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Theologische Universiteit Apeldoorn in The THEOLOGISCHE UNIVERSITEIT APELDOORN IN THE NETHERLANDS _____________________________________________________________________ PAUL BAYNES’S PASTORAL TEACHING OF PREDESTINATION ACADEMIC THESIS FOR CONFERRAL OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR IN THEOLOGY, ON AUTHORISATION OF THE RECTOR DR. H. J. SELDERHUIS TO BE DEFENDED IN PUBLIC, GOD WILLING, ON THE 19TH DAY OF APRIL, 2021 AT 16.30 HOURS IN THE AFTERNOON WILHELMINAPARK 4, APELDOORN BY DAVID HUGH KRANENDONK 19 FEBRUARY 1979, HAMILTON, ONTARIO, CANADA ii Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Herman J. Selderhuis Co-supervisor: Prof. Dr. Michael A. G. Haykin Assessment Committee Members: Dr. J. R. Beeke, Puritan Reformed Theological Seminary Dr. J. Van der Kamp, Vrije Universiteit – Hersteld Hervormde Seminarium Dr. P. Rouwendal, Theologische Universiteit Apeldoorn Dr. W. van Vlastuin, Vrije Universiteit – Hersteld Hervormde Seminarium Dr. M. A. van Willigen, Theologische Universiteit Apeldoorn iii Aan mijn lieve vrouw Elly en mijn geliefde kinderen Simon, Ruth, Elnathan, Leah, Thomas, Ezra, Hannah-Jo iv Acknowledgements I hereby wish to acknowledge those who have been instrumental in enabling me to complete this dissertation. I thank my promotors, Dr. Herman J. Selderhuis and Dr. Michael A. G. Haykin, for their prompt reviews of my submissions, as well as the assessment committee members, Dr. J. R. Beeke, Dr. J. Van der Kamp, Dr. P. Rouwendal, Dr. W. van Vlastuin, and Dr. M. A. van Willigen, for their willingness to work through this dissertation as well. To Dr. A. Baars I give special thanks for his willingness to begin overseeing this study a decade ago and an apology that I took so long after his emeritation that he was not able to oversee its completion. Dr. G. Salazar’s paleolography course was essential to discover and transcribe valuable manuscripts of Baynes. The support and encouragement of the Free Reformed Theological Education Committee has been much appreciated, as has that of my parents and parents-in- law. It is an honor to have my father and father-in-law serve as paranymphs. The Free Reformed Churches of Bornholm and Oxford County deserve a debt of gratitude for their willingness to have me work on this project while serving them as their pastor. My dear wife and children made the most sacrifices to make this study possible. I am thankful for all the patience and support that they have shown. Ultimately, I must give all thanks to God for his enablement, even while I plead Him to cleanse these studies by Christ Jesus and use them to His glory by His Holy Spirit. v Table of Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................ iv Shortforms for Sources by Paul Baynes .............................................................................. viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1 1.1. Scholarship on Early Seventeenth-Century Ministry, Piety and Predestination. ............. 1 1.1.1. Post-Reformation Orthodoxy .................................................................................... 1 1.1.2. Puritanism ................................................................................................................ 9 1.1.3. Predestinarian Pastoral Theology ........................................................................... 14 1.1.4. Void ........................................................................................................................ 25 1.2. Scholarship on Paul Baynes .......................................................................................... 28 1.3. Prospectus..................................................................................................................... 41 CHAPTER 2: PAUL BAYNES’S LIFE AND MINISTRY ..................................................... 44 2.1. Baynes’s Life ............................................................................................................. 44 2.1.1. Early Years ............................................................................................................ 46 2.1.2. Student Years in Christ’s College, Cambridge ...................................................... 51 2.1.3. Ministry and Silencing in Cambridge .................................................................... 57 2.1.4. Subsequent Life and Death .................................................................................... 70 2.2. Baynes’s Writings ..................................................................................................... 84 2.2.1. Composition of Baynes’s Corpus ........................................................................... 84 2.2.2. Development of Baynes’s Corpus ......................................................................... 97 2.3. Baynes’s Influence .................................................................................................. 108 2.4. Conclusions ............................................................................................................. 125 CHAPTER 3: BAYNES’S PASTORAL THEOLOGY ......................................................... 126 3.1. Baynes on the Ecclesiastical Context of Ministry ........................................................ 127 3.1.1. Polemics between Bishops and Separatists ........................................................... 127 3.1.2. Commitment to the Church of England ................................................................ 135 3.1.3. Ecclesiology, Predestination, and Ministry ........................................................... 142 3.2. Baynes on Ministry in General .................................................................................... 149 3.2.1. Calling to the Ministry .......................................................................................... 153 3.2.2. Qualifications for the Ministry ............................................................................. 156 3.2.3. Duties in the Ministry ........................................................................................... 166 3.3. Baynes on Preaching .................................................................................................. 170 3.3.1. Role of Preaching ................................................................................................. 172 3.3.2. Form and Style of Preaching ................................................................................ 178 3.3.3. Content of Preaching ............................................................................................ 183 vi 3.3.4. Uses in Preaching ................................................................................................. 192 3.4. Baynes on Teaching Predestination ............................................................................ 200 3.5. Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 208 CHAPTER 4: PAUL BAYNES’S EXPOSITION OF PREDESTINATION ......................... 210 4.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 210 4.2. Place of the Doctrine of Predestination ...................................................................... 212 4.2.1. Systematic Works ................................................................................................. 213 4.2.2. Devotional and Practical Works ........................................................................... 217 4.2.3. Sermons, Lectures, and Commentaries ................................................................. 221 4.2.4. Summary .............................................................................................................. 228 4.3. Methods of Developing the Doctrine of Predestination ............................................... 230 4.3.1. Baynes’s Scholastic and Ramist Tools ................................................................. 230 4.3.2. Baynes’s Methods of Exegesis ............................................................................. 238 4.3.3. Baynes’s Use of Sources ...................................................................................... 243 4.3.4. Baynes’s Sample Exposition (Ephesians 1:5) ....................................................... 247 4.4. Content of the Doctrine of Predestination ................................................................... 255 4.4.1. The Predestinating God ........................................................................................ 256 4.4.2. Decree of Election ................................................................................................ 260 4.4.3. Decree of Reprobation .......................................................................................... 266 4.5. Polemical Clarifications of the Doctrine of Predestination ........................................ 278 4.5.1. Role of Polemics .................................................................................................. 280 4.5.2. Excursus 1: The Lapsarian Issue .......................................................................... 287 4.5.3. Excursus 2: Foreseen faith .................................................................................... 298 4.5.4. Excursus 3: Romans 9 .......................................................................................... 304 4.5.5 Excursus 4: The Fall .............................................................................................
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