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MAZAR-E SHARIF Eine Sozioökonomische Fallstudie MAZAR-E SHARIF MAZAR-E SHARIF Eine Sozioökonomische Fallstudie

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MAZAR-E SHARIF Eine Sozioökonomische Fallstudie MAZAR-E SHARIF MAZAR-E SHARIF Eine Sozioökonomische Fallstudie Peter Webinger – Wolfgang Taucher MAZAR-E SHARIF Eine sozioökonomische Fallstudie MAZAR-E SHARIF MAZAR-E SHARIF Eine sozioökonomische Fallstudie Katharina Heugl, BA MA InhaLtsverzeichnis Vorwort ..................................................................................4 Topographie ...........................................................................6 Einleitung ...............................................................................9 Allgemeine Informationen über die Provinz Balkh ........14 Sozioökonomische Aspekte .................................................15 Infrastruktur ..........................................................................36 Sicherheitslage .......................................................................47 Kinder und Schulbildung ....................................................77 Frauen .....................................................................................82 Rückkehr ................................................................................96 Dokumente ............................................................................113 Rechtsprechung, Streitbeilegungsmechanismen und Verfolgung von Straftaten ....................................................118 Conclusio ................................................................................121 Bibliographie & Quellenverweise .......................................137 Impressum ..............................................................................262 Vorwort Die vorliegende Monographie basiert auf Interviews, die von Mag. Wolfgang Hochmüller und der Autorin, Katharina Heugl, im Rahmen einer Fact Finding Mission der Staatendokumentation des Bundesamtes für Fremdenwesen und Asyl (BFA) gemeinsam mit der norwegischen Herkunftsländerrechercheeinheit Landinfo in Camp Marmal nahe Mazar-e Sharif, Provinz Balkh, im Oktober 2019 geführt wurden. Wie in dem vorangehenden Band unserer Reihe regiones et res publicae über die Stadt Herat soll dieser Band eine allgemeine Einschätzung der gesellschaftlichen und wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen in Mazar-e Sharif ermöglichen und dadurch zum besseren Verständnis von Herkunftsregionen von Flüchtlingen und Migranten in Österreich beitragen. Der erneute Fokus auf Teile Afghanistans ist dem Faktum geschuldet, dass seit 2015 ca. 47.590 Menschen afghanischer Staatsangehörigkeit einen Asylantrag in Österreich stellten, womit neben Fragen der Schutzgewährung auch Themen der Rückkehrmöglichkeiten Bedeutung haben. Besonderer Dank gilt der deutschen Bundeswehr für die Unterstützung und Unterbringung der österreichisch- norwegischen Delegation, dem Bundesministerium für Landesverteidigung und dem Bundesministerium für Europäische und internationale Angelegenheiten für die Unterstützung bei der Logistik und Vorbereitung 4 der Mission sowie allen Interviewpartner/innen für Ihre Bereitschaft, Ihre Expertise zur Verfügung zu stellen. Mag. Peter Webinger Mag. Wolfgang Taucher, M.A. Leiter der Sektion V Leiter der Gruppe V/C Fremdenwesen Asyl und Rückkehr Bundesministerium für Inneres Bundesministerium für Inneres 5 Topographie 6 Tomdibuloq Shengel'dy Kazygurt Kanysh-Kyya Ming-Kush Song-Köl Toktogul Suu Saktagychy 65° 70°Chorvoq suv ombori Kara-Köl Syrd Chemyndy 75° Kysylkum Desert ar Ottuk Kazakhstan Saryagash Terek-Say Kerben 'y Zarafshon Muruntov Koksu Chirchiq a Kazarman Ügüt Shardarinskoye Shardara Ala-Buka Tash-Kömür Naryn Oyoqquduq TOSHKENT 4062 Mayluu-Suu Baetov Kulanak Vodokhranilishche Yangiobod Kyrgyzstan Bazar-Korgon Yenbekshi Yangiyo`l Angren Namangan Massy Kosh-Döbö At-Bashy Ohangoron Pop Chortoq Jalal-Abad Jongeldi Uzbekistan Aydarko` l ko` li Zhetysay Olmaliq Andijon Sary-Bulak Arpa Chatyr-Tash Jigerbent in Shahrihon Kök-Aygyr Gagarin Baxt Bo`ka Shaydon a Bas Asaka Kara-Suu Kara-Kulja G`ozg`on gan Chatyr-Köl Qizilravot Churuk Uchquloch Taboshar er Nurota G`oliblar Guliston F Qo`qon Yangiqishloq Do`stlik Bahri Tojik Marg`ilon Osh Oy-Tal Birata YangiyerMastchoh Yaypan Gülchö Konimex Langar Qo`shrabot Qo`ytosh Qahramon Khujand Konibodom Farg`ona Eski-Nookat Kök-Art Gazli Karmana Jizzax Xovos Vodil Daýahatyn Navoiy G`allaorol Ghafurov Isfara Kyzyl-Kyya Sopu-Korgon 40° Vobkent Zarbdor Ghonchí Sülüktü Ravon Romiton Qiziltepa Oqtosh Kattaqo`rg`on Marjonbuloq Batken Shohimardon e Isfana n g China Gabakly Jondor Buxoro Juma Bulung`ur Zomin Aydarken R a Ulugqat Vorukh Ravat a i Sary-Tash Kansu Kogon Ingichka Samarqand Tu r k e s t a n Shahriston A l R a n g e Pik Tandyukul Daroot-Korgon Erkech-Tam Wuqia Qorako`l Qorovulbozor Toyloq Olot Nurobad Gulobod Panjakent Ayní Mehron Lenin Peak Seýdi Gadyn Urgut 5544 Q Muborak Mogiyon Q a t o r k u h i Z a r a f s h o n Shufu Farap a r Jirghatol S Galkynys s h i c h o ` l i Kitob Takfon 7134 Koson Chiroqchi Kalon Gharm a Khazret g e Navobod Ismoil Somoni Qarokul r Türkmenabat Shahrisabz r R a n Chandir Yakkabog` Eski-Yakkabog`Sultan G i s s a Tagob Darband y k Sakar A Romit Sangvor 7495 Karakum Desert m Beshkent Qamashi 4643 Tavildara Tajikistan Bulungkol Kongur Tagh u Qarshi Langar Roghun o Repetek Saýat da Yangi DUSHANBE Vahdat Qullai Istiqlol Muskol r'y G`uzor Obanbori Qalaikhumb l a Nishon D`og`ob Hisor Norak Ghudara Range 7649 Burdalyk Uzun Norak Khovaling Vanj Rabotakbaytal Rangkul Peski Garabekewül Tallimarjon Karashina Tursunzoda 6974 P Shorkul Muztagh Ata Besir Baljuvon Boysun Yovon Bartang a Murghob R K Hojambaz Darband Denov Obikiik Mu'minobod h i r Üçajy e Pelwert Danghara f e d K a 7509 l i f Sayrob Qarluq Ko h - e S a Rushon Kuli Sarez m U Gursunmagdan Sho`rchi n Chashkent Rawnina z b Halaç o ý Kerkiçi Kärhanasy Kulob Rushan Range i g e y 3138 Bandixon Qumqo`rgo`n Qurghonteppa Deh Khwahan Shardem Tokhtamish Atamyrat Magdanly Ayrybaba Vose' Revak Yashilkul Alichur r Inkylap Baýramaly Zähmet Jelondí Gyzylaýak Sherobod Kolkhozobod Vakhsh Maskav Suduj Cheshtebe Mary Garamätnyýaz Köýtendag Farkhor Ragh Khorugh Ju Ju Klu Türkmengala Bassaka Xalqobod Jarqo`rgo`n Sheghnan Zorkul Qizilrabot Kelif Qubodiyon Yangi Qala Kol-e Shewah Murgap Ýolöten Dustí Panj Roshtqal'a ir ange ir Qarqin Termiz j Shahr-e Buzurg Vrist m an R am Denizhan Shortepa Shahritus Pan Chah Ab Yuben' a kh Kol-e Chaqmaqtin P Turkmenistan P a tle Fayzabad W Baza'i Gunbad it Suluke Gannaly Mardyan Dawlatabad Rustaq Qozideh Vakhan L Andkhoy Aqcha Ayvaj Imam Sahib Langar Gyzylbaýdak Khwaja Ghar Baharak Khandud Qala-I-Panja Dumanly M Imam-Baba Mausoleum Na'ibabad Bash Jurm Lunkho 5221 Kalandar-P. Misgar u Chapak Kunduz Ishqoshim Broghol-P. 3798 r Khulm Abdan Taluqan Kishim g Shibirghan Zu Chillinji h Gozar 6901 a i Balkh Qazi Deh Morich Sarahs b l i g Mazar-e Sharif `Aliabad Khanabad Iskan Zebak Bohrt Sandykgaçy l e n t Dawlatabad Kuri Noshaq Mir Wali l B e Ishkamish Dur Rayan Imit G a r a b i Chahar Kint Hazrat-e Sultan Hunza Sarakhs Saryýazy Suw B Sanglech 7492 Yasin Dasköpri Fayzabad a Booni Mastuj l Aybak Howdany Sar-e Pul k Warsaj 7708 Gupis h Buyni Qara Baghlan h Ghizar Chilpi Rakaposhi Koh-e Sayyad Kishindih-ye Bala s Tirich Mir Laspur Pingal Baghbaghu Pol-e Khatun Nahrin Kuran Wa Munjan Darband Shandur-P. Erden Tagtabazar Tukzar Rabatak u 3738 Ambesh 7788 Maymana Dehi K Chitral Sher Qila Na`tu Murichaq Bilchiragh Pul-e Khumri Anjuman-P. 4430 K Gilgit Ghormach a f Jannatabad Sakza'i `Alaqahdari-ye Almar u Naw i r Galaýmor Kohistanat e Andara Khawak-P. i s Kohistan Gilgit-Baltistan Qaysar Dushi Darah-y b d t Salehabad Bala Murghab a n d - e Sar-e Pul n a Drosh Gayal Gah a h - y e B T u r k i s t a n Sar-e Bum Banu4370 n Tal Sazin Karez Ilyas Çemenebit i l s i l Khinjan i Kamdesh Kalam Lengar S Gaw Jan Qalacha Salang-P. H Parun Kotgala Chilas Ab-i-Rahuk Chiras Kahmard 3878 Arnawai Lowari-P. Torbat-e Duab-e Maykh-e Zarin Bazarak Garai Jalkot Rabat-e Wama 3118 Dir Jam Serhetabat K Band-e Hindukush 4258 Nari Patan Gulran Jawand o Sayghan Surkh h Jabalussaraj Charikar Asmar 35° Qala-I-Naw - Lokar Ghadai Warai Post Burawai Koshk e Shibar-P. Mahmud-e Raqi Chakai H Band-e Amir Bamyan Langar Kariz Qadis i Qarabagh Asadabad Shardi Qarabagh Koshk-e s a Nayak 2997 Mongora Kagan Taybad K o h r ba Khish Mir Bachah Kot Nawagai Saidu Islam Qala Kohna S a f e d oh-e Ba Mihtarlam Paras Karat S i l s i l a h - y e Dawlat Yar K Kabul Sarobi Malakand Jammu & Khvaf Tir Pul Karukh Chaghcharan Arg-e Zari Gardan Dewal Nurgal Dargai Rozanak a y a n 5048 3352KABUL Chahar Ambela Kashmir Sangan Herat Obê Chisht-e Sharif a n d - e B Panjab Bagrami Pustin h B Qala-I-Sang-e Takht Kotah-ye `Ashro Bagh Muzaffara- Harirud M u r g d Unai- P. Jalalabad Mardan Abbottabad Ghoryan Dehgon K a s a h n an Bihsud Maydan Mama Khel Charsadda bad Shahrak l a elm Shahr Khyber-P. Landi Tarbela-Dam a Dahan Wars H Sikaram Uri Konar Tapa Karez h d Ghargharib S Acheen 1070 Azad Hasan Kula Tulak S i y a h K o r a f e Kotal Peshawar Swabi Haripur Chah-e b ê Markaz-e Pul-e 4755 d K o h Bagh Sarmalan A w Peiwar- P. Dwatoi Gardana Qala-I-Farsi i l Tagab a Saydabad Alam 2596 Nowshera h Khadir N Parachinar Gandalak i Nili Tera- P. Saghar h Pasaband e ISLAMABAD Bamrud Nayi Nawak C Khisrow - 2895 Gardez Sadda Attock City Wah Kahuta e t Kohat Sher Bakhsh-e Kalan - h Ghazni Alizai o h s Ajristan K- G - P. Pishin Jan K a Basal Yazdan Walima Afghanistan Dowlat Khan 2869 Thal Hangu Fatehjang Rawalpindi Taywara Hukumati D Khost Shindand h Sangan Bazar-e Malistan Banda Daud Gujar Khan Sarab ara t Gizab Nani Pindi Gheb D F Kajran Zarah Sharan Spinwam Shah a Karez-e Dasht Pur Chaman Qarabagh Nila sh Manghal Qala Jamal Baghran J a Dhulian Mirpur t- Zarmardan 4182 Yakhdan Bannu Kalabagh e h Uruzgan Miran Shah
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