COUNCIL OF EUROPE No. 2 NATURE Mmm Winter 1968 ★ ★

Bulletin of the European Information Centre for Nature Conservation

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4 NATURE IN FOCUS EDITORIAL Henceforth, Nature needs to be known and THE COUNCIL appreciated by the public. Knowledge is essential OF EUROPE No. 2 One often hears Nature Conservationists say —the survival of humanity depends upon it—and that, because of technical and scientific progress, it must call upon the modern techniques of Established in Strasbourg (France) in 1949 as the first institution W IN TER 1968 man is becoming alienated from NATURE, that INFORMATION and PUBLIC RELATIONS. They for overall European co-operation, the Council of Europe today groups 18 countries. It strives for greater unity among its members element so vital to his well-being. are complementary— one aims at making some­ to safeguard and realise their common ideals and principles and Moreover, one realises that their apprehension thing known, the other seeks also to convince. to facilitate their economic and social progress. is well-founded when one sees Man, in the euphoria If Information is addressed to the public in The Council of Europe contains two main organs. The first of his extraordinary scientific discoveries, take is the 147-member Consultative Assembly, selected from national general and demands the aid of numerous tech­ parliaments. The second is the Committee of Ministers, which refuge only too easily in a new and artificial niques and disciplines, Public Relations are direct­ is the executive body, composed of Ministers of Foreign Affairs universe. ed rather towards Man as a social being, with a or their Deputies. There already exists, in a Belgian suburb, a view to helping him achieve equilibrium. It is Apart from contributing to the harmonisation of political attitudes among member countries, both in European affairs and towards charming summer-house surrounded by a little therefore a question of presenting, in a manner the rest of the world, the Council runs a wide programme of inter­ garden composed entirely o f flowers and shrubs favourable to his understanding, the different governmental co-operation. The harmonisation of laws and im­ in plastic! Is this a fore-runner o f our future environ­aspects of his natural environment, of showing provement of social welfare, educational research and teacher training, promotion of exhibitions, films and cultural television, ment? him the relationship between cause and effect the defence of human rights through a Commission of Enquiry Yet, even if unconsciously, most people no and the ties of inter-dependence between people and an international court— these few examples serve to illustrate and things. the wide range of the Council's activities, which have given rise longer feel secure. They are anxious and dis­ to over fifty international conventions. CONTENTS tressed, seeking calm, repose and their true place But it is necessary to find a language which, to in this Nature, which by their own fault is dwindling be understood, transcends biological and eco­ every day. logical facts. It must incorporate such facts in the economic and social reality which, if it is to be An eternal contradiction of human nature, properly balanced, must embrace them. certainly, but above all a lack of physiological EUROPEAN COMMITTEE A case study and psychological balance. The European Information Centre for Nature Conservation will be a meeting place for the FOR THE CONSERVATION Carelessness? Yes. Indifference? Perhaps, be­ exchange of ideas, of points of view, of judge­ OF NATURE AND The Countryside is No Litter Bin . . 2 cause Man has always had thefeeling of submitting ments: raw material essential to the shaping NATURAL RESOURCES rather than of participating. Ignorance? For many, of public opinion. But those who use it should not yes. The European Committee for the Conservation of Nature and Major Events forget that they must do their utmost to enable Trying to conserve nature, in the present cir­ Natural Resources is one of the specialist bodies which assist Man to regard Nature in a new way and by learning the Committee of Ministers in their work. cumstances, is something of a gamble. It is to know it, understand it and by understanding EUROPEAN CONSERVATION endeavouring to sell a product considered as In 1963, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe it, love it. decided to set up a committee, composed of national experts, to YEAR 1970 a luxury, but which is nevertheless a necessity G. Tendron, advise it and propose action on all matters concerned with nature of the first order to the under-developed. Chairman Steering Committee. conservation. The institution of permanent inter-governmental — National A ctivities ...... 14 machinery for this purpose implies a recognition of the fact that — E.C.Y. Notes ...... 17 conservation problems have a European dimension and require inter-State co-operation if they are to be dealt with effectively.

The European Committee meets annually in Strasbourg. A WATER CONSERVATION The second issue of “ Nature in Focus" incor­ “Nature in Focus" is published by the European Infor­ number of international governmental and non-governmental CAMPAIGN mation Centre for the Conservation of Nature of the organisations are invited to its meetings. Finland, Spain and porates some changes designed to improve pres­ Council of Europe, Strasbourg, France. Portugal, which are not members of the. Council of Europe, are — Launching C e rem o n y...... 18 entation and has been increased in size to 24 pages. also invited to send observers. The Committee has set up several — “ Message in the R hine" ...... 18 The response to the first issue, in comments Working Parties and expert study groups to undertake preparatory — Strasbourg Exhibition ...... 19 Editeur responsable: Mr. STEN RENBORG. work on the various questions it is dealing with. — Poster Competition ...... 20 on the contents and presentation, were, in general, Editor: Mr. JOHN C. ROBERTSON. — National A ctivities ...... 21 The European Committee's aim is “investigation into and most encouraging. Next year, subject to approval, Printed by: Imprimerie H. Studer, S.A., Geneva, adoption of planned action to ensure that Europe's natural resources “ Nature in Focus” will appear three times. Switzerland. are properly managed and are not misused or destroyed so that Short Notes ...... 23 Europeans may enjoy a balanced and wholesome physical en­ The major section in this issue is devoted to vironment". the study of Anti-Litter Campaigns based on Articles may be reprinted providing a reference is made to the source and a copy sent to the Editor. The conclusions of the European Committee usually take the material available to the Secretariat at the time form of recommendations to the Committee of Ministers, but the of publication, most of it emanating from the “Nature in Focus" may be obtained by application to Committee is also competent to draft agreements and international Centre’s National Agencies. the appropriate National Agency. (See addresses on conventions. In general the role of the Committee is to cause action back cover.) to be taken by governments and local authorities at national and Cover photo: Litter Defence Volunteers It is hoped that the third section in particular European level with a view to improved conservation of nature, of in action clearing up litter. (Photo by will be expanded and improved with time and The views and opinions expressed in the signed articles courtesy of the Keep Britain Tidy Group.) natural resources, and of the landscape in Member countries. experience. are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the John C. Robertson. views of the Council of Europe. “ Five hundred tons o f paper, three miles of cars, and 25,000 milk bottles, were collected THE broken glass, during the 1966 summer season. However, it is And what with bags and packets o f fags, you not possible to prevent people leaving litter COUNTRYSIDE couldn't see the grass, about solely by police, or other official, action. For far and wide the countryside was full of Only by spreading a feeling of personal respon­ flipping tins. sibility can this disgrace be brought to a halt. I S N O Despite the efforts of the government, local The only place that was empty was the blooming councils and voluntary organisations to stem the litter bins." * LITTER BIN tide of litter, the success achieved was limited. These words, the chorus of the Keep Britain Therefore the week of 17th to 23rd July 1967 was Tidy Group campaign song, sum up by means set aside as “ National Anti-Litter Week" and the of over-emphasis a steadily deteriorating situation whole country joined in a gigantic spring-clean. which affects all member countries of the Council A study of Anti-Litter Campaigns in various countries The main objectives of the Week were: of Europe. While perhaps not an international problem in the accepted sense, valuable lessons To arouse public awareness of the litter problem can be drawn from the methods applied by various as a national nuisance, the first step towards countries for its solution. Basically, everyone improvement; is responsible for litter, and it is doubtful if To co-ordinate efforts already being made anyone has never, at any time, allowed a tram throughout the country and thus focus the nation’s ticket to flutter to the ground or tucked away attention on the problem; an empty bottle under a bush. It is the accu­ To organise a long-term “ cleaning-up" pro­ mulation of these seemingly trifling acts, plus gramme as a result of increased national aware­ the greater faults of "moonlight flittings” to ness; dump furniture and old cars, that demand an expenditure, in England and Wales alone for To ensure better litter disposal facilities being example, of £20,000,000 a year to clear it all up. made available, especially at “ black spots"; To encourage a more vigorous enforcement of Keep Britain Tidy Group anti-litter laws, while at the same time hoping that the newly aroused awareness of the problem This economic drain, and the eyesores created by the general public would make more prosecu­ wherever litter abounds, were factors which con­ tions unnecessary. tributed to the formation of the Keep Britain Tidy Group. This Group is a voluntary organisa­ This was a big operation and it was mounted tion maintained by subscriptions and donations, with drive and enthusiasm. A letter was sent by which also receives a small Treasury Grant. It is the Lord Mayor of London to civic leaders through­ composed of organisations mainly connected out the country, announcing Anti-Litter Week. with leisure, tourism and youth, but also includes Many local authorities and voluntary organisations industry and various government departments. promised whole-hearted support. Campaign head­ quarters supplied participants with: The aims of the Group are to make Britain a cleaner, tidier and more beautiful place; to obtain 6.000 posters asking people to “ Join the Tidy the support of individual members of the public; Set" or admonishing them " Don't be an untidy to educate the general public and to help all those so-and-so"; concerned with local amenities. The Group is 150.000 litter bags, which were distributed by honoured by having Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, garages, shops and local enthusiasts; the Queen Mother, as Patron. 25.000 car stickers; National Anti-Litter Week 100.000 paper sacks (donated by the Paper Development Association) for use in cleaning What kind of problem does the Group face? operations; In the New Forest, a renowned beauty spot, for example. 700 tons of litter, excluding abandoned 2,500 T-shirts, supplied at cost price by a large department store; * By courtesy of the Britannia Music Co. Ltd. During the Week, letters passing through all the main post offices were franked with the cam­ paign symbol and, in addition, twenty-seven com­ Berkeley waterfront which is built on garbage. (Photo by courtesy of AUDUBON magazine.) panies used the symbol to frank their out-going mail. act brought lightness and gaiety to a subject a free collection service for such items. The BEFORE AND AFTER which could easily become dreary, boring and campaign was organised by the Bristol Transport priggish. and Cleansing Officer, Mr. H. M. Ellis. (Mr. Ellis has also carried out a study on solid waste dis­ Litter Defence Volunteers should be adaptable, posal on behalf of the Council of Europe.*) The pleasant people of both sexes who are not afraid slogans adopted were "Don't drop litter” and of activity in public or facing photographers. “ Keep the city shipshape and Bristol fashion" They should have a sense of purpose and res­ (a reference to the city’s long tradition as a port). ponsibility— 17 to 20 is the best age group. The most striking way in which they can help is by The campaign was officially opened by a well- going into action at public events, such as carnivals known television personality. The Chamber of and gymkhanas, which are held in the open and Commerce, youth clubs and schools co-operated where there is always a lot of litter. The Volunteers by asking for publicity material and organising should be seen clearing up, in particular, the litter localised cleansing schemes. Posters were exhibit­ that has just been dropped by an unthinking ed on housing estates and annotated book-marks public. Butthey should not show any resentment— made available at the Central Library. Displays just a cheerful acceptance that many people are were mounted in the City Centre, the City Informa­ untidy and that by example they should be taught tion Centre, the City Museum and in several large not to be so. This group participation cannot department stores. A decorated lorry toured the fail to be noticed by young people as well as by City each day broadcasting appeals. Pre-paid adults and it can become a “ done” thing to join postcards enabling people to request the removal in, as it is fun as well as being real work which is of bulk rubbish were made available. Television, of use to society. Many large stores throughout the country staged considerable distances away soon offered their radio and press gave maximum co-operation and special window displays. help. This is convincing proof that where a strong the campaign slogan was flashed on the news­ lead is taken an area of outstanding beauty can cast at the City Centre at regular intervals during Press be cleared of litter and kept clear. Civic Amenities Act 1967 the Week. During the preparatory months of April, May and June, editorial space devoted to litter increas­ Excellent results were achieved, particularly Litter Defence Volunteers This Bill was passed through the House of ed perceptibly, but it was not until a Press Con­ Commons with support from all parties. Part III in the response of the general public, and a con­ ference was held in London in Julythatthe national Following the Glencoe experiment, the most of the Act gives local councils, courts and private tinuing effort will be made to keep clubs and and provincial newspapers really gave their sup­ successful result of the week was the formation citizens the weapons required for waging war associations in the community both interested port, aided by the radio and the television. The of Litter Defence Volunteer groups. These teams against the despoliation of town and country­ and active. provincial press were particularly encouraging. of young people, wearing special white T-shirts, side by the unsightly and offensive dumping of Free advertising space was given by thirty-one white jeans or skirts and armed with brushes, disused vehicles, equipment and other rubbish. newspapers and press cuttings received at cam­ shovels, litter prodders and paper sacks, went The Act makes it a duty of local authorities to paign headquarters totalled 13,000 column inches. into operation in many areas. Youth officers, establish public disposal centres and gives power No-Litter Campaign 1968 Articles were published in a number of house youth clubs, voluntary organisations and local to an authority to collect and dispose of bulky journals and in women's magazines. In general, papers encouraged the formation of these teams, refuse abandoned in the open air. The new penalties The aim of the 1968 campaign is that it should the operation reaped the benefit of almost unani­ who carried out useful clearing schemes in many for abandoning cars and bulky rubbish are a last throughout the year. However, the week from mous support from the press. parts of the country—at race courses, cricket maximum fine of £100 for the first offence, which 1st to 7th July was envisaged as a climax, when matches, stately homes opened to the public, if repeated could entail a fine of up to £200 and/or the nation as a whole could really see what is Glencoe agricultural shows, etc. The London Group visited three months imprisonment. being done to tackle the litter problem. It was nevertheless emphasised that local campaigns The first project undertaken in the context of many areas, sweeping and clearing up the litter, could be launched at any time convenient to the the Week was carried out by the National Trust handing out litter bags, being televised, inter­ local authority concerned and guidance and assist­ for Scotland, which encouraged young people viewed, photographed and generally showing ance would be given by the Keep Britain Tidy working in Glencoe and at Auchenden to clear that the operation, besides being useful and Bristol “No Litter Week" 1968 Group. away all the litter and rubbish dumped in the vicin­ popular, was fun. The team made a very great ity. Considerable publicity was given to the scheme impact on the public. As a prelude to the national "No Litter Week" by the Press, which was in fact used as a way of of 1968 (it had been decided to change to a more- The aim of the 1968 “ No Litter Week" was that asking for volunteers. Various schools and youth strongly-worded title) a pilot Week was held in intensive publicity in the press and on the radio Bristol. The results were assessed and used as and television, together with national and regional organisations both in the district and from Forming Litter Defence Volunteer a basis for authorities and organisations who Team s press conferences, should inform the man-in-the- were contemplating action in the 1968 campaign. street of This local “ No Litter Week" had two main aims: Experience has shown that although exhorta­ — the facts about litter Bristol's No Litter Week 1968 - Photo (left) shows an tions and publicity efforts are useful in the cam­ a) to focus public attention upon the general example of dumping of rubbish in a lane on the outskirts paign against litter, the most effective contribution question of litter, including bulk refuse and scrap — what is being done to combat it. of the City. Photo (right) shows same lane after clearance. cars and b) to bring into greater prominence the (Photos by courtesy of H. M. Ellis.) is made when people are actually seen doing something. The idea of getting young people to fact that the local cleansing department provided • D oc. CE /N at (67) 16. This particular aspect of the campaign was — encourage local newspapers, television and supported by the Minister of Housing and Local radio stations to publicise local litter prob­ Government and many dignitaries throughout lems; the country. Arrangements were made for expert — use every official means possible to launch publicity resources to be put at the disposal of the campaign; individual local authorities and other bodies wish­ ing to back up the Keep Britain Tidy Group's — feature local cleansing departments, their campaign. staffs and vehicles, as far as possible; — tell local residents how much it costs to A suggestion has been made to introduce a clear streets and parks of litter and of the “ new style Guy Fawkes". The 5th November is trouble it causes to both local authorities traditionally celebrated throughout Britain and and public alike; commemorates the attempt to blow up the Houses of Parliament with the lighting of bonfires and the — while aiming at a spectacular and interesting setting-off of fireworks. The Keep Britain Tidy approach, cater also for serious thought and Group suggest that a litter effigy should replace debate on litter problems; the traditional Guy Fawkes. This would help — make sure that any parish fete, carnival or the fight against litter and a number of central public event held in the area is well supplied bonfires would be safer than those “ unofficial” with "No Litter" publicity material and active ones usually lit on village greens or in back demonstrations. gardens.

The 1968 campaign is based on the slogan "Keep it to yourself—don’t drop litter". Much School Committees of the material (some of it re-designed) used successfully in the 1967 campaign (posters, labels, At present, over 6,000 school committees in sacks, etc.) is again in evidence, as are the Litter Britain are affiliated to the campaign. Repre­ Defence Volunteers. There are some innovations sentatives are appointed by each form. With such as the campaign song already quoted, which the help of a national oil company, the Group is issued as a record for use on public address supplies badges to the officers and members systems. Printing blocks (stereos) for use in of the committees (visible signs of their authority). newspapers are available, with a choice of three A leaflet suggests some of the many possible messages about litter. activities which could be carried out by the com­ mittees, e.g.

See that litter is not left round the school. Best kept village competitions those which have been approved by the Council Guide-lines Arrange for a changing display of posters by of Industrial Design. pupils with the help of the Art Master, and a Officers of the Keep Britain Tidy Group have A very important part of the Keep Britain Tidy display of official posters. been invited to judge a number of competitions. Group's activities is giving advice to authorities They were continually impressed by the high Films Appoint special wardens on sports days. organising local campaigns. This advice is based standard of tidiness and care which it is possible The Group have gathered together a series of on experience already gained and still being to reach when the whole community takes part in Run word competitions, perhaps in the school films on litter which are in constant demand, acquired. For instance authorities are advised to: magazine. such a competition. Many villages were so beau­ tifully cared for that not one piece of litter was particularly in schools. Write a Limerick or Lament about Litter. found. This had meant the co-operation of the — tell the Group as soon as possible that a (For further information, apply to: Schools Dramatise some anti-litter incident. parish council, householders, young people and campaign is being planned; Secretary, Keep Britain Tidy Group, 27 Queen Design posters to support their campaign. children, but the results justify the hard work Anne's Gate, London, S.W.1.) — nominate a responsible, publicity minded involved and must be a joy to all those who visit executive to take charge, in close liaison Include an anti-litter film in any film show the countryside. There is also a colour television film, showing with the Group; organised around open-air subjects. a litter dropper (Public Enemy Number One) being converted to good citizenship by the activ­ — order immediately the publicity material re­ Litter Bins Arrange talks or discussions on the litter ities of a group of Litter Defence Volunteers. quired; problem. Speakers could be invited from, for The right litter bin in the right place, providing — set up teams of Litter Defence Volunteers example, the cleansing department of the local it is well maintained, will do much to overcome the (the officers of most of Britain's youth council, youth organisations, voluntary organisa­ problem of litter. The Keep Britain Tidy Group Litter Defence Volunteers in action at the Salvation organisations give constant support to the tions, amenity societies, national organisations, issues a special leaflet (with financial help from Army Rally at Crystal Palace, LONDON. (Photo by courtesy of Keep Britain Tidy Group.) campaigns); etc. the manufacturers of litter bins) giving details of Produced by the Central Office of Information in association with the Ministry of Housing and Local Government and the Keep Britain Tidy KEEP DUBLIN TIDY Group.

Keep America Beautiful

This American counterpart of the Keep Britain Tidy Group "Keep America Beautiful Inc.” has An anti-litter campaign with the slogan "Keep been in operation since 1953. Financed by business Dublin Tidy" has been in operation for the last and industry, labour unions and trade associations, seven years and was intensified last year by the it strives to preserve and improve scenic beauty, appointment of a full-time officer to assist in the both rural and urban. It carries out a continuous work. The campaign is continuous throughout Examples of Posters programme of public education to stimulate indi­ the year, but there is a greater amount of publicity used in Anti-Litter Campaigns vidual responsible and pride in clean, safe, healthy during the months of June, July and August and attractive surroundings. Many projects are when the incidence of litter on the streets is by various member states undertaken, particularly among young people. highest. A special anti-litter week is held each These often gain awards (donated by large nation­ year in July, during which there is a parade, al concerns) for the most successful. There is shop-window displays and other features. During fairly close liaison and continual exchange of this week, the Boy Scouts and Girl Guides are ideas between the British and American Groups. on duty in the city, distributing anti-litter stickers and encouraging the public to use litter bins. A

Country Code The campaign is directed towards all sections AHM0I AEYKQZIAZ of the community, but last year it was specially Tplpnvoç 'EKOTpartla Although only one of the maxims of the Country slanted towards children, as it was felt that the - dea-shampla 17 Kaôaptôrnroç Kai 'Yyelaç -1 4 Code, drawn up in 1951 by the National Parks litter problem was more likely to be solved by Z c rrT c p . Commission (now the Countryside Commission) educating the younger generation. To achieve deals directly with litter, it has been a useful this object, a schools’ campaign was launched. complement to the efforts of the Keep Britain Special brochures were circulated to all schools, KAOAPIOTHI: Tidy Group. requesting that committees be set up and more than half of the schools in Dublin have co-operat­ YFEIA - n 0AITIZM0E One direct method used is that of printing the ed. Moreover a Corporation Official visits the Country Code symbol and the message “take schools, shows anti-litter films and lectures on Coinnigh your litter home" on the 10,000,000 envelopes sent the subject. Litter h Jangemtu to motorists each year by the taxation authorities. Tins and boules left in ihe slacht ar an »re dumgrnmi They may lune animait fur life, T J Z Z ." " A “ sticker” with the same message has also or cur them ta badly that they have to be deairoycd. In the general campaign, all publicity media AU Inter » ditgoming. » UM TW UTTEE MM been made available for display in public places are used. Over 6,000 posters are displayed on gCathair and particularly on the bulkhead of publictransport RESPECT THE LIFE OF THE COUNTRYSIDE commercial sites, all city buses, and in factories, FAMILJEN SKRÄPMARK vehicles. offices and canteens. Special vinyl stickers are supplied to shopkeepers. Corporation vehicles carry anti-litter posters. Free publicity is given on radio and television and in the press. Instead The assistance of the following people in the preparation of this article on Litter Campaigns is gratefully acknowledged. of placing formal advertisements in the news­

Cyprus: Director of the Department of Forests, Nicosia. papers, a series of cartoons is published in the evening papers. Slides are shown, free of charge, Federal Republic of Germany: Prof. Dr. Olschowy, Bundesanstalt für Vegeta­ tionskunde Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege, Bad Godesberg. in cinemas. Franking dies carrying an anti-litter Malta: Mr. J. Dalli, Secretary, Public Cleansing Advisory Committee, Valletta. slogan are used on Corporation correspondence.

Ireland: Mr. James Murran, Superintendent of Cleansing, Dublin. The Cleansing Department enters decorated ve­ Överallt dar Skräpmarks rastat Netherlands: Dr. W. F. de Soet, Ministrie Lanbouw visserij, The Hague. hicles with the litter theme in the annual St. ser man skräpet som de kastat... Norway: Mr. Per Valset, Secretary, Conservation Year 1970 in Norway, Oslo. Patrick's Day Parade, which is viewed by an Mr. Magre Midttun. estimated quarter of a million people. A stand is Switzerland: Dr. M. Neff, Ligue Suisse pour la protection de la Nature, Basle. also taken at the Spring Show and the Horse j k HALL NATURE!NATUREN REN United Kingdom: Countryside Commission, London. Show. A special feature of this is a "talking Mrs E. Dalrymple, Secretary, Keep Britain Tidy Group, London. Mr. H. H. Ellis, Transport and Cleansing Officer, Bristol. elephant litter box.” By means of a microphone National Trust for Scotland, Edinburgh. w and loud speaker, “the Elephant" can hold a Svenska Naturskyddsföreningen conversation with children who visit the stand. This year, as an experiment, 25,000 polythene have donated space in the newspapers for anti­ litter bags were supplied for the use of motorists. litter advertisements. A city newspaper organised “ USE YOUR NATURE SENSE” These were distributed at city beaches by Boy a competition entitled “ Dublin’s Fair City”, with The Ministry of Health sent a circular to local Scouts and were also issued by the Motor Regis­ prizes for the tidiest areas. In 1961, representatives of a few out-door life tration Department. Moreover, the number of organisations in Norway discussed what measures health authorities, requesting them to ensure that regulations concerning the collection and litter boxes in the city is being considerably The campaign is carried out by officers of the might be taken to prevent the countryside being disposal of rubbish were observed. The Norwegian increased. Cleansing Department at an estimated cost of spoilt by litter. £6,000. Broadcasting Corporation supported the cam­ After contacting many national organisations paign and helped to disseminate its ideasand aims A special campaign is carried out with regard and institutions, a campaign for the conservation by broadcasts on national and local radio and to the four city beaches, using the slogan "Keep It is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of of the countryside was launched, directed at the television networks. our Beaches safe and clean”. Over 200 large the campaign. One reason is that the incidence individual and put into operation during the litter containers painted primrose and yellow of litter is increasing at an alarming rate due to period 1961-1963. This campaign was known as A match factory printed the emblem on one are placed at regular intervals on these beaches. the packaging explosion and increased standards “ Nature Sense". million matchboxes, free of charge. Oil companies Two dozen “ shock” posters bearing a picture of of living. Nevertheless, results are encouraging. printed "Nature Sense" appeals on their tourist an injured child with the words “ Cuts cripple— The refuse found in one of the principal streets An information meeting was held in Oslo, maps (about 100,000 of these are produced an­ tidy up” are displayed at strategic points. A for one day in July 1961 weighed about 130 kgs. attended by 54 delegates representing 47 organ­ nually), screen advertisements and on about decorated truck carrying anti-litter slogans pa- This year it was found to be less than half— about isations, institutions and companies. These in­ 500,000 litter bags distributed to motorists. » rades the beaches during fine weather. When 60 kgs. Moreover, the 2,500 litter bins in the city cluded the Ministry of Agriculture, the Directorate . the campaign was initiated, there were over are being used to an increasing extent and many of National Forests, farmers’ and motoring asso­ A number of organisations, such as the Nor­ 300 accidents due to broken glass, tins, etc., of them, particularly in the centre, have to be ciations, oil companies, insurance companies wegian Travel Association, the Association for on Dollymount Beach. The accident rate was emptied several times a day. Normally much of and out-door life associations. the Promotion of Ski-ing, the Norwegian Farmers’ reduced annually and last year there were only the litter would have found its way on to the streets. Union and the Norwegian Association of Hunters A central committee was elected with the Min­ sixteen. and Anglers gave valuable support, as did the ister of Agriculture in the Chair. This central com­ Scout Movement and 4H Clubs. mittee appointed a smaller working group and a To help implement the State Law and City number of committees with special informative The Ministry of Church and Education sent out Bye-Laws regarding litter and cleansing, six uni­ tasks were set up. reminders on “ Nature Sense" to all schools, thus formed litter wardens were appointed. Their main reaching both pupils and their parents. A number duty is enforcement of Bye-laws and the institution His Royal Highness Crown Prince Harald gra­ of elementary schools set essays on subjects u r n a of prosecutions for breaches of them. BMO ciously agreed to patronise the campaign. connected with nature conservation to pupils taking the school-leaving examination. Nature ISA A sum of about Kr. 500,000 was raised and a In the anti-litter campaign, the Corporation are o r THIS Conservation has also been included in the nature YOURS, considerable amount of publicity material produc­ seeking joint efforts from all sections of the com­ ed by co-operation between the special com­ study syllabus for secondary schools. munity. So far there has been a good response. mittees, with valuable support from a number of The National Roads Directorate drew up plans An essay competition was organised last year private companies. This included posters (“ Take for roadside halts and issued regulations for the for school children, for which there were over care when lighting fires”, “The countryside is provision of rubbish bins and their emptying at 6.000 entries. Several large firm s have also organ­ JOIN M e BIG SWEEP no rubbish bin” , "No dum ping” ), letter stickers, regular intervals. ised anti-litter competitions and one has donated textbook stickers (the ten forest commandments) 100.000 car litter bags to the Corporation. Others and various pamphlets, appeals, etc. The cam­ The "Nature Sense" campaign was directed paign also financed the production of six short mainly at the individual and stressed the respon­ films which have been shown in about 300 cinemas sibility of everyone in conserving the countryside, throughout the country. Several screen advertise­ at the same time showing what could be done to Photo (above) shows decorated float help. Its aim was the personal conservation of with litter theme. ments were also exhibited, free of charge, by cinemas in a number of the larger towns. A series nature. There were a number of successful results. Photo (left) shows anti-litter wardens of pictures, mostly of things disfiguring the Hardly anyone in the country can remain unaware discussing a poster. country-side, were procured and used in connec­ of the problems and already people treat the tion with publicity campaigns in the daily and countryside with more respect. Local cleaning weekly press. and clearing up campaigns have produced a tidier landscape and waste removal has been The motoring organisations supported the cam­ improved in many places. Moreover, the campaign paign by distributing leaflets and posters—es­ has had some influence in other countries. In pecially for use at camp sites—and included in conclusion, it was felt that the campaign has their meetings lectures and films on "conserva­ done a great deal towards creating a good atmos­ tion of the countryside". Some insurance com­ phere for the cause of nature conservation, panies produced bags for carrying food, bearing though there was a tendency to regard conserva­ a printed "Nature Sense” appeal, which were tion as “ do not throw litter” and “ do not break distributed to hotels. A number of other firms off live branches". It is the intention of the Nor­ printed a “ Nature Sense" appeal on the packaging wegian ‘ 1970' secretariat to utilise the same (Photos by courtesy of Dublin City Cleansing Department.) of their products. methods for a campaign on a much broader front. CYPRUS Posters, issued by ANWB (the Dutch Touring Club), and containing particular warnings against KEEP MALTA TIDY Although so far there has been no national leaving litter in woods and at picnic sites, are anti-litter campaign as such, talks have been well known throughout the Netherlands. broadcast by radio and television and the co­ operation of teachers is sought in encouraging A national anti-litter campaign, which may be pupils not to leave litter at forest picnic sites. compared with the United Kingdom “ Country Code", was launched recently, with the distribu­ The revised Forest Law (1967) includes the tion of one million copies of a pamphlet entitled following article: In September 1967, the “ Keep Malta Tidy Execu­ An anti-litter week, the first of its kind in Malta, “ De Groene Tien”, giving “ advisory" rules for tive Committee" was set up for the specific was held in November 1967, with the whole­ "Any person who in any state forest throws, keeping the countryside clean and tidy. purpose of launching an intensive campaign hearted support of the press, radio and television. dumps or stores any refuse or rubbish, shall be for more cleanliness in Malta. It isthe opinion of many public cleansing depart­ The campaign slogan was given a great deal of guilty of an offence and shall be liable, on con­ ments that propaganda will only achieve good publicity and articles and photographs on the viction, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding results if backed up by police regulations. In some The campaign is based on athree-pointformula: campaign published. More than 5,000 posters six months, or to a fine not exceeding fifty pounds were distributed all over the island by student towns “ cleansing police” forces have been set adequate disposal and collection facilities; or to both such imprisonment and fine". organisations. Poster displays were held in various up, as the ordinary police have neither the time formation of a public conscience regarding the town and villages. Stickers with the slogan “ Keep The Forest Department undertakes the cleaning nor the opportunity to deal with the relatively litter problem; Malta clean " were distributed to car owners, com­ of picnic sites throughout the summer season minor trespass (in legal terms) of leaving litter mercial vehicles, etc. Large placards sponsored and has provided dustbins (though a large number about. adoption and enforcement of laws against littering. by local firms and bearing the same slogan were of visitors do not place the litter in them). The Work began by establishing liaison with the put up in prominent places. cost of keeping the sites clean amounts to about SWITZERLAND £2,000 annually. various government departments which share The Litter Act of 1968 was approved by the House International Day at Lake Constance the responsibility for the general cleanliness of of Representatives. This Act provides more rigor­ Recently, the Nicosia municipality launched a This publicity campaign is aimed primarily the island. ous measures against the unlawful collection, three-month anti-litter campaign, extending from at teachers and pupils, sporting associations dumping or disposal of refuse, rubbish or other 18th June to 14th September 1968. The aim of the and local authorities, but it concerns all those A number of special surveys were made to material. Under the Act, a Public Cleansing campaign was to encourage people to keep living around Lake Constance. It is patronised assess priorities and draw up a programme of Advisory Committee was set up, replacing the ditches, roads, gardens, lawns, building sites, by the “ International Association for cleaning work. Men were equipped with tools and transport Keep Malta Tidy Executive Committee. The Com­ and the city in general, clean and tidy. Considerable the shores of Lake Constance” . and detailed to clean up rubble dumps as a matter mittee's policy is aimed at both short and long press coverage was obtained and posters and of urgency. It was then decided to concentrate Last year the campaign met with enormous term action. Short term action includes providing banners displayed in public places. The campaign attention on one particular district as it was felt success. Cleansing action was taken by the com­ facilities for litter disposal, organising “ Clean-up” proved fairly successful, and involved an expend­ that such a policy would provide better results munes around the lake. On 2nd December 1967, days and enforcing the law. Long-term policy iture of about £8,000. than that of tackling the problem haphazardly. several thousand volunteers, from Austria and aims at educating the general public and making Germany as well as Switzerland, cleaned the people more aware of the litter problem. Every Collection of house refuse is satisfactory and FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY summer's litter from the shores. It is hoped to possible medium is used. Special efforts are is carried out daily. However, the increase in organise similar campaigns each year. made to instill in children a sense of responsibility In some districts of the Federal Republic, population has necessitated the provision of in this respect. To this end, a poster competition excellent anti-litter campaigns have been carried additional vehicles for this purpose. In September and November this year efforts for school children was held and every effort is out. One was centred on the theme “ Our village will be made to clean both the shores and the Waste building material and other heavy rubbish being made to induce schools to form their own shall be more beautiful". hinterland of Lake Constance. A local section of anti-litter committees. the “ Ligue suisse pour la protection de la nature” is dumped in quarries, but uncontrolled dumping The pupils of Schnitshausen, under the teacher’s has already launched a publicity campaign by of such material by the roadside is proving a Many of the activities mentioned above did not leadership, cleaned up the local forest which had disseminating a circular to local officials and problem, as it spoils much of the beauty of the entail any expenditure. However, where finance been used for many years as a dumping ground school inspectors, asking for the collaboration countryside. was necessary, this was provided by various for refuse and waste. Now the forest boasts a of schools. It also sent out a brochure on water government departments. Voluntary contributions recreational area with an ornithological centre More litter receptacles have been provided, pollution, both to the above-mentioned persons from industries, national organisations and the and many tourist facilities. especially at bus terminals, beaches and recrea­ and to high officials in the Canton of Saint-Gall press also helped to pay for other aspects of the tional centres. Specially designed concrete litter (cost 2,000-2,500 Sw. Fr.). Communes are request­ campaign. bins, in different colours, have also been installed. NETHERLANDS ed to co-operate in the campaign and to obtain As the campaign is still in its early stages, it is the help of fishing, hunting and ornithological The Dutch “ Stichting Recreatie” (Recreation A special symbol, with the slogan “ Thammgux” not felt that any valid evaluation can be made of associations. Foundation) carried out for a few years an in­ (Keep Tidy) was designed and widely distributed. the results. tensive anti-litter campaign, in co-operation with The "Ligue suisse pour la protection des eaux local committees and municipal cleansing depart­ et de l'air" envisages the production of a film ments. The campaign aimed at forming committees “ Litter—the debit side of opulence”. This will throughout the country and supplying them with be in two versions (one of 12 and one of 25 minutes) posters, banners etc. Unfortunately, this method and will be aimed at all sectors of the population. did not meet with a great deal of success and was Total cost of production is estimated at 220,000 subsequently abandoned. Sw. Fr. (a) Water conservation; c f l (/>) Information and education; l , / n ? // European ' 'EUROPEAN (c) Protection of coasts; CONSERVATION CONSERVATION NATIONAL (d) National parks and reserves; y^E A R (e) Soil erosion. Exhibition material can be provided on national parks ACTIVITIES and reserves and soil erosion. Material available consists of photographs, black and white, with commentaries in English and coloured slides. Study-leave courses on nature conservation for primary Belgium be celebrated in a particularly impressive manner. The transformation of natural parks into model countrysides, and secondary school teachers; The main subject will be: on the basis of plans either already formulated or under Ireland Practical courses for foresters on nature conservation, "The role and importance of the preservation of open discussion should be brought forward into 1970. It is European Conservation Year has been the subject of already started this year; spaces in densely populated and heavily industrialised also proposed, during the “Green Week" in Berlin, and preliminary discussion between the principal authorities Radio and television programmes, throughout 1970, countries”. This very wide subject covers urban parks, at a possible forestry exhibition in Munich, to lay stress concerned and it is certain that this country will parti­ on nature protection. suburban woods, forest zones, nature reserves, national on the importance of the conservation of nature in general cipate in an appropriate manner. It is however, considered and provincial parks and all development of open spaces and of forests in particular. All nature protection organisa­ premature to prepare detailed plans at this stage in Luxembourg along roads and waterways. tions will arrange suitable events, more or less at regional relation to the holding of conferences, seminars or other The Higher Council for Nature Conservation will be level. Special themes which will be dealt with by mass The following aspects will be considered: activities since there is considerable current activity given the task of preparing European Conservation Year media, such as the cinema, television, radio and exhibi­ in relation to various aspects of nature conservation and — regional planning in Luxembourg. tion s are: — social and recreational role of open spaces decisions taken at this stage in relation to the form of At a recent meeting of this Council, the following — Outdoor recreation; Conservation Year activities might well have to be com­ — role in hygiene and public health proposals were retained: — Tourism, in relation to education and recreational pletely recast in the interim . — education and behaviour of the public — An issue of postage stamps (one on water conserva­ policies; — investment in and financial return from the develop­ — Water conservation; tion, and a series showing plants and animals which ment of open spaces, etc. Italy — Agricultural and land management policies; are protected in Luxembourg— in the context of Activities will include: — Implications of a national land-use policy based on The Ministry of Agriculture's General Directorate of decrees ensuring protection for certain plants and — organisation of a National Trees Day in collaboration multi-purpose and zoning principles; Mountain and Forest Areas has begun to prepare Italy's anim als). with the country's schools, on which a number of — Citizen participation in the care of the countryside. full participation in the 1970 Conservation Year. A National — An active campaign for cleaning-up the Luxembourg educational planting schemes would be carried out Furthermore, a programme of research into the influence Committee whose job it is to further this end and with countryside, with the aid of local authorities and the under the control of forestry staff and in collaboration of forests on water cycles, climate, soil, animals and men, the aim of co-ordinating the part to be played by adminis­ general public. with the Belgian Royal Forestry Society. trations, agencies, associations and experts, meets under has just been put into operation and it is expected that — A poster competition on water conservation and — national day of the Entente Nationale, focused on the the chairmanship of Mr. Pavan. results will be available in 1970. nature in general (a competition which might be subject for the European Year. Approaches are being made to the Federal Ministry of Certain problems of very special concern to Italy and extended to schools). — issue of a complete series of postage stamps with an Posts, with a view to obtaining an issue of special stamps. other European countries have been highlighted. They educational aim on the need for protecting natural sites — A travelling exhibition similar to that organised by A Preparatory Committee will be set up shortly, after entail: — publication of a nature conservation handbook in the British Council for Nature Conservation “ Nature consultation with the " Länder". It will be composed The forming of an international integral reserve in the collaboration with all interested authorities Conservation in Great Britain”. This exhibition chiefly of representatives of private bodies, who will National Parks of Grand Paradiso (Italy) and Vanoise — organisation of a travelling exhibition on the conserva­ would be organised by the State Museum and might collaborate with the governmental services. (France); tion of open spaces. include a series of posters dealing with nature Greece Co-operation between the Parks of the Engadine conservation produced in different member coun­ (Switzerland) and Stelvio (Italy), for the protection of Netherlands A national committee has been set up under the chair­ tries. The central theme will be “Conservation of nature in manship of the Minister of Agriculture. fauna; — In the context of the plan for developing the German- densely populated areas”. Stress will be laid on the National activities will comprise: Forest fire control; Luxembourg park, a specimen municipality might be chosen as particularly suitable for showing the following: — A message by the Prime Minister to the nation. Reafforestation; — the protection of meadow birds — Radio-speeches by the Minister of Agriculture and evolution of an urban site in the framework of nature A coastal protection survey, particularly important for — the protection of the bird population of the Wadden- conservation. other personalities. Italy in view of the length of her coastline; zee — Lectures throughout the country. Steps to be taken with a view to obtaining uniform Norway — the protection of birds of prey — National Exhibition in the Zapion Hall. administration and effective legislation to govern nation­ — air and water pollution — Issue of a special stamp. European Conservation Year will be organised by a al parks, nature reserves and natural parks; — education and information on nature conservation. — Issue of a special brochure for Nature Conservation national main committee with representatives from a With regard to wild geese, proposals have been made to be distributed among the schools. General legislation for the protection of nature and number of official and private bodies, a working party to protect some areas which are of special importance — Projection of films. natural resources, taking into account the relationship and a Secretariat. between nature conservation and the requirements of in this connection. — Posters distributed through post offices etc. The terms of reference of this committee are: regional economic planning; It is intended to pay special attention in nursery, primary — Green weeks (reafforestation) throughout the coun­ — to make proposals for the organisation of Con­ and secondary schools, in 1970 to the conservation of try, etc. Soil conservation and river control; servation Year in Norway. Exhibition material concerning erosion and afforesta­ nature. Protection of biotopes, particularly in marshy areas, — to request the necessary funds to be granted by tion problems can be provided. This consists of black by means of closer co-operation between the central the Government. and white photographs of which the Ministry holds the Federal Republic of Germany government and municipal, provincial and regional The following proposals were adopted: copyright. The task of putting the ECY programme into operation authorities; — the establishment of a national main committee has been entrusted to the German Nature Protection Iceland The introduction of the study of nature conservation consisting of representatives appointed by dif­ League, which will organise a German Nature Pro­ into the school curriculum, especially in primary and ferent public and private bodies (one from each) tection Day, in co-operation with theWorking Committee The five themes which Iceland considers should be secondary schools, for the purpose of educating the plus 4 members personally appointed because of of German Authorities for Nature Protection and Land­ dealt with in the “European Section" are, in order of new generation in these matters; their great interest in the nature conservation field. scape Conservation. Moreover, in 1970 “Tree Day" will preference: the countryside; Voluntary bodies; Refuse disposal; At national level Environmental research; Professional and technical ser­ c f l Education of the public on the present role played by E.C.Y. NOTES 'e u r o p e a n vices; and the Parliamentary Group. nature conservation. CONSERVATION Similar general conferences are proposed for 1970 in 1970 Conference Adaptation of legislation to modern requirements and Wales and Scotland to promote the objectives of the A t its Seventh Session in June 1968, the Euro­ to federal legislation. European Conservation Year and Steering Committees pean Committee for the Conservation of Nature Creation of direct links between each citizen and are being set up in these countries for this purpose. and Natural Resources studied the proposals nature. Among a wide range of general activities already under made by its Preparatory Group for European Creation of a “national park” in French-speaking detailed consideration are local exhibitions, nature weeks, Conservation Year (published in “ Nature in The Prime Minister, Per Borten, has kindly accepted Switzerland. articles in the press and programmes on radio and tele­ Focus" No. 1, Spring 1968). After careful study the Chair of this committee. A campaign similar to President Johnson’s "Beauty vision. Additionally, it is hoped that there will be special and deliberation, the Committee amended some — the establishment of a working committee of 6-7 for America" campaign launched two years ago: calling seminars on conservation to which representatives from of these proposals, and in particular the number members, the Chairman of which is to be the Chair­ for the co-operation of every citizen in combatting the other countries of the Council of Europe will be invited, man of the Council for Nature Protection. deposit of rubbish in the countryside, moderating the and open days at research stations dealing with various and titles of the themes to be discussed. These — the establishment of sub-committees in the following impact of industrial activity on the landscape, establish­ facets of the conservation of land, water and wildlife. The amended proposals will now be submitted to the fields of activities: ing green belts including isolated farms, etc. United Kingdom has already undertaken to sponsor a Committee of Ministers. — schools and education; Various campaigns, films, broadcasts, exhibitions, course on the training of youth leaders in nature conserva­ — press, radio, television; brochures, etc., will be used to achieve these objectives. tion and a number of similar activities in connection with Non-governmental organisations — films and pictures; field studies and youth activities is being developed in Conference—1969 — printed material; Turkey co-operation with the International Youth Federation It is proposed to hold a conference in Strasbourg — exhibitions. National Level and youth organisations. A new national park inter­ in April 1969 (definite dates still to be fixed), pretative centre for day visitors will be fully operative in — the establishment of a secretariat with a full-time National conservation week. attended by the Standing Committee of the Euro­ qualified secretary, from the end of 1967 until the 1970 in the Lake D istrict. Public conference. pean Committee for the Conservation of Nature end of 1970. Close co-operation is being maintained with the major Special broadcasts for a week, and periodically there­ and Natural Resources and representatives of voluntary bodies concerned with the environment. after. various non-governmental organisations which Sweden A Council of Environmental Education is also being Pamphlets, etc. have an impact on the environment, which A national conference will be prepared (for about Press campaign. established and is expected to produce a significant are instrumental in providing for its protection 500 participants) on the same lines as the European Posters. report by 1970. Conference, dealing with, as main points: Special stamp issues. and/or enhancement or have an education role. the contaminated environment; Slides and films. Spain Such organisations will include industry, leisure time activities and the need to preserve the M obile exhibitions (possibly also a static one in A n kara). youth movements, tourism, planning, sanitary The Technical Services of the Ministry of Education landscape, coastline, etc. Provincial Level (Provincial Committees) and Science are preparing a report on Spain’s participa­ engineering, etc. Mr. R. E. Boote (United Other activities will include: Kingdom) Chairman of the Preparatory Group Provincial radio programmes. tion in this event. local nature weeks and nature trails; Activities in schools and other centres to show films Spain has regularly sent an observer to meetings of the for European Conservation Year 1970, will a film about wetlands; and explain issues. Preparatory Group. present a paper on the philosophy of nature a nature conservation exhibition at the National History Distribution of pamphlets, etc. conservation. It is planned to set up two working Museum, Stockholm; Circular letter to farmers explaining the importance of Portugal parties dealing with: television and radio programmes, press information etc. the conservation of natural resources. Portugal plans to undertake the following projects — conservation of nature and natural resources Exhibitions Drawing and essay competition in schools. in the context of European Conservation Year: — education and information. Five themes are proposed: Water conservation; Sea Provincial exhibitions. Definition of the boundaries of the several reserves— A list of organisations to be invited to the pollution; Wetlands and bird migration; Protection of Greece, Italy and possibly Yugoslavia may be consulted nature reserves, tourist areas, protected landscapes— conference will be drawn up in the near future. coasts; National parks and reserves (European Diploma). for joint action on a regional theme. which will make up the great national reserve, to cover Material of various kinds can be provided for these five Exhibition material an area of over 30,000 hectares. Sym bol them es. Five themes are proposed: erosion and reafforestation; Complete delimitation of boundaries and drafting of Black and white or coloured photographs can be The symbol of the European Committee for the landscape planning; conservation of nature and rural a charter for certain reserves. provided for the five subjects mentioned above. Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, development; national parks and reserves; open-air re­ Organisation of symposia and projection of nature B rochures in English. the tree surrounded by twelve stars, is gradually creation. Material on these themes can be provided. protection films in Lisbon, Oporto, Coimbra, Viseu, Posters on birds of prey, the protection of flowers, etc. becoming more familiar throughout the member Photographs: Black and white photographs on these Evora and Vila Real. Folders are available on national parks, against lit­ countries of the Council of Europe. Given wide themes can be provided, with commentaries in English. publicity on all documentation for the Water tering, etc. Finland Maps: in English. Conservation Campaign, it has also appeared Switzerland Graphs and statistics: in English. The Finnish authorities are participating in Scandina­ in Swedish nature conservation newsletters and Posters and brochures: in Turkish with explanation in vian regional preparations for European Conservation The Swiss Nature Protection League has agreed to as part of the heading on official letters and English. Y ear 1970. undertake the organisation, in Switzerland, of European documents of "1970" committees in Norway Conservation Year 1970. Finland was represented at the 7th Session of the Euro­ United Kingdom and the United Kingdom. It is also found on Preparatory arrangements have been entrusted to a pean Committee (June 1968) with observer status. The main national conference will be held in November publications of the European Committee and small committee. (To be continued) The following proposals have already been made: 1970 in London under the aegis of the "Countryside in on the brochures issued for the European 1970". Reports will be considered from the ten specialised At international level Diploma. It is hoped that all member countries Protection of nature and landscape in the Alps as a bodies working under the auspices of the “Countryside will continue to encourage the use of the symbol, The above texts were extracted from National Reports submitted to the Secretariat contribution towards the solution of the complex prob­ in 1970" C onference: by member governments. particularly in connection with activities in the lems of preserving the Alps as a supranational region Agriculture and land management; Industry; Informa­ context of European Conservation Year 1970. for relaxation. tion; Environmental Education; Impact of urbanism on WATER CONSERVATION CAMPAIGN

LAUNCHING

CEREMONY CONStsvt- _

On 6th May 1968, in the Council of Europe Assem­ bly Hall, the “ European Water Charter " was officially proclaimed. At a ceremony attended by dignitaries o f the member states o f the Council o f Europe, speeches were given by Sir Geoffrey de Freitas, President o f the Consultative Assembly, Senator Georges Housiaux, Chairman o f the Organising Committee for the Launching Ceremony for the European Water Charter and the Water Conserva­ tion Campaign, HRH Prince Albert o f Liege, and Mr. Edgar Faure, at that time French Minisier o f Various views of the Strasbourg Agriculture. The Charter was then signed by the exhibition. Photograph above shows local Strasbourg officials principal speakers as well as by Mr. Peter Smithers, admiring the Netherland s ex­ Secretary General o f the Council o f Europe. Then, in hibit. the words o f HRH Prince Albert “ The battle for water (Photos - Council of Europe.) HRH Prince Albert of Liege signs the Water Charter with is taken up. It depends on the political courage oSir f Geoffrey de Freitas and Mr. Peter Smithers in attend­ governments, on the will of administration and ance. (Photo - Council of Europe.) the discipline of citizens to win it". STRASBOURG EXH IBITION

Prior to the Launching Ceremony an exhibition mainly photographic in character and provided an on water conservation problems was held in Stras­interesting European dimension to the water pollu­ MESSAGE IN THE RHINE bourg as part of the “ Spring Fair 1968". This exhibi­ tion problem and the measures used to tackle them. tion was under the auspices o f the Council of Rounded o ff by one or two local private organisa­ Europe and several member countries contributed tions, the exhibition provided the visual punch to On 5th May 1968, 14,000 “ messages " were thrown as well as some private firms. It was open to the the words that were being expressed with so much into the Rhine at the Pont de l'Europe, Strasbourg, public from 27th April-5th May, and also on the enthusiasm in the Assembly and showed that the during a ceremony presided over by Sir Geoffrey 6th May, as an integral part of the Launching problem was a very real one which concerned Ceremony. The exhibition was seen by several de Freitas, President o f the Consultative Assembly everybody. o f the Council o f Europe. This ceremony was part thousand people over the ten days. o f a campaign launched by a well-known European journal “ Femmes d 'Aujourd’h ui" in the context For any further details concerning the material used at the exhibition, contact: o f the much-larger "Message in the Sea” campaign The two main exhibitors were the Netherlands and France. The Netherlands provided a spectacular (discussed in “Nature in Focus" No. 1), aimed at M. Antoine Deliyannis Countryside Commission “ Delta Plan” (see photograph above) which had Professeur at the Athens Polytechnic 1 Cambridge Gate drawing public attention to the problem o f water G reece. Regent's Park pollution .The" Message in the Rhine " was organised been used for the Montreal World Fair in 1967. London, N.W.1. Apart from the interest of the exhibit itself this Institut d'Hygiène et de Santé publique E ngland. in the context o f the launching of the European Laboratoire des Eaux stand also provided a model lesson in mobile exhibi­ 1a, rue A u g u s te Lum ière Comité belge pour la Diffusion de la Water Charter on 6th May. Mr. Clebant o f" Femmes Luxembourg. Charte européenne de l'Eau d'Aujourd'hui” and Director of the "Operation tions, specially designed for on-the-spot assembly. Commissariat Royal au Problème de l'Eau Ministry of the Interior, 53 rue Ducale Message in the Sea" was in attendance. The assist­ Copenhagen, Bruxelles 1 Denm ark. B elgium . ance of Mr. Clebant and the journal in publicising the The French stand represented a triumph of inter­ M. Efdäl Deringil Voorlichtingscentrum Charter is gratefully acknowledged. departmental co-operation and organisation as Ambassadeur it Extraordinaire et voor Natuurbescherming showed the work performed by, with contributions Plénipotentiaire, H e rengracht 540 Représentant Permanent de la Amsterdam C, from, no less than twelve private and governmental Turquie auprès du Conseil de l'Europe Pays-Bas. 23 boulevard de l'Orangerie, organisations concerned with water pollution. 67 Strasbourg, France. “Messages" being lowered to the waiting boat at the The contributions of Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Secrétariat permanent à l'eau “Pont de l'Europe”. (Photo - Council of Europe.) 67, bd Hausm ann Luxembourg, Turkey and the United Kingdom were P aris 8*. An international jury meeting in Strasbourg in April selected the Raad van Europa winning entries in the Council of Europe's 4000 FF poster competition POSTER NATIONAL Council of Europe for the European Clean Water Campaign. The theme o f the competition * * * ★ * ★ was “ Water Conservation—a European problem". It was open COMPETITION to the ACTIVITIES ★ ★ ★ ★ pupils of art schools in the eighteen member countries. 160 poster designs ★ ★ ★ ★ were entered. SAUVETAGE DE L'EAU ★ ★ ★ ★ * ★ * European Water Charter Europees Hand vest voor het Water

Zondet water is gwEn leven mogeli|k Het is kostbaar goed Water .s onontbeerh|k voor p p ip p i| alle menseh|ke activiteiten De zoetwatervoorroden zyn met onuilputtelijk Z'| moeten

I mocl ervan doordrongen woiden d, De kwaliteit van het water moet geschikl bkjven is aller erlgoed is een spaai/uem voor aile gebruik Z'i moet m het b,,fonder voldoen itwoord gebruik ervan is .edets plich aan de eisen van de volksgefondheid

■n algemene nulle n.el onmogelyk word!

plantendek by voorkeur bos is van we/enlyl Mr. Alain VAN MIGRO. Brussels, Belgium. belang voor het behoud van de nutuu-lyke 3rd Prize— Belgian medal. PRIZEWINNERS Mr. Denis LAPLATTE. Strasbourg, France. Mr. Rino CASALINI. Berne, Switzerland. 1st Prize— French medal. 2nd Prize— Swiss medal. Mr. Denis LAPLATTE 1st Prize Ecole Municipale des Arts Décoratifs, French medal Strasbourg— France. English and Dutch versions of European Water Charter Poster. (Photo - Council of Europe.) Mr. Rino CASALINI 2nd Prize Kunstgewerbeschule der Stadt Bern, Swiss medal Berne— Switzerland. Mr. Alain VAN MIGRO 3rd Prize In “Topics of the Day" the television newsreel included Ecole Nationale d'Architecture Belgian medal Belgium et des Arts visuels, an interview with General C rah ay; Brussels— Belgium. A Belgian national committee has been set up, and its Mr. Jean-Marc JOST Honourable Secretariat is provided by the Office of the Royal Com­ In the programme called “At your service", practical Ecole Municipale des Arts Décoratifs, m ention Strasbourg— France. missioner for Water. advice was given on how to make the best use of drink­ Mr. Barry McGLONE Honourable ing water; Ipswich Civic College, m ention. Production of an illustrated folder: 100,000 copies School o f Art, British medal “The Curious Garden”, a programme for which Mr. ★ * ★ Ipswich—United Kingdom. bearing the nature conservation emblem were printed Mr. Amadeus LORETAN Honourable for the promulgation of the Water Charter. Kesteloot, Vice-Chairman of the Belgian Committee, Kant. Kunstgewerbeschule, m ention was responsible, devoted fifteen minutes to various Lucerne—Suisse Drawing competition: the rules of the competition have Mr. Denis GUESNIER Honourable aspects of river and water pollution. Ecole Municipale des Arts m ention been sent to the Belgian art schools (both day and evening * ★ * Décoratifs, schools). eau problème européen Strasbourg— France. vwter european problem Denmark CONSEIL DE L EUROPE Mr. Jean HAAS, Honourable COUNCIL OF EUROPE Ecole Municipale des Arts m ention A circular letter has been sent to all state school inspec­ Décoratifs, Questions connected with publicity for the European Mr. Barry McGLONE. Ipswich, United Kingdom. Mr. Alain de la BROUSSE, Tours, France. tors in the 150 largest Belgian municipalities with educa­ Strasbourg— France. W ater Charter are handled by the Ministry of the Interior. Honourable mention— British medal. Honourable mention. Mr. Michel WODEY Honourable tional autonomy, asking the teaching staff to co-operate. Ecole Municipale des Arts m ention The Danish European Movement has made itself Décoratifs, Teachers have prepared study plans for model lessons BEHOUD EN BESCHER!* Strasbourg—France. responsible for translating, printing, publishing and at various levels. Mr. Alain de la BROUSSE Honourable distributing the Council of Europe's booklet on the VAN NET WATER Ecole Régionale des Beaux-Arts, m ention Tours— France. The Committee attended the National Conference on Water Charter. EUROPEES PROBLEEM JURY Mr. Michel RUBBENS Honourable Water Conservation and the exhibition held simultaneous­ Ecole Nationale d'Architecture m ention A number of articles have been prepared for the Press. The members of the jury were: et des A rts Visuels, ly in Brussels, from 6-11 February 1968. Brussels— Belgium . A television programme is being prepared on water — the Representative o f the Secretary Gen­ Miss Denise MESSENGUY Honourable A lecture was given by Mr. Georges Housiaux on the resources and the European Water Charter. eral ( P reside nt), Ecole Nationale d'Architecture et m ention des Arts Visuels, European aspect of water pollution and the Water — Mme. de Prelle de la Nieppe, Editor-in- Brussels— Belgium . A bill is before the Folketing, for the revision of the Act Chief of "Femmes d'Aujourd'hui" (Bel­ Charter; Mr. Olafur OSKARSSON, Honourable concerning control of the water supply. g iu m ), The Icelandic College of m ention films were shown at the lecture and during the exhibi­ Art and Crafts, Icelandic medal — Mlle. Cécile Henry, Editor of "Paris- Reykjavik— Iceland. tion; Match" (France), France Mr. Ben GOOSSENS Honourable — Mr. Gillhausen, Deputy Chief Editor of Hoger St Lukasinstituut m ention a "water charter" stand was set up at the exhibition. The French National Committee has set up a working “ Stern" (Federal Republic of Germany),Brussels— Belgium. Mr. U lf WEST ER MAN Swedish medal The French-speaking Belgian television has given party, consisting of members of the National Committee Mr. Ben GOOSSENS. Brussels, Belgium. — M r. Claude Lefort, Professor at the Ecole Anders Beckmans Skola, Honourable mention. des Beaux-Arts of Angers (France). Stockholm— Sweden. considerable assistance: and other persons or associations interested, under the Illustrated propaganda included. Chairmanship of Mr. Tendron, who will provide the Lessons on water problems are to be given in all the United Kingdom classes of the country's primary schools, on the theme liaison between the Council of Europe and the National Press notices were issued announcing the European Publication of folders in Spanish according to the “Water Means Health". A model lesson will give the model and with the photos received from the Secretariat C om m ittee. Poster competition, the date of the launching of the teachers an outline of the subjects to dealt with. Council Posters and brochures have been distributed. Charter, the winners of the European Poster competition of the Council of Europe of Europe posters will be displayed in Luxembourg The issue of a special stamp is under consideration. and the launching of the Charter, its twelve precepts and printing of colour posters for distribution to schools, schools, town halls and stations. Their distribution has Educational activities at various levels and of a kind supporting statements. barracks, public centres, etc. been placed in the hands of a specialised firm. yet to be determined are also under discussion. The Countryside Commission is at present studying There will be a prize offered for work done by pupils, An application is to be made to the Directorate of Posts the possibilities of reproducing the poster which received which takes water problems as the theme. for all postal items to be provided with a cancellation Italy the United Kingdom medal at the recent competition, as A series of lectures were given during May in Madrid mark, such as “Pure Water Means Health”. part of the publicity campaign. The Ministry of Agriculture— URI Office and Directorate by specialists who went into the individual points of the General of Forests— has set up: Some 30,000 copies of the European Water Charter European Water Charter. Netherlands Poster were distributed to government departments, An Honorary National Committee composed of out­ On 7 May the Netherlands television showed the Shell local councils, river authorities, water and sewage author­ standing persons in science, technology, administration Company's film on water pollution. It was introduced ities, the police, schools, libraries and voluntary open and publicity, with special expertise in water uses and EUROPEAN DIPLOMA FOR by the former Prime Minister, Mr. Marijnen, who is the air and youth organisations. 30,000 copies of the European conservation. Ambassador Magistrat! is the chairman. Chairman of the National Committee of the Netherlands Water Charter leaflet were sent to Strasbourg and 20,000 NATURE CONSERVATION for the Water Charter, and by Mr. Salverda, of the State issued in the U nited Kingdom . A National Executive Committee to co-ordinate Italy’s The Diploma was created in 1965 and is awarded for Institute for Nature Conservation Research (RIVON). participation in the event. A stamp franking machine die bearing the slogan landscapes, nature reserves or natural features of Euro­ “Safeguard Water Supplies” was used in post offices pean interest, where measures of protection reach the The Directorate General of the Mountain and Forests The May issue of " Natuur van de Maand" was devoted in each of twelve towns during May and June. In addition necessary standard. It is granted for a renewable period Administration in conjunction with the Ministry of Educa­ entirely to the European W ater Charter. This is a monthly six dies bearing the same slogan have been made available of five years and the holders, the private or governmental tion, set a subject relating to water conservation for three which is sent to several thousands of primary school to organisations operating their own stamp franking authorities in charge of ensuring protection, are required school levels, namely elementary, lower middle and upper teachers. m achines. to send in annual reports to the Council of Europe on the middle. The best essays, selected by provincial and Television and radio authorities were covered by the management and protection of the area concerned. regional committees, were passed to the National Com­ Norway press notices and efforts made to stimulate interest. mittee with a view to presenting prizes to the winners at The Working Party responsible for the preparation of The educational planners of the British Broadcasting 1968 Presentations the “Tree Festival" in November 1968. European Nature Conservation Year 1970 is also in charge Corporation have been supplied with all the material of matters connected with the European Water Charter Luneburg Heath (Federal Republic of Germany) The Ministry of Education has reproduced the photo­ available. There was widespread distribution of press and the publicity campaign. graphs illustrating the twelve principles of the Water releases and separate approaches to editors of magazines Presented by Professor Fadil H. Sur, Director of Charter in a folder prepared by the Secretariat of the Economic and Social Affairs of the Council of Europe It is chaired by a member of the Storting, Professor and journals likely to consider features on the Charter. Council of Europe and translated; 60,000 copies were on 29th May 1968 to Mr. Alfred Toepfer, President of Olav Gjaerevoll. The text of the Water Charter has been The W ater Resources Board produced a mobile exhibi­ distributed in all schools immediately after 6 May 1968. “Vereins Naturschutzpark" at a ceremony that took translated into Norwegian and sent together with back­ tion dealing with water conservation. place on the Heath itself. The European Committee was ground material to the Norwegian television and radio as In the November issue of the “Countryside in 1970" represented by its Chairman, Mr. E. P. Dottrens (Switzer­ Radio and television programmes well as to the Norwegian Press Agency for distribution newsletter there will be an illustrated article on the cam­ land). On 6 May the Directorate General of the“RAI Giornale to the daily Press. paign and an article by Mr. Gerald Boulton of the Water Radio" arranged a 5-man discussion. Resources Board. Swiss National Park Sweden A programme on the promulgation ceremony for the Presented by Mr. Peter Smithers, Secretary General W ater Charter was broadcast in one of the televised news A National Committee has been set up to co-ordinate Spain of the Council of Europe on 29th June 1968 to Mr. J. Jungo, bulletins on 6 May 1968. affairs. On the occasion of the launching ceremony of the General Inspector of Forests and President of the Federal European Water Charter, the Spanish Government made Commission of the Swiss National Park, in the presence A Press Conference was also held. The brochure has been printed in Swedish and widely provision for the following activities: of Professor H. P. Tschudi, Head of the Swiss Depart­ distributed. ment of the Interior and other personalities, at Zermez. Relay on Eurovision of the launching ceremony of the Luxembourg The European Committee was represented by Professor European Water Charter. A special programme on which Switzerland M. Pavan, Director of the “Institut d'entomologie" at the With the collaboration of Radio Luxembourg a round the Director General for Hydraulic Works spoke. table discussion on the purpose of the campaign was The review “Cours d'eau et énergie” of the Swiss University of Pavia (Italy). Three programmes on schools' television. held. Time was reserved in the programme “Owes- Water Association (Association suisse pour l’aména­ magazin” to show some special aspects of the water gement des eaux), published a double April/May 1968 Press conference with people interested in the question. Muddus, Sarek and Padjelanta National Parks issue, giving the text of the Water Charter and including problem in Luxembourg. Problems of water conservation A reportage on the activities of the Institute of Hydrology (Sweden) seven articles dealing with various problems of water will also be dealt with regularly in Saturday programmes. and other centres, as well as information and news. Presented by Mr. Peter Smithers at a ceremony held at It was hoped that the most popular programme would pollution. Staloluokta on 27th August 1968. The official who received Relay by the National Radio of its Paris correspondent's also be interspersed with short but striking slogans on the Diploma was Mr. P. Sköld, Director of the National The Neue Zürcher Zeitung of 19 May 1968, carried a programme on the Strasbourg ceremony. water problems. Board of Crown Forests and Lands. Mr. E. Holmqvist, long article by Professor O. Jaag, Chairman of the Swiss Two commentaries on the importance of water. Minister of Agriculture and Dr. V. Poulsson, Director- The publicity campaign would be inaugurated by a Press League for Pure Water and Air (National Committee for General of the National Nature Conservancy Office were Conference. The Fishermen's Association intends to Switzerland), commenting on the twelve principles of the Discussions with interested persons. Throughout the also present. Mr. E. P. Dottrens represented the European bring out a special number of its journal “ Letzeburger Charter and on action taken by the Council of Europe in month of May news bulletins included news items on C om m ittee. Sportfesher" devoted to the campaign. connection with water conservation. the question. SHORT NOTES STEERING COMMITTEE OF THE Operation Habitat Rescue Forestry Exhibition CENTRE A new scheme to reverse the retreat of wildlife To commemorate its 50th Anniversary the from farming Britain has been launched in London Forestry Commission, Britain's national forest Mr. D AVID LEWIS 1968-69 by the Conservation Corps Operation “ Habitat authority, is to arrange a Forestry Exhibition on Rescue", which will be manned by parties of the Bush Estate, near Edinburgh, on 5th, 6th and AUSTRIA young volunteers and organised by the Soil 7th June 1969. Dr. H. HANSELY Association and the Council for Nature. These This comprehensive Exhibition will cover all Wirkl. Hof rat Dipl. Ing., young conservationists will create conditions for Chef der Abteilung Landesplanung und Naturschutz aspects of the work of the Forestry Commission KLAGENFURT. the survival of wildlife in intensively farmed areas and the forest industry, including timber produc­ BELGIUM by conserving hedgerows and river banks, ponds tion and the use of forestry machinery. The place Mr. E. J. J. KESTELOOT and ditches, and planting small copses as refuges. of forestry in the countryside will be explained, Directeur du Service de la Conservation de la Nature Recent efforts by conservationists in the United with emphasis on Public Recreation and the Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles en Belgique Kingdom have been concentrated on nature re­ Conservation of Wild Life. 31 rue Vautier BRUXELLES 4. serves and Conservation Corps volunteers have The Exhibition will provide a shop window for worked more than 37,000 man-days during the British forestry. Apart from marking the Forestry Mr. David Lewis, seen above with FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY past 8 years to help manage such reserves through­ Mrs. Lewis and Mr. Emile Dottrens, Representative from: Commission's Jubilee, its organisation is timely Chairman of the European Committee Bundesanstalt für Vegetationskunde, out Britain. But wildlife cannot survive only in for other reasons, for forestry has become a major for the Conservation of Nature and Naturschutz u. Landschaftspflege nature reserves; it must continue to exist in rural industry, providing greateconomicand social Natural Resources, relinquished his du­ Heerstasse 110 532 BAD GODESBERG. agricultural areas also. This is where it is most benefits. ties as Secretary to that Committee on threatened as economic pressures lead to the 14th June 1968 to take up a post as FRANCE Private forestry, too, which will be represented Assistant Professor of Languages at adoption of new farming techniques which destroy Mr. G. TENDRON (Chairman) at the Exhibition, is expanding fast and is playing Lakehead University, Port Arthur, Ca­ Sous-Directeur au Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle habitats and pollute the environment. its full part in the development of the countryside. nada. He had been with the Council of Europe for ten years, the last four chargé du Service de Conservation de la Nature 57 rue Cuvier (" H abitat ", April 1968. Published by the Council of Nature, Zoological Gardens, Forestry and public recreation go hand in hand. in the Nature Conservation Section. Regent's Park, London, N.W.1.) 75 PARIS V". Thus, camping, walking, picnicking, opportunities His energy and enthusiasm was re­ for nature studies and pony trekking, some of the flected in a great deal of the work of the ITALY Section, not the least of which was the Prof. M. PAVAN forest's attractions, will be incorporated in the valuable assistance he rendered in set­ Council for Environmental Education Exhibition. Direttore Institute di Entomologia Agraria ting up the European Information Centre. Universita di Pavia His duties as Secretary to the European Full details will be announced in due course. Meanwhile any enquiries to: The Via Taramelli 24 A Council for Environmental Education is being Secretary, 1969 Exhibition, Forestry Commission, 25 Drumsheugh Gardens, Edinburgh 3 Committee have now been taken over PAVIE. set up by the Standing Committee of the “ Country­ (iCAL. 4782). by Mr. H. Hacourt. NETHERLANDS side in 1970” in the United Kingdom. Over thirty Representative from: national organisations, in the fields of education, Voorlichtingscentrum voor Natuurbescherming conservation, recreation and land use are being Herengracht 540 invited to nominate representatives. The new Biological Conservation AMSTERDAM. UNITED KINGDOM Council will have three main fields of action. A quarterly international journal devoted to Representative from: First, there is a need to give children and young scientific protection of plant and animal wildlife people up to the age of eighteen a wider under­ The Countryside Commission and all nature throughout the world, and to the 1 Cambridge Gate standing of the natural environment and to en­ Regent's Park conservation or rational use of the biotic and courage a fuller use of the educational oppor­ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT LONDON, N.W.1. allied resources of the land and fresh waters, tunities offered by the countryside. Secondly, sea and air, for the lasting cultural and economic higher education will be considered, especially The acknowledgement given in earlier welfare of mankind. issues of the booklet on Sarek and the structure of school examinations. Thirdly, Padjeianta National Parks was unfor­ At its Seventh Session, held in Strasbourg in June this Edited by Nicholas Polunin (Geneva, Switzer­ there is a wide range of problems relating to the tunately incorrect. It should read: year, the European Committee for the Conservation of land). contribution of specialist bodies providing know­ " The text of this booklet is a condens­ Nature and Natural Resources examined the question of ledge techniques and facilities such as residential The main purpose of this pioneering journal is ed abstract from a work by Mr. Kai the composition of the Steering Committee of the European Curry-Lindahl, 1968: Information Centre for Nature Conservation. The European and day field courses, nature trails, educational the widest possible dissemination of original Committee decided that in future the Steering Committee ‘ Sarek, Stora Sjöfallet and Padjeianta nature reserves and museum services. The Coun­ scientific papers dealing with the preservation of should be composed of four of its own members and three — Three National Parks in Swedish cil for Environmental Education thus hopes to wildlife and all nature, and with the conservation representatives of National Agencies. Furthermore, the Lapland', published by the Swedish Committee agreed that for the year 1969, those countries promote a wider understanding of the part that or wise use of biological and allied natural re­ Forest Service through Rabén & Sjögren, whose National Agency should be invited to nominate a the natural environment can play in education sources throughout the world. Stockholm (141 pp. )." representative to meetings of the Steering Committee should and to advise on techniques and the provision Any inconvenience caused by this For further information contact Nicholas Polunin, 1249 Avusy, Geneva, Switzerland or be the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands and Of facilities. ( “ H abitat" op. c it.) Elsevier Publishing Co. Ltd., Barking, Essex, England. error is regretted. the United Kingdom. UNITED KINGDOM ICELAND NORWAY SWEDEN DENMARK The C ountryside Mr. B. K JA R A N The Administration for The National Nature Statens Commission Chairman of the Icelandic Outdoor Life and Nature Conservancy Board naturlrednings-og 1 Cambridge Gate National Council for the Conservation Smidesvägen 5 landskabskonsulent Regent's Park Protection of Nature Ministry of Labour and Rack 171 20 Nyropsgade 22 LONDON, N.W.1. Hafnarstraeti 5 Municipal Affairs S O N LA 1 COPENHAGEN V. REYKJAVIK. Kommunaldepartmentbat O SLO DER. FEDERAL REPUBLIC IRELAND OF GERMANY Forestry Division Bundesanstalt für Department of Lands Vegetationskunde D UBLIN 2. N aturschutz u. Landschaftspflege Heerstrasse 110 NETHERLANDS 532 B A D GODESBERG Voorlichtingscentrum voor Natuurbeschermin Herengracht 540 AUSTRIA AMSTERDAM. Wirkl. Hofrat Dipl. Ing. H. HANSELY Chef der Abteilung BELGIUM Landesplanung und Naturschutz Service des Réserves KLAGENFURT naturelles domaniales et de la C onservation de la Nature auprès de l'Administration des Eaux TURKEY et Forêts Mr. Z. BAYER Ministère de l'Agriculture Head of National Parks 32 Boulevard Bishoffsheim D epartm ent BRUXELLES 1. Turkish Forest Service Tarim Bakanligi Orman Genei Müdürlügü FRANCE ANKARA. Mr. COUTROT Chef Département de CYPRUS Protection de la Nature C.E.R.A.F.E.R. Director of the Ministère de l’Agriculture Department of Forests B P . 114 Ministry of Agriculture SAINT MARTIN and Natural Resources D'HERES — 38. 7 NICOSIA. LUXEMBOURG SWITZERLAND MALTA GREECE Conseil supérieur Ligue suisse pour la Director of Agriculture Bureau des Rapports Mr. P. M A R G A R O P O U LO S de la Nature Protection de la Nature Department of Agriculture internationaux Directeur de la Division Direction des Eaux et Wartenbergstrasse 22 93 Archbishop Street Ministère de l’Agriculture des R eboisem ents et Forêts C H -4052 BALE. VALLETTA. ROME. d'Aménagement des 26 rue Philippe II Bassins versants LUXEMBOURG. 9 rue Kratinou, ATHENES 112.

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