White Paper

Empowering Women in Tech

July 2020 2 Empowering Women in Tech focusing on Artificial Intelligence.focusing onArtificial comparing EU approaches the US and the in different topics present of NGI. The is document we ofthisproject, are regularly framework In the several publishing at aiming articles short US EUand inboththe benefits regions. gain socio-economic aimistoThe booststrategic research, policy and industrial compliances partnerships inorder to topics inthree focus areas: Science Technology, and Innovation Entrepreneurship and Policy. and anEC-fundedThink NEXUS, aimsatreinforcing project, EU-UScollaboration onNGI-related Jose Gonzalez, CEO @AUSTRALO; Coordinator @Think NEXUS-Innovation &Entrepreneurship Iwa Stefanik, Project @F6S Manager Network Limited; Coordinator @H2020 NGIExplorers Innovation Hub(Columbia University) Florence D. Hudson, Founder CEO and @FDHint; Executive Director BigData @Northeast Coutinho,Daniela B. Project @SPI; Manager JoseGonzalez, CEO @AUSTRALO Authors: Empowering Women in Tech 3

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THI NEX 4 Empowering Women in Tech balance wage and gender the gap, fieldbecame the extremely maledominated. technologyThe field shifted due and to emerging cultural stereotypes lack and of attempts to However, computer 1980s,the inthe revolution brought software the engineering back to men. by 1984itaccounted Europe and for 37% (nearly U.S. inthe twice ofwhatitistoday). 1970s,the numberofwomen the majoring incomputer science degrees steadily increased and choice for women, which represented to start the first the bigincrease of in women tech. Over Cosmopolitan computer advertising anarticle published magazine science asanexciting career backgroundmindless work), were whilemen specialisedinhardware engineering. In1967, the growth 1960s many 1950sand inthe phaseand women worked software onbuilding (seenas After WWII, Science, the Technology, (STEM) Engineering Mathematics and field experienced a – modern computer’s prototype. which consisted development ofthe ofanelectronic numerical integrator computer and (ENIAC) of weapons. Towards ofWWII, end the a group of women was working for a top-secret project, of women were hired to by military the solve complex improve calculationsand accuracy the complier programme which paved way the for modern coding During language. WWII, hundreds War Two (WWII), Grace when Hopper, professor amathematics navy and officer, created afirst initiationofwomenThe intechnology computer and science canbetracked back to World sector ofNGI. United the and States, relying oncontributions female digitalleaders exclusively inthe from This white paper reviews compares and state the ofdigitalempowerment for women inEurope sustainability,and Europe mustundertake commitment the to empower women intech. To become a trusted digital leader rooted in values fairness, of openness, diversity, democracy literacyand ofwomen to succeed inanincreasingly fast-changing digitalisedand labourmarket. Nextthe Generation Internet, thatrequires reinforcing and balancing digitalcompetences the four streams such shaping inequality Gender agenda. ofaction represents aclear challenge for President von derLeyen’s initiatives-, flagship must beseenasatransverse priorityacross the 1 The EUperspective Europeanof the Commission initsDigitalStrategy for period the 2020-2025 from women’s skills and competences”.from benefit vision the Such statement, extracted “More women musthave canand re-warding careers intech, European and tech to needs Foreword europes-digital-future-feb2020_en_4.pdf Europe’sShaping digitalfuture”. European Commission, 2020: https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/communication-shaping- 1 -which of isone Empowering Women in Tech 5 . And 3 . 2 “Women in Tech by Country”. European Women in Tech, 2019: https://www.europeanwomenintech.com/blog/women-in-tech-by-country https://www.europeanwomenintech.com/blog/women-in-tech-by-country 2019: in Tech, Women European Country”. by in Tech “Women 2 : https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/EDN-20200210-2 2018 Eurostat, and technology”. in science 3 “Women There are over 15 million scientists and engineers in the European Union (EU) Union 15 million scientists and engineers in the European over are There Women in technology science in the EU and Women Today, the number of female computer science majors holds steadily at around 17%, at around and only holds steadily majors science computer the of female number Today, the tech leaving are Women worldwide. women by occupied jobs are of all STEM about a quarter of them in science, a visible underrepresentation is as men andthere the rate twice at world and engineering technology, Pop culture portrayed nerds and computer geniuses solely as men while women appeared in appeared as men geniuses solely while women and computer nerds portrayed culture Pop of Jobs became icons Steve or Bill Gates Men like models and ‘perfectmedia as product wives’. lacking. was science and computer industry;the expanding tech in while the image of women The European Commission (EC) and other European organisations increasingly recognise and recognise increasingly organisations and other European (EC) Commission TheEuropean of long established and new plenty are There gender gap in technology. highlight the existing to invite, and the imbalance, reduce to and policies designed campaigns specifically regulations, resources and more More and science. technology in and support of women encourage, the role and careers STEM pursue to of girls the interest increase employment, fair promote to offered are 2019). Commission, (European and discrimination the unfairness tackle to This insufficient number of women in STEM fields has complex, multi-aspect explanations. explanations. multi-aspect complex, has fields STEM women in of number This insufficient judgement, salary male favouritism, of discrimination, suggest that the studies reality Many the and hindering and is prevalent labels the fight stereotype or the need to disadvantages or inadequate and feel discouraged are they say often Women in tech. of women expansion world’. the not fitting are they ‘men’s misjudged – told Eastern European countries such as Lithuania (57%), Latvia (52%) and Bulgaria (52%) are leading leading are (52%) and Bulgaria (52%) Latvia as Lithuania (57%), such countries European Eastern than females more even having STEM; in employed the women of number regarding countries 1). These statistics are (Figure and research) science (e.g. in certain sectors males employed – advances its technological for – the country with Japan known as in comparison noticeable is less than half of the which women, are and designers coders of all software only 13% where datasets, in Finland, the available to According (32%)2. workers female ICT number of Bulgaria’s women. are employees and science Hungary only 1 in 3 technology and Germany Luxembourg, in the EU, market as specialists in the ICT who work of women the distribution to When it comes in the EU workforce only about 16.7% of the ICT represent Women lower. even the statistics are 2018). (EDJNet, while nowadays more and more women enter STEM fields and the ICT (Information and (Information fields and the ICT STEM enter women and more more while nowadays technology-related is booming, men still fill most of the market Technology) Communications in the EU accounted and science in engineering In 2018, the proportionjobs in the of women EU. 2018). (Eurostat, 41% for 6 Empowering Women in Tech not representednot inSTEM majors. two to Even one. there though are more female studentsentering educationoverall, higher itis computing, engineering, manufacturing, construction, and outnumber female graduates almost Eurostat, malesgraduating inscience, according In addition, mathematics, to datafrom Co-operation Development and (OECD). Women inTech Index, which analysed 41 countries Organisation the EUand inthe for Economic disparity significant gender the In 2018, inthe technology sector was also confirmedthe by 1 provides examples initiatives). ofthese students to choose technology tablebelow The etc. provides examples initiatives of these (Table advocate gapsinSTEM, for aimto and closing salary and gender the encourage more female regulations to balance inequality the technology inthe science and market. entities These non-governmental EUand The organisations continue to create platforms, campaigns, and Initiatives, policies, andorganisations supportingEuropean women intech European Tech”, indicates factors further additional contributing to following the findings: occurs ICT inthe specialistpositions.Thisstudy, together Atomico withthe State of studyon“The in terms ofwomen’s digitaleconomy, inthe participation confirms largest thatthe gap gender EC’sThe study: • • • • • in DigitalScoreboards, 2019; State ofEuropean Tech, 2018). 93% capitalinvested ofthe intech companies went to all-malefounding teams (Women oftechonly 1in5participants Meet-ups were women; female experienced halfofthe almost participants discrimination tech inthe sector; women ICT inthe earn onaverage 19%lessthanmen; only 34% ofSTEM graduates are women; Figure 1.Proportion offemale EU(Source: engineers inthe scientistsand Eurostat) Women in Digital Scoreboard, which EU countries’assessed the performance Empowering Women in Tech 7 Goals and mission Goals supporting the women in tech in the EU. in the EU. supporting tech in the women Campaign launched by the EC to raise awareness about online aggression aimed at women in aimed at women about online aggression awareness raise to the EC by launched Campaign bullying. cyber of the problem resolve to and good practices respect promote and to tech studies and careers related in tech higher participation and women promoting girls of Platform fields, and providing in STEM supporting diversity gender stereotypes, Tackling the EU. across etc. engineering in ICT, interested and women girls for resources signed the plus Norway representatives andMember States’ EU ministers Twenty-seven the Raising 2019. on 9 April in Digital at Digital Day on Women of commitment Declaration in the digital economy. under-representation of women’s political priority the gender gap and aiming providing at closing CEOs ICT signed online by The declaration culture. work and gender-balanced an inclusive panels. tech of scientific and the composition to awareness bring to Campaign and evidence and providing supporting participation higherPlatform in technology female and included, recognised, are in tech women when more of the boost of the economy estimates supported. the International by and implemented suggested in ICT of Girls day The international careers. STEM choose to girls and encourage empower Union to Telecommunication by and owned engineered and innovations successes celebrating The biggest EU conference endorsement, knowledge, from with tools, women Supplying women industry. the tech across opportunities. and networking opportunities women for and networking career resources, up-to-date information, Providing and ICT. businesses and start-ups, mostly in tech who own entrepreneurs and expertise in women high-level representing The than 130 organisations partnership of more fromworking development sectors business, academia, andtechnology non-profit government, in specific. and ICT in technology and women the number of girls increase to together an and brought developed who have entrepreneurs women recognises This prize the market. to outstanding innovation An overview of example policies, campaigns, and initiatives and initiatives campaigns, policies, of example 1. An overview Table Campaign Initiative / Policy / / Policy Initiative #DigitalRespect4Her European Network for Women in Women for Network European Digital of Declaration Member States’ in digital on women commitment on an inclusive Declaration culture company Panel No No Women in Digital Women Day in ICT Girls Tech in Women European for Gateway European WEGate: Entrepreneurship Women’s in Women for Centre European Technology Innovators Women for EU Prize The aspiration to have the digital society be fully inclusive, fair and accessible for all is equally for and accessible fair be fully inclusive, the digital society have to The aspiration develop to of a country’s human resources leverage the U.S. better for This will allow appropriate and opportunities, the challenges address and to multipleperspectives bringing the future, made have the population. While we across and interest capabilities STEM latent harnessing do. to is more there progress, ”, the EC states that “digital society should be fully inclusive, should be fully inclusive, society that “digital states the EC ”, Digital Future In “Shaping Europe’s is that “more Thus, one goals of the can and EC’s must women all”. for and accessible fair benefit needs to and skills tech women’s and European from in tech, careers rewarding have to women and just and this sense “the In encourage must be fair transition digital competences”. part”. fully take The U.S. perspective The U.S. 8 Empowering Women in Tech overall employees time 5% and offulltime population,butonly7% ofpart inSTEM. U.S. representation Americans represented population.Similarly, in the 14% Blacks African and ofthe STEM time population,butjust 8%of total employees, part and offulltime U.S. overall halfoftheir in STEM, approximately census double their population percentage. Hispanics represented 18% population butrepresented 13% employees offulltime employees time inSTEM, 10%ofpart and in STEM, 73% and STEM time employees. ofpart Meanwhile, Asians were 5.4% total ofthe U.S. 6 “ACS Demographic Estimates”. Housing and Census U.S. Bureau, 2018: https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?d=ACS%205-Year%20 5 “NationalSurvey ofCollege Graduates”. NationalScience Foundation, NationalCenter for Science Engineering and Statistics,2017. 4 White represented individuals total 73% almost population U.S. ofthe rose, to ahistorical highof34% in1990, onlyto decline steadily to 25% in2018 force in computer occupations. Women asapercent labourforce ofthe incomputer occupations Figure 1show thatwomen were 38% labourforce total ofthe U.S. in1970, yet only15% labour ofthe Women have beenaminority intech forever. statisticsin ofLabor U.S. inthe Department U.S. The STEM employment by ethnicity race and retainand women inSTEM professions. figures,in these we have goodprogress. made theremoreYet, is opportunity to better engage labour force by historic Whilethe 2016. underrepresentation ofwomen inSTEM fieldsisapparent Overall, women represented 46% and population in total20186, 51% of the total of the U.S. U.S. force in 1970 rose and to 16% in2018. fieldof engineering asanother technology, women represented engineering3% ofthe labour Estimates%20Data%20Profiles&table=DP05&tid=ACSDP5Y2018.DP05 Related detailed data:WMPD table9-11: https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf19304/digest/employment “Women Force”. Labor inthe ofLabor, 2018: Department www.dol.gov/agencies/wb/data/facts-over-time/women-in-the-labor-force U.S. Figure Women 2. %ofSTEM workers (Source Census U.S. Bureau) 5 inFigure 2shows minority the perspective in2017. 6 ,67% employees offulltime 4 .Considering Empowering Women in Tech 9 (Source: National Science Foundation) National Science (Source: STEM Employment by ethnicity, race race ethnicity, by Employment 3. STEM Figure . 8 . In September 2014 Megan Smith was appointed the U.S. Chief Technology Officer by Officer the U.S. appointed Technology Chief was Smith Megan 2014 September In . 7 “Women In Tech: Inconvenient Truths And Changing Perspectives”. Forbes, 2019: https://www.forbes.com/sites/julianvigo/2019/02/23/ 2019: Forbes, And Changing Perspectives”. Truths Inconvenient In Tech: “Women women-in-tech/#644af5bf45d7 President Barack Obama Barack President 7 2014, Obama, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/author/megan-smith Barack House President 8 The White There has been good progress this century in increasing visibility of women in tech leadership. leadership. in tech of women visibility this century in increasing has been good progress There IBM of and CEO President being named Chairman, Rometty Ginny include examples Recent 2012 in As we look to increase the number of minorities working in technology fields, to be partto be of the fields, in technology working the of minorities number increase look to we As as such technologies the use of advanced and expanding innovations new developing teams of Things, distributed the Internet big data and analytics,artificial learning, machine intelligence, enter to and of colour people women need more we and cybersecurity, digital ledger technology, identify challenges to of thought and experience need diversity We in the workforce. and remain in capabilities our advance opportunities thesolutions, and new to and develop address, to and society. technology 10 Empowering Women in Tech stars” national hero apowerful and role inspired She model. generations ofyoung girls to reach for the you. As President Barack Obama remarked after SallyRide’s was of61,“Sally age passing atthe a dreams exciting inthese models deliver socan fields.Role -IfIcandoit, message asubliminal inspirational women, we increase motivation the ofyoung girls women and to pursue their industry, media, the When government increase academia and awareness ofsuccessful many years asthey were trulyhiddenfigures. shocked in2016 to learn story ofthe brilliant ofthese women. Sadly, story their was told not for contributor the to strategyand thispaper Florence for mainframe, the DiStefano Hudson12 was Havingorbit Earth. worked the atNASAin1979, later and asIBMVice President ofmarketing before hisflightaboard Friendship mission onwhich 7–the first the Americanhe became to Katherine Johnsonpersonally recheck by calculationsmade the new the electronic computers Even after electronic NASAbeganusing computers, Astronaut JohnGlennrequested that 10 “Sally Ride,first US 10 “Sally woman inspace, diesat61”. Life,Yahoo 2012: https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/sally-ride-first-us-woman- Professional (SHPE) Engineers are afew examples. in Computing Society NationalSociety the , the (NSBE),and ofHispanic ofBlackEngineers such Society asthe ofWomen (SWE) Engineers Grace, the HopperCelebration ofWomen connections to role mentors, and models asenseof“belonging”. nurturing and Organisations womenOrganisations minorities and supporting intech have beengrowing, increasing paper, was she anumberofwhom fortunate to have asshown met inFigure 3. 9 Shepard JohnGlennin1962 in1961and responsible for coding and successful mathematics the the behind launch ofastronauts Alan and “computers”computersand were atNASA, programmed who first the mainframe KatherineNASA -- Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan Jackson Mary and were - who mathematicians the movie the In 2016, Hidden Figures women told at true story the of three brilliant African-American c2003; with Astronaut Bonnie Dunbar Kristen and Danielle Hudsonin2005; Jemison,First with Mae African Hudson withAstronaut Alan Bean 1976; withSallyRide,First American female astronaut c1977 ataSociety of Women Engineers (SWE) conference; Florence’s withSallyRideand daughter Kristen DanielleHudson KIVPuLON6DKYb-3EETZsX_e-neruyYjfET43PloaVJZ44tbovWSJ-k6icFiWfGckAu-eHkBu sig=AQAAAGzxQRC19owXmJBDsByuB2GD7gA4tr12quy6SELz0Yj9QxsGkvqtihPYyTmXGz_mBq5_cjovatWuDxtCBWT_H4f6KC53XlcWuD6- space-dies-61-214631931.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_ com/2015/08/31/her-story-florence-distefano-hudson-2/ receives-presidential-medal-of-freedom “Katherine JohnsonReceives Presidential MedalofFreedom”. 2015: www.nasa.gov/image-feature/langley/katherine-johnson- NASA, Meeting role Meeting Figure inspires models 4. women minorities and intech (From Left: Florence DiStefano 10 . Sally Ride along with other astronauts withother . SallyRidealong were contributor role for models U.S. the for this 13 “Her-story, Florence DiStefano Hudson”. BridgeBizSTEM, 2015: https://bridgebizstem.wordpress. American female astronaut in2017). 9 . Empowering Women in Tech 11 . There is an . There 7 . The downstream . The downstream 11 To improve STEM education and support for women and minorities, in 2017 the U.S. in 2017 and minorities, education and support National women STEM for improve To the Nation of across on Inclusion focused program a new launched Foundation Science (NSF and Science in Engineering Discoverers of Underrepresented of Learners Communities and engineering U.S. in science enhance effort leadership to It is a comprehensive INCLUDES). technology, science, developing and effectively seeking proactively by and innovation discovery talent from and mathematicsengineering (STEM) in our society. and groups all sectors effect of cultural and childcare impacts perhaps speak to why fewer women than men work full than men work women fewer why to speak impactsperhaps andchildcare cultural of effect above. fields as described and engineering time in the science Cultural expectations have strong effects on women not working in technical fields, perhaps perhaps fields, in technical not working on women effects strong have expectations Cultural a are women Interestingly, childcare. and accessible affordable of than the lack stronger much students in tech college than men of minority slightly higher percentage expectation, and therefore a need, for women to take care of the family. The lack of affordable of affordable The lack the of family. care take to women a need, for and therefore expectation, is one of the challenges. childcare When asked why they were working part time rather than full time, 45% of the women engineers engineers theof women part time,full than 45% time rather working were they why Whenasked of the19% only while responsibilities, family to due parttimewas it said andworking scientists women not working, for at reasons Looking as the reason. responsibilities family men cited 6%) versus (27% responsibilities report family than men to likely more much are First, we need to encourage and support more women and minorities to enter technical fields. fields. technical enter to and minorities and support women encourage more need to we First, NSBE, support as SWE, and SHPE such that, organisations but in engineering The diversity maintain to be inclusive need to education and work in the both for institutions the culture to we have fields, technical enter them to and encourage educate we participation. once Second, U.S.challenge. In the workforce, and an operational in the This is a cultural, field. help them stay (12.8 and engineering, in science time full in 2017 million employed were men than women more part employed menthan were women many as and twice about women) million 10.1 menversus 1.5 million men). versus time (2.9 million women Diversity in engineering and tech organisations have strong and growing junior programmes to to junior programmes and growing strong have organisations and tech in engineering Diversity and SWEnext paths. career technical and engineers enter become of all ages students to inspire and tech. of engineering the joy explore and ages students of all to children NSBEjr encourage But there in tech. and minorities of women power the staying helping increase These efforts are do. to is more SWE has grown from has grown and engineers scientists in SWE of 50 women group the of founding a gathering 14,000 participants with 14,000 in 2019 in participants. NSBE had over conference a global 1950 to 25,000 attracted Computing in Women of Celebration Hopper The Grace conference. their2019 should going virtual. are We some of these conferences era, In the COVID-19 in 2019. attendees virtually participate and be to minorities more even and attract reach opportunitythis to take inspired. 12 Empowering Women in Tech 12 “ListofNSFDirectors”. NationalScience Foundation: https://www.nsf.gov/od/nsf-director-list/nsf-directors.jsp 11 communicate withfemale colleagues to need once beended for and all. stereotypes about ICT to belonging inability and men levels of higher ICT of the world to simply more technological visibleinthe innovations general to the needs and message change. The women involved EU techin the industry. Young women to need be encouraged, supported and There to isalotthatneeds levels onmultiple bedone to bring real outthe value ofhaving more toadded global the GDPby 2025 by advancing women’s equality (McKinsey, 2018). tech sector (EurActiv, 2016). Ontop itissuggested ofthat, thataround 10trillion euros could be European GDPcould beboosted by about9billioneuros ayear ifmore women worked inthe Tobalance opportunities. the emphasisesuch even need itisestimated further, thatthe At least bewomen should halfofthem –to close gap, gender the tackle discrimination and (European Commission, 2004). Thus, Europeas a whole. more needs technicians scientists, specialists, and STEM in the field consensus - reflected in many attempts initiatives and across the EU and the technology industry it is when still a significant disproportion comes to the technology science and There field. is a skilled, highlyeducated anequalgroup and inmany sectors oflife labourmarkets, and there overallThe picture ofwomen intech inEurope ideal. isnot Whilenowadays women remain a Discussion requires including allAmericans inthateffort,” asshown inFigure 4 future ofscience reaching –and prosperity ourfullpotential relies onadvancing frontiers the Astrophysicist Dr. Córdova, France A. announced NSFINCLUDES in2017, “Ournation’s stating March Director 2014The through March NationalScience ofthe Foundation 2020, from broadening programs participation to reach underserved populationsnationwide. communication cooperation, and NSFINCLUDES aimsto scaleupwhatworks buildonand in NSF INCLUDES 10“BigIdeas” ofthe isone for Future NSFInvestment. Byfacilitating partnerships, “Undergraduate enrollment”. NationalScience Foundation: https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf19304/digest/enrollment Figure 4. Dr.Figure Córdova France 4. A. announced NSFINCLUDES the Program in2017 (Source: NationalScience Foundation) 12 , 24 . Empowering Women in Tech 13 Collaborative efforts between the U.S. and EU to increase programs that fund women in Next in Next that fund women programs the U.S. increase efforts and EU to between Collaborative industry, partnerships of government, Public private difference. a can make Internet Generation programme , the EU fellowship as NGI Explorers –such programmes profit academia, and not for with U.S. partners–, in tech and thrive learn grow, to and innovators support researchers to and in tech support women of society’s for the awareness increase to the potential have can transform we Together, in these their fields. goals helping them achieve entrepreneurship, no generations of new the competitiveness reinforcing the inequalities of the digital economy, the gender. matter The EU and the U.S. have the opportunity for mutually benefitting mutually benefitting Thethe EU and opportunity the U.S. for women in have in an increase from of Diversity forward. and discovery science propels and tech in science Their collaboration tech. diverse and more a larger across applicability with practical innovations thought will yield more and available educated in the number of tech An increase population and set of challenges. the technical leverage quickly and more and will help genders us better individuals of all races of Things, Big Data analytics, Data the Internet including today, our world changing innovations computing. (ML) and quantum Learning (AI), Machine ArtificialScience, Intelligence Opportunities With better awareness of the issues, more aggressive and efficient policy making, understanding making, and policy efficient aggressive theof issues, more awareness better With dialogue, and shifting the ‘male-nerd’ more in the tech paradigm factors, of the underlying fresh - the times of the prosperous, women for welcoming and more be safer to environment closer are women, more and by led supported supplied, will be which Europe tech andthriving think. than we The discrimination and bullying must be removed together with other social and psychological with other social and psychological together and bullying must be removed The discrimination from of values women Reorganisation still stop which in tech. obstacles in their success believing styles, management and reward procedures, recruitment and assessment of human potential, the gender gap and the seeing call of closing finally to beliefs must all respond and deeply rooted and science. in the technology leading women While the rate of females graduating in STEM subjects has been slowly increasing, which is great is great which increasing, subjects has been slowly in STEM graduating of females While the rate has programmes and science the that as observe number of tech see – it is not enough; we to overall to has changed little that too meaning so has the of male graduates number increased 2019). Network, Tech students (Women STEM of female representation support and level, legislation fields need more the on policy STEM who enter Thewomen political and business increased the stereotypes, change to and presence media interest more opportunities stimulating environments. and more leadership Women should not only be encouraged and rewarded on the same level as their male colleagues, their as colleagues, male on the same level and rewarded should not only be encouraged Women The the industry. to and booster and as an advantage seen praised, involved, actively but also classes, STEM for acquisition female better to attention more should pay also systems education and degrees. majors, thinknexus.ngi.eu @ThinkNEXUS_NGI

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 825189. This publication reflects only the author’s view and the Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains