DOCSLIB.ORG

Costs and Socio-Economic Benefits Associated with the Natura 2000 Network

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Costs and Socio-Economic Benefits Associated with the Natura 2000 Network Costs and Socio-Economic Benefits associated with the Natura 2000 Network Page left blank intentionally Costs and Socio-Economic Benefits associated with the Natura 2000 Network Output of the EC project PREPARATORY ACTIONS FOR NATURA 2000 Lot 1: The Economic and Social Benefits associated with the Natura 2000 Network Contract No.: ENV.B.2/SER/2008/0038 Revised final version: 06 October 2010 First final version: 13 August 2010 Sonja Gantioler, Samuela Bassi, Marianne Kettunen, Andrew McConville, Patrick ten Brink (IEEP) Matt Rayment (GHK) Ruta Landgrebe, Holger Gerdes (Ecologic) Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) 15 Queen Anne’s Gate Quai au Foin, 55 London, SWIH 9BU 1000 Brussels United Kingdom Belgium In cooperation with 67 Clerkenwell Road, London EC1R 5BL, United Kingdom Ecologic Institute Pfalzburger Strasse 43/44 10717 Berlin Germany Recommended citation: Gantioler S., Rayment M., Bassi S., Kettunen M., McConville A., Landgrebe R., Gerdes H., ten Brink P. Costs and Socio-Economic Benefits associated with the Natura 2000 Network. Final report to the European Commission, DG Environment on Contract ENV.B.2/SER/2008/0038. Institute for European Environmental Policy / GHK / Ecologic, Brussels 2010 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper draws on the expertise and contributions of a number of people. We would like to thank the following: Ctibor Kocman (EC), Micheal O’Briain (EC), Katie McCoy (IEEP), Henry Eden Jones (IEEP), Andra Ioana Milcu (IEEP), Odette Carter (IEEP), Marcelline Bon- neau (GHK), Steph Charalambous (GHK), Gabriel Pierard (GHK), Madeleine Vazquez (GHK), Colette deRoo (Ecologic), Sophie Herbert (Ecologic), Ana Frelih-Larsen (Ecologic), Sandra Naumann (Ecologic) We would also like to thank all the ministry representatives who engaged in this process and offered their time and insights from across the Member States of the EU, as well as all the stakeholder representatives and other experts for their contributions. The contents and views contained in this report are those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent those of the European Commission. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................................................................................1 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................1 2 COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH NATURA 2000 ....................................................6 2.1 Updating/refining cost estimates: the cost questionnaire ..............................7 2.1.1 The cost typology used ................................................................................7 2.1.2 Methodology used by the team ....................................................................9 2.1.3 Overview of Member States cost estimates ...............................................11 2.1.4 Discussion of cost estimates ......................................................................14 2.1.5 Comparison of different cost estimates across Member States..................17 2.1.6 Estimated costs for EU-27 .........................................................................25 2.1.7 Comparison of costs across land use types ................................................26 2.1.8 Comparison with other cost estimates .......................................................28 2.1.9 Trends and expected future costs ...............................................................30 2.1.10 Funding and cost coverage .........................................................................31 2.2 Methodology to update information on costs ...............................................35 2.2.1 The difficulty to pin down costs specific to Natura 2000 ..........................35 2.2.2 The assessment of specific cost typologies ................................................38 2.2.3 Categorisation - land use versus habitat types ...........................................41 2.2.4 Assumptions and challenges to assess future costs ....................................42 2.2.5 Insights on costs grossing up and scaling up .............................................44 2.2.6 Key drivers of costs and implications for future updates ..........................45 2.2.7 Data collection and gaps ............................................................................47 2.2.8 Lessons learned from other cost methodologies ........................................47 2.2.9 Summary of lessons learned and recommendations by Member States on improving cost data collection ..................................................................................53 3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENEFITS ASSOCIATED WITH NATURA 2000 .....56 3.1 Synthesising existing information on Natura 2000 benefits ........................57 3.1.1 Overall assessment .....................................................................................57 3.1.2 Summary of the existing quantitative and monetary assessments .............59 3.1.3 Level of stakeholder appreciation and awareness in Member States ........66 3.2 Developing a common methodology for Natura 2000 ..................................68 3.2.1 Classifying ecosystem services and socio-economic benefits ...................69 3.2.2 Defining a standard valuation framework for assessing benefits ..............77 3.2.3 Define policy scenarios and baselines .......................................................87 3.2.4 Grossing and scaling up from site ..............................................................89 3.2.5 Identifying beneficiaries ............................................................................93 4 COMPARING COSTS AND BENEFITS ...........................................................95 4.1 Seeing costs and benefits in perspective ........................................................95 4.2 Way forward on comparing costs and benefits ............................................97 5 HOW TO INCREASE AWARENESS OF THE NET BENEFITS OF NATURA 2000 .....................................................................................................100 5.1 Current awareness of the benefits of the network in the EU ....................100 5.1.1 Current awareness in the general public and policy makers ....................100 5.1.2 Factors influencing public opinion towards Natura 2000 ........................101 5.2 Initiatives and approaches taken to promote awareness of the network .103 5.2.1 Government initiatives to improve awareness of Natura 2000 benefits ..103 5.2.2 NGO initiatives to increase awareness of benefits ..................................105 5.3 Key factors for successful communication to promote the socio-economic benefits of Natura 2000 ............................................................................................106 5.3.1 Early engagement and involvement into the project ................................106 5.3.2 Consistent and appropriate implementation .............................................107 5.3.3 Prompt and appropriate payments ...........................................................107 5.3.4 Communicating the link between conservation measures and related socio- economic benefits ...................................................................................................107 5.3.5 Delivering local successes .......................................................................108 5.3.6 Supporting education programmes and developing skills .......................109 5.3.7 Appropriate scale for communication ......................................................109 5.3.8 Engaging other government departments ................................................110 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................111 REFERENCES .........................................................................................................119 ANNEX I .................................................................................................................. - 1 - ANNEX II ................................................................................................................. - 2 - ANNEX III ............................................................................................................. - 19 - ABBREVIATIONS CAP EU Common Agricultural Policy CORINE Coordination of Information on the Environment DEFRA Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (UK) EAFRD European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development EC European Commission EEA European Environment Agency ESS Ecosystem Services ETS Emission Trading Scheme EU European Union FCS Favourable Conservation Status FTE Full-time Equivalent GDP Gross Domestic Product GIS Geographical Information System GNP Gross National Product LIFE European Environment Fund MA Millennium Ecosystem Assessment MS Member State NPV Net present value PES Payments for Environmental Services PPP Purchasing Power Parity SAC Special Area of Conservation SCI Site of Community Importance SPA Special Protection Area SSSI Site of Special Scientific Interest (UK) TEV Total Economic Value TSV Total System Value WTA Willingness to Accept WTP Willingness to Pay Page left blank intentionally EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Key Messages Financial resources required to implement Natura 2000 • Building on the results of the Member States questionnaire, the annual costs of im- plementing the Natura 2000 network were estimated as €5.8 billion per year for the EU-27 . • This value should be seen as an underestimate as most countries focused on historic and/or budgeted expenditures (e.g. Belgium), and fewer provided
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter 6 International Police Cooperation
    Esporte e Sociedade ano 7, n 19, março2012 International police co-operation Adang International police co-operation around football matches: Euro 2000 case study∗ Otto M.J. Adang Police Academy of the Netherlands Abstract For the European football championships (Euro 2000) held in Belgium and the Netherlands in 2000, authorities embarked on a strategy that involved maximal use of international police co-operation. To evaluate the effort, feedback from foreign police officers deployed during Euro 2000 was explicitly sought. In each host city a team of observers carried out systematic observations and an international monitoring team independently made their own observations. In this paper Euro 2000 is used as a case study to investigate the nature of the international police cooperation in practice and its contribution to the management of public order. Keywords: Euro-2000; International police cooperation; public order management; football hooliganism Introduction According to Benyon (1992) there are many problems facing police forces of the European Union in establishing effective procedures for cooperation because of the large numbers of different law enforcement agencies, the rivalries and jealousies between and within agencies and the different approaches and perceptions of what policing is and how a policing agency should function. In addition, the existence of diverse cultures and traditions in each country and incompatible police communications and procedures added to quite different legal systems and organisational structures further complicate cooperation. Ingleton (1994) points to the fact that, within the European Union there are many official languages (nine in 1994, twenty-three in 2011) and that most police officers only speak their native tongue.
    [Show full text]
  • Performing Failure in Conservation Policy. the Implementation of European Union Directives in the Netherlands
    Performing failure in conservation policy. The implementation of European Union directives in the Netherlands. Raoul Beunen1, Kristof Van Assche and Martijn Duineveld This is a revised personal version of the article published in Land Use Policy: Beunen, R., K. Van Assche, M. Duineveld, 2013. Performing failure in conservation policy. The implementation of European Union directives in the Netherlands. Land Use Policy 31 (1): 280-288: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.07.009 1Corresponding author. Dr. ir. Raoul Beunen is Assistant Professor at the Land Use Planning Group at Wageningen University. P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands, tel. +31 317 482 697 [email protected] Dr. ir. Kristof Van Assche, is Associate Professor at the Community Studies Department at Minnesota State Universities. Stewart Hall 337, 720 4th Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN 56301-4498, [email protected] Dr. ir. Martijn Duineveld is Assistant Professor at the Cultural Geography Group at Wageningen University. P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands [email protected] Abstract. In this article we present the results of a study towards the reality effects of discourses affecting the implementation of Natura 2000 in the Netherlands. The Dutch case shows how fast deinstitutionalization of conservation policies can take place. Traditions of conservation are disrupted as an unintended consequence of international policy. This study shows that conservationists and others involved in nature conservation should pay more attention to the ways in which conservation needs and practices are represented and institutionalized, how these representations become embedded in more general narratives and how the new institutions are bound to be gamed and re-narrated themselves.
    [Show full text]
  • The Path of Somali Refugees Into Exile Exile Into Refugees Somali of Path the Joëlle Moret, Simone Baglioni, Denise Efionayi-Mäder
    The Path of Somalis have been leaving their country for the last fifteen years, fleeing civil war, difficult economic conditions, drought and famine, and now constitute one of the largest diasporas in the world. Somali Refugees into Exile A Comparative Analysis of Secondary Movements Organized in the framework of collaboration between UNHCR and and Policy Responses different countries, this research focuses on the secondary movements of Somali refugees. It was carried out as a multi-sited project in the following countries: Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, the Netherlands, Efionayi-Mäder Denise Baglioni, Simone Moret, Joëlle South Africa, Switzerland and Yemen. The report provides a detailed insight into the movements of Somali refugees that is, their trajectories, the different stages in their migra- tion history and their underlying motivations. It also gives a compara- tive overview of different protection regimes and practices. Authors: Joëlle Moret is a social anthropologist and scientific collaborator at the SFM. Simone Baglioni is a political scientist and scientific collaborator at the SFM and at the University Bocconi in Italy. Denise Efionayi-Mäder is a sociologist and co-director of the SFM. ISBN-10: 2-940379-00-9 ISBN-13: 978-2-940379-00-2 The Path of Somali Refugees into Exile Exile into Refugees Somali of Path The Joëlle Moret, Simone Baglioni, Denise Efionayi-Mäder � � SFM Studies 46 SFM Studies 46 Studies SFM � SFM Studies 46 Joëlle Moret Simone Baglioni Denise Efionayi-Mäder The Path of Somali Refugees into Exile A Comparative
    [Show full text]
  • Euro 2000 and Public Order Policing: Sports Mega-Event Impacts on the Policing of Public Order
    Euro 2000 and public order policing: Sports mega-event impacts on the policing of public order Anne Meilien Kootstra s1551477 Thesis A.L. van Leeuwen G.M. van Buuren January 11, 2017 Word count: 13.289 Crisis and Security Management Leiden University Acknowledgment The thesis that is in front of you has required a lot of persistence. I would like to thank both my current supervisor, Anouk van Leeuwen as well as my previous supervisor, Richard ‘t Hart, for their extreme and utter patience, advice and confidence. They kept checking in with me and showed great interest and involvement in my development. Furthermore, I would like to thank my entire family. They have been a great help and inspiration and they kept believing in me, even when I sometimes did not believe in myself. I would also like to thank my interviewees. They were willing to spend some of their time and were very enthusiastic in telling me their stories. Last but not least, I am very grateful for the help of my good friend Eva, who pushed me to continue writing and commented on my thesis whenever needed. 2 Table of content ACKNOWLEDGMENT 2 1. INTRODUCTION 4 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 7 2.1. SECURITY LEGACIES 7 2.2. PLANNED AND UNPLANNED LEGACIES 8 2.3 PUBLIC ORDER POLICING 9 2.4 EURO 2000 AND THE PUBLIC ORDER POLICING OF COMMERCIAL FOOTBALL IN THE NETHERLANDS 10 2.5 AIM OF THIS RESEARCH AND RESEARCH QUESTION 13 3. RESEARCH METHODS 14 3.1 RESEARCH STRATEGY 14 3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN 14 3.3 RESEARCH CONTEXT: CASE SELECTION 15 3.4 INSTRUMENTS 15 3.4.1 DESKTOP RESEARCH 16 3.4.2 SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS 17 3.5 DATA ANALYSIS 18 4.
    [Show full text]
  • International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
    UNITED NATIONS CCPR International covenant Distr. on civil and GENERAL political rights CCPR/C/NET/4 30 July 2008 Original: ENGLISH HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES UNDER ARTICLE 40 OF THE COVENANT Fourth periodic report NETHERLANDS∗ ∗∗ [9 May 2007] ∗ In accordance with the information transmitted to States parties regarding the processing of their reports, the present document was not edited before being sent to the United Nations translation services. ∗∗ For the third periodic report submitted by the Government of the Netherlands, see CCPR/C/NET/99/3; for its consideration by the Committee, see CCPR/CO/72/NET. GE.08-43317 (E) 150808 CCPR/C/NET/4 page 2 CONTENTS Paragraphs Page I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 1 - 4 4 II. STRUCTURE OF THE KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS ...... 5 4 III. THE NETHERLANDS (EUROPEAN PART OF THE KINGDOM) ................................................................................ 6 - 344 4 A. Amendments to the Constitution since 2001 .............................. 6 - 14 4 B. Civil and political rights of public servants ................................ 15 - 21 6 C. Performance of the National Ombudsman .................................. 22 - 25 8 D. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ................. 26 - 244 9 Article 1 ...................................................................................... 26 - 27 9 Article 2 .....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Organised Crime Situation Report 2000
    Council of Europe Organised crime situation report 2000 PC-S-CO (2001) 13E (Provisional) Strasbourg, December 2001 Council of Europe - Organ ised Crime situation report 2000 Document prepared by members and scientific experts of the Group of specialists on criminal law and criminological aspects of organised crime (PC-S-CO): Mr. Kauko AROMAA Director, European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, affiliated with the UN (HEUNI), P.O. Box 161, FIN-00131 HELSINKI E-mail: [email protected] Mr. Maximilian EDELBACHER Head, Major Crime Bureau, Rossauer Lände 5, A-1090 VIENNA Tel: 43-1-3134-636002, Fax: 43-1-3134-636008 E-mail: [email protected] Mr. Thierry GODEFROY CESDIP, Immeuble Edison, 43 Boulevard Vauban, F- 78280 GUYANCOURT Tel: 33-134 521712; Fax: 33-134 521717 E-mail: [email protected] Mr. Michael LEVI Professor of Criminology, Cardiff University, Clamorgaan Building, King Edward VII Avenue, GB–CARDIFF CF10 3WT Tel: 44-29-2087 4376, Fax: 44-29-2087 4436 E-mail: [email protected] Mr. Toon VAN DER HEIJDEN Senior Policy Advisor on Drugs and Organised Crime, Criminal Intelligence Division, National Police Agency (KLPD), P.O. Box 3016, NL-2700 KX ZOETERMEER Tel: 31-79345 9312, Fax: 31-79345 9152 E-mail: [email protected] Mr. Tom VANDER BEKEN Professor in Criminal Law, Institute for International Research on Criminal Policy, Ghent University, Universiteitstraat 4, 9000 GENT Tel: +32-9-264.69.39, Fax: 32-9-236.6971 E-mail: [email protected] 2 Council of Europe - Organ ised Crime situation report 2000 Contents
    [Show full text]
  • Engels Jaarverslag 2008
    Dit rapport is een uitgave van het NIVEL. De gegevens mogen worden gebruikt met bronvermelding. Continuous Morbidity Registration at Dutch Sentinel Stations 2008 Mrs. Dr. G.A. Donker U vindt dit rapport en andere publicaties van het NIVEL in PDF-format op: www.nivel.nl ISBN 978-94-6122-0097 http://www.nivel.nl [email protected] Telephone 030 2 729 700 Fax 030 2 729 729 ©2010 NIVEL, PO Box 1568, 3500 BN UTRECHT No part of this report may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written consent of the NIVEL at Utrecht, the Netherlands. The use of figures, and/or text as clarification or support in articles is permitted, provided the source is clearly mentioned. Contents Foreword 5 1 Introduction 7 1.1 International cooperation 9 2 Counselling Committee 11 3 Sentinel station staff seminar in 2008 13 4 Distribution of sentinel stations in the Netherlands 15 4.1 Practices 16 4.2 Practice populations 18 4.3 Scale and continuity of reporting 22 4.4 Surveillance topics and incidental studies 26 4.5 Analyses 27 4.6 Extrapolation of observed frequencies to the Dutch population as a whole 29 4.7 Confidence intervals 30 5 Influenza(-like illness) 33 6 Pneumonia 45 7 Chickenpox 51 8 Whooping cough 58 9 Acute gastro-enteritis 65 10 STD 81 11 Unwanted pregnancy 87 Continuous Morbidity Registration at Dutch Sentinel Stations 2008, NIVEL 2010 3 12 Sexual problems and sexual violence 93 13 End-of–Life research 99 14 (Attempted) suicide 107 15 Diabetes mellitus 115 16 Euthanasia requests 118 17 Palliative
    [Show full text]
  • UNECE Review of the Commitments of OSCE Participating States in The
    UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE UNECE Review of the Commitments of OSCE Participating States in the Economic Dimension Prepared for the The Tenth OSCE Economic Forum 28 – 31 May 2002 Prague, Czech Republic Introduction At the request of the secretariat of the OSCE, the UNECE presents the following paper, which reviews the commitments of OSCE participating states in the economic dimension. In contrast with earlier reviews, and in light of the topic of the 10th OSCE Economic Forum, the OSCE requested the UNECE to give particular focus in its review this year on the implementation of the UNECE’s environmental conventions, which are relevant for conflict prevention. The report is organised as follows: 1. Implementation of commitments by OSCE participating states in the economic dimension 2. Review of the implementation of UNECE environmental conventions It concludes with comments on the nature and role of commitments of OSCE member states in the economic dimension. 1. Implementation of OSCE Commitments in the economic dimension The most substantive and most recent declaration of commitments of OSCE participating states is found in the Bonn document of 1990. This document reflects to some extent the uncertainty of the period but overall makes a strong statement in favour of economic reform and the market economy. Taking the region as a whole, there has been no evidence of a retreat from the commitments made by participating states to these general market economy principles contained in the Bonn declaration of 1990. There are indeed numerous commitments made in the fields of both macroeconomics and microeconomics by OSCE participating states in that document.
    [Show full text]
  • RIVM Rapport 270051011 Dare to Compare! Benchmarking Dutch Health with the European Community Health Indicators (ECHI)
    Dare to Compare! Benchmarking Dutch health with the European Community Health Indicators (ECHI) How does public health in the Netherlands compare to public health in other European Union (EU) countries? Are we among the top five or lagging behind? Does the picture change when focusing on specific subjects? This report compares the Netherlands to EU countries along a set of more than eighty European health indicators on, for example, disease, lifestyle and prevention. This is the first time that the indicators that make up the so-called ECHI (European Community Health Indicator) shortlist are used for benchmarking Dutch public health. This shortlist has been adopted by the EU to assist health policy makers in identifying common challenges, priorities and opportunities, and to learn from other countries’ experiences. The systematic benchmark approach also provides a detailed view on the actual availability, comparability and quality of data sets, both within the Netherlands and throughout the EU. It becomes apparent that EU-funded projects and Eurostat activities increasingly contribute to better data quality and more valid comparisons, but much work is still to be done. Dare to Compare! Given the ambition of the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport to get the Netherlands back into the top five of the healthiest European countries, a benchmark is a good exercise to identify possibilities for improvement and issues that require policy attention. This report was commissioned by the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport. Harbers MM | Van der Wilk EA | Kramers PGN | Kuunders MMAP | Verschuuren M | Eliyahu H | Achterberg PW Dare to Compare! RIVM Benchmarking Dutch health with the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment European Community Health Indicators (ECHI) Centre for Public Health Forecasting PO Box 1 3720 BA Bilthoven The Netherlands www.rivm.nl/ With respect to the front cover: In English the idiom ‘comparing apples and oranges’ is commonly used to indicate that some items have not been validly compared.
    [Show full text]
  • Irregular Migrants in Belgium and the Netherlands
    15 mm back 153 mm 8 14,4 mm 8 front 153 mm 15 mm 15 mm IMISCOE RESEARCH IMISCOE RESEARCH Van Meeteren Van Van Meeteren takes irregular migrants’ aspirations as a starting point of analysis, proposing an empirically grounded theoretical critique of the dominant research practice that focuses on ‘survival strategies’. Drawing on participant observation and more than 200 in-depth interviews, she develops much-needed contextualised insights and sheds new light on this top-of the-agenda subject area. Masja van Meeteren is an assistant professor in the Department of Criminology at Leiden University, the Netherlands. Her research interests include intersections of migration, migration policy, informal social structures, crime and criminalization. She has published in journals such as Current Sociology, Global Networks, International Migration Review and Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. A full overview of her publi- cations is available at www.masjavanmeeteren.nl. Irregular Migrants in Belgium and the Netherlands “In this ground-breaking study, Masja van Meeteren shows how the focus of previous research on structures and control has led to misleading views on Masja van Meeteren irregular migration. She proposes instead a focus on migrants’ aspirations, and her original research shows how this helps to explain the persistence of irregular migration as a global reality.” Irregular Migrants in Belgium — Stephen Castles, University of Sydney 240 mm and the Netherlands “A solid and valuable book, a major addition to the literature of a topic which commands increasing attention in Western societies.” — Joaquín Arango, Complutense University of Madrid “Van Meeteren develops an unusual typology of irregular migrants based Aspirations and Incorporation on their aspirations ..
    [Show full text]
  • The Dutch Pharmaceutical and Food Biotechnology Innovation
    Schoemakerstraat 97 P.O. Box 6030 2600 JA Delft TNO report Nederland STB-04-12 www.tno.nl OECD Case Study on Innovation: T +31 (0)15 269 69 00 F +31 (0)15 269 54 60 The Dutch Pharmaceutical and Food [email protected] Biotechnology Innovation Systems Date April 2004 Author(s) C. Enzing, A. van der Giessen, S. Kern Copy no No. of copies Number of pages 118 Number of appendices All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced and/or published by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means without the previous written consent of TNO. In case this report was drafted on instructions, the rights and obligations of contracting parties are subject to either the Standard Conditions for Research Instructions given to TNO, or the relevant agreement concluded between the contracting parties. Submitting the report for inspection to parties who have a direct interest is permitted. © 2004 TNO TNO report | OECD Case Study on Innovation | 2 / 116 Summary Introduction The Netherlands is a medium-sized European country with a population exceeding 16 million inhabitants in 2002. It has an open economy depending heavily on foreign trade. In 2001, the Dutch gross domestic product (GDP) amounted to 429 billion euros, 71% coming from service activities and 26% from industrial activities. In 2001, the Netherlands showed a positive trade balance with exports equal to 280 billion euros and imports to 257 billion euros. The predominant industrial sectors are food processing, chemicals, petroleum refining, and electrical machinery. The labour force in the Netherlands amounts to 7.2 million people (2000 figures) of which approximately 3% are unemployed.
    [Show full text]
  • Munich: an Attractive Place to Live and Work?
    Munich: An attractive place to live and work? The view of transnational migrants ISBN 978-94-90312-04-6 Printed in the Netherlands by Xerox Service Center, Amsterdam Edition: 2009 Cartography lay-out and cover: Puikang Chan, AMIDSt, University of Amsterdam All publications in this series are published on the ACRE-website http://www.acre.socsci.uva.nl and most are available on paper at: Dr. Olga Gritsai, ACRE project manager University of Amsterdam Amsterdam institute for Metropolitan and International Development Studies (AMIDSt) Department of Geography, Planning and International Development Studies Nieuwe Prinsengracht 130 NL-1018 VZ Amsterdam The Netherlands Tel. +31 20 525 4044 +31 23 528 2955 Fax +31 20 525 4051 E-mail [email protected] Copyright © Amsterdam institute for Metropolitan and International Development Studies (AMIDSt), University of Amsterdam 2009. All rights reserved. No part of this publication can be reproduced in any form, by print or photo print, microfilm or any other means, without written permission from the publisher. Munich: An attractive place to live and work? The view of transnational migrants ACRE report 7.7 Anne von Streit Monika Popp Sabine Hafner Günter Heinritz Manfred Miosga Accommodating Creative Knowledge – Competitiveness of European Metropolitan Regions within the Enlarged Union Amsterdam 2009 AMIDSt, University of Amsterdam ACRE ACRE is an acronym of the international research project ‘Accommodating Creative Knowledge – Competitiveness of European Metropolitan Regions within the Enlarged Union’. The project is funded under the Priority 7 ‘Citizens and Governance in a Knowledge-based Society’ within the Sixth Framework Programme of the European Union (contract no 028270).
    [Show full text]