stimulating redox processes. Therefore, effective eradication measures are required. However, a comprehensive overview of available eradication measures for C. helmsii and an assessment of their effectiveness are lacking. The effectiveness of eradication measures for C. helmsii was systematically reviewed. A literature search included scientific journal papers and reports to compile a consistent data set on effectiveness of 59 eradication studies in short-term and long-term. Only measures aiming at complete eradication of the species were assessed and classified (i.e., chemical, mechanical, physical and combined treatments).
    [Show full text]
  • Crassula Catalog
    SucculentShop.co.za Page: 2 CAMPFIRE CRASSULA - CRASSULA CAPITELLA The Campfire Crassula is a branching succulent with fleshy propeller-like leaves that mature from bright lime green to bright red. Leaves turn bright red if not over-watered and the plant receives direct sun for SucculentShop.co.za Page: 3 most of the day, during drought or in cold temperatures. It has a prostrate habit, forming mats about 15 cm tall and up to a meter wide. It does best in partial sun and requires more shade in hotter inland sites When grown in shade, the leaves are bright apple green for most of the year. Although fairly drought tolerant, it requires occasional watering. Spikes of insignificant white, star-shaped flowers are borne in summer and attract bees, butterflies and other tiny insects. Works very well for hanging basket gardens. Plant in full sun or partial shade. Well-drained soil. Prune after flowering. Size: up to 20cm Read More SucculentShop.co.za Page: 4 FAIRY CRASSULA - CRASSULA MULTICAVA 15 - 20 cm cutting The Fairy Crassula or Crassula multicava is a succulent herbaceous plant native to the mountainous regions of KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). It is frequently used as a hedge plant because its stems branch off a lot of forming quite compact foliage agglomerations. It is also appreciated for its resistance to periods of drought and extreme temperatures and the beauty of its flowering. It is currently marketed as an ornamental plant in numerous nurseries worldwide. This species is characterized by forming stems erect low (generally nor exceed 25 cm) very branched and thin of green-red.
    [Show full text]
  • Crassula Helmsii.Pdf
    Aquatic Plant Australian Swamp Stonecrop; New Zealand Pygmyweed I. Current Status and Distribution Crassula helmsii a. Range Global/Continental Wisconsin Native Range Australia, New Zealand1 Not recorded in Wisconsin Figure 1: Global Distribution Map2 3 Abundance/Range Widespread: United Kingdom1 Not applicable Locally Abundant: Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany1 Not applicable Sparse: Reports from Southeastern United States4 Not applicable Range Expansion Date Introduced: Essex, United Kingdom, 1950s4 Not applicable Rate of Spread: Rapid; number of invaded sites doubles Not applicable every two years5; 1500 recorded sites, though distribution likely under- reported3,6 Density Risk of Monoculture: High; occasional problem in native range7 Unknown Facilitated By: Nutrient enrichment, low energy systems5 Unknown b. Habitat Inland and coastal wetlands, lakes, reservoirs, riverbanks, canals, ponds, slow moving rivers, low-energy systems1,5 Tolerance Chart of tolerances: Increasingly dark color indicates increasingly optimal range8,,9 10 Preferences Nutrient-enriched environments, slow-moving or static water5 c. Regulation Noxious/Regulated11: FL, NC, WA Minnesota Regulations: Prohibited; One may not possess, import, purchase, propagate, or transport Michigan Regulations: Not regulated Washington Regulations: State Wetland and Aquatic or Noxious Weed Quarantine List Page 1 of 5 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources – Aquatic Invasive Species Literature Review II. Establishment Potential and Life History Traits a. Life History Submersed, emersed, or semi-terrestrial perennial herbaceous dicot1,4,11 Fecundity High10 Reproduction Sexual; Asexual Importance of Seeds: Low; plant flowers but produces no viable seeds (in United Kingdom)4 Vegetative: High; one node on 5mm of stem fragment can start a new plant9; apical turions4 Hybridization Undocumented Overwintering Winter Tolerance: High5 Phenology: Vigorous growth through most of the year without period of senescence (in United Kingdom)5; flowers from July to September in Europe1 b.
    [Show full text]
  • The Risk of Injurious and Toxic Plants Growing in Kindergartens Vanesa Pérez Cuadra, Viviana Cambi, María De Los Ángeles Rueda, and Melina Calfuán
    Consequences of the Loss of Traditional Knowledge: The risk of injurious and toxic plants growing in kindergartens Vanesa Pérez Cuadra, Viviana Cambi, María de los Ángeles Rueda, and Melina Calfuán Education Abstract The plant kingdom is a producer of poisons from a vari- ered an option for people with poor education or low eco- ety of toxic species. Nevertheless prevention of plant poi- nomic status or simply as a religious superstition (Rates sonings in Argentina is disregarded. As children are more 2001). affected, an evaluation of the dangerous plants present in kindergartens, and about the knowledge of teachers in Man has always been attracted to plants whether for their charge about them, has been conducted. Floristic inven- beauty or economic use (source of food, fibers, dyes, etc.) tories and semi-structured interviews with teachers were but the idea that they might be harmful for health is ac- carried out at 85 institutions of Bahía Blanca City. A total tually uncommon (Turner & Szcawinski 1991, Wagstaff of 303 species were identified, from which 208 are consid- 2008). However, poisonings by plants in humans repre- ered to be harmless, 66 moderately and 29 highly harm- sent a significant percentage of toxicological consulta- ful. Of the moderately harmful, 54% produce phytodema- tions (Córdoba et al. 2003, Nelson et al. 2007). titis, and among the highly dangerous those with alkaloids and cyanogenic compounds predominate. The number of Although most plants do not have any known toxins, there dangerous plants species present in each institution var- is a variety of species with positive toxicological studies ies from none to 45.
    [Show full text]
  • Albany Thicket Biome
    % S % 19 (2006) Albany Thicket Biome 10 David B. Hoare, Ladislav Mucina, Michael C. Rutherford, Jan H.J. Vlok, Doug I.W. Euston-Brown, Anthony R. Palmer, Leslie W. Powrie, Richard G. Lechmere-Oertel, Şerban M. Procheş, Anthony P. Dold and Robert A. Ward Table of Contents 1 Introduction: Delimitation and Global Perspective 542 2 Major Vegetation Patterns 544 3 Ecology: Climate, Geology, Soils and Natural Processes 544 3.1 Climate 544 3.2 Geology and Soils 545 3.3 Natural Processes 546 4 Origins and Biogeography 547 4.1 Origins of the Albany Thicket Biome 547 4.2 Biogeography 548 5 Land Use History 548 6 Current Status, Threats and Actions 549 7 Further Research 550 8 Descriptions of Vegetation Units 550 9 Credits 565 10 References 565 List of Vegetation Units AT 1 Southern Cape Valley Thicket 550 AT 2 Gamka Thicket 551 AT 3 Groot Thicket 552 AT 4 Gamtoos Thicket 553 AT 5 Sundays Noorsveld 555 AT 6 Sundays Thicket 556 AT 7 Coega Bontveld 557 AT 8 Kowie Thicket 558 AT 9 Albany Coastal Belt 559 AT 10 Great Fish Noorsveld 560 AT 11 Great Fish Thicket 561 AT 12 Buffels Thicket 562 AT 13 Eastern Cape Escarpment Thicket 563 AT 14 Camdebo Escarpment Thicket 563 Figure 10.1 AT 8 Kowie Thicket: Kowie River meandering in the Waters Meeting Nature Reserve near Bathurst (Eastern Cape), surrounded by dense thickets dominated by succulent Euphorbia trees (on steep slopes and subkrantz positions) and by dry-forest habitats housing patches of FOz 6 Southern Coastal Forest lower down close to the river.
    [Show full text]