DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF Sand Mineral & Brick Kilns 8/17/2018

As per Notification No. S.O. 3611 (E) New Delhi, the 25th July, 2018 of Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate change, Government of

Submitted to

Under Secretary Mines& Geology Department, Government of

Prepared by

INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENT & ECO- DEVELOPMENT,

Ground Floor, Shyam Nagar Colony, Maurya Path, Khajpura P.O. B.V. College, Patna-800014, Bihar, India E-mail- [email protected] Website- www.ieedindia.in Tel.: 0612-2590373, Telefax- 0612-2590373 M- +91- 9472919161, 7004620817 PREFACE

The Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC), , made Environmental Clearance (EC) for mining of minerals mandatory through its Notification of 27th January, 1994 under the provisions of Environment Protection Act, 1986. Keeping in view the experience gained in environmental clearance process over a period of one decade, the MoEF&CC came out with Environmental Impact Notification, SO 1533 (E), dated 14th September 2006. Now again Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Government of India amended the notification S.O. 141(E) Dated 15th January, 2016 vide S.O. 3611(E) Dated 25th July, 2018. It has been made mandatory to obtain environmental clearance for different kinds of development projects as listed in Appendix-X of the Notification.

Further, in pursuance to the order of Hon’ble Supreme Court dated the 27th February, 2012 in I.A. No.12- 13 of 2011 in Special Leave Petition (C) No.19628-19629 of 2009, in the matter of Deepak Kumar etc. Vs. State of Haryana and Others etc., prior environmental clearance has now become mandatory for mining of minor minerals irrespective of the area of mining lease; And also in view of the Hon’ble National Green Tribunal, order dated the 13th January, 2015 in the matter regarding sand mining has directed for making a policy on environmental clearance for mining leases in cluster for minor Minerals, The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change in consultation with State governments has prepared Guidelines on Sustainable Sand Mining detailing the provisions on environmental clearance for cluster, creation of District Environment Impact Assessment Authority and proper monitoring of minor mineral mining using information technology and information technology enabled services to track the mined out material from source to destination.

The DEIAA and DEAC will scrutinize and recommend the prior environmental clearance of mining of minor minerals on the basis of District Survey Report. This will a model and guiding document which is a compendium of available mineral resources, geographical set up, environmental and ecological set up of the district and replenishment of minerals and is based on data of various departments, published reports, journals and websites. The District Survey Report will form the basis for application for environmental clearance, preparation of reports and appraisal of projects. The Report will be updated once every five years.

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OBJECTIVES

The main objective of the preparation of District Survey Report (as per the Sustainable Sand Mining Guideline, 2016) is to ensure the following– . Identification of areas of aggradations or deposition where mining can be allowed; . Identification of areas of erosion and proximity to infrastructural structures and installations where mining should be prohibited and calculation of annual rate of replenishment and allowing time for replenishment after mining in that area. . Identification of mineral wealth in the district.

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Index

Sl.No. Chapters Page No. Chapter-1 Introduction 04 Chapter-2 Overview of Mining Activity in the District 11 Chapter-3 The List of Mining Leases in the District with location, area and 19 period of validity Chapter-4 Details of Royalty or Revenue received in last three years 20 Chapter-5 Detail of Production of Sand or minor mineral in last three years 21 Chapter-6 Process of Deposition of Sediments in the rivers of the District 21 Chapter-7 General Profile of the District 25 Chapter-8 Land Utilization Pattern in the district: Forest, Agriculture, 26 Horticulture, Mining etc. Chapter-9 Physiography of the District 28 Chapter-10 Rainfall: month-wise 31 Chapter-11 Geology and Mineral Wealth 33  Drainage System with description of main rivers.  Salient Features of Important Rivers and Streams Chapter-12 Status of Brick Kilns in Lakhisarai 38 References 39 Annexures 40

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CHPATER-1 Introduction

As per Gazette Notification S.O. 141(E) Dated 15th January, 2016 vide S.O. 3611(E) Dated 25th July, 2018 a survey shall be carried out by the District Environment Impact Assessment Authority (DEIAA) with the assistance of Geology Department or Irrigation Department or Forest Department or Public Works Department or Ground Water Boards or Remote Sensing Department or Mining Department etc. in the district for preparation of District Survey Report as per the sustainable sand mining guidelines to ensure identification of area of aggradations or deposition where mining can be allowed, and identification of areas of erosion and proximity to infrastructural structures and installation where mining should be prohibited and calculation of annual rate of replenishment and allowing time for replenishment after mining in that area.

Every effort has been made to cover sand mining locations, areas and overviews of mining activity in the district with all the relevant features pertaining to geology and mineral wealth in replenish-able and non-replenish-able areas of rivers, stream and other sources. The mineral potential is calculated based on field investigation taking coordinates of the area and gather all relevant information and geology of the catchment area of the river or stream. Also gather all data for bricks mining, taking area coordinates with local soil quality, availability of soil etc. Also as per the site condition and location depth of mineable mineral is defined. The area of removal of mineral in the river and stream is decided on geomorphology and other factors, it can be 50% to 60% of the area of a particular river or stream. Similarly for bricks and soil mining all data will be gathered. Other constituents like clay and slit are excluded as waste while calculating the mineral potential of particular river or stream. This District Survey Report shall form the basis of application for environmental, preparation of reports and appraisal of projects. The report shall be updated once every 5 years.

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Administration

Lakhisarai district was a carved out of erstwhile district on 3rd July 1994. Earlier it was a sub-division within . It is located in southern part of Bihar state and extends from 250 01’ to 250 22’ North Latitude and 850 50’ to 860 17’ East Longitudes with a geographical area of 1301 sq km. The district is bounded on the north by Patna and districts, on the west by Nalanda and , on the east by Munger, while on the south it is bounded by district. is a part of . It has 06 developmental blocks (Fig.-1) comprising 476 villages with its headquarters at Lakhisarai. The total population of the district is 4476043 as per census year 2011 with a Rural: 4311466 & Urban 164577 population.

Figure: Present Locations / Subdivision / Blockwise Map of Lakhisarai District

Lakhisarai was an established administrative and religious centre during the golden period of Pal bansh. Lord Buddha also stayed here for three years on Chaliya Mountain and delivers the Sermons.

Topography

The landscape in the district lies in south of the River in the Gangetic plain apart of Angakshetra. Its height from sea level is 73 ft. the soil of the district is very fertile so it is rich in agriculture. This district is blessed with Ganga & Harohar River which is perennial in nature and which is rain fed. Ganga and Harohar bring alluvial soil in times of flood and maintains the fertility of soil. It has vast stretch of low lying area known as TAL area which is famous for pulses production in the state.

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Basin/sub-basin, Drainage

Lakhisarai district forms a part of -Kiul sub-basin of Ganga Basin. The district comprises catchments of Ganga and Kiul river systems. The district is having moderate to low drainage density with dendritic and radial patterns dominating in the hilly regions, while parallel to sub-parallel drainage pattern in the plains. The Ganga, Kiul and Harohar are the three main rivers flowing through the district. The Ganga flowing to the east touches the northern border while Kiul river flowing to the north almost bisects the district and joins the river Ganga in the north.

Irrigation Practices

The agro climatic condition of the district favours the plantation of cereal crops such as paddy, wheat, maize etc and pulses like gram and masoor. These together with vegetables form the main crops. Irrigational facilities are not sufficient. There are only two irrigation systems, the Kiul minor irrigation and Shringi Rishi dam.

As per the statistics of year 2004-2005 (Govt. of Bihar) the gross irrigated area is 51384 hectares where 30017ha is irrigated by deep and shallow tube wells, 16640 ha by canals and 4632 ha by other sources out of total cultivable area of 86151 hectare. Conjunctive use of surface and ground water can bring the desired development in this water scarce district.

Connectivity:

Lakhisarai is well connected to the rest of the state and India by rail, road and air connections.

By Air: Jai Prakash Narayan International Airport, Patna is the nearest Airport from Lakhisarai district. Patna is linked by regular flights to important cities like: Delhi, Kolkata Varanasi, Lucknow and so on. One can also reach Patna from Katmandu.

By Road: A convenient road network covers Lakhisarai connecting it to a number of important cities in Bihar, such as: Patna (80 km), (115 km), which are in turn linked to rest of the country.

By Rail: The Major railway station is Lakhisarai in the district. Important trains run through the railway station regularly for Kolkata, Orissa and other States. One can approach Lakhisarai from major cities from all over India like: Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai etc.

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Location / Subdivision / Block wise Map of District

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Demography of Lakhisarai District

 Lakhisarai 35th in terms of population (10,00,912) and 34th in terms of area (1,228 sq.km) inthe state of Bihar.  In terms of population per sq.km. Lakhisarai is the 32st densely populated district in the state with 815 persons per sq.km as against the states 1,106.  Lakhisarai ranks 29th in terms of sex-ratio (902) against the state’s 918.  Lakhisarai ranks 33th in terms of children-ratio (920) against state’s 935.  There are 110 uninhabited villages (out of 472 total villages) in the district of Lakhisarai.  Surajpur (under SurajgarhaC.D. Block) is the most populated village (13,438) and Ratanpur(under C.D. Block) is the least populated village (3) in the district.  C.D. Block Surajgarha has the highest number of villages (184) in the district and C.D. Block Pipariya has the lowest number of villages (22).

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 Hill Block (under Surajgarha C.D. Block) has the largest area (7,580 hectare) and 5 villages (underSurajgarha C.D. Block) have the smallest area (1 hectare each) among the villages in the district.

Source: Census of India 2011

Natural Divisions

Lakhisarai is a beautiful and important place in the state of Bihar. Lakhisarai district was established on the 3rd of July 1994. Before coming into existence as a new district, Lakhisarai was a sub-division within Munger District. Historians established on the basis of analysis of evidences, that this place was a reputed religious center for the in the period of Pal. The ruler of that time was fond of making Temples and other religious spots. It is one of the reasons that there are so many temples and other religious places within this region. Some significant temples and religious spots within the district are Ashokdham, Bhagwati Mandir of , Sringi Rishi, Jalappa Asthan, Abhainath Asthan on Abhaipur Mountains, Maharani Asthan of Abhaipur, Govindbaba Asthan (Mandap) Rampur and Durga Asthan Lakhisarai etc.

The district can be divided into three parts viz.

(i) Hilly area : The hilly area comprises of hill series and rocks like Kachhua hills, Kajra Mountains up To Abhaipur and Jaynagar Mountains including forest area (ii) Flood hit area: Almost whole of Pipariya block and some part of Barahiya is considered as flood hit area. This area remains almost drowned in rainy season. But so far as cultivation and agriculture is concerned this area is called the stock of food Grains (iii) Plain area: Rest of the part except Hilly and flood hit area is plain area with full greenery and cultivable land.

Railway main and loop line and NH 80 pass through the district headquarter, paving the way for its development. Railway main line and loop line cross each other at Kiul Junction.

Rivers

The Ganges, Kiul and Harohar are the main three rivers flowing through the district. The Ganges fixes the north east border, while Harohar separates Diyara region from the other parts of the district and Kiul River almost bisects the whole district. Due to these rivers Lakhisarai district is good in cultivation and forest. These rivers impart prosperity to the people and play an important

District Survey Report - Lakhisarai Page 9 role in making this district significant and unique. River Kiul also, by depositing top quality of sand, plays an important role in the economy of the district and creates an opportunity of employment too.

Climatic conditions

The climate of the district is somewhat extreme in nature, i.e., quite hot during the summer and fairly cold during the winter. January is the coldest month when the mean minimum temperature comes down to approximately 4oC. The temperature starts rising from March and reaches its peak in May when the mercury touches about 45oC. Rain starts sometime in mid-June and lasts till mid-September. The district gets easterly winds from June to September, and from October to May wind direction reverses. Maximum rains occur during the months of July and August (289 mm). Sometimes winter rains occur in Jan-February

Forest

Lakhisarai district has got the forest area coverage of 33225.26 acres in which no dense forest is present. The forest area of district has presence of Teak Wood, Seesam, Paisar, Kendu, Amla, Mahua, Mango, Neem and Gamhar Tree. The District has forest coverage in only 10.46 percent area of the total geographical area and so industrial and commercial exploitation of the forest is very less

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CHAPTER - 2 Overview of Mining Activity of District

Geomorphology of the district

The district has a diverse landscape ranging from hills to flood plains. The major geomorphic units are rocky upland; Pedi plain, alluvial plain and flood plains The Rocky Upland area comprises series of Kachhua and Kajra hills. These hill tracts constitute elevated and rugged landmasses surrounded by alluvial plains. The altitude of hills varies from 250 to 500m amsl. It comprises mainly quartzite, phyllite and schist of Kharagpur formation. The rocks of Kharagpur formation have undergone tectonic deformation giving rise to variety of deformational structures. The rocky uplands are limited mainly in Surajgarha block.

a) Pedi plain is represented by an area formed through coalescence of pediments and thus forms rolling topography and comprises residual soil overlain by mixture of sheet wash deposits. It extends all along the Kharagpur hills. b) Older Alluvial Plain forms a major part of the district. It comprises sediments deposited by Ganga River and also the sediments derived from the denudation of Chota Nagpur plateau and Kharagpur hills. This is also known as marginal alluvial plain due to its limited thickness. Although the thickness of this alluvium at Ashok dham village is about 123m but reduces considerably in the southeastern parts ranging from 15 to 20m. c) Younger Alluvial Plain forms the northern parts of the district and stretches few km to the south of Ganga rive. Almost all of Pipariya and some part of Barahiya blocks are considered as flood prone area. These areas remain inundated in rainy season. Locally, this is called “Tal” area. Diara area is level to gently undulating ground. The mighty Ganga meanders in this parts and usually remains flooded from middle of July to the end of September. The relief of this plain varies on an average from 25 to 65m above mean sea level.

Approach to Sand Mining:

River sand mining is a common practice as habitation concentrates along the rivers and the mining locations are preferred near the markets or along the transportation route, for reducing the transportation cost. River sand mining can damage private and public properties as well as aquatic

District Survey Report - Lakhisarai Page 11 habitats. Excessive removal of sand may significantly distort the natural equilibrium of a stream channel.

Main objectives of Sustainable Sand Mining:

 To ensure that sand and gravel mining is done in environmentally sustainable and socially responsible manner.  To ensure availability of adequate quantity of aggregate in sustainable manner.  To improve the effectiveness of monitoring of mining and transportation of mined out material:  Ensure conservation of the river equilibrium and its natural environment by protection and restoration of the ecological system.  Avoid aggradations at the downstream reach especially those with hydraulic structures such as jetties, water intakes etc.  Ensure that the rivers are protected from bank and bed erosion beyond its stable profile.  No obstruction to the river flow, water transport and restoring the riparian rights and in stream habitats.  Avoid pollution of river water leading to water quality deterioration.  To prevent depletion of ground water reserves due to excessive draining out of ground water.  To prevent ground water pollution by prohibiting sand mining on fissures where it works as filter prior to ground water recharge.  To maintain the river equilibrium with the application of sediment transport principles in determining the locations, period and quantity to be extracted  Streamlining and simplifying the process for grant of environmental clearance (EC) for sustainable mining.

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Figure 2.1 River Basin Map of Bihar

Mode of grant of mineral concession

i) Before giving details of actual sites/number of sites or mineral concessions it would be appropriate to explain that the mineral concession respect of minor minerals area granted as per provisions of the state rules, Framed by the respective state Government in Exercise of power under section 15 of the Mines and Minerals (D&R) Act,1957 ii) The state of Bihar at the time of bifurcation opted Prevailing rule Namely “Bihar Minor Minerals Concession Rules 1972” and amended by 2014.These Rule were amended form time to time as per policy of the state government for minor minerals. The Hon’ble Supreme Court vide its order dated 27.02.2012 directed all state Government to revise their state rule making provisions in accordance with various recommendations contained in the report of the group of MOEF&CC, on mining of minor and the model draft guidelines issued by Ministry of Mines, Gol

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iii) Accordingly, the state of Bihar Comprehensively revised its State Rules namely the “Bihar Minors Minerals Concession, Stocking, Transportation of Minerals and Prevention of illegal Mining Rule, 2014” repealing the Prevailing Rules namely Bihar Minors Minerals concession Rules 1972”. iv) The Mineral concession in the Bihar are being Granted in the form of “Mining Contract” or Mining Lease” through competitive bidding process. In district Lakhisarai minerals concessions are granted in the form of mining contact for the period up to 31.12.12019. The contracts are been granted through open auction mode. The Mineral concession are being granted subject to condition that actual mining operation shall be allowed only after Environment Clearance is/are obtained from the competent authority as per requirement of EIA Notification dated 14.09.2006 of the MoEF&CC, GoI. v) The Mineral concession holder are required to prepare detailed “ Mining Plan” for their specific project through Registered Qualified Person and get in approved from authorized officer of Mines and Geology Department of the State Government. The exhaustive mining plan are prepared by RQP giving details of minerals reserves, method of mining, Progressive closure plan, extent of proposed mining and other related details. These are the project specific details are based on these details itself the project proponents/minerals concession holder obtains environmental clearances.

Method of Mining and Condition in Which Mining in River Bed Areas is to be allowed

i. The river bed area apart from other related condition for mining are allowed to excavate minerals (sand) to ensure safety of river bed structures and the adjoining area on the following specific conditions: a. No mining would be permissible in a river bed up to a distance of five times of the span of a bridge on up- stream side and ten times the span of such bridge on down-stream side, subject to a minimum of 250 meters on the downstream side: b. There shall be maintained an un-mined block of 150 meter width after every block of 1000 meters over which mining in undertaken or at such distance as may be directed by the Director or any officer authorized by him. c. The Maximum depth of mining in the river-bed shall not exceed three meters measured form the un-mined bed level at any point in time with proper bench formation. d. Mining shall be restricted within the central 3/4th width of the river rivulet:

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e. Note: The above said conditions have been decided after detailed discussions and recommendations of the concerned Department, . ii. As the mining river bed remains restricted in the in the central 3/4th part of the river bed, the area left on both on side of the river bank not only ensures the safety of banks (bank cutting due to water stream) but also ensures that in the central part of river, water stream flows smoothly during rains and process of river and process of river meandering does not occur. iii. The light weight excavator/JCBs are being deployed to remove mineral form river bed up to maximum depth of 03 meter layer form general level of the bed. The mining in the river bed are undertaken in mechanized manner. At times the RQPs do refers the excavation in river bed mining through excavators as “Semi Mechanized Mining”. iv. The mineral excavated is directly loaded in the vehicles/dumpers and the vehicles owners and driver take away the minerals directly to the stone crushers or screening plants or consumers. In certain cases minerals concession holder stacks mineral on the river bank in case are not able to sell the material on actual mining itself.

Method of Mining in Areas outside River Bed Areas:

i. As the mineral (sand) are around river beds area also to ensure that mining from outside do not effect river. No mining is being permitted in an area up to a width of 500 meters form the active edges of embankments in case of river 250 meter in case of bridge and 100 meter on either side of all other rivers/rivulets. ii. The mineral from outside area river bed is being permitted subject to condition a safety margin of two meter (2m) shall be maintained above the ground water table while undertaking mining operation shall be permissible below this level unless a specific permission is obtained from the competent authority in this behalf further the depth of excavation of minerals shall not exceed nine meter (9m) at any point of time. iii. The method of excavation is such that the mining contractors deploys earth moving machineries and after removing the top layer of original soil, varying between 1 to 1.5 meter stacks the same separately. Thereafter removes the minor minerals deposits. After undertaking the mining i.e. removing of minerals layer up to a maximum depth of 09 meter, the top stacked soil is again spread back into the pit. The mined out area/land in put to reuse for cultivation after spreading the top soil. The landowners/farmers give their land

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to the contractors for mining after getting compensation, mutually settled between the landowner and the mining contractor.

Method of Mining in river bed area (semi mechanized/or manual) i. The Hon’ble NGT with regards to rivers bed mining has specifically desired to examine the mode of mining- shall the same be semi mechanized/mechanized or manual. ii. There is no specific definition of Semi- Mechanized Mining. The team Semi-mechanized mining in general is used were method of working in general are undertaken mechanically. However, some operation are also undertaken manually.Therefore the semi mechanized mining or mechanized mining is the method of working sometime mechanized mining with light machines are also referred as semi –mechanized mining. The term semi mechanized mining is being used in general parlance where in the very same mining area in part area as per requirement manual mining is also under taken along with mechanized mining of sand/river bed mining. iii. Where Manual mining operation are undertaken using conventional hand tools only like chisel, hammer and crowbar etc.and operation are only labour intensive. As per requirement manual lifting of sand and directly loading intensive, as per requirement manual lifting of sand and directly loading the sand in tractor trolleys etc. through labours itself. iv. The Mechanized mining operations in respect of sand mining are undertaken with help of excavator-cum–loaders. In this process sand is lifted/excavated from the river bed through excavator-cum loader and directly loaded in dumpers or other mode of transport. The vehicles carrying the minerals form mines to site of use/site of construction or sale stocks outside lease hold area (an independent business than that of mining). v. In the current scenario it is impractical to undertake manual mining because:- i. The labour are not easily available. ii. Manual mining cannot be under taken in systematic and scientific manner as compared to mechanical mining which can be undertaken systematic/scientific and controlled mining. iii. In case of manual mining to achieve desired level of production more number of manpower would be required meaning thereby human interface within river bed area would increase and more ecological damage would be caused. vi. The method of mining even otherwise can be uniform even for same area and all the methods have their own pros and cons,however,considering the current scenario wherever

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feasible mechanized (semi-Mechanized or mechanized is same thing) mining should be preferred over manual method.

General Regulation relating to Mining I. As per prevailing state rules the mineral concession holder are required to get a mining plan for the area prepared form a “Registered Qualified Person’. The mining plan includes the area specific details along with the mine closure plan (progressive & Final ) taking into consideration the details of the geology and lithology of the area including the estimated mineral reserve of the area. Proposed method of mining/development of mines, use of explosives and blasting operation. If any stacking and disposal of minerals, mine-drainage pattern, handing of the overburden, location of weight bridge and minerals processing ,if any .The extant of manual mining or mining with the use of machinery and mechanical device along level of production (production form year-to year for a period of five years),Mechanization, Type of Machinery to be used, nature and extent of the minerals body/spot or spots where the mining operation area proposed to be undertaken, natural water occurs, limits of minerals reserve and other forest area and density of trees, if any assessment of impact of mining activity on land environment management plans, In addition to this mining plan also suggests the details of area of restoration/rehabilitation of the area through afforestation, land reclamation, use of pollution control devices and such other measure as may be directed by the state Government from time to time. II. The Mining plan area to be got approved form the authorized officer of the state Government, Based on mining plan prior environment clearance from the competent authority as per provisions of EIA Notification dated 14.09.2006 of MoEF&CC, Gol. III. After obtaining the Environment clearance as Further, to comply with requirement of Air Act, 1981, the consent to establish and consent to operate from State pollution Control Board are also obtained before actual mining. IV. The above said provision mainly related to mineral conservation and environmental protection with regard to provisions related to safety in mines and welfare of labours provisions under mines acts 1952 are ensured by the Directorate General Mines Safety De Ministry of Labour, Government of India.

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Area Selected for Mining in District Lakhisarai: I. As per rough estimate total area of river beds (Ganga, Kiul, Harohar and tributaries/rivulets) passing through district Lakhisarai is about 39.55 Sq.km. Area outside river bed is also having mineral deposits. A large part of which is otherwise under various uses including agriculture. As regards selection of area for mining it may be pointed out that:- i. Earlier,(about 16-18 years back) mineral concession /mining contracts were being granted on revenue estate basis (without giving any specific details of areas)subject to various restrictions. The minerals concession holder used to undertake mining in area after living restricted area. ii. Needless to state that such material concession area use to have even the area having no mineral deposit, the area otherwise not permissible for mining. The Mineral concession holders were under obligation to undertake mining only in the area free from all restriction and as per prevailing all rules and regulation. Mineral Concession for minor Mineral prior to 14.09.2006 were not required to obtain environmental clearance. iii. The EIA notification dated 14.09.2006 became applicable for fresh contacts/ leases and in the year 2008 for grant of mineral concessions in respect of other area in the state fresh auction was notified subject to condition that will be allowed to be undertaken only after prior environment clearance to obtained as per requirement of EIA notification dated 14.09.2006 of MoEF&CC, Gol. However, said condition was challenged by some prospective bidders on the plea that the notification date 14.09.2006 was not applicable for mining minerals.

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CHAPTER - 3 List of Mining Leases in the District with location, area and period of validity List of Mining Leases in the District with location, area and period of validity is attached as-

Sl. Mining Unit Block Location Area (In Period (In Yrs) Name of No. Hect.) Minor Minerals 1 Village- Sharma, 24.9 Up to 31st Sand December, 2019 Panchayat- Sharma, Block- Lakhisarai 2 Village- Ramal Bigha, 3.00 Up to 31st Sand December, 2019 Panchayat- Bhalui, Block- Chanan 3 Village- Raota, 24.9 Up to 31st Sand December, 2019 Panchayat- Kundar, Block- Chanan 4 Village- Dumrahi, 4.00 Up to 31st Sand December, 2019 Panchayat- Dumrahi, Block- Chanan 5 Village- Rampur, 2.43 Up to 31st Sand December, 2019 Panchayat- Iton, Block- Chanan 6 Village- Moliya, 2.00 Up to 31st Sand December, 2019 Panchayat- Moliya, Block- Chanan 7 Village- Nagardar, 4.22 Up to 31st Sand December, 2019 Panchayat- Iton, Block- Chanan 8 Village- Jhinora, 4.74 Up to 31st Sand December, 2019 Panchayat- Mahisauna, Block- Lakhisarai 9 Village- Kishanpur, 3.88 Up to 31st Sand December, 2019 Panchayat- Rampur, Block- Suryagarha

Note: List of identified sand ghats in the district is attached as annexure-I

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CHAPTER - 4 Details of Royalty or Revenue received from Sand or minor minerals in last three years Sr. Year Revenue (In Lakh Rs.) 1 2014-15 2364.49 2 2015-16 1589.31 3 2016-17 822.17

Total 4775.97

CHAPTER - 5 Details of production of Sand or Bajri or Minor Mineral in Last three There was no EC approved gaht in Lakhisarai district before year 2018. Hence the production details of sand minerals is NIL

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CHAPTER - 6

Process of Deposition of Sediments in the rivers of the District

Process- Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water and/or by the force of gravity acting on the particles. Sediments are most often transported by water. Sediment is transported based on the strength of the flow that carries it and its own size, volume, density, and shape. Stronger flows will increase the lift and drag on the particle, causing it to rise, while larger or denser particles will be more likely to fall through the flow.

Deposition is the processes where material being transported by a river is deposited. Deposition occurs when a river loses energy. This can be when a river enters a shallow area (this could be when it floods and comes into contact with the flood plain) or towards its mouth where it meets another body of water.

Rivers flood on a regular basis. The area over which they flood is known as the floodplain and this often coincides with regions where meanders form. Meanders support the formation of flood plains through lateral erosion.

When rivers flood the velocity of water slows. As the result of this the river's capacity to transport material is reduced and deposition occurs. This deposition leaves a layer of sediment across the whole floodplain. After a series of floods layers of sediment form along the flood plain.

Larger material and the majority of deposition occurs next to the river channel. This is the result of increased friction (with the flood plain) causing the velocity of the river to slow and therefore

District Survey Report - Lakhisarai Page 21 rapidly reduce its ability to transport material. This leaves a ridge of higher material next to the river channel on both banks of the river known as a levee.

If the upwards velocity approximately equal to the settling velocity, sediment will be transported Downstream entirely as suspended load. If the upwards velocity is much less than the settling velocity, but still high enough for the sediment to move, it will move along the bed as bed load by rolling, sliding, and saltating (jumping up into the flow, being transported a short distance then settling again). If the upwards velocity is higher than the settling velocity, the sediment will be transported high in the flow as wash load.

As there are generally a range of different particle sizes in the flow, it is common for material of different sizes to move through all areas of the flow for given stream conditions.

The various factors governing the occurrence and deposition of sand is country rock i.e. geological disposition, climate, and rainfall, water load physical parameters of river and velocity of water current. Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy, they do stuff. The obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but, besides this, they also transport load, erode load and erode the channel through which they flow. Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent. In the case of a river, the agent is water. The water can erode the river’s channel and the river’s load. A river’s load is bits of eroded material, generally rocks, which the river transports until it deposits its load.

Capacity & Competence Rivers can only carry so many loads depending on their energy. The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific point in its course is called the age river’s capacity. The biggest sized particle that a river could carry at a specific point is called the river’s competence. Deposition to transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced to deposit its load. There’s several reasons why a river could lose energy. If the river’s discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isn’t flowing as quickly anymore. This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an increase in evaporation. Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load. If the gradient of the river’s course flattens out, the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower. When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy. As

District Survey Report - Lakhisarai Page 22 rivers get nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide, gentle sided valleys. The channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from its tributaries. As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material. This material will be small in size, as larger rocks will have broken up on their way from the mountains. Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will erode the river banks by abrasion. When rivers flow over flatter land, they develop large bends called meanders. As a river goes around a bend most of the water is pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion. The river is now eroding sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed, a process called lateral erosion. On the inside of the bend, in contrast, there is much less water. The river will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing. It cannot carry as much material and so sand and shingle will be deposited.

This is called a point bar or slip off slope Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside, the shape of a meander will change over a period of time. Notice how erosion narrows the neck of the land within the meander. In time, and usually during a flood, the river will cut right through the neck. The river will then take the new, shorter route. The fastest current, called the thalweg, will now tend to be in the centre of the river, and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks. Eventually deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake. The oxbow lake will slowly dry up, only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood. Streams lose velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases, when the volume of water decreases, when there is an increase in cross section, when they encounter obstructions, or when they enter still water. They deposit alluvial fans, alluvial cones, piedmont alluvial plains, channel fill, bars, flood plains and deltas. A river system can be divided into three subsystems:

 Collecting system (branches) -- consisting of a network of tributaries in the headwater region, collects and funnels water and sediment to the main stream.  Transporting system (trunk) -- the main trunk stream, which functions as a channel way through which water and sediment move from the collecting area toward the ocean. (Erosion and deposition also occur in a river's transporting system)  Dispersing system (roots) -- consists of a network of distributaries at the mouth of a river (delta), where sediment and water are dispersed into an ocean, a lake, or a dry basin

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Removal of washed in Silt Load Geologically, the district from part of the vast Indo-Gangetic alluvial tract. The origin of the Indo -Gangetic tract as a whole is now attributed to the sag in the earth crust formed in the upper Eocene times between Gondwana land and the raising of Himalaya belt. The economic minerals found in the district are Sand, Soil and Stone.

The sand deposits being an integral part of the dynamic river system to which it belongs. Therefore, as a part of natural cycle, the monsoon flow of every river carries with it replenishment of silt and washed out soil and clay from upstream areas in the catchment. This silt shall be removed during the sieving of sand before it is loaded into truck/tipper/trailer to carry to the consumers.

Sand mining is critical to infrastructure development around the globe. Sand is an essential minor mineral used extensively across the country as a useful construction constituent and variety of other uses in sports, agriculture, glass making (a form of sand with high silica content) etc. The rivers are the most important source of Sand. It acts as source of transportation and deposition of sand etc.

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CHPATER-7

General Profile of the District Lakhisarai district was a carved out of erstwhile Munger district on 3rd July 1994. Earlier it was a sub-division within Munger District. It is located in southern part of Bihar state and extends from 250 01’ to 250 22’ North Latitude and 850 50’ to 860 17’ East Longitudes with a geographical area of 1301 sq km. The district is bounded on the north by Patna and Begusarai districts, on the west by Nalanda and Sheikhpura, on the east by Munger, while on the south it is bounded by . Lakhisarai district is a part of Munger division. It has 06 developmental blocks (Fig.-1) comprising 476 villages with its headquarters at Lakhisarai. The total population of the district is 4476043 as per census year 2011 with a Rural: 4311466 & Urban 164577 population. District profile is as presented below in table. Sl. No. Particular Year Unit Statistics 1 Geographical features (A) Geographical Data i) Latitude 250 to 25025’N ii) Longitude 85055’ E to86025’E iii) Geographical Area Acre 317787.77 (B) Administrative Units Sub divisions 01 Tehsils 06 Nagar Palika 01 Gram Panchayats 80 Revenue villages 460 Assembly Area 02 2. Population

(A) Sex-wise Male 2001 417672 Female 2001 384553 (B) Rural Population 2001 561205 3. Agriculture A. Land utilization Total Area 2010-11 Acre 317787.77 Forest cover 2010-11 “ 33225.26 Non Agriculture Land 2010-11 “ 7513.82 Cultivable Barren land 2010-11 “ 1871.25 4. Forest (i) Forest 2010-11 Ha. 33225.26

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CHPATER-8

Land Utilization Pattern in the district: Forest, Agriculture, Horticulture, Mining

Forest Lakhisarai district has got the forest area coverage of 33225.26 acres in which no dense forest is present. The forest area of district has presence of Teak Wood, Seesam, Paisar, Kendu, Amla, Mahua, Mango, Neem and Gamhar Tree. The District has forest coverage in only 10.46 percent area of the total geographical area and so industrial and commercial exploitation of the forest is very less. Crop The agroclimatic condition of the district favours the plantation of various crops. Paddy, Wheat, Maize are the main cereal crops of the district. Different cropping patterns are adopted by the cultivators in different areas. In Taal area pulses like Gram and Masoor occupy maximum area, while in Ganga region Wheat, Maize, Mustard, Pea, Green Vegetables are the main crops. In Hilly area and other parts of the district Paddy is the main crop. In few areas Potato and Onion are also cultivated. The yeild rate (Quintal/hect.) of different crops are as follows:- Wheat,(In irrigated area 30-35, in Non irrigated area 15-20) Paddy(35-40) Gram(20-22), Maize(Rabi 60-62, Khariff 40-45), Pea(15-20) Masoor (18-20) Arhar (20-25) Mustard(10-12) Flood affected Tall and Ganga regions mostly in rainy season and in this region Rabi is the main crop . The cropping pattern in the district is (a) Paddy- Wheat (b) Paddy- Potato-Onion (c) Maize-Wheat-Green vegetable (d) Gram- Sarso.There is a good scope for scientific and rotation of crops for higher yeild. Irrigation The main natural water resources are rivers, fountains, Canals and rain fall. Planned irrigational. Facilities within the district are not sufficient. There are only two irrigation systems, Kiul minor irrigation and Shringi Rishi Dam which irrigate less than 10 percent of the total cultivable land area of district. Farmers depend either upon nature or private irrigational systems i.e Hand Pump, Boring, Local water storage or on Ponds for irrigation of their fields. Horticultural The district- wise analysis of the area and production of horticultural crops (fruits, vegetables, and flowers) reveals a substantial spread of horticultural production across the district. The horticultural development in the district has is very low and placed among twelve districts namely Lakhisrai, Jamui, Banka, , , Gaya, , Jehanabad, Bhojpur, Kaimur, Buxar and Supaul.

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Mineral resources Sand is major mineral of Lakhisarai district of Bihar. Yellow sand in Kiul river is major source of revenue collection in district as well as soil / clay is actively mined for bricks and pottery industry. In the financial year, huge amount of clay was produced for these purposes. It is also used as a decorative material in landscaping. Specific types of sand are used in the manufacture of glass and as a molding material for metal casting. Wide flood plains and high banks are the common features in the course of the Ganga and the Kiul along with silt and clay deposits. Stone is also a source of minor mineral in Lakhisarai district of Bihar. Land utilization patter is presented as below-

A. Land utilization i) Total Area 2010-11 Acre 317787.77

ii) Forest cover 2010-11 “ 33225.26 iii) Non Agriculture Land 2010-11 “ 7513.82 v) cultivable Barren land 2010-11 “ 1871.25 B. Forest (i) Forest 2010-11 Ha. 33225.26

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CHPATER-9 Physiography of the District

Hydrogeology

Hydro-geologically, the district is divided into two parts (a) hard rock/ fissured formation (b) unconsolidated / porous formations (Fig.-5))

a) The hard rock / fissured formation: It comprises rocks of Chotanagpur gneissic Complex (CGC) and Kharagpur formation. They are composed mainly of granite gneisses, quartzite’s and phyllites. In general, these rocks possess poor aquifers until or unless they have developed secondary porosities by means of weathering and/or fracturing. The drainage pattern of the terrain indicates that the basement rocks have undergone poly-tectonic deformations giving rise to deep seated tensile and shear fractures. These fractures appear on the surface in the form of lineaments. The lineaments are potential areas for ground water exploration and recharge. Weathered residuum, saprolite zone and fractures within 15 - 35m depths constitute shallow aquifers. In Lakhisarai district, two bore wells have been drilled and the maximum depth drilled is 135m at Gunsagar village in Halsi block. Ground water occurs generally under semi- confined condition in these areas.

b) Porous Formation: The Quaternary alluvium constitutes this hydro geological unit. Its thickness is maximum in the northern and western parts of district, while in eastern and southern part reduces to as low as 5m. The variation in thickness of the alluvium is mainly due to uneven bedrock topography

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and proximity of hill ranges. The alluvium comprises clay, silt and sand of various thickness. Aquifers in this formation occur under unconfined to semi-confined conditions. CGWB has drilled 04 tube wells in this formation and maximum thickness of alluvium is 123 m at Ashokdham village of Lakhisarai block. In general the alluvial thickness varies from 60 to over 120m. Details of exploratory bore wells drilled are given in table1.

There are four hydrographs network station (HNS) in the district. These HNS are being monitored four times in a year since 1975 by CGWB. The pre-monsoon 2011, water level in the district ranges between 7.58 to 9.8 and in post-monsoon 2011, its ranges between 1.28 to 6.09 m bgl. Long-term water level data (2002-2011) indicate no significant declining in water levels.

Ground Water Resources:

Dynamic ground water resources of the district were estimated (GEC-1997, norm) in the year 2009 by adopting groundwater estimation methodology 1997, Govt. of India. There are wide variations in the ground water potential of various hydrogeological units identified in the district. The net annual replenishable ground water resource of the district is 27941 ha m. The gross draft for all uses is 11719 ha m and allocation for domestic and industrial requirement supply by next 25 years is 2100 ha m. The present stage of ground water development of the district is 41.9% and hence all the six blocks of district fall under safe category for ground water development. At present, maximum ground water development has taken place in Ramgarh Chowk Block (65.3%), while minimum in Barahia block (24.5%).

Geomorphology

The district has a diverse landscape ranging from hills to flood plains. The major geomorphic units are rocky upland, Pedi plain, alluvial plain and flood plains The Rocky Upland area comprises series of Kachhua and Kajra hills. These hill tracts constitute elevated and rugged landmasses surrounded by alluvial plains. The altitude of hills varies from 250 to 500m amsl. It comprises mainly quartzite, phyllite and schist of Kharagpur formation. The rocks of Kharagpur formation have undergone tectonic deformation giving rise to variety of deformational structures. The rocky uplands are limited mainly in Surajgarha block.

a) Pedi plain is represented by an area formed through coalescence of pediments and thus forms rolling topography and comprises residual soil overlain by mixture of sheet wash deposits. It extends all along the Kharagpur hills.

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b) Older Alluvial Plain forms a major part of the district. It comprises sediments deposited by Ganga River and also the sediments derived from the denudation of Chota Nagpur plateau and Kharagpur hills. This is also known as marginal alluvial plain due to its limited thickness. Although the thickness of this alluvium at Ashok dham village is about 123m but reduces considerably in the southeastern parts ranging from 15 to 20m. c) Younger Alluvial Plain forms the northern parts of the district and stretches few km to the south of Ganga rive. Almost all of Pipariya and some part of Barahiya blocks are considered as flood prone area. These areas remain inundated in rainy season. Locally, this is called “Tal” area. Diara area is level to gently undulating ground. The mighty Ganga meanders in this parts and usually remains flooded from middle of July to the end of September. The relief of this plain varies on an average from 25 to 65m above mean sea level.

Soils

The Lakhisarai district consists mainly of Inceptisols, Entisols and Alfisols group of soils generated under different lithological and pedogenic conditions. Calcareous alluvial soil of Inceptisols group occurs on the southern bank of Ganga, particularly in Barahiya and Pipariya blocks. Younger alluvial soil of Entisols group occurs in major part of the district. It is deficient in nitrogen, phosphoric acid and humus. Texturally these soils are sandy to loamy and the pH value is on the alkaline side. Older alluvial soil of Alfisols group is developed mainly in the marginal areas along the foothills

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CHPATER-10

Rainfall: Month-wise Climograph / Weather by month Lakhisarai

Lakhisarai's climate is classified as warm and temperate. The summers here have a good deal of rainfall, while the winters have very little. This location is classified as Cwa by Köppen and Geiger. The average annual temperature is 26.3 °C in Lakhisarai. The rainfall here averages 919 mm.

The least amount of rainfall occurs in November. The average in this month is 1 mm. Most of the precipitation here falls in July, averaging 235 mm.

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Average temperatures Lakhisarai

The temperatures are highest on average in May, at around 32.9 °C. January is the coldest month, with temperatures averaging 17.6 °C.

Lakhisarai Weather by month / Weather Averages

January February March April May June July August September October November December

Avg. Temperature 17.6 20.5 26.1 30.7 32.9 32.1 29.7 29.3 28.9 27.1 22.1 18.6 (°C) Min. Temperature 10.9 13.3 18.6 23.5 26.4 27.3 26.5 26.3 25.7 22.5 15.3 11.5 (°C) Max. Temperature 24.3 27.7 33.6 38 39.5 36.9 32.9 32.4 32.2 31.7 29 25.7 (°C) Avg. Temperature 63.7 68.9 79.0 87.3 91.2 89.8 85.5 84.7 84.0 80.8 71.8 65.5 (°F) Min. Temperature 51.6 55.9 65.5 74.3 79.5 81.1 79.7 79.3 78.3 72.5 59.5 52.7 (°F) Max. Temperature 75.7 81.9 92.5 100.4 103.1 98.4 91.2 90.3 90.0 89.1 84.2 78.3 (°F) Precipitation / 13 6 10 8 28 115 235 233 191 78 1 1 Rainfall (mm) The variation in the precipitation between the driest and wettest months is 234 mm. throughout the year, temperatures vary by 15.3 °C.

Source: CLIMATE –DATA.ORG https://en.climate-data.org/location/24598/

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CHPATER-11

Geology and Mineral Wealth (i) Regional Geology Geologically, it represents nearly two third of Bihar is under cover of Ganga basin composed of alluvium and masks the nature of basement rocks.

Geological succession and their occurrences distribution

Age Geology Occurrences

Quaternary Alluvial Deposits(sand, clay, silt, North Bihar Plain & Central Bihar Fragments) Plain

Tertiary Sand Stones& Clay Stones North Champaran Hills

Gondwana Coal Measures, Forming a series of small outlier basins

Vindhyans Sandstones, shales, Limestones etc. Parts of Bahbhua and Rohtas Disricts

Satpura Schist, Phyllite, Quartzite Part of Aurangabad, Gaya, Nawada, Nalanda, Sheikhpura and Munger District

Proterozoic Schist, amphibolites, quartzite, Nawada, Jamui and Banka granites, dolerites and pegmatites

Archaean Gneisses, Granites, Schists, Phyllites, Part of Aurangabad ,Gaya, Nawada quartzites, amphibolites & intrusive ,Jamui, Banka and all metamorphosed sedimentary and igneous rocks

(ii) Local Geology of the area The river sand exposed in the river beds of Kiul, Ganga and surrounding areas is the product of the deposition of the sediments brought and deposited in the flood plains of River Ganga. These sediments are of recent geological formation. The litho-units exposed within the river and surrounding areas have formed as water borne sediments brought by flood water during rainy season every year and deposited in river bed. The litho units encountered in the river bed and surrounding areas belongs to the Shiwalik super groups. The size of the sediments towards the

District Survey Report - Lakhisarai Page 33 source i.e. host rock is course and at the tail end of the river the grain size is reduced to smaller sizes resulted in the formation of clay beds. The following sequences have been observed in the area, i.e. Top soil/ Alluvium followed by sand deposition.

Sand and silt are deposited in the middle of the river whereas fine sand and soil are deposited at the fringe of the riverbanks. Soil/ alluvium varying in thickness from 0.20m to 0.60m constitute the top horizons in the area suitable for agriculture. River Ganga meanders through the area exposing the alluvium and soil at the banks. Sand is found in the river bed up to a depth of more than 3.0 m. The major part of bed remains dry as water flows in a single stream during the non- monsoon seasons. Only during rainy seasons the entire flood plain has water, when there will be no mining done.

(a) Details of river or stream and other sand source of the district

Sand is major mineral of Lakhisarai district of Bihar. Yellow sand in Kiul River is major sand source and source of revenue collection in district. As well as soil / clay is actively mined for bricks and pottery industry. In the financial year, huge amount of clay was produced for these purposes. It is also used as a decorative material in landscaping. Specific types of sand are used in the manufacture of glass and as a molding material for metal casting. Wide flood plains and high banks are the common features in the course of the Ganga and the Kiul along with silt and clay deposits. Stone is also a source of minor mineral in Lakhisarai district of Bihar.

The rivers of the district bring out the sediment as bed load and suspended load during the monsoon period and post monsoon when the carrying capacity of river decreases it deposit the sediment as braided deposit, point bars, etc. these are the main source of sand in the district.

(b) Availability of Sand or gravel or aggregate resources

Kiul River is major sand source and in district. The rivers of the district bring out the sediment as bed load and suspended load during the monsoon period and post monsoon when the carrying capacity of river decreases it deposit the sediment as braided deposit, point bars, etc. these are the main source of sand in the district. There is gravel or boulder or bajari is not found is the district.

(c) Existing Mining Lease of sand and aggregates

Refer to Chater-3

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Drainage System with description of main rivers in

Total area of Lakhisarai district: 1301 sq.km.

Total area of drainage system with main rivers: 39.55sq.km.

S. No. Name of the River Area drained (Sq. Km) % Area drained in the District

1. Ganga 16 1.23% 2. Kiul River 18.5 1.42%

3. Bandar River 0.30 0.02%

4. Garkhe River 1.0 0.07%

5. Harohar River 3 0.23%

6. Some River 0.75 0.06%

Total 39.55 3.03%

Salient Features of Important Rivers and Streams

Total Area of Rivers in Lakhisarai District: -39.55 Sq.km.

S. No. Name of the River Total Length in the District Place of origin Altitude at (in km) Origin

1. Ganga 4.5 km 41 m

2. Kiul River 59 km Kumadar 72 m

3. Bandar Nadi 4.7 km Chak Indupur 42 m

4. Garkhe Nadi 16.75 km Bherha 42 m

5. Harohar Nadi 35 km Pali 43m

6. Sone River 76.5 km Ballopur 53 m

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River of Portion of Length of Average Area recommended Mineable Mineral Stream the river or area width of for mineral Potential (In stream recommen area concession (In Metric Tonne) recommende ded for recommen Square Meter) 60% of total d for mineral mineral ded for Mineral concession ( concession mineral in Sq. Km) (in concession Kilometer) in meter) Ganga 16 Sq. Km 4.5 km 3555 m 159.97 Lakh Sq. m 440.57 Lakh MT Kiul River 18.5 Sq. Km 59 km 314 m 185.26 Lakh Sq. m 510.20 Lakh MT Bandar River 0.30 Sq. Km 4.7 km 63 m 2.96 Lakh Sq. m 8.15 Lakh MT Garkhe River 1.0 Sq. Km 16.75 km 60 m 10.05 Lakh Sq. m 27.68 Lakh MT Harohar River 3 Sq. Km 35 km 86 m 30.10 Lakh Sq. m 82.89 Lakh MT Some River 0.75 Sq. Km 76.5 km 10 m 7.65 Lakh Sq. m 21.06 Lakh MT TOTAL 196.45 Km 681 m. 395.99 Lakh Sq. m 1090.55 Lakh MT (Average)

Mineral Potential Boulder (MT) Bajari (MT) Sand (MT) Total Minable Mineral Potential (MT) Not available Not available ~ 1091 Lakh MT ~ 1091 Lakh MT

Annual deposition

Annual deposition is calculated as 30 percent of total Minable Mineral potential in the district. Details are as below-

Boulder (MT) Bajari (MT) Sand (MT) Total Minable Mineral Potential (MT) Not applicable Not applicable ~ 327 Lakh MT ~ 327 Lakh MT

Methodology Adopted for Calculating of Mineral Potential

The mineral potential is calculated based on field investigation and geology of the catchment area of the river/ streams. As per the policy of the State and location, depth of minable mineral is defined. The area for removal of mineral in a river or stream can be decided depending on geo- morphology and other factors, it can be 50% to 60% of the area of a particular river/stream, e.g. in

District Survey Report - Lakhisarai Page 36 river mineral constituents like sand up to a depth of three meters considered as resource mineral. Other constituents like clay and silt are excluded as waste while calculating the mineral potential of particular river/ stream.

The specific gravity of each mineral constituent is different. While calculating the mineral potential, the average specific gravity is taken as 2.25. The percent of mineral constituent like sand also varies for different river and streams. While calculating the mineral potential the percentage of each mineral constituent is taken as Sand 25-30% and 5-10% for silt and clay.

The quantum of deposition varies from stream to stream depending upon factors like catchment lithology, discharge, river profile and geomorphology of the river course. There are certaingeo- morphological features developed in the river beds such as channel bar, point bar etc. where annual deposition is more even two to three meters.

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Chapter-12

BRICK KILNS IN BIHAR

The state of Bihar is developing rapidly. In the five year period from 2004 to 2009 Bihar’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has grown by 11.03% and between 2001 and 2011 there has been a significant increase in urbanization with the number of towns increasing from 120 to 213 according to the latest census. This has been possible through investment in various sectors, especially the construction sector. If this growth rate needs to be sustained, the demand for quality building materials will increase manifold. In rural areas too, Bihar faces challenges with the need for over 7.5 billion bricks over the next five years to meet the rural housing gap. A field study was conducted in 5 districts on Bihar to understand the present scenario of the brick industry and to assess the market potential and barriers for introducing energy efficient technologies for walling materials. The major brick producing districts of Bihar is Patna, Nalanda, Siwan, Muzaffarpur, Sitamarhi, East and West Champaran, , Samastipur and Madhubani. With over 5,700 authorized brick kilns the state produces around 17 billion bricks per year. The brick sector in Bihar is growing at a rate of 9%, however it continues to be dominated by traditional technology - the Fixed Chimney Bulls Trench Kiln (FCBTK). Unlike the rest of India (except Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal) the state of Bihar is the only state which has transformed the brick firing technology from movable to fixed chimney.

Lists of Bricks Earth are attached -Annexure –II

Status of Brick Earth in Lakhisarai District

S No No of operational Units of Brick Earth in Lakhisarai No of Units of Brick Earth in Lakhisarai districts during Financial Year (2016-17) district Identified by IEED

1 63 69

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References

1. Singh, U,(1965):“Ditribution and Character of Cities of The Ganga Plain.”National Geographical Journal of India,Vol.XI P.37 2. Optimum Utilisation of Surface Water and Ground Water Potential Using Fuzzy Approach National Systems Conference, NSC 2008, 17–19 December 2008 3. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov results/Census2011Bihar.pdf 4. Census of India 2011- Provisional Population Totals - Bihar - Data Sheet" (PDF). Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Vital Statistics Division. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. 2011. pp. 1 & 2. Retrieved 16 August 2012. 5. www.cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/Bihar/Lakhisarai.pdf 6. cgwb.gov.in/gw profiles/st_Bihar.htm 7. www.cgwb.gov.in/Regions/GW-year.../GWYB%20MER%20(Bihar)%202015- 16.pdf 8. www.census2011.co.in › Bihar 9. http://www.cwc.nic.in 10. http://www.ecobrick.in 11. CLIMATE –DATA.ORG https://en.climate-data.org/location/24598/

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Annexure-I

SAND GHAT STATUS OF LAKHISARAI DISTRICT

SL. Name Name of Are No. of GPS Coordinates No. of Sand Ghat a in Blocks A B C D River Hect s. 1 KIUL Kishanpur 23 Block - 1 25°11'55.99" 25°11'47.94" 25°11'34.78" 25°11'42.71" Sand Ghat 86°7'35.99" 86°7'41.52" 86°7'19.15" 86°7'13.28" 2 KIUL Garhi 24 Block - 1 25°11'19.89" 25°11'10.28" 25°10'59.65" 25°11'8.82" Bishanpur 86°6'34.63 86°6'41.09" 86°6'19.34" 86°6'12.90" Sand Ghat 3 KIUL Birdaban 18 Block - 1 25°10'4.80" 25°10'7.74" 25°9'54.42" 25°9'49.69" Sand Ghat 86°5'48.51" 86°6'1.09" 86°6'8.27" 86°5'57.86" 4 KIUL Gurdih Sand 18.5 Block - 1 25°9'36.87" 25°9'41.07" 25°9'20.29" 25°9'17.15" Ghat 0 86°6'10.67" 86°6'18.22" 86°6'33.05" 86°6'24.30" 5 KIUL Ghosi Kundi 22 Block - 1 25°9'2.04" 25°9'3.97" 25°8'35.72" 25°8'35.00" Sand Ghat 86°6'30.86" 86°6'40.21" 86°6'38.29" 86°6'29.27" 6 KIUL Khairi Sand 21 Block - 1 25°8'17.16" 25°8'19.01" 25°8'6.19" 25°7'57.33" Ghat 86°6'24.99" 86°6'35.94" 86°6'49.52" 86°6'43.97" 7 KIUL Mahisona 23 Block - 1 25°7'49.14" 25°7'57.73" 25°7'39.39" 25°7'33.77" Sand Ghat 86°7'0.63" 86°7'5.20" 86°7'32.95" 86°7'27.83" 8 KIUL Khutupar & 235 Block - 1 25°7'21.51" 25°7'24.55" 25°6'57.88" 25°6'52.71" Banshipur 86°7'42.85" 86°7'47.57" 86°8'15.84" 86°8'9.27" sand Ghat 9 KIUL Jhinaura 20 Block - 1 25°6'39.89" 25°6'44.21" 25°6'21.34" 25°6'20.43" Sand Ghat 86°8'22.96" 86°8'30.13" 86°8'40.20" 86°8'27.56" 10 KIUL Maliya Sand 24.5 Block - 1 25°5'32.94" 25°5'28.88" 25°5'5.08" 25°5'10.13" Ghat 0 86°8'15.23" 86°8'24.54" 86°8'10.86" 86°8'1.44" 11 KIUL Sharma Sand 22 Block - 1 25°5'34.10" 25°5'31.03" 25°5'15.19" 25°5'19.86" Ghat 86°7'38.37" 86°7'52.07" 86°7'37.97" 86°7'25.23" 12 KIUL Tetarhat 21.5 Block - 1 25°4'56.34" 25°4'59.36" 25°4'44.84" 25°4'41.69" Sand Ghat 0 86°7'30.98" 86°7'45.94" 86°7'53.34" 86°7'37.91" 13 KIUL Nagardar 23.5 Block - 1 25°4'39.35" 25°4'46.77" 25°4'38.50" 25°4'29.60" Sand Ghat 0 86°8'20.13" 86°8'24.34" 86°8'49.37" 86°8'42.12" 14 KIUL Rampur Sand 23.5 Block - 1 25°4'14.47" 25°4'17.63" 25°4'2.66" 25°3'56.56" Ghat 0 86°8'52.79" 86°9'0.40" 86°9'18.22" 86°9'1.71" 15 KIUL Nongarh 23.5 Block - 1 25°3'25.33" 25°3'30.83" 25°3'15.37" 25°3'7.01" Sand Ghat 0 86°9'2.45" 86°9'8.16" 86°9'32.68" 86°9'24.64" 16 KIUL Kumadar 22 Block - 1 25°2'49.53" 25°3'8.49" 25°2'43.80" 25°3'3.05" Sand Ghat 86°9'31.93" 86°9'52.18" 86°9'39.10" 86°9'59.71" 17 KIUL Moliya Sand 2 Block - 1 25°5'9.921" 25°5'12.708" 25°5'12.509" 25°5'7.965" Ghat 86°7'46.689" 86°7'46.807" 86°7'51.871" 86°7'52.920" 18 KIUL Nagardar 1 4.22 Block - 1 25°04'25.35" 25°04'28.02" 25°04'34.84" 25°04'30.01" Sand Ghat 86°08'54.15" 86°09'00.08" 86°08'53.74" 86°08'49.64"

District Survey Report - Lakhisarai Page 40

19 KIUL Rampur - 1 2.43 Block - 1 25°04'22.90" 25°04'18.54" 25°04'20.69" 25°04'25.98" Sand Ghat 86°08'53.56" 86°08'56.32" 86°08'00.15" 86°08'59.68" 20 KIUL Dumrahi 4 Block - 1 25°5'41.864" 25°5'47.685" 25°5'40.610" 25°5'38.536" Sand Ghat 86°8'12.188" 86°8'23.566" 86°8'21.709" 86°8'16.124" 21 KIUL Takari 3 Block - 1 25°2'8.441" 25°2'10.108" 25°2'2.556" 25°2'0.172" Mountain 86°10'34.939" 86°10'37.106" 86°10'45.667" 86°10'43.248" Sand Ghat 22 KIUL Takari 24.9 Block - 1 25°1'39.600" 25°1'34.200" 25°1'48.518" 25°1'54.470" Lakhapur 86°11'37.658" 86°11'34.872" 86°10'56.792" 86°11'2.043" Sand Ghat 23 KIUL Sharma Sand 24.9 Block - 1 25°6'7.543" 25°6'9.298" 25°5'48.618" 25°5'44.959" Ghat 86°8'30.831" 86°8'43.739" 86°8'19.025" 86°8'31.952" 24 KIUL Jhinaura 1 4.74 Block - 1 25°6'16.467" 25°6'17.091" 25°6'13.689" 25°6'12.883" Sand Ghat 86°8'24.693" 86°8'40.871 86°8'40.900" 86°8'24.732" 25 KIUL Kishanpur 1 3.88 Block - 1 25°11'28.881" 25°11'33.554" 25°11'26.040" 25°11'23.813" Sand Ghat 86°6'55.810" 86°6'56.609" 86°7'5.424" 86°7'0.953"

District Survey Report - Lakhisarai Page 41

List of Bricks Klins Under Lakhisarai District S. N Name of M/s Name of Running Address /close / Mark / Khata& Khesra Khata &Khesra Latitude (N) Longitude (E) Proprietor or close Mauja Grade No.of soil No. of bricks cutting area kline area

M/s Shiva Bricks Mr. Sunil Singh Mauja:- Govind Bigha Khata No: Khata No: 25.199085 86.092351 Vill:- Govind Bigha 25.199312 86.092426 Block:- Lakhisarai 25.199335 86.092241 1 Running 555/A ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.198881 86.092157 2013 Mo:-7870321611 25.198827 86.092357

M/s Bajrangbali Mr. Mauja:- Govind Bigha Khata No: Khata No: 25.200203 86.089918 Bricks Panveshvar Vill:- Balgudar 25.200002 86.090037 Sah Block:- Lakhisarai 25.200093 86.090152 2 Running BBM/A ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.200440 86.089940 1990 Mo:-8292485684 25.200374 86.089787

M/s ABP Bricks Mr. Satendra Mauja:- Balgudar Khata No: Khata No: 25.202832 86.088544 Dev+BaBlu Vill:- Balgudar 25.202946 86.088726 kumar Block:- Lakhisarai 25.202766 86.088751 3 Running ABP/A ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.202782 86.088296 2013 Mo:-9504180568 25.202932 86.088271

M/s BMP Bricks Mr. Niwas Mauja:-Kashva Khata No: Khata No: 25.205268 86.087795 Singh Vill:- Balgudar 25.205477 86.087770 Block:- Lakhisarai 25.205487 86.087628 4 Running BMP/A ESTD.YEAR-1995 Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.205045 86.087673 Mo:-8271517684 25.205056 86.087854

M/s Tata Bricks Mr. Om Mauja:-Balgudar Khata No: Khata No: 25.209909 86.085292 Prakash Singh Vill:- Balgudar 25.210074 86.085349 Block:- Lakhisarai 25.210129 86.085221 5 Running TATA/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.209730 86.085127 2012 Mo:-7301180082 25.209699 86.085773 M/s Pawan Mr. Mani Kant Mauja:- Jaitpur Khata No: Khata No: 288 25.254228 86.032320 Bricks Singh Vill:- Barhiya 25.254411 86.032545 Block:- Lakhisarai 25.254490 86.032439 6 Running PAWAN/C ESTD.YEAR-2010 Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.254076 86.03212 Mo:-9570528188 2119,2120 25.253988 86.032149

M/s Shivam Mr. Bablu Mauja:- Jaitpur Khata No: Khata No: 18,12 25.266324 86.036452 Bricks Singh Vill:- Jaitpur 25.266172 86.036738 Block:- Lakhisarai 25.266290 86.036779 7 Running SHIVAM/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:-Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.266559 86.036243 2010 Mo:-9631017957 130,133,132,134 25.266463 86.036163

M/s Sagar Bricks Mr. Surendra Mauja:- Tirasi Khata No: Khata No: 25.259848 86.042346 Singh Vill:-Barhiya 25.260039 86.042505 Close/ Block:- Barhiya 25.260089 86.042348 8 SAGAR ESTD.YEAR- 2017 Dist:-Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.259640 86.042138 Mo:- 25.259611 86.042285

M/s JMG Bricks Mr. Mauja:- Gangasarai Khata No: Khata No: 25.248110 86.016357 Radheshyam Vill:- Gangasarai 25.248058 86.016535 Singh New- Block:- Barhiya 25.247829 86.016589 9 Running JMG/C ESTD.YEAR-2013 Navin kumar Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.247780 86.016250 Mo:-8877612221 25.247896 86.016397

M/s KBI Bricks Mr. Raushan Mauja:- Barhiya Khata No: Khata No: 25.304286 86.023359 kumar Vill:- Barhiya 25.304261 86.023062 Block:- Barhiya 25.304384 86.023056 10 Running RBI/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.304444 86.023599 2012 Mo:-9204449439 25.304312 86.023654

M/s BBC Bricks Mr. Ranjit Mauja:- Govind Bigha Khata No: Khata No: 25.203410 86.094469 kumar Vill:- Govind Bigha 25.203671 86.094614 Block:- Lakhisarai 25.203660 86.094475 11 Running BBC/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:-Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.203120 86.094572 2014 Mo:-9135599370 25.203106 86.094420 M/s Shiva Bricks Mr. Sanjay Mauja:- Lakhsmipur Khata No: Khata No: 25.199085 86.092351 Singh Vill:- Lakhsmipur 25.199312 86.092426 Close/ Block:- Lakhisarai 25.199335 86.092241 12 SHIVA/C ESTD.YEAR- 2017 Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.198881 86.092157 Mo:- 25.198827 86.092357

M/s ABC Bricks Mr. Sanjay Mauja:- Gadh Khata No: Khata No: 25.250408 86.059989 kumar Vill:- Lakhsmipur 25.250086 86.059953 Block:- Lakhisarai 25.250093 86.059825 13 Running ABC/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.250653 86.059895 Mo:- 25.250650 86.060039

M/s A to Z Mr. Vijay Singh Mauja:-Khurha Khata No: Khata 25.258478 86.065368 Bricks Vill:- Barhiya No:834,4048 25.258749 86.065385 Block:- Lakhisarai 25.258738 86.065246 14 Running A to Z/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.258185 86.065298 2017 Mo:-9525180972 25.258181 86.065453

M/s JMG Bricks Mr. Kanhaiya Mauja:- Malpur Khata No: Khata No: Singh Vill:- Barhiya Block:- Lakhisarai 15 Close/2014 JMB/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:-Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: Only Middle Point 2014 Mo:-9472166272 25.259254 86.079003

M/s Maa Bricks Mr. Shashi Mauja:- Nandnana Khata No: Khata No: 25.083201 86.088415 Shekhar Singh Vill:-Ramgadh 25.083336 86.088162 Close this Block:-Ramgadh 25.083223 86.088138 16 Year No MAA/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:-Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.083216 86.088695 Start again 2000 Mo:-9939590719 25.083071 86.088685

M/s ABC Bricks Mr. kamal Mauja:- Nandnana Khata No: Khata No: Kishor Singh Vill:-Ramgadh Block:-Ramgadh 17 Close/2014 ABC ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: Only Middle Point Mo:- 25.084024 86.089729 M/s Kishan Mr. Ram Mauja:- Nandnana Khata No: Khata No: 25.083753 86.092760 Bricks Prakash Singh Vill:-Ramgadh 25.083866 86.092528 Block:-Ramgadh 25.083791 86.092508 18 Running KISHAN/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.083750 86.093029 2008 Mo:-8294206552 25.083668 86.093004

M/s Ganga Mr. Chandan Mauja:- Nandnana Khata No: Khata No: 25.083352 86.094430 Bricks Singh Vill:- Ramgadh 25.083234 86.094412 Close/2 Block:- Ramgadh 25.083505 86.093885 19 GANGA/C ESTD.YEAR- Years Chand Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.083381 86.093861 Dist:- Lakhisarai 25.083360 86.094144 Mo:- M/s LPS Bricks Mr. Anjani Mauja:- Sondhi Khata No: Khata No: kumar Singh Vill:- Ramgadh Chand Close/10 Block:- Rangadh 20 LPS ESTD.YEAR- years Dist:-Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: Only Middle Point Mo:- 25.100954 86.098413 M/s JBS Bricks Mr. 4 Patner Mauja:- Sharmar Khata No: Khata No: Vill:- Ramgadh Close Block:- Ramgadh 21 JBS ESTD.YEAR- /dead Dist:-Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: Only Middle Point 2016 Mo:- 25.093787 86.111604

M/s Taj Bricks Mr. Nilesh Mauja:- Sharma Khata No: Khata No: 25.102568 86.116249 kumar Vill:- Sharma 25.102743 86.116185 Block:-Ramgadh 25.102766 86.116316 22 Running TAJ/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.102307 86.116129 2013 Mo:- 25.102329 86.116251

M/s BTS Bricks Mr. Randhir Mauja:- Sharma Khata No: Khata No: 25.086419 86.117972 kumar Vill:- Sharma 25.086631 86.118033 Block:- Ramgadh 25.086643 86.117940 23 Running BTS/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.086138 86.117864 2012 Mo:-7250808159 2012 Mo:-7250808159 25.086145 86.117992

M/s JDM Bricks Mr. Rajesh Mauja:- Tetarhar Khata No: Khata No: 25.077165 86.117614 Yadav Vill:- Halasi 25.077025 86.117336 Block:-Ramgadh 25.076959 86.117421 24 Running JDM/C ESTD.YEAR-2013 Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.077385 86.117775 Mo:-9771929939 25.077298 86.117857

M/s MBM Bricks Mr. Mauja:- Tetarhar Khata No: Khata No: 25.070466 86.11944 Samshudhin Vill:- Halasi 25.070228 86.119494 Ansari Block:-Ramgadh 25.070274 86.119603 25 Running MBM/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.070623 86.119352 Mo:-9852034957 25.070688 86.119451

M/s Milan Bricks Mr. Sadanand Mauja:-Satyabj Khata No: Khata No: 25.038079 86.117325 Singh Vill:- Ramgadh 25.038288 86.117399 Block:-Ramgadh 25.038320 86.117315 26 Running MILAN/C ESTD.YEAR-2018 Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.037841 86.117296 Mo:-8676045401 25.037862 86.117181

M/s Sriram Mr. Bulbul Mauja:- Bahrama Khata No: Khata No: Bricks Singh Vill:- Halasi SHREERA Close/5Yea Block:- Halasi 27 M+APNA/ ESTD.YEAR- rs Dist:-Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: Only Middle Point Mo:- C 25.019657 86.108672

M/s BKS Bricks Mr. Vikas Mauja:- Konaga Khata No: Khata No: 25.020605 86.076879 kumar Singh Vill:- Konaga 25.020850 86.076973 Block:- Halasi 25.020853 86.076877 28 Running BKS/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:-Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.020335 86.076915 2018 Mo:-9931692300 25.020325 86.076814

M/s STM Bricks Mr. Rananuj Mauja:-Maharat Khata No: Khata No:44 24.986160 86.013723 Singh Vill:-Maharat 24.986287 86.013484 Block:- Halasi 24.986135 86.013465 29 Running STM/C Dist:- Lakhisarai 29 Running STM/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No:416 24.986010 86.013925 2012 Mo:-8521529702 24.986182 86.014011

M/s Satyam Mr. Pramod Mauja:- Maharat Khata No: Khata No: 24.986550 86.014002 Bricks Singh Vill:- Halasi 24.986539 86.014294 Close/3 Block:-Halasi 24.986427 86.014258 30 STM/ ESTD.YEAR-2015 year Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 24.986684 86.013712 Mo:-9771337256 24.986581 86.013699

M/s BSN Bricks Mr. Mauja:- Matasi Khata No: Khata No: 25.003222 85.998832 Vijaykumar Vill:- Matasi 25.003481 85.998844 Singh Block:-Halasi 25.003464 85.998965 31 Running BSN/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:-Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.002952 85.998894 2012 Mo:-9934734359 25.002945 85.998745

M/s Sivendra Mr. Sivendra Mauja:- Pipra Khata No: Khata No: 25.004163 85.996092 kumar Singh kumar Vill:- Pipra 25.004407 85.996133 Block:- Halasi 25.004372 85.996239 32 Running SPL/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.003891 85.996125 2011 Mo:-9631580251 25.003906 85.995983

M/s Shivam Mr. Shailendar Mauja:- Tarhari Khata No: Khata No: 25.010355 85.990569 Bricks Singh Vill:- Tarhari 25.010558 85.990543 Close / 5 Block:-Halasi 25.010539 85.990684 33 SHIVAM/C ESTD.YEAR- years Dist:-Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.009980 85.990544 2000 Mo:- 25.009998 85.990403

M/s Raj Bricks Mr. Bablu Mauja:- ouro Khata No: Khata No: 25.111959 86.052406 Singh Vill:- Ramgadh 25.111638 86.052461 Block:- Ramgadh 25.111623 86.052311 34 Running RAJ/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.112222 86.052503 2017 Mo:-9631017957 25.112200 86.052377

M/s Sriram Mr. Hari Kant Mauja:-ouro Khata No: Khata No: 25.112562 86.043088 Bricks Singh Vill:-Ramgadh 25.112611 86.043303 Block:- Ramgadh 25.112468 86.043337 35 Running SR/C Dist:- Lakhisarai 35 Running SR/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.112636 86.042843 Mo:-9973407973 25.112516 86.042860

M/s Sum Bricks Mr. Pankaj Mauja:- Chandanpura Khata No: Khata No:161 25.192537 86.171350 kumar Vill:-Chandanpura 25.192692 86.171378 Block:- Suryagdha 25.192627 86.171548 36 Running SUM/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No:344 25.192387 86.171338 1998 Mo:-9939659814 25.192562 86.171154

M/s Om Bricks Mr. Sanjay Mauja:- chandanpura Khata No: Khata No: 25.192538 86.171385 Yadav Vill:-chandanpura 25.192667 86.171425 Block:-Suryagdha 25.192554 86.171512 37 Running OMB/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.192542 86.171214 2000 Mo:-8936072654 25.192413 86.171322

M/s HHM Bricks Mr. Anandi Mauja:- Chananiya Khata No: Khata No: 25.199459 86.181124 Yadav Vill:- Chananiya 25.199629 86.181179 Block:-Suryagdha 25.199508 86.180998 38 Running HHM/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:-Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.199449 86.181313 2012 Mo:-9939417657 25.199319 86.181100

M/s SSS Bricks Mr. Sudhir Mauja:-Mahamadpur Khata No: Khata No: 25.205394 86.191567 kumar Singh Vill:- Mahamadpur 25.205705 86.191532 Close/2yea Block:- Suryagdha 25.205629 86.101390 39 SSS/C ESTD.YEAR- r Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.205142 86.191703 2010 Mo:- 25.205120 86.191484

M/s JMK Bricks Mr. Ramaudan Mauja:- Ratanupur Khata No: Khata No: 25.211199 86.201561 kumar Yadav Vill:-Ratanupur 25.211414 86.201739 Block:- Suryagdha 25.211300 86.201824 40 Running JMC/C ESTD.YEAR-2013- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.211031 86.201462 14 Mo:-9852757353 25.211139 86.201339

M/s JMS Bricks Mr. Manoj Mauja:- Aadupur Khata No: Khata 25.214477 86.206241 kumar Vill:- Aadupur No:41,74,07,24 25.214603 86.206518 Block:- Suryagdha 25.214731 86.206433 41 Running JMS/C Dist:- Lakhisarai 41 Running JMS/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra 25.214227 86.206086 2016 Mo:-9852310271 No:111,112 25.214413 86.205916

M/s JBS Bricks Mr. Uday Mauja:- Aadupur Khata No: Khata No: 25.215650 86.207255 kumar Vill:- Aadupur 25.215884 86.207467 Block:- Suryagdha 25.215948 86.207296 42 Running JBS/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:-Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.215460 86.207165 Mo:-9939094583 25.215500 86.206975

M/s JBB Bricks Mr. Nand Mauja:-Aadupur Khata No: Khata No: 25.217439 86.208504 Kishor Prasad Vill:- Aadupur 25.217114 86.208315 Rai Block:- Suryagdha 25.217069 86.208506 43 Running JBB/C ESTD.YEAR-2012 Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.217833 86.208394 Mo:-9097013073 25.217717 86.208652

M/s JMB Bricks Mr. Sikendra Mauja:- Aadupur Khata No: Khata No: 25.219049 86.208948 Yadav Vill:- Aadupur 25.219369 86.208918 Block:- Suryagdha 25.219350 86.209046 44 Running JMB/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.218770 86.208930 2014 Mo:-9934757672 25.218778 86.208757

M/s Aman Mr. Kumari Mauja:- Khemtarni Khata No: Khata No: 25.219715 86.209321 Bricks Nirupam Vill:- Khemtarni 25.219916 86.209259 Block:-Suryagdha 25.219880 86.209394 45 Running JMD/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.219513 86.209326 2000 Mo:-9934705997 25.219542 86.209142

M/s Mohan Mr. Mohan Mauja:- Vikrampur Khata No: Khata No: 25.220951 86.209754 Bricks Yadav Vill:- Vikrampur 25.220661 86.209678 Block:- Suryagdha 25.220717 86.209489 46 Running CHK/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.221278 86.209721 1998 Mo:-8084067199 25.221217 86.209950

M/s SSV Bricks Mr. Anil kumar Mauja:-Chandanpura Khata No: Khata No: 25.222986 86.210235 Verma Vill:- Chandanpura 25.222711 86.210027 Block:- Suryagdha 25.222646 86.210194 47 Running SSV/C Dist:- Lakhisarai 47 Running SSV/C ESTD.YEAR-2015 Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.223381 86.210110 Mo:-9430237029 25.223320 86.210448

M/s Raj Bricks Mr. Rajiv Mauja:- Sherpur Khata No: Khata No: 25.253184 86.233578 Nayan Singh Vill:-Sherpur 25.253255 86.233862 Block:- Suryagdha 25.253051 86.233834 48 Running RAJ/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.253356 86.233374 1999 Mo:-9852468371 25.253152 86.233337

M/s RKS Bricks Mr. Vikram Mauja:- Salempur Khata No: Khata No: 25.242254 86.250859 kumar Singh Vill:- Salempur 25.242523 86.250769 Block:-Suryagdha 25.242514 86.250977 49 Running RKS/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:-Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.241973 86.250678 2015 Mo:-9934705453 25.241934 86.250947

M/s JBG Bricks Mr. Mithilesh Mauja:- Avagil Khata No: Khata No: 25.266367 86.270413 kumar Singh Vill:- Avagil 25.266476 86.270718 Block:- Medani Chouki 25.266347 86.270748 50 Running JBG/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.266445 86.270117 2000 Mo:-9931091488 25.266349 86.270128

M/s JBM Bricks Mr. Dinesh Mauja:- Avagil Khata No: Khata No: 25.273007 86.272352 Yadav Vill:-Rampur 25.273333 86.272196 Block:- Medani Chouki 25.273329 86.272416 51 Running JMB/C ESTD.YEAR-2010 Dist:- Sheikhpura Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.272664 86.272261 Mo:-9931425998 25.272679 86.272474

M/s SDJ Bricks Mr. Aswani Mauja:- Makasampur Khata No: Khata No: 25.283380 86.301650 kumar Jalan Vill:- Makasampur 25.283573 86.301888 Block:- Medani Chouk 25.283463 86.301963 52 Running SDJ/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.283414 86.301300 2008 Mo:-9931696478 25.283272 86.301362

M/s BMJ Bricks Mr. Sri Mauja:-Makasampur Khata No: Khata No: 25.274198 86.306031 Veerendra Vill:- Makasampur 25.274514 86.306055 Block:- Medani Chouk 25.274487 86.305883 53 Running BMJ/C Dist:- Lakhisarai 53 Running BMJ/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.273905 86.306129 Mo:-9852565544 25.273932 86.305855

M/s BPM Bricks Mr. Vijay PD Mauja:- Slarpur Khata No: Khata No: 25.290363 86.341997 Mahto Vill:-Slarpur 25.290172 86.342060 Block:- Medani Chouk 25.290135 86.341862 54 Running BPM/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.290513 86.342069 2013 Mo:-9534775502 25.290525 86.341898

M/s NKJ Bricks Mr. Pawan Mauja:- Nanakpur Khata No: Khata No: 25.283867 86.340844 kumar Jalan Vill:- Devgra 25.284166 86.340808 Block:- Medani Chouk 25.284104 86.340634 55 Running NKJ/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.283663 86.340991 2008 Mo:-9931859937 25.283577 86.340767

M/s Raja Bricks Mr. Jyotish Mauja:- Nanakpur Khata No: Khata No: 25.276718 86.33868 kumar Vill:- Nanakpur 522,547,510,50 25.177054 86.338768 Block:- Medani Chouk 25.277029 86.338547 56 Running RAJA/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.276335 86.338536 2011 Mo:-9006621200 1026,1039,1053,1 25.276325 86.338758 052 M/s JBGS Bricks Mr. Prem Mauja:- Karehar Khata No: Khata No: 25.254142 86.239458 kumar Gautam Vill:- Karehar 25.258844 86.239585 Block:- Suryagadh 25.258817 86.239385 57 Running JBGS/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.259451 86.239485 2014 Mo:-9934696738 25.259433 86.239296

M/s JMT Bricks Mr. Munna Mauja:- Karehar Khata No: Khata No: 25.262591 86.233389 kumar Vill:- Karehar 25.262760 86.233175 Block:- Suryagadh 25.262824 86.233319 58 Running JMT/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.262402 86.233551 2015 Mo:-9031832218 25.263319 86.233406

M/s JMV Bricks Mr. Sanjay Mauja:- Karehar Khata No: Khata No: 25.259058 86.237421 kumar Vill:- Karehar 49,130,130,76 25.259291 86.237248 Block:- Suryagadh 25.259321 86.237423 59 Running JMV/C Dist:- Lakhisarai 59 Running JMV/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.258758 86.237525 2014 Mo:-9931846484 356,357,331,358,3 25.258729 86.237319 31 M/s BPR Bricks Mr. Vanvari Mauja:- Karehar Khata No: Khata No: 25.257402 86.235370 Prasad Rai Vill:- Karehar 25.257611 86.235195 Block:- Suryagadh 25.257600 86.235371 60 Running BPR/C ESTD.YEAR-2014 Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.258191 86.235255 Mo:-9006590259 25.258179 86.235486

M/s GPR Bricks Mr. Gopal Mauja:- Patelpur Khata No: Khata No: 25.254809 86.223843 Prasad Rai Vill:- Patelpur 294,293,209 25.254616 86.223715 Block:- Suryagadh 25.254684 86.223550 61 Running GPR/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra 25.255210 86.223835 2011 Mo:-9931649749 No:215,214,209 25.255095 86.224048

M/s JJB Bricks Mr. Sujit Mauja:- Harpur Khata No: Khata No: 25.178094 86.125167 kumar Singh Vill:Harpur 25.178159 86.125410 Close/ Block:- Suryagadh 25.177970 86.125369 62 JJB/C ESTD.YEAR-2011 Start Again Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.178257 86.124886 Mo:-8409864633 25.178103 86.124878

M/s Pawan Mr. Arun Singh Mauja:- Balipur Khata No: Khata No: 25.248752 86.133241 Bricks Vill:- Pipariya 25.248991 86.133208 Block:-Pipariya 25.248972 86.133385 63 Running PAWAN/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.248564 86.133326 2014 Mo:-9473042338

M/s Mr. Santosh Mauja:- Manpur Khata No: Khata No:03 25.097594 86.167329 Panchamukhi yadav Vill:- Kharkuaa 25.097560 86.167534 Bricks Block:- Chanan 25.098157 86.167701 64 Running PMC/B ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No:335 25.098171 86.167490 2017 Mo:-7349915040 25.097871 86.167547

M/s JKM Bricks Mr. Krishna Mauja:- wasubhachak Khata No: Khata No: 25.040133 86.183111 Murari yadav Vill:- wasubhachak 25.040296 86.183011

Block:- Chanan 25.040067 86.182634 65 Close/1yea JKM/B Dist:- Lakhisarai 65 Close/1yea JKM/B ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.039935 86.182684 rs 2017 Mo:-9006199708 25.040096 86.182824

M/s SVR Bricks Mr. Subodh Mauja:- Revta Khata No: Khata No: 25.040133 86.183111 kumar Vill:- Revta 25.040296 86.183011 Block:- Chanan 25.040067 86.182634 66 Running SVR/C ESTD.YEAR-2017 Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.039935 86.182684 Mo:- 25.040096 86.182824

M/s IBN Bricks Mr. Indradev Mauja:- Kundar Khata No: Khata No: 25.006919 86.213101 Rawat Vill:- Kundar 25.006924 86.212905 Block:- Chanan 25.006534 86.212850 67 Running INB/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.006753 86.213056 2015 Mo:-9939654679 25.006496 86.213080

M/s RKS Bricks Mr. Rabindra Mauja:- Kundar Khata No: Khata No: 25.004775 86.212966 kumar Singh Vill:- Kundar 25.004748 86.212674 Block:- Chanan 25.004224 86.212752 68 Running RKS/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.004224 86.213012 2017 Mo:-9939654679 25.004488 86.212906

M/s SDY Bricks Mr. Dilip Yadav Mauja:- Bis Hjari Khata No: Khata No: 25.054302 86.143501 Vill:- Nongadh 25.054135 86.143388 Block:- Halasi 25.054067 86.143972 69 Running SDY/C ESTD.YEAR- Dist:- Lakhisarai Khesra No: Khesra No: 25.054213 86.144037 2012 Mo:-9771703171 25.054188 86.143731