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Gracaw.J..Pdf Sistemática da tribo Heroini Kullander, 1998 (Perciformes, Cichlidae). Item Type Thesis/Dissertation Authors Graça, Weferson Júnio da Publisher Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais. Download date 01/10/2021 15:48:31 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/10052 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE MARINGÁ CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA DE AMBIENTES AQUÁTICOS CONTINENTAIS WEFERSON JÚNIO DA GRAÇA Sistemática da tribo Heroini Kullander, 1998 (Perciformes, Cichlidae) Maringá 2008 WEFERSON JÚNIO DA GRAÇA Sistemática da tribo Heroini Kullander, 1998 (Perciformes, Cichlidae) Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências Ambientais. Área de concentração: Ciências Ambientais. Orientadora: Profa. Dra Carla Simone Pavanelli (PEA-UEM) Co-orientador: Prof. Dr Flávio Alicino Bockmann (FFCLRP-USP) Supervisor no exterior: Prof. Dr Sven Oscar Kullander (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet- Suécia) Maringá 2008 "Dados Internacionais de Catalogação-na-Publicação (CIP)" (Biblioteca Setorial - UEM. Nupélia, Maringá, PR, Brasil) Graça, Weferson Júnio da, 1979- G729s Sistemática da tribo Heroini Kullander, 1998 (Perciformes, Cichlidae) / Weferson Júnio da Graça. -- Maringá, 2008. 217 f. : il. (algumas color.). Tese (doutorado em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais)--Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Dep. de Biologia, 2008. Orientador: Profª Drª Carla Simone Pavanelli. Co-Orientador: Prof. Dr. Flávio Alicino Bockmann. Supervisor no exterior: Prof. Dr. Sven Oscar Kullander. 1. Peixes de água doce - Tribo Heroini Kullander, 1998 (Perciformes, Cichlidae) - Sistemática - Região neotropical. I. Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em "Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais". CDD 22. ed. -597.74176012 NBR/CIP - 12899 AACR/2 Maria Salete Ribelatto Arita CRB 9/858 João Fábio Hildebrandt CRB 9/1140 FOLHA DE APROVAÇÃO WEFERSON JÚNIO DA GRAÇA Sistemática da tribo Heroini Kullander, 1998 (Perciformes, Cichlidae) Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais do Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências Ambientais pela Comissão Julgadora composta pelos membros: COMISSÃO JULGADORA Profª Drª Carla Simone Pavanelli Nupélia/Universidade Estadual de Maringá (Presidente) Prof Dr Luiz Roberto Malabarba Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Prof Dr Roberto Esser dos Reis Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Prof Dr Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki Nupélia/Universidade Estadual de Maringá Prof Dr Horácio Ferreira Júlio Júnior Nupélia/Universidade Estadual de Maringá Aprovada em: 28 de novembro de 2008. Local de defesa: Anfiteatro do Nupélia, Bloco G-90, campus da Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Aos meus pais (Edivaldo e Conceição), irmãos (Rodrigo e Carlos) e à Carina. Agradecimentos À Dra. Carla S. Pavanelli pela orientação, incentivo, amizade, confiança e dedicação. Foram incontáveis as vezes que deixou seus afazeres de lado, para sanar as várias dúvidas e problemas que surgiram ao longo do desenvolvimento desta tese, principalmente em relação aos empréstimos de material. Sempre serei grato por tudo que me ensinou ao longo desses nove anos de convivência. Ao Dr. Flávio A. Bockmann (LIRP, USP) que aceitou co-orientar essa tese, e que me mostrou os meandros da sistemática filogenética. Ao Dr. Sven O. Kullander (NRM, Suécia) pela sugestão de desenvolver a tese com os Heroini, e por ter aceitado me orientar em meu estágio de doutorado sanduíche no NRM- Suécia, e ainda, por ter várias vezes colaborado para que eu pudesse fazê-la da melhor forma possível. Ao Sven também agradeço as inúmeras aulas informais de fim de tarde ou semana, sobre ciência, sistemática, cultura européia e sul-americana, ciclídeos, aquarismo, biogeografia, nomenclatura zoológica, história da ciência, política, e tudo mais. Ao Sven, Fang, Tin Tin e Di Di sou grato também pelas vezes que me receberam em sua casa, e ainda, por me levarem para conhecer a principal festa típica Sueca a Midsummer. À Dra. Fang Kullander, Bodil Kajrup, Dr. Anders Silfvergrip por todo o auxílio e facilidades no NRM, sempre estavam dispostos a ajudar. Ao Anders agradeço também as boas conversas sobre sistemática, história e lendas da Suécia e Escandinávia, principalmente a hilária lenda do Papai Noel. Sim, o “Bom Velhinho” é Sueco. À Dra. Maria Isabel Landim (MZUSP) por ter fornecido boa parte da bibliografia de ciclídeos, fundamentais para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, incluindo suas Dissertação e Tese. Ao Dr. Pablo Goloboff (Instituto Miguel Lillo, Argentina) que gentilmente sanou minhas dúvidas sobre alguns procedimentos para utilização do TNT. Ao Ingo Schindler (Berlin, Alemanha) por ter enviado seus trabalhos e fornecido informações sobre a taxonomia de Heros, Mesonauta e Pterophyllum. Ao Dr. Juan J. Schmitter-Soto (ECOSUR, México) por ter enviado trabalhos sobre os Heroini Centro-Americanos. Ao Msc. Kai N. Stölting (Universidade de Zurique, Alemanha) por ter enviado bibliografia sobre Symphysodon, e por sanar algumas dúvidas sobre a filogenia deste gênero com base em dados moleculares. Aos membros da banca doutores: Luiz R. Malabarba (UFRGS), Roberto E. Reis (PUC- RS), Cláudio H. Zawadzki (UEM) e Horácio F. Júlio Júnior (UEM) pelas valiosas discussões e sugestões. Ao Dr. Cláudio H. Zawadzki, ou simplesmente “Cabelo”, grande amigo e companheiro de várias coletas, às vezes frustradas, na procura de novas espécies ao longo da bacia do alto rio Paraná. E também, pelas várias discussões sobre filogenia, evolução, genética, futebol, Rock in Roll e sistemática em geral. Sou grato também, por ter fotografado e analisado alguns dos tipos do MNHG, MNHN e NMW. Ao Dr. Jonathan Ready (NRM), amigo brasileiro-bretão, por ter inúmeras vezes me ajudado durante o meu período de três meses na Suécia, e também pelas discussões sobre sistemática de ciclídeos. Á Dra. Andréa Bialetzki (Nupélia) por ter permitido a utilização do laboratório de ictioplâncton do Nupélia. Ao Dr. David Hoeinghaus (Kansas State University Manhattan), por ter intermediado o empréstimo de material da Venezuela. A todos que enviaram material, fotos e/ou radiografias dos espécimes sob seus cuidados: Scot Schaefer e Barbara Brown (AMNH); John Lundberg e Mark Sabaj (ANSP); Ralph Britz (BMNH); Dave Catania (CAS); Francisco Langeani (DZSJRP); Mary Anne Rogers e Philip Willink (FMNH); Javier Maldonado-Ocampo (IAvH-P); José Ivan Mojica (ICN-MHN); Lucia Rapp Py-Daniel, Alberto Akama, Jansen Zuanon, Leandro Sousa, Marcelo Rocha e André Canto (INPA); Georges Lenglet (IRSNB); Ricardo Castro, Flávio Bockmann e Aléssio Datovo (LIRP); Francisco Provenzano (MBUCV); Donald Taphorn (MCNG); Margarete Lucena (MCP); Karsten Hartel (MCZ); Vinícius Abilhoa (MHNCI); Claude Weber e Sonia Muller (MHNG); Filipe Melo (MIRR); Ignácio Doadrio e David Espantaleón (MNCN); Pratice Pruvost (MNHN); Vladimir Fuentes (MNKP); Paulo Buckup, Marcelo Britto e Leonardo Ingenito (MNRJ); Wolmar Wosiacki, Sr. Alberto e Luciano Montag (MPEG); Hernan Ortega e Lourdes Figueroa (MUSM); Oscar Shibatta (MZUEL); Osvaldo T. Oyakawa, José L. Figueiredo, Eduardo Baena, Flávio Lima e Mário C. C. de Pinna (MZUSP); Raffael Winkler e Urs Wüest (NMB); Helmut Wellendorf e Ernst Mikschi (NMW); Sven Kullander, Fang Kullander, Jonathan Ready, Bodil Kajrup, Anders Silfvergrip e Erik Ahlander (NRM); Richard Winterbottom (ROM); Eldredge Bermigham (STRI); Paulo Lucinda (UFT); Hugmar Pains (UNEMAT); Carolina Dória e Luiz Jardim (UNIR); Richard Vari e Sandra Raredon (USNM); Klaus Busse e Fabian Herder (ZFMK); Peter Bratsch e Cristina Lamour (ZMB); Horst Wilkens, Ralf Thiel e Irina Eidus (ZMH). Ao Dr. Tomas Hrbek (Universidade de Porto Rico) por transportar em mãos material da coleção do MCNG até Manaus, e a Natasha V. Meliciano por trazê-los até Londrina. Ao Cássius Santana (UEL) por transportar em mãos material da coleção do MZUEL até Maringá. Ao Murilo Carvalho (LIRP-USP) por fotografar os tipos do BMNH. Ao Marcelo Rocha (INPA) que foi crucial nos momentos finais enviando fotos e informações de Heros da coleção do INPA. Ao Ciro Joko (Nupélia) que transformou meus vergonhosos e trêmulos rabiscos em primorosas ilustrações. Aos amigos que gentilmente me hospedaram em suas casas durante minhas visitas as coleções: Marcelo Bernuci (Ribeirão Preto, SP), André Galuch e demais membros da república do Rivaldo versão 2005 (Manaus, AM), Luciano Montag (Belém, PA), Hugmar Pains (Cáceres, MT), Solange Lólis (Porto Nacional, TO), e Sr. Antônio Vulcanis (Rio de Janeiro, RJ). Ao Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura (Nupélia) que forneceu o apoio logístico para o desenvolvimento deste estudo e, também por todas as demais facilidades ao longo desses 10 anos e meio. Ao Dr. Angelo A. Agostinho pelo auxílio financeiro fornecido através do projeto Peld: site 6, que possibilitou a compra de material cirúrgico utilizado na dissecção dos peixes. Ao PEA que financiou minhas viagens para Belém, Manaus, Ribeirão Preto e São Paulo. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) pela concessão
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