Arif»I Jficlir

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Arif»I Jficlir THE arif»i Jficlir: A MAGAZINE SPECIALLY DEVOTED TO MISSIONARY TOPICS. TNq.IL] F E B R U A R Y , 1886. - NOTES FROM THE MYSORE DISTRICT MEETING. By t h e R e v . D. A. R e e s . E have often heard the good folk at home fondly recall­ W ing the glories of the old “ coaching days” when journeys were done more leisurely than in these days of the iron horse, and when passengers had more time to observe and enjoy the varied scenes through which they passed than they can now that they are whirled along afc the rate of sixty miles an hour. We confess to feeliDg some sympathy with these old folk as tve steamed into Bangalore Petta station to attend the District Meeting. In those good old days, not so very long ago either, when journeys varying in length from 172 to 42 miles had to be done by bullocks, one felt as he alighted wearied and dusty under the friendly porch in Bangalore that he had accomplished something. There was a spice of danger, and a glorious defiance of all rules of punctuality about the old mode of travelling that you lose entirely as you steam in punctually to a station, and emerge spick and span to shake hands with your waiting host. One feels when riding in a railway train that he has lost the independence of the olden days when his vehicle was his own, and the bullocks his for the time being, and he could start when be liked and stop when he liked. Then again we miss the opportunities we used to have for sympathising with the good brother who had to wait two hours for a pair of bul­ locks, or whose bullocks lay down on the road. We miss too the thrilling recital of a run off the road over a gutter and into the jungle, on the part of the inevitable pair of wild 226 Notes from the Mysore District Meeting. "bullocks, a collision with a saman bandy whose driyer was asleep or an upset down an embankment. The old fashioned bullock coach was a wonderful vehi­ cle. The variety of shape and colour could only be equall­ ed by that of the picturesque costumes of the inmates. The capacity too of an orthodox coach was marvellous to the uninitiated. After a sturdy missionary, his wife, three children, an ayah and a boy bad dismounted, we have seen the old coach disgorge countless articles ranging from a portmanteau to a tea-kettle until the verandah was literally strewed, and then it would be trotted off to the coach-house behind, looking as if nothing had happened. But though the mode of travelling has altered we found the greeting and hospitality of our Bangalore friends had not lost one whit of their ancient warmth. We soon got to work, beginning with the European appointments. The changes for the present year are very simple. Mr. Robinson removes from Gubbi to Chikmagalur, and Mr. Holdsworth is to visit the Gubbi and Kunigal circuits monthly from St. John’s Hill, Bangalore. It has long been a reproach to us that we had no European missionary at Chikmagalur, the head-quarters of the ELadur district. This reproach is now removed, and we trust that Mr. Kobinson will meet with great success. The only other important district unoccupied by a European is Chitaldrug. We fear it will be a long time before we can carry out our plans there. In the meantime we have thrust forth one of our Native ministers and placed him in independent charge. We shall watch the experiment prayerfully and sympathetically, and have every reason to expect that brother Premeka will acquit himself like a man. The accession to the ranks of our ordained ministers of two tried brethren, A. Philip and H. Premaka, is an event full of significance and encouragement. Both are pure Kanarese men. They have served several years as evangelists, and four years on probation as assistant ministers. During this time they have been tested by yearly examinations, and under the scrutiny of friends and foes in various stations they have approved themselves as men of sterling character and Christlike zeal. They were set apart by the imposition of hands at the Canton­ ment chapel on January 11th, after which the Chairman delivered a charge full of valuable counsel. Notes from the Mysore District Meeting. 227 We have discarded the name catechist in favour of evangelist, which is more intelligible, more scriptural and better describes the work done. During the year one of the truest evangelists has died, and another has become a super­ numerary. To fill these two vacancies two young men who have completed three years training in the Theological In­ stitution have become evangelists, and two candidates have been admitted to the Institution. Our arrangements for the training of Native agents are working admirably. We insist on the necessity of both grace and gifts, in those who are brought forward. Each superintendent before proposing a candidate for the Institution must satisfy himself as to the piety, stability of character, and general fitness of the young man. He must have been a local preacher at least nine months before he is proposed. In November he has to take an examination in Scripture, Theology, and General Know­ ledge, and if he obtains the necessary number of marks, he appears at the District Meeting at his own expense to preach a trial sermon, and answer any questions that may be put to him. By the votes of the brethren he is then accepted as a candidate, and goes through a course of careful training for three years in the Institution, having frequent examinations and daily opportunities for preaching. If his conduct during that time be altogether satisfactory, he will be proposed as an evan­ gelist, and sent , forth to one of our stations. Under the name of evangelist he continues, rising from the lower through the middle to the higher grade, a course which usu­ ally takes at least twelve years. Each year he has strict examinations in the subjects prescribed in Scripture, Theo­ logy, Kanarese and General Knowledge, and his promotion will depend, not simply upon his success in examinations, but also upon his general character, ability and fitness for a more responsible position. From these evangelists we select those whom we deem qualified to be assistant minis­ ters, and these after four years probation become Native ministers. It will thus be seen that we jealously guard, not only the door that leads into the Native ministry, but also the way that approaches to it. We feel that the honour of Christ and the interests of His work demand no less. Extension is not only a sign of spiritual life in the church but also an indispensable condition of retaining it. Had we the men and money we would at once occupy new 528 Notes from the Mysore District Meeting. stations in every direction. It is not the want of will or courage, but the want of means that prevents us from going up to possess the whole land for Christ. Every forward step is a matter for rejoicing. For the first time there appear on our minutes the names of Chenraypatam, Sira, Sagar and Honali, and as soon as possible we shall send evangelists Nunjungud and Chamrajnagar, both large and important towns in a part of the province densely popu­ lated and greatly in need of evangelistic work. The annual social gathering came just where this para­ graph does, right in tha midst of our work. It was as usual a time of real enjoyment. After tea we approached the Throne of grace, where confession of unfaithfulness mingled with praise for all the experiences of the past year pleasant and painful, and fervent supplication for a year of blessing ascended. Our worthyChairman then touched in his usual happy style upon the salient features of our social history for the year. For several years we have not been without a happy bride and bridegroom to congratulate, and this year was no excep­ tion. Had the event been more recent our wishes might have been more boisterously expressed, but they could not be more sincere than they are for Mr. and Mrs. Gulliford’s abounding happiness and usefulness. Miss Beauchamp was absent or she would have received a hearty welcome back to the District where she laboured so earnestly and successfully in former years. Miss Parsons arrived with her fresh English bloom on the morning of the day of our gathering, and at once received a warm place in our happy circle. Death had caused one sad vacancy, and no where was it so vividly recalled or so deeply felb as on that evening. Last year in fair health and as happy and pleasant as any of ns, Mrs. Roberts was in our midst. To-day she is among a nobler gathering above. This has taught and is still teaching us its lessons. We are tkankful that Miss Roberts has arrived to take charge of the two motherless children,and to lessen the fearful gap in the desolated home. Esprit de corps is not waning amongst us and we are anxious by keeping touch with all old Mysoreans at home to increase it still more. Every face beamed, and old times were recalled as warm, interesting letters were read from our brethren Symons, Haigh and Eslick, worthy represen­ tatives of the three branches of our work, Tamil, Kan&rese Notes from the Mysore District Meeting.
Recommended publications
  • Gandharan Sculptures in the Peshawar Museum (Life Story of Buddha)
    Gandharan Sculptures in the Peshawar Museum (Life Story of Buddha) Ihsan Ali Muhammad Naeem Qazi Hazara University Mansehra NWFP – Pakistan 2008 Uploaded by [email protected] © Copy Rights reserved in favour of Hazara University, Mansehra, NWFP – Pakistan Editors: Ihsan Ali* Muhammad Naeem Qazi** Price: US $ 20/- Title: Gandharan Sculptures in the Peshawar Museum (Life Story of Buddha) Frontispiece: Buddha Visiting Kashyapa Printed at: Khyber Printers, Small Industrial Estate, Kohat Road, Peshawar – Pakistan. Tel: (++92-91) 2325196 Fax: (++92-91) 5272407 E-mail: [email protected] Correspondence Address: Hazara University, Mansehra, NWFP – Pakistan Website: hu.edu.pk E-mail: [email protected] * Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar, Currently Vice Chancellor, Hazara University, Mansehra, NWFP – Pakistan ** Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan CONTRIBUTORS 1. Prof. Dr. Ihsan Ali, Vice Chancellor Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan 2. Muhammad Naeem Qazi, Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan 3. Ihsanullah Jan, Lecturer, Department of Cultural Heritage & Tourism Management, Hazara University 4. Muhammad Ashfaq, University Museum, Hazara University 5. Syed Ayaz Ali Shah, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan 6. Abdul Hameed Chitrali, Lecturer, Department of Cultural Heritage & Tourism Management, Hazara University 7. Muhammad Imran Khan, Archaeologist, Charsadda, Pakistan 8. Muhammad Haroon, Archaeologist, Mardan, Pakistan III ABBREVIATIONS A.D.F.C. Archaeology Department, Frontier Circle A.S.I. Archaeological Survery of India A.S.I.A.R. Archaeological Survery of India, Annual Report D.G.A. Director General of Archaeology E.G.A.C. Exhibition of the German Art Council I.G.P. Inspector General Police IsMEO Instituto Italiano Per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente P.M.
    [Show full text]
  • Mauryan Art and Architecture- Part 1
    Mauryan Art and Architecture- Part 1 drishtiias.com/printpdf/mauryan-art-and-architecture-part-1 Introduction The Great Mauryan ruler Ashoka embraced Buddhism (as a part of shraman tradition) and the immense Buddhist missionary activities that followed during his rule paved the way for the development of Mauryan sculptural and architectural styles. King Ashoka patronized the shraman tradition in the third century BCE. The shraman tradition refers to several Indian religious movements parallel to but separate from the historical vedic religion. It includes Jainism, Buddhism, and others such as Ajivikas, and Carvakas. Background In 321 BC, Chandragupta Maurya, with the help of Chanakya (author of Arthashasthra) founded the Mauryan dynasty after overthrowing Nanda Dynasty. The Mauryan Empire was the first most powerful Indian empire to bring the entire Indian subcontinent under a single rule. The Mauryan empire under Chandragupta Maurya spread its boundaries into Central Asia and Persia. Expansion of Mauryan Empire: Chandragupta Maurya was succeeded by his son Bindusara in 298 BC who expanded the kingdom over most of present-day India, except Kalinga. Mauryan Dynasty under Ashoka: Bindusara's kingdom was inherited by his son Ashoka the Great in 274 B.C. Kalinga Invasion: During the invasion of Kalinga, Ashoka renounced bloodshed and adopted the policy of Ahimsa and adopted Buddhism. Mauryan Art and Architecture Mauryan architecture can be divided into Court Art and Popular Art. 1/6 Mauryan Court Art: Implies architectural works (in the form of pillars, stupas and palaces) commissioned by Mauryan rulers for political as well as religious reasons. Palaces: Greek historian, Megasthenes, described the palaces of the Mauryan empire as one of the greatest creations of mankind and Chinese traveler Fa Hien called Mauryan palaces as god gifted monuments.
    [Show full text]
  • Narration in Gandharan Reliefs
    Narration in Gandharan Reliefs Muhammad Shehzad Haider Master of Architecture 1997 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Architecture in the faculty of Built Environment at the University of New South Wales, Australia, 1997. U N S w 1 2 SEP 1997 LIBRARY Dedicated To My Parents Contents Acknowledgments List of Plates Introduction 1 Gandhara: 7 Geography 7 Evolution of Gandharan Art 9 Foreign Influences in Gandharan Stone Reliefs 15 Types of Narration in Gandharan Stone Reliefs 22 Monoscenic Narratives: the theme of Action 22 Monoscenic Narratives: Being in a State 25 Conflated Narrative 26 Continuous Narrative 26 Linear Narrative 29 The stone Bas-Reliefs of Gandhara 31 Themes of Narration 32 The Jatakas 32 Life of Buddha 38 Characteristics of Gandharan Stone Reliefs. 56 Notes 59 Bibliography 62 Acknowledgments This paper would not be completed without the guidance of my supervisor, Mr. Michael Tawa who always put me on the right track during the process of my research and presented me with questions that has to be answered. Special thanks to Premporn Khemavuk who always supported and encouraged me during my thesis and helped me in getting information regarding the topic. Besides using the vast collection of books in University of New South Wales, I am also much obliged to the library of University of Sydney that has a good collection of valuable books regarding my topic. I would also like to thank Amir Arif for his moral support during my thesis. LIST OF PLATES 1. Presentation of the Bride to Sidhartha 14 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Buddha on the Rocks: Gandhāran Connections Through the Karakorum Mountains M
    Buddha on the Rocks: Gandhāran connections through the Karakorum mountains M. E. J. J. van Aerde, A. D. L. Mohns, and A. G. Khan The Global Connections of Gandhāran Art Proceedings of the Third International Workshop of the Gandhāra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 18th-19th March, 2019 Edited by Wannaporn Rienjang Peter Stewart Archaeopress Archaeology Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Summertown Pavilion 18-24 Middle Way Summertown Oxford OX2 7LG www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978-1-78969-695-0 ISBN 978-1-78969-696-7 (e-Pdf) DOI: 10.32028/9781789696950 www.doi.org/10.32028/9781789696950 © Archaeopress and the individual authors 2020 Gandhāran ‘Atlas’ figure in schist; c. second century AD. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, inv. M.71.73.136 (Photo: LACMA Public Domain image.) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com Contents Acknowledgements ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������iii Illustrations ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������iii Contributors ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� iv Preface ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
    [Show full text]
  • The Caves of Ajanta, Ellora and Elephanta
    PREVIEWCOPY Introduction Previewing this book? Please check out our enhanced preview, which offers a deeper look at this guidebook. Built by Buddhist, Hindu and Jain monks as mountain retreats, India’s magnificent rock-cut sanctuaries, monasteries and temples offer travelers an unrivaled cultural experience, trans- porting them back to the formative stage of art and architecture for India’s indigenous religions. This Approach Guide serves as an ideal companion for travelers seeking a deeper understanding of this fantastic landscape, profiling India’s three premier rock-cut religious sites: Ajanta (Buddhist), Elephanta (Hindu) and Ellora (a mixture of Buddhist, Hindu and Jain). What’s in this guidebook • Comprehensive look at rock-cut art and architecture. We provide an overview of In- dia’s rock-cut art and architecture, isolating trademark features that you will see again and again as you make your way through Ajanta, Elephanta and Ellora. To make things come alive, we have packed our review with high-resolution images. • A tour that goes deeper on the most important sites. Following our tradition of being the most valuable resource for culture-focused travelers, we offer detailed tours of the most impressive and representative caves at Ajanta, Elephanta and Ellora, walking step-by-step through their distinctive artistic and architectural highlights. For each, we present informa- tion on its history, a detailed plan that highlights its most important architectural and artistic features, high-resolution images and a discussion that ties it all together. • Advice for getting the best cultural experience. To help you plan your visit, this guide- book supplies logisticalPREVIEW advice, maps and links to online resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Arc India Ajanta 5501 Cave 1 Interior Sibi Jataka ACSAA Slide (C) AAAUM Arc India Ajanta 5502 Cave 1 Interior Unident
    Arc India Ajanta 5501 Cave 1 Interior Sibi Jataka ACSAA Slide (C) AAAUM Arc India Ajanta 5502 Cave 1 Interior Unidentified Scene ACSAA Slide (C) AAAUM Arc India Ajanta 5503 Cave 1 Interior Det:Unidentified Scene ACSAA Slide (C) AAAUM Arc India Ajanta 5504 Cave 1 Interior Det:Unidentified Scene ACSAA Slide (C) AAAUM Arc India Ajanta 5505 Cave 1 Interior Det:Unidentified Scene ACSAA Slide (C) AAAUM Arc India Ajanta 5506 Cave 1 Interior Mahajanaka Jataka ACSAA Slide (C) AAAUM Arc India Ajanta 5507 Cave 1 Interior Mahajanaka Jataka ACSAA Slide (C) AAAUM Arc India Ajanta 5508 Cave 1 Interior Mahajanaka Jataka ACSAA Slide (C) AAAUM Arc India Ajanta 5509 Cave 1 Interior Detail of 5508: Heads ACSAA Slide (C) AAAUM Arc India Ajanta 5510 Cave 1 Interior Lustration scene ACSAA Slide (C) AAAUM Arc India Ajanta 5511 Cave 1 Interior Maha - Ummaga Jataka ACSAA Slide (C) AAAUM Arc India Ajanta 5512 Cave 1 Interior Padmapani ACSAA Slide (C) AAAUM Arc India Ajanta 5513 Cave 1 Interior Detail: Padmapani ACSAA Slide (C) AAAUM Arc India Ajanta 5514 Cave 1 Interior Detail: Padmapani ACSAA Slide (C) AAAUM Arc India Ajanta 5515 Cave 1 Inter. Antech. Left: Bodhisattva ACSAA Slide (C) AAAUM Arc India Ajanta 5516 Cave 1 Inter. Antech. Right:Sravasti Miracle ACSAA Slide (C) AAAUM Arc India Ajanta 5517 Cave 1 Interior "Black Princess" ACSAA Slide (C) AAAUM Arc India Ajanta 5518 Cave 1 Interior Campeya Jataka ACSAA Slide (C) AAAUM Arc India Ajanta 5519 Cave 1 Interior "Embassy scene" ACSAA Slide (C) AAAUM Arc India Ajanta 5520 Cave 1 Interior L Aisle:Painted pillar ACSAA Slide (C) AAAUM Arc India Ajanta 5521 Cave 1 Interior Ceiling: Aquatic Cows ACSAA Slide (C) AAAUM Arc India Ajanta 5522 Cave 1 Interior Ceilg.:Yaksha King (?) ACSAA Slide (C) AAAUM Arc India Ajanta 5523 Cave 1 Inter.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Indian Art
    AN INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN ART PART I Textbook in Fine Arts for Class XI ISBN- 978-93-5007-187-8 First Edition ALL RIGHTS RESERVED September 2012 Asvina 1934 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise PD 5T MJ without the prior permission of the publisher. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way © National Council of Educational of trade, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise disposed of without the publisher’s consent, in any form of binding or cover Research and Training, 2012 other than that in which it is published. The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page, Any revised price indicated by a rubber stamp or by a sticker or by any other means is incorrect and should be unacceptable. OFFICES OF THE PUBLICATION DIVISION, NCERT NCERT Campus Sri Aurobindo Marg New Delhi 110 016 Phone : 011-26562708 108, 100 Feet Road Hosdakere Halli Extension Banashankari III Stage Bangalore 560 085 Phone : 080-26725740 Navjivan Trust Building P.O.Navjivan Ahmedabad 380 014 Phone : 079-27541446 `` CWC Campus ``` 120.00 Opp. Dhankal Bus Stop Panihati Kolkata 700 114 Phone : 033-25530454 CWC Complex Maligaon Guwahati 781 021 Phone : 0361-2674869 Publication Team Head, Publication : A.K. Srivastava Division Chief Production : Shiv Kumar Officer Chief Editor (Incharge) : Naresh Yadav Chief Business : Gautam Ganguly Manager Printed on 80 GSM paper with NCERT watermark Editorial Assistant : Mathew John Published at the Publication Division by Production Officer : V.B.
    [Show full text]
  • The Organ Giving-Away in Mahāyāna Buddhist Perspective
    THE ORGAN GIVING-AWAY IN MAHĀYĀNA BUDDHIST PERSPECTIVE BHIKKHUNĪ JING LIU A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (Buddhist Studies) Graduate School Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University C.E. 2017 The Organ Giving-Away in Mahāyāna Buddhist Perspective Bhikkhunī Jing Liu A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of The Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (Buddhist Studies) Graduate School Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University C.E. 2017 (Copyright by Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University) i Thesis Title : The Organ Giving-Away in Mahāyāna Buddhist Perspective Researcher : Bhikkhunī Jing Liu Degree : Master of Arts (Buddhist Studies) Thesis Supervisory Committee : Asst. Prof. Dr. Sanu Mahatthanadull, B.A. (Advertising), M.A. (Buddhist Studies), Ph.D. (Buddhist Studies) : Phramaha Nantakorn Piyabhani, Dr., Pāḷi VIII, B.A. (English), M.A. (Buddhist Studies), Ph.D. (Buddhist Studies) Date of Graduation : March 10, 2018 Abstract This thesis is a research on Organ Giving-Away after death in Mahāyāna Buddhist perspective. There are mainly three objectives in this thesis: (1) to study the definition, types and significance of Giving-Away (dāna) in Mahāyāna scriptures; (2) to study the definition, practice and significance of Organ Giving-Away in Mahāyāna Buddhism; (3) to analyze Organ Giving-Away after death in Mahāyāna Buddhist Perspective. There mainly exists two primary cruxes during the process of this research: (1) the first crux of Organ Giving-Away after death which involves with the problematic definitions for death; (2) the second crux of ii Organ Giving-Away after death which involves with different comprehensions of death and how to take care of death.
    [Show full text]
  • Rethinking the Hungry Tigress Jataka in Mogao
    BODILY TRANSFER AND SACRIFICIAL GESTURES: RETHINKING THE HUNGRY TIGRESS JATAKA IN MOGAO CAVE 254 by Abigail Eliza Martin A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Utah in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Art History Department of Art and Art History The University of Utah August 2014 Copyright © Abigail Eliza Martin 2014 All Rights Reserved The University of Utah Graduate School STATEMENT OF THESIS APPROVAL The thesis of Abigail Eliza Martin has been approved by the following supervisory committee members: Winston Kyan , Chair 06/02/2014 Date Approved Wesley Sasaki-Uemura , Member 06/02/2014 Date Approved Elizabeth Peterson , Member 06/02/2014Ar Date Approved and by Brian Snapp , Chair/Dean of the Department/College/School of Art and Art History and by David B. Kieda, Dean of The Graduate School. ABSTRACT The Caves of Mogao, located just outside of the city of Dunhuang, have received much scholarly attention because they have preserved one thousand years of medieval Chinese visual culture from the fourth to fourteenth centuries. Right on the Silk Road, the Mogao site comprises nearly five hundred caves containing different varieties of Buddhist art. In particular, a number of scholars have focused their attention on Cave 254, dated around 475-490 CE. On the south wall of the cave there is a mural of the “Hungry Tigress” jataka, an Indian tale of one of the Buddha’s previous lives before his enlightenment and entry into nirvana as the historical Buddha Shakyamuni sometime in the fifth-century BCE. The popularity of these narratives have prompted scholars such as Stanley Abe, Julia Murray, and Hsio-Yen Shih to offer visual analyses and perspectives on the “Hungry Tigress” jataka mural in terms of its purpose and function within Cave 254.
    [Show full text]
  • Across the Himalayan Gap Culture and Art
    ACROSS THE HIMALAYAN GAP CULTURE AND ART SOME ASPECTS OF JATAKA PAINTINGS IN INDIAN AND CHINESE (CENTRAL ASIAN) ART M. C. JOSHI & RADHA BANEJEE An important linkage between the Ancient art of India and China is provided by Buddhist narrative episodes especially the Jataka tales detailing the previous lives of Buddha. Each story ends with a moral illustrating the Buddhist ideal of Dharma and self-sacrifice in diverse forms. The tradition avers that these stories were narrated by Buddha himself during the course of his sermons to drive home the message that by constant practice of virtuous deeds or Paramita (the highest virtue) one reaches the status of the “Enlightened One”. In these tales, the pre-Enlightened Buddha was designated as the “Bodhisattva” -- a lay creature on the path of Enlightenment, in the form of a humam being, animal, birds, fish etc. Paramita consists of a host of spiritual values such as dana (liberality), sila (moral precepts), kshanti (forebearance), virya (energy), prajna (knowledge), and satya (truthfulness). Through vivid story-depiction the Bodhisattva through the Jataka tales sought to inculcate virtuous living amongst his followers rather than insistence on doctrinal dogmas triyng to create a new faith that the level of the commoner . The Jataka stories demonstrate the exemplary behaviour on the part of one whose highest example was the accomplishment of highest knowledge . Thus Bodhisattva as depicted in the Jatakas was an aspirant after knowledge who wanted to rise through a chain of good deeds and virtuous living to the exalted status of Buddhahood. The original concept of the Jatakas support the belief in rebirth and the principle of Karma.
    [Show full text]
  • Jataka Tales and Ajanta Murals: 'Sacred Beauty' in Buddhist Words and Images
    Jataka Tales and Ajanta Murals: 'Sacred Beauty' in Buddhist Words and Images By J. Bruce Long ABSTRACT The question as to the proper and most acceptable view of the relationship between Religion and the Arts is as old as humankind itself Prior to the beginning of the Renaissance in the West in the mid-l 51h century, however, it was well-nigh universally recognized that Religion and the Arts were all but inseparable, and not only that but that they actively worked together to form a single, but complex mode of human expression. The pre-modern view of Religion and the Arts as intermingled strands of a single cord, provides the hermeneutica/ frame for this paper. The specific focus of this paper will be the story of the Great Renunciation of King Mahajanaka, ruler over Mithi/a, and a previous incarnation of The Buddha, as that story is recounted through two different, but interrelated modes of human communication -- the prose narrative in the Jataka Stories and the wall-paintings pertinent to that story located in Cave I at Ajanta, a Buddhist temple site in North Central India. , Following a brief account of the author's personal visit to the caves during a research year in India, the paper covers ad seriatum. the following topics: (!) The Loss and Rediscovery of the Caves in the /91h century, (2) The Design and Executionof the Caves and the Murals, (3) An Account of the Mahajana Jataka story, (4) A Description of the Paintings Illustrative of the Jataka Story, (5) A Thematic Analysis of the Mahajanaka Jataka Story, (6) Thematic Contrasts between the Jataka Story and the Ajanta Murals, and (7) Social and Cultural Values in the "Mahajanaka" Cycle.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Art & Culture by Teju, Nextgen
    Indian Art & Culture by Teju, NextGen IAS PDF – Table of Contents 1. Cave Architecture ............................................................................................................................ 14 1.1 Origin ..................................................................................................................................................... 14 1.2 History ................................................................................................................................................... 15 1.3 Types of Caves ...................................................................................................................................... 15 1.3.1 Buddhist Caves ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 1.3.2 Hindu Caves ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 17 1.3.3 Jain Caves ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 1.3.4 Cave Architecture during Gupta Period ............................................................................................................................................ 25 1.4 Evolution of Buddhist Cave
    [Show full text]