technical magazine August 2016

#58 FAST Airworthiness Support Technology The choice is yours

FAST 2016 QTR 2

- 25 years of flight operational commonality - Flight recorders data inspection

FAST 2016 QTR 1 FAST October 2015 FAST 2015 QTR 4 - Virtual Reality & 3D for Technical Data A330 Family Overview - TAT Optimizer - Augmented Reality in Airbus Incremental Development - ACE by name, ACE by nature

FAST 2015 QTR 3 FAST 2015 QTR 2 FAST 2015 QTR 1 - Managing aerodynamic performance - Stealthy building panels - Ground Support Equipement and tools - L-ion batteries - Head-Up Display system - Scheduled maintenance requirements

FAST 2014 QTR 4 FAST 2014 QTR 3 FAST 2014 QTR 2 - Additive layer manufacturing - Structure Health Monitoring - Telemetry Centre - Inflatable tents for engine maintenance - Importance of reporting event from the field - Greener solutions: cleaner chemicals

Special Edition

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Celebrating 25years Flight operationalcommonality around theworld Around theclock, FAST fromthepast and prognostics Health monitoring Smart WiringTroubleshooting SWITS Maintenance Assessment Optimisation ofPerformancebyTaskInterval OPTIMA to optimiseA330andA340aircraft VIP Kitsolutions Simpler testingmethods data inspection Flight recorders

app versionsofFAST magazine. on theiPad,Android &Windows videos orslideshows areavailable Where youseetheseicons,

43 42 36 30 24 16 12 04 03 FAST#58 04 FAST#58 edge overoperatorsofdisparatefleets. and toincreasepilotproductivity,gaining acompetitive are thusabletoreduceflighttrainingexpenditure thatoperateseveralmembersofthefamily throughout havebeenkeyinachievingthis. design philosophyandtheuseoffly-by-wiretechnology and operations.Theapplicationofacoherentcockpit with synergiesintheareaofflighttraining a trulyintegratedfamilyofaircraft Airbus laidthefoundationfor With theinceptionofA320, fly-by-wire commonality betweenAirbus of flightoperational Celebrating 25years

endorsement. aircraft underasinglelicence One poolofpilotsflyingrelated Single FleetFlying SFF the sameTypeCertificate. for relatedaircraftsharing A singlelicenceendorsement Same TypeRating STR [email protected] AIRBUS Engineering -ProductIntegrity Head ofTrainingandOperationalCertification Régine Suitability Data(OSD)requests: Requirement (ODR)andOperational Contact forOperatorDifference [email protected] AIRBUS Customer Affairs Aircraft Operations Technical MarketingDirector Gerrit Article by VAN DIJK VADROT

• • referred toasSingleFleetFlying(SFF).SFFisbothpractical and costeffectivesince: One poolofpilotsflyingmultipleAirbusmodelsunderasingle licenceendorsementis flight simulatorsessionsnoraTypeRatingcheckaremandatory inthiscase. them needonlyafewhoursofe-learningtoflytheothermodel aswell.Neitherfull True foranytwoAirbusmodelssharingaSameTypeRating, pilotsqualifiedononeof designation) orsinglepilotlicenceendorsement(EASAterminology). same TypeCertificate,thesemodelshavebeenassignedaSame TypeRating(FAA A320 FamilycomprisedoftheA318,A319,andA321. Inadditiontosharingthe shortened fuselagevariantscanbevirtuallytotal.Agoodexampleisthesingle-aisle Flight operationalcommonalitybetweenabasicaircraftmodelanditslengthened/ Same TypeRatingandSingleFleetFlying even thoughsystemsbehaviourmayvarysomewhatfromoneaircrafttypetoanother. that followsfacilitatestheharmonisationofabnormalandemergencyprocedures, displays thefaultandlistsactionsrequiredofcrew.Theread-and-doapproach ECAM, theheartofanyAirbusglasscockpit.Ifamalfunctionoccurs,ECAM Pilots receivesystemsinformationthroughanElectronicCentralisedAircraftMonitoror the two-engineA320andseventimesheavierfour-engineA380. Fly-by-wire enableshandlingandproceduressimilaritybetweenaircraftasfarapart • • flight controls: Airbus fly-by-wireaircrafthaveelectricalratherthanmechanicalsignallingofprimary The importanceoffly-by-wireandECAM the A320,A330,A340families,A350XWBandA380. subsequent programmesaswell,offeringaconsistentman-machineinterfaceacross layoutwithsidesticksinsteadofyokes.Airbushasusedthistechnologyinall The A340incorporatedtheA320’spioneeringdigitalfly-by-wirecontrolsandglass A310 Familyor737series. of aircraftcomparableconfigurationandmissioncapabilityonly,suchastheA300/ its size.Untilthen,so-calledflightoperationalcommonalityhadbeenadesignfeature monality betweenashort-range150seaterandlong-rangewidebodyaircrafttwice for theveryfirsttimetobenefitfromextensivecockpit,systemsandhandlingcom When, fouryearsaftertheA320,A340tooktoskyin1991,itbecamepossible A briefhistoryofAirbusflightoperationalcommonality take-offs andlandingsatthecontrols overa90-dayperiod on allwhenitcomestosatisfying theregulatoryrequirementofatleastthree and largelydeterminetheaircraft’shandlingcharacteristics and rudderpedalsthroughcomputersthatusecontrollaws Recurrent training,proficiency checks andlineinonemodelarevalidforall Take-offs andlandingsinonemodelcounttowardsrecency of experience Control lawsconvertthisinputintoanaircraftresponse The pilot’sinputtothecontrolsurfacesissentviaasidestick 25 yearsofflightoperationalcommonality

-

05 FAST#58 06 FAST#58 Flight operationalcommonalityduetoaconsistentman-machineinterface acrosstypes licence endorsements. aircraft thatrequireseparate One poolofpilotsflyingrelated Mixed FleetFlying acquire anaircraftTypeRating. of fulltransitiontrainingto Shortened instead Cross CrewQualification MFF CCQ 25 yearsofflightoperationalcommonality Fly-by-wire

(ECAM) Aircraft Monitoring Electronic Centralised order Pilot Flight controlcomputers • • multi-qualified pilots.MFFwithAirbusaircraftisalsopractical andcosteffectivesince: multiple aircrafttypes–requiringseparatelicenceendorsements –withapoolof CCQ mayleadtoMixedFleetFlying(MFF).AirbusdefinesMFF astheoperationof pilots withoutpreviousAirbusfly-by-wireexperiencetypically haveninesessions. A320 pilotneedsfivesimulatorsessionstoqualifyontheA380, forinstance,whereas of fullflightsimulatorsessions(handlingphase)followedbya TypeRatingcheck.An Crew Qualification(CCQ).Itconsistsofareducedgroundphase andalimitednumber The remainingtransitiontrainingfromoneAirbustypetoanother isknownasCross days relativetoastandardTypeRatingcourseduration. for theA330-A340combination,measuredasareductionin pilottransitiontraining cates andrequiringseparateTypeRatingsvariesfrom40%fortheA320-A380to90% Flight operationalcommonalitybetweenAirbusaircrafthavingseparateTypeCertifi Cross CrewQualificationandMixedFleetFlying landing inoneandtwotheother every90days) days (theA330-A340combination doesevenbetter=>onlyonetake-offand types, providedthatonetake-off andlandingisperformedineachtypeevery45 Recurrent training, proficiencychecksandline checksmayalternatebetween types Take-offs andlandingsinone type counttowardsrecencyofexperienceonother

Control laws

deflection Surface order deflection Surface Feedback response Aircraft - Flight operationalcommonalityduetoaconsistentman-machineinterface acrosstypes The lengthofAirbusTypeRatingcourses All coursesincludefullflightsimulator sessionsandaTypeRatingcheck * 23daysforA350,25 A380 (base trainingnotincluded) Flight CrewLicensing(FCL)complianttrainingandexamdays Days 10 15 20 25 0 5 A A A A A A A A with CrossCrewQualification 40 to0timesaving REDUCED trainingcost MORE timeforrevenueflying 25 yearsofflightoperationalcommonality A A

07 FAST#58 08 FAST#58 CTR in flight training and flight operations synergies with types 5 aircraft of aircraft An integratedfamily Certificates. separate Type related aircrafthaving endorsement for A singlelicence Common 25 yearsofflightoperationalcommonality

essentially becauseoftheincreasedfunctionalityandinteractivitythatA350 Nevertheless, pilotsqualifiedontheA330needdifferencestrainingforA350, or singlelicenceendorsement(EASAterminology). are sosimilarthattheyhavebeengrantedaCommonTypeRating(FAAdesignation) The A330andA350haveseparateTypeCertificates,buttheirhandlingcharacteristics Common TypeRatingandSingleFleetFlying • • endorsement (SFF)withthefollowingcredits: The A330andA350maybeoperatedbyonepoolofpilotsunderasinglelicence (65%) andtuitionsavings(80%),relativetoastandardA350TypeRatingcourse. between theA330andA350isexpressedbothintermsofpilottrainingdaysreduction and neitherisafullTypeRatingcheck.Thatwhyflightoperationalcommonality (EASA Level2,FAA6).Expensivefullflightsimulatorsessionsarenotmandatory and procedurestrainingplusfoursessionsinanon-movingFlightTrainingDevice cockpit offers.Itinvolvesfourdaysoflaptopbasedsystemsknowledgeacquisition provided thatdifferenceshavebeenaddressedinrecurrenttraining towards recencyofexperienceonboth Line andproficiencychecksinanyA330orA350arevalidforboth, Take-offs andlandingsperformedinanyA330orA350count

(EASA Level2,FAA6) * Non-movingFlightTrainingDevice that physicallyreplicatetheaircraft. and allcontrols,switchesknobs Equipped withfullsizecockpitpanels investment significantly. reduces thetrainingmedia of afullflightsimulator,which done withanFTD2*instead A330 toA350trainingmaybe A350 flighttraining training device fordifferences

request. the correspondingtrainingandcheckingneeds.AirbusODRtablesareavailableupon are listedandgradedfromAtoElevelaccordingtheirseverity,whichdetermines Operator DifferenceRequirement(ODR)tables.Differencesforeachaircraftcombination (the ‘candidate’aircraft)basedonsystemandmanoeuvrecomparisonspresentedin Pilots qualifiedononeAirbus(a‘base’aircraft)canbetrainedanother Regulatory aspects Complacency islesslikelyandmotivationtendstoimproveaswell. better balancebetweenworkandprivatelifecomparedwithpurelylonghaulflying. haul trips,whichprovidesmoretake-offandlandingopportunitiesmayleadtoa their workenvironmentismorevaried.Thiscouldmeanalternatinglonghaulwithshort Those whopractiseSFFand/orMFFgainaccesstoalargerpartofthenetwork,so since thecostofA320toA330CCQisrelativelylow. an airlinelookingfor,say,A330qualifiedpilotsmayalsoinviteA320toapply, to anotherone,whichenhancesproficiency.Pilotsbenefitfromgreatermobilitytoo: The skillsandexperienceaccumulatedinoneAirbusaircraftcanbecarriedover A pilot’sperspectiveonflightoperationalcommonality on theFSIMSwebsiteofFAA. is theFlightStandardizationBoard(FSB)report.FSBreportscontinuetobepublished The FAAequivalentofOperationsEvaluationBoardreportsandnowOSDdocuments documents today. and releasedtooperatorsonanadhocbasis,asisthecaseforapprovedOSD end of2015;fromthatdatethosewithanAirbuscontentaremanagedby Board reports.ExistingreportsdisappearedfromtheEASAwebsiteat EASA nolongerpublishesoperationalevaluationresultsasOperationsEvaluation approved byEASA.SincetheintroductionofanewruleinPart21pertainingtoOSD, be foundinOperationalSuitabilityData(OSD)documentspublishedbyAirbusand programmes, suchasCCQcourses,andtheimplementationofSFFMFFcan Regulations andrecommendationswithregardtotheuseofODRbasedtraining

25 yearsofflightoperationalcommonality

09 FAST#58 10 FAST#58 US$8 millionperaircraftinpresentvaluetermsovera15-yearperiod. Airbus flightoperationalcommonalityhasbeendemonstratedtosaveup increase by5to15%withSFFandMFF. of anairline’sflightoperations,annualrevenueflyingtimeperpilotmay privilege ofbigoperatorsbefore.Dependingonthemixfleetandnature Smaller airlinesbenefitfrompowerfuleconomiesofscalethatwerethe SFF andMFFofferrosteringflexibility,whichresultsingreaterpilotproductivity. • • In additiontothat,airlinescantakeadvantageofSFFandMFFinmanyways: programmes. pilot retrainingcostbytwo-thirdsonaveragewhenusingODRbasedtraining billions ofdollarseveryyear.ThosewithanAirbusfleet,however,canreduce and itbecomesobviousthatthisiscostingtheairlinescollectivelyseveral conditions. Addaroundone-and-a-halfmonthsofdowntimeforeachchange in totalatatypicalretrainingcostofUS$30,000perevent2016economic It isnotuncommonforapilottoexperiencesixeightequipmentchanges • • • • during theirprofessionallife,becauseof: Generally, airlinepilotsgettoflyvariousaircraftmodelsand/ortypes operational commonality The valueofflight Greater pilotproductivityduetoflightoperationalcommonality 25 yearsofflightoperationalcommonality aircraft reserve crewsandordinarylinepilotsatlarge on long-rangewidebodyaircraftorevenmulti-qualifying and multi-qualifyingtheirflightinstructors/examiners… and changefromtheright-toleft-handseat To usingsingle-aislefirstofficersasaugmentationpilots From creatinganintegratedfleetmanagementstructure A combinationoftheabove A changeofemployer Aircraft replacementinitiatedbytheiremployer Career incentivesthatmakethemmovetobiggerequipment Crews per 0 * Incombination withCCQfromtheA320for instance Steady staterelationship observedatvarious airlines 10 A350 stand-alone A330 stand-alone CCQ effect 20 With A330-A350SFF* 30

40

50

SFF &MFFeffect

60

70 80 PW1100G-JM orCFMLEAP-1Aengines have concludedthattheinstallationof As fortheA320neo,EASAandFAA A330-A340 combination. operations equaltothatofthe of experiencerequirementinMFF duration ofonlyfivedaysandarecency impressive 80%,resultinginaCCQ the A350andA380inparticularisan Flight operationalcommonalitybetween courses arenowavailabletoo. A340 toA350andA380CCQ CCQ fromtheA320Familyin2014, Rating fortheA330andA350aswell regulatory approvalofaCommonType innovation withcommonality.Following fine exampleofAirbus’abilitytocombine Airbus familyoffly-by-wireaircraftisa The integrationoftheA350into Recent developments (Same TypeRating)designated‘A320’. under asinglepilotlicenceendorsement considered avariantoftheA320ceo Henceforth, theA320neocanbe CFM56 orV2500poweredA320ceo. characteristics incomparisonwiththe does notreallychangethehandling 90 per pilot flying time more revenue 5-15 Typically in training and lesstime of scale Economies Fleet size

‘ Large-scale CCQandMFFareuniquetoAirbusmuchappreciatedbyitscustomers: and competency of maintainingrecency with ourpilotsinterms this hasbeenverypopular and shorthaulflying in termsofmixinglong advantages itwouldbring of goingforMFFwasthe One oftheattractions optimised flighttrainingandunprecedented crewrosteringflexibilitycoupledwithenhanced pilot Over thepast25years,numerousoperatorsaroundworld havediscoveredthebenefitsofthis: and thebiggestofthoseaircraft. which hasresultedinexceptionalhandlingandproceduressimilarity betweeneventhesmallest All Airbusfly-by-wireairlinershavebeendesignedwithflight operational commonalityinmind, CONCLUSION by thesuccessfulintegrationof theA350andA320neointoAirbusproductline. Airbus remainsstronglycommitted toofferingthisvaluablefeatureitscustomers,asdemonstrated proficiency andmotivation. Airways

Thomas Cook for flexibility The MFFismostuseful Windrose Airlines resources to crewplanningandsaving only benefitswithregard difficulties forourpilotsbut not createanyoperational and A330aircraftdoes Operating bothA320Family

Airlines

Gulf Air Board reports and OperationsEvaluation established byODRtables functional commonality full advantageofthestrong and successful.Wetook turned outtobeeffective of yearsnow,whichhas CCQ/MFF foranumber Our airlinehasemployed

35 ofwhichhave at morethan60operators, CCQ isareality Be oneofthem! also implementedMFF. 25 yearsofflightoperationalcommonality

Onur Air Airbus onthis We wouldliketocongratulate mid-size companieslikeours. MFF isverybeneficialfor by theAirbusapproach and trainingisfacilitated CCQ isreallyaplus

’

11 FAST#58 12 FAST#58 flight recorders’data qualityishighatalltimes. also whyitissoimportant tocontinuouslyensurethat This iswhyblackboxesdrawsomuchattention. Thisis and themorebenefitswillbederivedfor safety. data, themorepreciseinvestigationresults willbe gators needlotsofflightdata.Themore accurate the launched todetermineitsrootcauses.For that,investi- Whenever anaircraftaccidentoccurs, investigationis because theycontainsomethingprecious:flightdata. However, blackboxesarewellknownbythepublic aircraft fly;theydonotparticipatetopassengercomfort. famous avionicsunitsinanaircraft.Theydonotmake The flightrecordersor“blackboxes”mightbethemost by Airbus data inspection Flight recorders

[email protected] AIRBUS Cockpit Clock&LightingSystems Product LeaderRecorders, Thomas QUILLIOU [email protected] AIRBUS & LightingSystemsEngineer Indicating, Recorders Raphaëlle OMON Article by(lefttoright)

• Two flightrecordersareinstalledoneachAirbusaircraft: • • • • hours, inorderto: The inspectionofflightrecordersmayrequireasignificantnumberengineering • • The requirementsconsistinchecking: continuously monitoredbyOn-boardMaintenanceSystems. aircraft operatingrules.Theserequirementsusuallyapplyevenonflightrecorders Several nationalaviationauthoritieshaveexpressedsimilarrequirementsintheir whereby theflightrecorders’datamustbeinspectedatintervals. (EASA), andtheFederalAviationAdministration(FAA)haveadoptedregulations (ICAO), theEuropeanCommissionthroughAviationSafetyAgency The regulationauthorities,especiallytheInternationalCivilAviationOrganization Regulation changesrequiringperiodicdatainspection • (CAM). occupant seat)andonechannelisdedicatedtotheCockpitAmbientMicrophone Three channelsarededicatedtothecrewmembers(captain,firstofficer,third audio data.TheCVRrecordstheentirecockpitenvironmentonfourchannels. recorded parameters regulations. Eachofthese88parametersrepresentstensdifferent signals. recording. TheDFDRrecordsupto88parametersasrequiredbyinternational The CockpitVoiceRecorder(CVR):withacapacityof30minutesto120 Define anddocumentproceduresinuse Produce aninspectionreport Analyse thebehaviourofeachparameter,bycomparisonwithflightcontext Correctly transformtherawdataintoengineeringunits For theDFDR:correctdurationofrecordingandreasonableness For theCVR:correctdurationofrecordingsandqualityaudiodata The DigitalFlightDataRecorder(DFDR):withacapacityof25hourscontinuous Flight recordersdatainspectionbyAirbus

13 FAST#58 14 FAST#58 personnel. by experiencedandtrained must thereforebeperformed The CVRaudioinspection • • • different factorssuchas: audio recordingdependson The expectedqualityofaCVR to 2years. to bedoneatintervalsof3months The inspectionofCVRaudiohas inspection CVR audio Airbus providesturnkeysolutionscharacterisedbyconcise,compliantreports. Flight recordersdatainspectionbyAirbus and itsperipherals The channelbeinganalysed The technologyoftheCVR The typeofaircraft

replacement nit remoal ith another support equipment,proprietarysoftware,andaboveall:skilled,trainedpersonnel. or foraircraftincidentanalysispurpose.Airbusassetscomprisefacilities, ground Every yearAirbusperformshundredsofflightrecorderreadouts,eitherforcertification data inspectionbyAirbus New economicalflightrecorders to bespentanalysethereport). to produceaturnkeyreport(no additionalengineeringhours data withaircraftconfiguration data,andengineeringjudgement, The DFDRdatainspectionby Airbus crosscheckstherecorded • • an entireflight.Thismaybeanormalsituation: For example:let’sconsideraparameterremaininginvalidduring uration andoftheaircraftsystems. This checkrequiresapreciseknowledgeoftheaircraftconfig- of eachmandatoryparameterrecordedbytheDFDR. The inspectionofDFDRdatamustdeterminetheserviceability inspection DFDR data the unittoAirbus. to AirbususingasecuredFileTransferSystem(FTP):thereisnoneedship Since 2016Airbusoffersquickandeconomicdatainspection.Dataistransferred • • Airbus datainspectionservicesinclude: This serviceisnowproposedinthee-catalogue installed ontheaircraft during thisflight The parametermaybeavailableonlywithcertainoptions The parametermaycorrespondtoafunctionnotexercised The DFDRdatainspection,providedastechnicalassistance The CVRaudioinspectionservicewhereanreportisprovided. nit sal atainspection etrn shipment of nittoairline hipment to shop of nit Repair shop

etraction ata recertification nit inspection ata ata inspectionsericeyirs onloa oning ata Airline ile ransferystem inspection report

ompliant

ecre

Airbus

eamination ata pert

focus ontheirflightandmaintenance operations. Airbus services,anairlineminimises thenumberofengineeringhoursspentoninspectiontasks, andcan proposed toallowairlinesbenefit fromAirbus’experienceintheareaofflightrecorders. By selecting Airbus flightrecorderinspection servicesofferanewturnkeysolutionforairlines.These are CONCLUSION please contactAirbuscustomersupportthroughTechrequest inATA 2371or3133. For moreinformationandpricesconcerningflightrecorderdata inspectionbyAirbus, • • • • Advantages offlightrecordersdatainspectionbyAirbus experienced inanalysingdata troubleshooting adviceandfollow-uptoensuretherecorderserviceability removals, andallancillarycosts(spareinstallation,shipment,recertification) of engineeringhoursrequiredforaninspection Expertise: flightrecordersdataisanalysedbyexpertpersonnel, whoare Advice: incaseanyissueisfoundonaflightrecorder,Airbusprovidesprecise File TransferService:nounitshipmentisneeded;thisreducesthenumberof Turnkey solution:byusingAirbusservices,anairlineminimisesthenumber Flight recordersdatainspectionbyAirbus

15 FAST#58 16 FAST#58 [email protected] AIRBUS Cabin EngineeringProjectManager Lai-ling FUNG Article by and A340aircraft to optimiseA330 VIP Kitsolutions Airbus CorporateJets compartment. passenger seatingcabinintoaluxurious corporate jet This VIPKittransformsthecentralpartof astandardfull aircraft. Jets (ACJ)nowoffersaVIPKitsolutionfor A330andA340 for creative,optimiseduseoftheiraircraft, AirbusCorporate In ordertoofferairlinesadditionalflexibilityandopportunities to equippingitsaircraftwithhighlycustomisedVIPcabins. seat arrangements,Airbushasitsowndivisiondedicated that extendbeyondthescopeofusualairlinefullpassenger Responding totheneedsofoperatorswithrequirements generating operations. to correspondwithanairline’smostefficient,revenue Airbus commercialaircraftcabinsarecarefullyconfigured

VIP Kit solutions to optimise A330 and A340 aircraft

New cabin products In this very competitive market, airlines are obliged to develop strategies to capture the maximum of business. A key factor differentiating the services of one airline to another is the of comfort and amount of amenities aboard the aircraft. In addition to the operation of an Airbus fleet composed of the most modern aircraft in the world, airlines are continuously updating their cabins to provide maximum comfort and value-for-money for their passengers. Airlines also benefit from the economic advantages that refurbished cabins bring: weight saving, increased technological reliability, reduced maintenance costs and good levels of product support, warranty and spares availability from the suppliers of the innovative systems and furnishings. Cabin renewal gives the airline a chance to keep up with industry trends and to adapt to route changes and company strategy. Attractive, comfortable and modern cabins enable airlines to compete for increasingly discerning passengers. Seat suppliers are responding to this continuous cabin upgrade trend by producing new style hi-tech and ergonomic products. The old style reclining seats are being replaced with horizontal full-flat beds enclosed in private cocoons and packed with the latest IFE. Today’s premium rivals many of yesterday’s business classes, and today’s is more luxurious than yesterday’s . However equipping a cabin with the most up-to-date and comfortable seats is no longer enough – some airlines are going even further by offering passengers their own individual compartments in the form of mini-suites while others offer ultra-high-end amenities such as bars, relaxation lounges, showers and entire private apartments in the skies. The appearance of corporate jet style luxury inside a commercial airline cabin is making the headlines with Hollywood A-list personalities seen travelling in style in the TV commercials for some Airbus operators. Not only is such exposure providing a lot of publicity for the airline, but passengers are prepared to pay premium fares for the privilege of VVIP travelling. 17 FAST#58 18 FAST#58 VIP KitsolutionstooptimiseA330andA340aircraft ACJ VIPKits This conceptreferredtoasa‘VIPKit’opensupworldofpossibilitiesairlines of temporarilyinstalledquick-changeVIPamenitiesintoastandardcabinbyretrofit. on anaircraftandwillflyregardlessifbookedornot,ACJintroducesanewconcept While airlineultra-firstclassarrangementsareafixedandpermanently installedfeature a memorystick. of thecabinbutaregenerallylimitedtosimplesoftwarereprogramminguploadedfrom designed kitintoplace.CIDSandIFEre-configurationsdependonthepre-modstatus cabin istoremovetheseatswithinzonebeconvertedandslotspecially designed tolockintotheexistingstandardseatrails.Allthatisneededtransform surrounding monuments,liningandsystems.Themajorityofthefurnishingsare that canberetrofittedintothestandardairlinecabinwithminimumimpactto The ACJVIPKitisasetofmodularfurnishings(seats,beds,tables,divans,partitions…) special eventsandspecificcompanystrategy. missions andtotargetafullrangeofpassengerprofilesaccordingdemand,season, seeking tooptimisetheiroperationsbyusingthesameaircraftforamultitudeof Combining luxuryandflexibility VIP KitsolutionstooptimiseA330andA340aircraft

CIDS IFE Cabin IntercommunicationDataSystem In FlightEntertainment

19 FAST#58 20 FAST#58 VIP KitsolutionstooptimiseA330andA340aircraft Protocol/Security area Example ofACJ340Conferenceroom Example ofACJ340Office VIP Kit solutions to optimise A330 and A340 aircraft

ACJ VIP Kits are designed to be a plug and play solution Depending on the configuration of the kit which is individually designed for each customer, cabin conversion can take between 8 hours for two tables and 8 armchairs on an A320 to a few days for a full section of A330 VIP corporate jet furnishings including bedroom, lounge and office. An ACJ VIP Kit will enable the operator to respond quickly to fluctuations in passen- ger demand, can help utilise the same aircraft on different routes, can be a powerful promotional feature and overall will provide the flexibility to optimise flight operations. Airbus is the first to offer “two-for-one” high comfort commercial cabin quick-change configurations. The process of custom definition, manufacture and entry-into-service of an ACJ VIP kit follows a similar pattern to that of the original cabin but at a reduced scale, to a quicker timeframe and with a greater degree of design flexibility. As ACJ is part of Airbus Airbus, ACJ guarantees full certification and airworthiness compliance plus the usual Corporate high level of after-sales support our customers expect for their fleets. Jets When it comes to corporate jet ACJ A330/A340 VIP Kit style luxury, Airbus has its own division dedicated to equipping its Flying to new heights in aircraft dual utilisation aircraft with the finest VIP cabins. Further to providing the possibility to install a section of quick-change ultra-first ACJ is unique amongst commercial class furnishings into a commercial aircraft, an ACJ VIP Kit can also completely aircraft manufacturers in providing transform the entire aircraft for very special missions. a complete range of services from In line with the “two-for-one” concept, an ACJ VIP Kit may be particularly attractive marketing, sales, cabin installation, to governmental customers wishing to utilise a long range aircraft from their entry-into-service and after-sales national carrier for worldwide summit meetings and intercontinental state visits. support, maintenance and cabin The utilisation of the same A330/A340 aircraft for commercial revenue plus rebuild for very specific aircraft for private state use makes good economic sense. When not used by the ministry, interior configurations. the aircraft is flying with the country’s airline.

ACJ’s capability ranges from the Another clever application of an ACJ VIP Kit can be for charter operators of Airbus full furnishing of an A340-600 VVIP A330 and A340 aircraft seeking to broaden the scope of the services they offer aircraft for a private individual, to by proposing different cabins on the same aircraft according to customer needs. highly appointed A318 aircraft The generous cabin space of at least 216m2 on an A330 and A340 can easily destined for luxury business jet accommodate a full ACJ VIP Kit comprising several private rooms. Sufficient charter operations. The division passenger seating in business class and economy class level is maintained in the has built A320 cabins for efficient aircraft for entourage, journalists and associated staff for a total passenger count governmental transport and A319s of about 200. have been equipped as comfortable company shuttles. In order to provide the quickest solution to transform an all-passenger aircraft into a corporate jet, ACJ has taken the initiative to pre-engineer a VIP kit that can be installed into a part of the constant section of any in-service A330 and A340 aircraft. Based on its extensive experience of VIP jet furnishing this specific ACJ A330/ A340 VIP Kit offers a comprehensive layout arrangement over almost 60m2 comprising a generously sized and luxuriously finished executive seating area (14m2), conference/dining room (22m2), private office (9m2) and a bedroom (13m2). High-end local IFE (video screens and Blu-ray players) is also included in the kit that fits perfectly into existing linings under the overhead stowage compartments. The seats and divan are all certified to 16G requirements and are qualified for occupation during Taxi, Take-Off and Landing. A total of 19 passengers can be accommodated in the ACJ A330/A340 VIP Kit. Each of the individual seats is located adjacent to a separate full size table for comfortable working and spacious dining. The executive seating, in particular, is located in its own zone and can be used for guests or for protocol and entourage staff. 21 FAST#58 22 FAST#58 50% lessthancomparedtoa20-monthstandardleadtimeforcomparableproduct. to designandmanufactureasectionofVIPcabinonanA330orA340isimpressive As amajorityoftheACJA330/A340Kitcomponentsarealreadyproduced,leadtime overhead compartments. each equippedwithitsownIFEscreenandstowageconsoleinadditiontotheexisting and quietbedroominthecabin.Thisroomfeatures2fullsize1mx2msinglebeds, Finally, theACJA330/A340VIPKitoffersprivilegeofhavingafullyseparatecalm as acinemalounge. can beviewedfromboththearmchairanddivan,enablingofficetoalsoused a convenientdeskandanarmchair.The30”videoscreenmountedontopivotingarm A fullyenclosedprivateofficeisalsoincluded,comprisingaconvertible3-seaterdivan, the conferenceroomistransformedintoanexclusivediningarea. easily sharedamongstthe12participants.Bylayingbeautifullinenonworkingtables, of theA330andA340cabin.Equippedwitha42”videoscreen,presentationscanbe Working isfacilitatedbythespaciousconferenceroomthatspansentire5.3mwidth private rooms. of which3areatleast1mx2msizesinglebedsthebestcomfortin2separate the seatingpositionscanbetransformedintoatotalof11fulllengthhorizontalflatbeds, Not onlydoestheACJA330/A340VIPKitofferluxuriousseatingbutfornightflights VIP KitsolutionstooptimiseA330andA340aircraft

ACJ340 Office Example of

courtesy ofPlus33DesignStudio Cabin designandillustrations with consoles ACJ319 Club2anddivan Example of Chadi SAADE, Email: [email protected], Tel:0033(0)561932909 For furtherinformation, contacttheACJsales team: an innovativeandpowerfultool for‘two-for-one’operationsofAirbusA330andA340aircraft. This isanexceptionalchance to benefitfromtheexpertiseofACJandbefirstsecure There iscurrentlyonepre-engineered ACJA330/A340VIPKitimmediatelyavailableonthe market. for specialmissions. the fullA330andA340passenger cabinintoacorporatejetinlessthanweektousethe aircraft The ACJA330/A340VIPKitsolutionpresentsauniqueopportunity toeasilyandtemporarilyupgrade for quickcabinconversionintheracebestcomfortandoptimisation ofaircraftusage. ACJ enablesoperatorstoenhancetheircabinswithluxurious furnishings and alsowithACJ VIPKits CONCLUSION

back tothehomebase. a qualifiedmaintenancecentrewhereveritmaybeintheworld,withoutanyneedtofly if needed.Thisgivesoperatorstheaddedfreedomtoconvertdedicatedaircraftin stowed inthecargoholdspecialboxes(included)fortransportationtoanoutstation doors. Asabonus,theACJA330/A340VIPKitcomponentscanalsobepackedand All ACJVIPKitpartsaredesignedwithappropriatesplitlinestofitthroughthecabin to restorethecabinbackitsformerstandardconfiguration. about 4daystoconverttheairlinercabinintoaVIPjet.Another3isallittakes installed (someload-bearinghardpointsandpowerconnectionsocketsonly),ittakes Once theACJA330/A340VIPKitisfinalisedandasmallamountofaircraftprovisions customers’ everyneed. and ACJ’shighlyspecialisedengineersdesignersarereadytorespondthe ACJ isheretoguideoperatorsthrougheachstepofthecustomisationprocess to bestudiedonacasebybasis. Customer specialrequestsandadditionalcustomisationwillalsoimpactleadtime, to theprecisepre-modstatusofcustomeraircraftmayneedadditionalleadtime. and finishisexpectedtotakeonly10months.However,adaptationfine-tuning Finalisation oftheACJA330/A340VIPKittopre-definedconfigurationandtrim

VIP KitsolutionstooptimiseA330andA340aircraft

23 FAST#58 24 FAST#58 OPTIMA Optimisation ofPerformancebyTaskIntervalMaintenanceAssessment Engineering Engineering Management Manager, A330Fleet Paul Bruzzone [email protected] AIRBUS Engineering Maintenance Programmes Business Developer, Luis Calderon [email protected] AIRBUS Systems Programmes Engineering Head ofMaintenance Oliver Weiss Article by(lefttoright)

implementation. interlaced cornerstones:Optimisationassessment,In-service data,andOptimisation maintenance programme’sefficiencythroughoutacyclethat involvesthreemajor The maintenanceprogrammeoptimisationwiththeOPTIMA process monitorsthe without compromisingsafetyandensuringreliablecost-effective aircraftoperations. (including tasks,proceduresandtaskintervals)fromthemaintenance programme and TransportCanadawiththeobjectivetooptimisemaintenancerequirements is notanAirbustoolbutaprocessdevelopedbyandacceptedEASA,FAA The OptimisationofPerformancebyTaskIntervalMaintenanceAssessment(OPTIMA) customised maintenanceprogrammes. Board Report(MRBR)levelaswellforoperators’ maintenance programmeattheMaintenanceReview approach toimplementinganoptimisationofthe This articlegivesaglimpseoftheAirbusengineering Costs (DMC)andenhancingaircraftavailability. aircraft performance;reducingDirectMaintenance with planningactivities,playanimportantrolefor The optimisationofmaintenanceprogrammes,together In-service data Optimisation assessment implementation Optimisation

Optimisation ofPerformancebyTaskIntervalMaintenanceAssessment accomplishment Previous task of MRBRinterval Report at50% of MRBRinterval Report at interval • • • • The OPTIMAprocessconsistsofaseriesstepstoensurethebestresults: excluded fortheoptimisation ofsafety-relatedmaintenance tasks. assessment oftheeffectiveness ofmaintenancerequirements. data requiredfortheoptimisation. Theseareconsideredaspartoftheeconomic Economic dataforscheduledand unscheduledeventsarealsopartofthein-service are expected(e.g.Discardtasks,Lubricationetc.). data forthosetaskswherenoNon-RoutineCard(NRC)findings fromscheduledevents Data samplereportsandnewshopareincludedinthe collectionofin-service cabin crewand/ormaintenanceduringtheaircraftoperation. analysis butalsoanyminorfindingorunscheduledeventrecorded bytheflightcrew, in-service datacollected.Notonlyaretheoperationalinterruptions consideredinthe nance requirementorthatcouldlatertriggernewrequirements isakeyelementofthe Unscheduled maintenanceandreplacementdataeitherrelated toaspecificmainte give weighttoeachreportdependingonthetaskaccomplishmentinterval. sample willthereforebeequaltothefleet),FleetFindingRatecomputed operator wherealltherelevantdataofoperators’fleetisavailable(the accomplishment interval.Eveninthecaseofcustomisedoptimisationforaspecific integrating amethodthatwillattributeweighttoeachreportdependingonthetask Margin ofError“ME”,withaconfidencelevel95%,usingiterativealgorithmsand The principleistoestimatethewholeFleetFindingRate“F”andassociated full benefitofthereportedscheduledmaintenancein-servicedata. quantity aremet.Airbusintroducedastatisticalmathematicalmodelinordertotake reaches a95%confidencelevel,onlyoncereasonablelevelsofdataqualityand Only fullyreportedmaintenancetasksrepresentthe“datasample”.Thisdatasample the qualityofdataisjustasrelevantquantity. operators’ customisedmaintenanceprogrammes.FortheoptimisationofMRBR, The OPTIMAprocesscanbeappliedtoMRBRevolutionsorfortheoptimisationof • • MRBR the changesinMRBRoroperatorsmaintenanceprogramme long operationscancontinuewithhiddendefects Using engineeringjudgementandstatisticalmethodsonthedatatoestimatehow Assessing theconsequencesofafunctionaldefectoccurringduringoperations Analysing thefailureeffectsandrelatedfaultsonaircraftsystems andoperations Capturing andprocessingrelevantaircraftin-servicedata Measuring theefficiencyofoptimisationbyanalysingdataafterimplementing Effectively implementingtheassessmentresultsinmaintenanceprogramme accomplished of MRBR interval at 50% Task F -ME Economic datais accomplished of MRBR interval at Task OPTIMA -

25 FAST#58

OPTIMA

Figure 3

Scheduled Component Operational Unscheduled Economic Sample maintenance reliability reliability maintenance data shop data data data data reports data

Operator Additional data specific data Operational collection has uploaded into Operators’ been launched Data delivered Interruptions Line and Base Airbus’ specific to support to Airbus chargeable to Non-Routine database data; Aircraft in industry the aircraft Cards eg Maintenance standards (delays, and TechLog man hours, System and uploaded cancellation, entries Operational optimisation into Airbus’ deviation, systematically Interruption (servicing, database Airbus in flight recorded fleet turn back, costs lubrication, data etc.) restoration, discard tasks)

Data is uploaded to Airbus’ database in order to optimise maintenance programming and allow the final data to conform with e-Business SPEC2000. Airbus is then able to manage different data formats and upload them for the operator into the Airbus “In-service Data On-Line Services” IDOLS. (Figure 3) The quality of the final data is ensured through OPTIMA engineering data validation. The data packages are scrutinised to determine a correlation with the impacted maintenance requirement and/or determine potential new requirements.

OPTIMA assesses the data and recommends task intervals, task procedure and/or task adaptation The OPTIMA assessment makes full use of Airbus’ specialist “engineering judgement” and a “risk analysis” on the relevant validated data. The OPTIMA process focuses not only on the analysis of scheduled maintenance data but it also gives the same relevance to all in-service data, Airbus’ worldwide fleet experience and Airbus’ first-hand design knowledge (Figure 4). This, together with the further development of statistical formulas, is a significant complementary step to the general approach maintained throughout the years by the industry and regulatory entities for optimisation exercises.

Unscheduled Scheduled Unscheduled removals maintenance removals Scheduled maintenance

Direct Direct Maintenance Operational Maintenance Operational Costs interruptions interruptions Costs

Figure 4: OPTIMA gives the same relevance to all in-service data, Airbus’ worldwide fleet experience and Airbus’ first-hand design knowledge 26 FAST#58 Figure 5:Dashboard Operational Interruptions Nb. Of OperatorsNb. Of Av. Delay (min) Cancellations Sub-Tropical Total Reports Boreal/Polar Finding Rate Temperate Finding Rate &ME Diversions Tropical Findings Fleet FR Nb. A/C Desert Delays Climatic Areas Task Reports Total IFTB ME RSI 0,40% 0,40% 0,40% 709 406 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X X X X

O.I. Count T.R. Count T.R. Count 100 200 300 400 100 150 200 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 50 0 1 0 0

<0 o (en.. IF TurnBack 2009 0-4 0-749 Total valid Reports 750-1499 Operational Interruptions peryear Task by IntervalFH Actual Reports where anoptimisation ofthemaintenanceprogramme issetupinanewplanning. fleet maintenanceplanning(e.g. optimisingoutofphasetasksonly)andthesecond ments tobeoptimisedfromthe maintenanceprogrammeissetuptofittheexisting performed intwo“directions”. The firstwheretheselectionofmaintenancerequire (turn aroundtimes,uses),fleet conditionsandpriorities,theOPTIMAprocesscanbe Depending ontheoperators’resources (labour,infrastructure,etc.),operationneeds task accomplishmentcanbescheduledfortheaircraftfleet. task intervals,modifiedprocedures)hasbeenestablished, theplanningof Once theoptimisedmaintenancerequirement(e.g.new/deleted tasks,improved assessment forAirbusspecialistswhenperformingtheengineering analysis. This dashboardconsolidatesalltherelevantdataandisbackbone ofthe 1500-2249 model/formula arerepresentedinadashboard(Figure5). The resultsofthedataassessmentandcomputedvaluesfrommathematical (minimum risk)willrepresentthefirstopportunityforpreventivemaintenance. probability ofanunscheduledmaintenanceeventtakingplaceandthelowerlimit within a“corridor”wherethehigherlimit(maximumrisk)willrepresentanincreased maintenance requirement.Thisoptimisedintervalshouldbeunderstoodasavalue The assessment’sobjectiveistodeterminethemostoptimisedintervalforaspecific Task by Age Reports 4-8 2010 Diversion 2250-2999

3000-3749

3750-4499 8-12 2011 Cancellations 4500-5249 Findings

5250-5999 10-16 6000-6749 2012

6750-7499 Delays Finding Rate 7500-9749 16-40

9750-11999 2013 R.S.I. 0 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0 2 4 6 8 10

R.S.I. F. Rate F. Rate Cost/A/C/Year ($)

Cost/A/C/Year ($) Unscheduled 10 12 14 Economic Information Scheduled 0 2 4 6 8 Sched. Cost Maint. Unsched. Cost Maint. 100.00%

OPTIMA 0.00% 12

-

27 FAST#58 OPTIMA

The OPTIMA process has been applied not only in MRBR recent evolutions (A320 evolution during 2014-2017 and currently A380 MRBR evolution) but it has been implemented as well by operators on their A330 and A380 programmes with full involvement of their local airworthiness authorities. (See FAST magazine #55) Airbus maintenance engineering is continuously working with IT specialists and data scientists to improve the assessment methodology. To do so, Airbus focuses on defining more accurate performance standards to measure the effectiveness of the maintenance programme for the worldwide fleet or for sub-fleets with specific characteristics like aircraft age or environmental conditions (figure 6 & 7).

26.00 26.32%

24.00 23.53% 22.00 21.05% 20.00 20.00%

18.00

16.00 MPD Task References 14.00 14.35% 50xxxx-00001-01 12.00 50yyyy-00001-01 50zzzz-00001-01 Finding Rate 10.00 11.11% 78xxxx-00001-01 8.79% 78yyyy-00001-01 8.00 8.68% 6.86% 6.00 6.38% 7.06%

4.00 3.85% 2.55% 2.00 2.80%

0.00 0.43%

C1: 0-3 C2: 3-6 C3: 6- Aircraft age category (years) Figure 6

This allows Airbus to zoom into the in-service data and grasp more optimisation opportunities to reduce DMC and enhance aircraft availability. Altogether, this provides a chance for customised maintenance programme solutions.

Finding Rate per ATA2D and Region ATA2D 21 22 24 25 26 2 28 29 30 32 33 34 35 36 38 44 46 49 50 2 3 5 8 9 80 Colours Min Desert

Max Sub-tropical Region Temperate

Tropical

Figure 7 28 FAST#58 OPTIMA

Qantas’ OPTIMA exercise The benefits that OPTIMA can bring to an airline was confirmed by Qantas who conducted an optimisation exercise on its A330 fleet with the assistance of Airbus. The data collected to enable the OPTIMA process was broken into 6 key elements:

• Scheduled maintenance • Unscheduled maintenance • Component reliability • Operational reliability • Economic information • Sample data

Qantas’ feedback was the following: As the Qantas maintenance information system uses electronic certification, all maintenance records for scheduled and unscheduled tasks are readily available for analysis, eliminating the need for what was historically a time-consuming process to gather paper records. This also enabled 100% of relevant data to be analysed in the OPTIMA process and reduced the time to validate and load data into the IDOLS system. The process considered all relevant data in the analysis of maintenance task performance. Formerly, in optimisation and evolution exercises, results have been skewed to the analysis of scheduled maintenance findings. The OPTIMA process balances the issues and considers the complete asset maintenance by using many data aspects. This may lead to a different conclusion than when considering only the findings of scheduled tasks. The engineering judgement and risk assessment applied to the analysis for Qantas’ customised optimisation exercise allowed both the Airbus expertise (inclusive of the reported world fleet experience) and the unique experience of the operator to be considered in the analysis process. Through the engineering analysis of the data, the results could be considered with respect to their significance on the affected system and given context to the unique aircraft operation, modification status, configuration, and age of the Qantas aircraft fleet and solutions tailored to suit. The operations, planning, resourcing and processes of operators are not identical and these differences are accounted for in a customised optimisation exercise but cannot always be accounted for in the MRBR process. The process was well defined from the start, and acceptance of it was obtained from the regulator before commencing data collection and analysis. This ensured that the process worked efficiently with very little rework being required as expectation and understanding on both sides were clear. In all, the collaboration and quality of dialogue between Qantas and Airbus was great.

CONCLUSION

The OPTIMA process by Airbus relies on a good balance between in-service data analysis, usage of statistical methods and engineering judgement from Airbus’ long and extended engineering expertise. This efficient process results in an optimised maintenance programme for the airlines, which in turn increases aircraft availability for more revenue flights and reduces Direct Maintenance Costs (DMC). 29 FAST#58 SWITS Smart Wiring Troubleshooting

With their kilometres of cables, aircraft electrical system checks can be a difficult challenge for airlines and MROs. In order to ease the process of finding a fault and precisely locating it, Airbus is offering a new tool: SWITS. Using reflectometry* and the LCR measurement (impedance, capacitance and resistance), Article by (left to right) SWITS can detect a fault in a fraction of the usual time.

Jean-Luc BARRE Finding a fault on the aircraft’s electrical system Electrical Installation Senior Engineer AIRBUS Troubleshooting can become a complicated task when multiple lines (equipment) [email protected] are suspected in the Post Flight Report (PFR). Considering that permanent or intermittent faults can appear anywhere in an electrical system, issues can take Nick FENDALL a long time to locate and fix. GSE & Tools Business Development Manager On occasion, intermittent electrical faults that occur in flight can be almost Maintenance Planning & GSE Services impossible to replicate on ground. These intermittent faults can be caused by very AIRBUS small chafing, corrosion or contact faults that can be difficult to locate, resulting in [email protected] increased aircraft downtime and increased maintenance costs due to ad-hoc computer and component replacements. Adding to the mechanic’s burden is the fact that the cables are routed behind furniture, fittings or structure, so gaining access to wiring can be a large part of the job when troubleshooting electrical faults.

For this reason the Airbus Ground Support Equipment, Support Engineering and BizLab teams have been working closely with airlines in order to simplify the trouble- shooting of permanent and intermittent faults found in aircraft electrical systems.

Customer satisfaction and reduction of aircraft downtime are at the heart of this initiative and Airbus is now able to offer enhanced electrical system troubleshooting tools and services using the latest technology. 30 FAST#58 SWITS - Smart Wiring Troubleshooting

The SWITS tool (Smart Wiring Troubleshooting)

The SWITS tool is based on standard LCR measurement The end fittings are equipment connected at the extremity technology in combination with healthy references of the of the computer such as proximity sensors, servo valves, etc. aircraft’s electrical systems. In addition to LCR measurement, Failing this, it is necessary to perform an inspection of the full the SWITS uses TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) to determine wiring loom. Considering that the wiring loom can be more the fault location. Together, this enables the tool to sequentially than 100 metres long and concealed by cabin fittings and test the affected electrical system lines, compare the results to aircraft structure, this is no easy task. Also by having to replace the database of healthy references and automatically identify what could be fully functioning computers or end fittings in the nature and location of the fault. search of an issue can result in a high number of No Fault Found (NFF) events, which add unnecessary costs. In creating SWITS, Airbus has worked with tool supplier NEXEYA to develop the WIDD 200 (Wire Defect Detection) tool By using the SWITS tool, the procedure for troubleshooting will and combined it with aircraft electrical systems references to start by placing the SWITS tool in place of the computer thanks perform automatic fault detection. This equipment is capable to the provided connection cable. The tool will then run an of checking 62 channels sequentially which enables incredibly automated test of each line targeted in the GTR (Ground Test fast fault analysis. Initially SWITS will be enabled to test ATA 27 Requirement) to easily identify the type of defect (end fitting (flight controls) and ATA32 () electrical systems issue or wiring issue). During this check, the SWITS tool on the A320 Family, A330 and A340. The functionality will be compares the LCR and TDR measurements to the database progressively expanded to all systems on all Airbus aircraft. of healthy references to identify the nature and location of the defect. This will enable maintenance personnel to go directly One of the tool’s main benefits remains the shift between the to the fault, reducing the need for random component replace- usual process and the radically simplified and faster SWITS ments or removal of many cabin furnishings and linings in process. The traditional procedure for troubleshooting often search of the problem. If no fault is found by the SWITS tool, involves first replacing the computer for the affected system. the troubleshooting procedure will recommend replacing the If this is not successful in resolving the problem, the second computer as a last step. This will have the benefit of isolating step is to check or replace the end fittings in search of the issue. the problem to a wiring, end fitting or computer fault and reduce the number of No Fault Found (NFF) events.

Main characteristics • 62 channel LCR and reflectometry measurement

• Able to detect the following faults: - Short circuit - Open circuit - Bonding - Grounding - Intermittent

• Intelligent automatic testing of ATA 27 and 32 electrical systems - Applicable to A320, A330 and A340 families - No training required

• Intermittent fault finding function - Applicable to any aircraft with use of specific connections - Specific user training required.

• SWITS includes: - WiDD 200 tool - Integrated rugged laptop - Connection cables - GTR

* Reflectometry is a measurement technique used to determine the characteristics of electrical lines by observing reflected waveforms. The amplitude of the reflected signal can be determined from the impedance of the discontinuity. The distance to the reflecting impedance can also be determined from the time that a pulse takes to return. 31 FAST#58 SWITS - Smart Wiring Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting example in automatic mode The following example is a clear demonstration of how the SWITS tool works and its efficiency compared to the traditional process. In this example two failures are simulated at the connection between ELAC2 ( Computer) “2CE2” and the servo valve of the servo control 33CE4: • an open circuit on the wire 2793-4526 • 33CE4 equipment failure

Following the A320 TSM (Trouble Shooting Manual) task 27-10-00-810-828-A recommendations, the first step is to replace the ELAC2. The second step is to replace 33CE4 and finally a wiring check is performed, which in this case is 62 metres long.

Note: Aircraft Wiring Manual (AWM) shows the connection between ELAC2 and servo control 33CE4 in this wiring the cables are connected to some VC (connectors interface) and one VP (pressure seal).

A A A A A A A C

E A C C A C A C A C A CE EAC E A CE E C AE By using the SWITS tool in place of the ELAC2, operators will be able to automatically check the aileron servo control, wiring and connections at the same time. This will save a significant amount of time and enable the operator to focus directly on the 33CE4 failure or wire breakage.

LCR measurement with the SWITS tool connected in ELAC2’s position

Status igh Low R () R () CEAE CEA CEAE CEA CEA CEA CEA CEA 32 FAST#58 SWITS - Smart Wiring Troubleshooting

The LCR result shows an open circuit in the line 2CE2 AD 2E/2F as the recorded resistance in the first circle (822 kOhms) is much higher than the reference in the second circle (490 ohms). However, from this result alone we cannot determine if it is the cable that is cut or if it is the end fitting that is defective, resulting in an abnormal electrical load.

Looking now at the TDR result we can see that there is a large peak at 35 metres, in comparison to the reference image (displayed in blue). By taking the LCR and TDR results together we can conclude there is an open circuit (breakage) in the cable at 35 metres (TDR signal after break is not relevant).

CEA Breakage at metres CEA

E

() ()

Looking at the second example of an end fitting (33CE4) failure, the LCR measurement will produce the same readings as for the previous example.

However looking again at the TDR result, we can see that there is a difference in peak at approximately 62 metres in comparison to the reference image (displayed in blue). From these results we can conclude there is an end fitting failure, as the wiring’s full length is 62 metres.

CEA CEA

Open circuit at metres () ()

Normal troubleshooting Troubleshooting using SWITS

E Bay access E Bay access Replace ELAC 2 Connect SWITS in place of ELAC 2 Access to Servo CTL panel removal with a platform If no finding Replace ELAC2 Wiring Check Servo valve Wiring Check cables Result Result 33 FAST#58 SWITS - Smart Wiring Troubleshooting

The SWITS’ Expert mode An additional function has been added to SWITS for the troubleshooting of difficult or intermittent wiring issues.

This function continuously scans the wiring to be tested in reflectometry mode and is able to detect faults that last as little as 1 millisecond. Therefore, for these intermittent faults the tool scans the wiring while someone gently shakes the cables or connector. If the fault is reproduced only once and for a fraction of a second, the tool will be able to identify which line is effected and where the defect in located.

Intermittent faults are often triggered by very small wiring defects such as pin/socket connection issues, corrosion, wire chafing or ground bonding not well connected. Locates very small These faults can also sometimes only occur during flight and cannot be replicated on ground. Due to their small size, fault finding and resolution in these cases can be a very intermittent difficult and long task. With SWITS however, these faults can be found and solved in a very small amount of time. in-flight wiring This intermittent fault finding mode (Expert mode) is not possible via the automatic analyses defects that are function based on the GTR used for ATA 27 and 32. Specific user training is required to be able to correctly configure the aircraft before starting the test, in order to avoid damage difficult to replicate to the electrical system, and to be able to correctly interpret the results. This mode has the benefit of being able to be used on any aircraft or any electrical system once correctly on ground configured by the user. In practice, the intermittent fault finding mode will be used after standard TSM tasks have been accomplished and the fault has been identified as an intermittent fault.

The aim of this function is to connect the SWITS tool at one extremity thanks to the provided connection cable, usually by removing the computer, and disconnecting all other end fittings such as proximity sensors. This ensures only the wiring and connectors are connected and analysed. As all end fittings are disconnected, the test is similar to a continuity test. 34 FAST#58 For moreinformation ontheon-sitetroubleshooting service,pleasecontactSEEA5 teamthroughTRM. on AirbusWorld. For moreinformationontheSWITS tool,pleasecontacttheGSEandToolsteamthroughTRM Practice Manual)andthroughspecific training. The Expertmodewillbecovered bytheintroductionofSWITSinESPM(ElectricalStandard SWITS willbereferencedinthe TEM(ToolEquipmentManual)andwillbeintroducedintheTSM. resolving longrunningissues. is currentlyofferingatroubleshootingservicewhichhasproven tobeverysuccessfulatquickly The SWITStoolwillbeavailablefromNovember2016andthe Airbussupportengineeringteam fault findingandtroubleshootingofon-boardelectricalsystems. By incorporatingthelatesttechnology,Airbusisnowabletooffer atoolandon-siteserviceforfast CONCLUSION To benefitfromthisservice,arequestcanberaisedinTechRequest. the defectveryquicklythankstouseofSWITSandproviderepairsolution. As hasbeenprovenwithanumberofcustomers,theexpertsareabletodefineandlocate to disconnectandreconnectelectricalitemsinorderperformthetestusingSWITS. The teamistrainedtouseSWITSandqualifiedlightPart145,meaningthattheyareable using theSWITStool. for electricalsystemfaultsrelatedtowiringissueswithaCustomersupportexpertteam Airbus CustomerServicesalsoproposesthepossibilityforonsitetroubleshootingsupport Onsite troubleshootingservicebyAirbus SWITS -SmartWiringTroubleshooting

35 FAST#58 Health monitoring and prognostics

Airbus has combined its extensive knowledge of aircraft with the vast amount of data collected by airlines to offer them the possibility of predicting maintenance needs and maximise their operational efficiency.

Article by

Pierre SEYTE In recent years, aircraft have become increasingly complex, generating vast amounts Diagnostic and Prognostic Solutions of data through countless parameters especially since the A380 and A350 XWB. Domain Leader At the same time, efficiency of operations has never been so important for airlines. AIRBUS Flights are more frequent, the number of destinations increases, and delaying or cancelling [email protected] a flight due to unplanned maintenance has, more than ever, heavy consequences for airlines.

The main stake for airlines is now to move from a reactive mode to a pro-active mode Caroline PEREIRA GARCIA by turning unscheduled maintenance into scheduled maintenance. Marketing Manager M&E applications AIRBUS In this context, Airbus offers a complete set of solutions and services that monitor the health [email protected] of aircraft and can accurately predict their future needs. 36 FAST#58 Health monitoring and prognostics

The opportunity Analytical techniques including Big Data are making a difference in many industries and are a source of great potential in aerospace. Analysing data before, during and after the flight enables a better understanding of the aircraft’s status and optimisation of its operations.

Leveraging these growing amounts of data represents the ground material for improvements in flight operations, reliability, maintenance and ultimately safety. One concrete outcome for operators and maintenance providers is to be able to anticipate failures before they occur via prognostics.

However, these techniques only deliver value when combined with business knowledge: Airbus’ unique knowledge of the aircraft and the airlines’ understanding of the aircraft’s operations. This winning formula is not only about raising alerts on future issues but also proposing actionable solutions to them.

The Airbus difference Firstly, as a major aircraft manufacturer, Airbus has been gathering extensive experience in aircraft health monitoring, and has privileged access to worldwide fleet and unparal- leled understanding of . Airbus owns valuable knowledge on how to optimise aircraft operations through its Support Engineering and Design Office experts, its AIRTAC (Airbus Technical AOG Centre) teams who solve AOG situations, and a continuous improvement process combining Airbus and customers’ reviews.

Secondly, with Airbus Smarter Fleet®, Airbus collaborates with IBM to ease data gathering, analytics and processes. Airbus Smarter Fleet® is a unique platform of integrated solutions where all services share valuable information, via Big Data techniques and which can be tailored to specific needs.

In addition to this, particular attention is given to the user experience, which is key to gaining alignment with the customers’ expectations and receiving final acceptance from end-users.

Based on this approach, Airbus has been developing applications and services which cover the full aircraft health monitoring value chain, from prognostics to diagnostics and support to troubleshooting.

s m h n it io fe u r t s a Back e t o Design d o g id office l l Office b m a a support e v c r k Re

rootc Customer CORE Ops R emet Services TEAM Centre

l d g o e t f r f e i i In-service Flight n t a is h r t it m eperience test c r io ir e n s p Re ert R

The Airbus Lab Composed of all of Airbus’ internal skills and the customer’s experience, the Lab provides Airbus’ customers with maximum value solutions and services.

The objective of Airbus is to provide the maximum contextual information to the airlines’ maintenance and engineering teams in order for them to manage in-flight events efficiently and even be able to anticipate their occurrence. Using these health monitoring tools, the airline can avoid operational interruptions. 37 FAST#58 38 FAST#58 in theearlydaysafterentry-into-service. Today, AiRTHMisusedbyseveral A380operatorsandallA350XWB to buildaknowledgebase. All monitoredeventsareregisteredinCaseAnalysisTemplates (CAT)filesinorder troubleshooting advicetotheairline. to performaccurateengineeringanalysisandprovidecorresponding dispatchand and doautomaticuplinksinreal-time.Thecollecteddatathen allowstheAirbusteam reports, SmartAccessRecorder(SAR)andQuick (QAR)files, able tocollectadditionaldatasuchasAircraftConditionMonitoring System(ACMS) In additiontotheknowledgeandexpertiseofAirbusengineers, theteamisalso and faultmessagessentbytheaircraft. case theAirbusteamtracksECAM(ElectronicCentralised AircraftMonitor)alerts The FlightWatchserviceprovidesmonitoringoftheaircraftduringflightandinthis assistance incaseofareturntogateprocedure. failures duringflightpreparation,pre-departuredelaydriversandprovideon-demand that mayimpactthedispatchbeforeitleavesgate.Theyparticularlylookatpotential For thePre-DepartureCheck,Airbusteammonitorsparticularsystemsofaircraft AiRTHM currentlyofferstwoservices,Pre-DepartureCheckandFlightWatch. observed, providesappropriaterecommendationstotheairline. which monitorstheairlinefleet,analysesaircraftdataand,whenaneventis This serviceconsistsofanAirbus24/7dedicatedteam,locatedintheAIRTACcentre, in diagnosticsandtroubleshootingactivities. AiRTHM istheservicededicatedtoA380andA350XWBoperatorssupportthem AiRTHM service to befollowed,usingtheuplinksfeaturetroubleshootaircraftinreal-time. on thetechnicaleventdiagnostics,operationalimpactandtroubleshootingsteps module, calledAIRMAN-webExpert,allowstheusertogetverydetailedinformation to enableairlineusersgofurtherindiagnosticsandtroubleshooting.Thisnew to providetheAirbusexpertiseusedforAiRTHMservicethroughAIRMAN-web Based onthestrengthsofbothAIRMAN-webandAiRTHM,Airbushasdecided fleet andprovidesguidanceonoptimisedmaintenancereal-timetroubleshooting. and A350XWBoperators.InthiscaseaninternalAirbusteammanagestheairline’s In parallelwithAIRMAN-web,AirbusoffersaservicecalledAiRTHM,dedicatedtoA380 to maintenancedocumentsandtroubleshootingsteps. transmits faultsandwarningmessagestogroundcontrol,providingrapidaccess aircraft healthmonitoringtool.Itconstantlymonitorsthesystems’and Used bymorethan140customersonaround7000aircraft,AIRMAN-webisAirbus’ to ensurefasttroubleshootingandreducedelayforthenextdispatch. The firststepwhenafailureoccursistomakequickandreliablediagnosisinorder support and troubleshooting Diagnostics Health monitoringandprognostics

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lert orrelated uplinks when needed when uplinks orrelated by AirbuswithAiRTHMortheautonomy ofitsMCCwithAIRMAN-webExpert. and troubleshootingactivities,giving thechoicetoairlinebetweenaserviceensured With AIRMAN-webExpertand AiRTHM, Airbusprovidesacompleteofferfordiagnostics and sointheendreduceoperationalinterruptionsforimproved aircraftavailability. With thisnewmodule,theMCCcanspeed-upitsdiagnosis,save timeintroubleshooting continuously beenrichedwithbothAirbus’andtheairlines’experience. The knowledgesharedinAIRMAN-webExpertisbasedonAiRTHM expertiseandwill and determinetherootcause. actions. TheyalsoallowtouplinkspecificACMSparametersin ordertoconfirmthefault These filesexplainallinformationrelatedtothefailureandpropose expectedremedial can basetheirtroubleshootingdecisionsonAirbus’expertise contained inCATfiles. Focusing oncomplextechnicaleventswhichhavethemostimpact,MCCusers request capability. codes, directaccesstonecessarytechnicaldocumentationandACMSdatauplink This databasecontainsenricheddataandfeatureslikecorrelationofmultiplefault a knowledgedatabase. Control Centre(MCC)indiagnosticsandtroubleshootingbyprovidingaccessto in AIRMAN-web.TheobjectiveofAIRMAN-webExpertistoguidetheMaintenance its extensiveknowledgeofaircraftandfromcustomerrequeststooptimiseinformation This solutionwasbornfromAirbus’objectivetoallowcustomersbenefit troubleshooting onA380sandsoonalsoA350XWBs. AIRMAN-web Experthasbeendevelopedtoofferasoftwaresolutionenhancing AIRMAN-web Expert ort c offce tecoloy l identification oot cause nalysis on erte t erce tomer iT team n flight ffce e Health monitoringandprognostics et lt irline eedback dvice process improving ontinuous

39 FAST#58 Health monitoring and prognostics

Prognostics Example of PRM efficiency In order to be a step ahead of technical events, the airline can use prognostics in and in this case the objective is to avoid unplanned events by detecting system failures before they occur. Between April 2015 and May 2016, Airbus has developed an application called Prognostics and Risk Management (PRM) 11 PRVs (Pressure Regulating which provides early detection of failures, enhancing aircraft availability and reducing Valves) and 1 HPV (High Pressure unscheduled maintenance. Valve) were removed in scheduled maintenance visits thanks to the A study made on the A330 fleet, revealed that up to 15% of the entire operational PRM Pneumatics alert before failure. interruptions could be avoided using a prognostics solution like PRM. Aircraft operations were maintained without any delays and maintenance Prognostics and Risk Management activities were properly scheduled and organised. Thanks to a proof of concept done with 3 airlines between 2013 and mid-2014, the capability to detect in anticipation unplanned failures has been formally demonstrated. In this example, all the removed PRV This milestone was the start point of the industrialisation of the PRM application. and HPV were later confirmed From April 2015 a one year “in-service evaluation phase” was set up in collaboration with “faulty” on test bench in the shop. Delta Air Lines allowing users to fine-tune the algorithms and features of the application. PRM was born.

Today, with Delta Air Lines as its launch customer, PRM is a chargeable service With Airbus’ Prognostics and Risk with fully demonstrated and recognised benefits. Management, we will leverage the The principle of PRM is quite simple. It uses the Flight Data Interface Management Unit strong expertise of Airbus’ design (FDIMU) capabilities and its Aircraft Condition Monitoring System (ACMS) function ‘‘office to provide us with the most to record a particular set of data at a very precise timeframe of the flight, that features effective way to monitor our aircraft a specific signature, identified by Airbus Design Office engineers as a weak signal systems. to a future failure. Prognostic alerting will allow our It is in the ACMS load, a customised database, that all this needed data is defined with Engineering and Maintenance teams its associated recording conditions. This load, delivered by Airbus to PRM customers, to detect in advance failures on has to be fitted onto the FDIMU system of the aircraft monitored by PRM. No software our components and systems changes are necessary. to mitigate possible operational interruptions. PRM will also help At the end of the flight, all the recorded data that has been merged by the FDIMU is us maximise our A330 aircraft made into a unique ACMS report. This report is automatically transmitted to the Airbus turnaround and systems’ reliability server on ground using the ACARS network. and efficiency and move mainte- Finally, thanks to algorithms defined by data scientists in collaboration with Airbus Design nance events from unscheduled Office specialists and Airbus Customer Support experts, PRM computes the collected to scheduled. parameters and displays aircraft systems degradation. Based on threshold and target values defined by Airbus, it can then alert the engineering teams that a failure might occur. Jim Jackson, Additional data, like ECAM alerts and BITE (Built In Test Equipment) messages from Post Manager of Predictive Maintenance Flight Reports, is also used to correlate detections with failures when no preventive Engineering at Delta Air Lines maintenance was launched. In this case, PRM brings additional information that can be ’’ useful to improve troubleshooting. ECAM alerts can be displayed on the same graph as the prediction trends, hence allowing better customisation of alerting thresholds. ACARS Aircraft Communication Addressing PRM is a web application accessible by any user from any location and only needs and Reporting System an Internet connection to be usable. The application is very easy to use and can be ACMS Aircraft Condition Monitoring System customised by the user. For example, it allows the information to be accessed by the AIRMAN ANalysis aircraft and/or by ATA chapter. There are also filtering options allowing the user to AiRTHM Airbus Real-Time Health Monitoring customise the screen display (by event priority, by aircraft programme, by MSN…). BITE Built In Test Equipment Prediction alerts can be based on either Airbus’ pre-defined thresholds or user-defined DAR Digital ACMS Recorder thresholds according to the airline’s strategy of risk mitigation. ECAM Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitor PRM is currently available for A330 fleet and will soon be expanding. The 10 existing FDIMU Flight Data Interface Management Unit predictions on A330 aircraft are going to be completed by a new set of algorithms HMI Human Machine Interface by the end of 2016. An in-service evaluation phase will be launched on the Single Aisle MCC Maintenance Control Centre fleet (A319, A320, A321) in October 2016 with a selected number of airlines who have PRM Prognostics and Risk Management already expressed their wish to experiment with this new concept on their own fleet. QAR Quick Access Recorder A350 XWB PRM will be available to airlines at the beginning of 2017 and the A380 PRM SAR Smart Access Recorder in the following months. 40 FAST#58 Health monitoring and prognostics

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Example of ATA36 Event details displaying PRV closure degradation and associated maintenance action (here PRV replaced) allowing the recovery to normal behaviour New data sources of the PRV. Airbus looks to the future and constantly generates initiatives to improve the accuracy and relevance of its models and predictions. As more data can be pushed to the ground, it is possible to build more models using Big Data techniques that also allow an improved accuracy of failure localisation.

An experimental phase has been launched, in cooperation with easyJet, where DAR et ecer effcecy (Digital ACMS Recorder) as well as maintenance data is used to make predictions. ffcecy rte DAR data representsR several megabytes of data sent to the ground instead of the AF26previously BOSlimited fewAM kilobytes. This DAR data collected through WiFi or cellular capabilities gives additional opportunities for Airbus to develop new prediction models 56206in cooperation with external companies such as Palantir or IBM. 0.7375Compared to PRM and AiRTHM, these models are built through a different methodology. RPRM and AiRTHM models are based on system design and ACMS data, whereas this MAINTNANC STATS CAB TMP Pnew 52My approach will analyse PLNM527 aircraft data in a statistical way to find correlations between faults and symptoms and be able to identify prognostic models. In this context, new HMIs (Human Machine Interface), strongly integrated in the airlines’ operational systems have been designed to provide actionable items (pending tools, resources, spares’ availabilities) at the best time in order to minimise impact on aircraftlt operations.

The prototype will be delivered to easyJet by the end of September 2016 for a 6-month “proof of concept” phase during which both Airbus and easyJet will monitor the efficiency of the models, their accuracy, and also assess the benefits of the front end HMI with its strong integration with airline systems. From systems to… Today, enhanced troubleshooting or prognostics mainly target systems, whereas other areas such as cabins and airframe are for the moment overlooked. Considering their potential, Airbus has made these areas its next challenge. As new passive sensors become increasingly available, this new technology promises Airbus Smarter Fleet® is a trademark of Airbus just the beginning of many benefits and applications.

CONCLUSION

Big Data and connected aircraft are key success factors for enhanced maintenance operations. Thanks to this consistent approach, continuous development and improvement, Airbus covers all its customers’ needs from improved troubleshooting to prognostics. Based on the expertise of its Design Office, and supported by several operators for in-service experience, Airbus is now positioning itself centrally in this very promising market.

Tomorrow’s maintenance will be very different to what was done a few years ago. Prognostics is not only a new concept; it is a completely new paradigm for aircraft maintenance in the future. 41 FAST#58 42 FAST#58 FAST There wouldn’tbeanyfuturewithouttheexperienceofpast. “Iron Annie”. earned herthenickname corrugated aluminiumalloyskin, and dials,aswellitsunusual The sturdylevers,cranks,taps ‘’*. look andfeeldespiteits-literally The JunkersJU52hadarobust

from thePAST using LCD displays. *The term‘glass cockpit’isusedtodistinguish of Airbusaircraft. 25 yearshasbeenappliedtothe cockpitofeachnewgeneration decision madewiththeinception oftheA320andoverlast Operational commonalitywas a consciouscommercial time, increasespilotproductivity, andsimplifiesrostering. wire technologyacrosstheentire Airbusfleetreducestraining The flexibilitycreatedbyacoherentcockpitdesignandfly-by- commonality (seearticlepage4). consistently adherestotheprinciplesofflightoperational particular aircraftwitheaseandefficiency,butthecockpitalso Each Airbuscockpitisergonomicallydesignedforflyingthat today areafarcryfromtheJU52. The streamlined,harmonisedcockpitsfoundinallAirbusaircraft

Photos courtesy of Airbus Corporate Heritage Fax: Tel: ADMINISTRATION FIELD SERVICESUPPORT Fax: Tel: CHINA Fax: Tel: USA/CANADA Fax: Tel: WORLDWIDE Airbus hasmorethan240fieldrepresentativesbasedinover110 cities Around theclock,aroundworld +33 (0)561934964 +33 (0)561933936 +86 1080486162 +86 1080486161Ext.5020 +1 7038343464 +1 7038343484 +33 (0)561931818 +33 (0)567191980

account [email protected] Please contactyourdedicatedcustomer spares Spares RTN/USRorders [email protected] Fax: Tel: Spares relatedHMVissues [email protected] Fax: Tel: Spares In-Flightorders [email protected] • [email protected] • Spares AOG/WorkStoppage [email protected] Fax:+33 (0)561933500 Tel: +33(0)561933400 Airbus TechnicalAOGCentre(AIRTAC) TECHNICAL, MATERIAL&LOGISTICS Fax: Tel: In theAmericas: Fax: Tel: Outside theAmericas: +49 (0)4050764013 +49 (0)4050764003 +49 (0)4050764012 +49 (0)4050764002 +1 7037294373 +1 7037299000 +49 (0)4050764011 +49 (0)4050764001 outside theAmericas: in theAmericas: outside theAmericas: [email protected] Airbus AsiaTrainingCentreSingapore [email protected] Training byAirbusJakarta Tel: +97146027862 Airbus MiddleEastFZEDubai Tel: +919880065511 Airbus TrainingCentreDelhi Tel: +919880065511 Airbus TrainingCentreBangalore Tel: +861080475341 Airbus TrainingCentreBeijing Fax: Tel: Miami, Florida-U.S.A. Airbus TrainingCentreAmericas Fax: Tel: , Germany Training Centre Airbus Maintenance Fax: Tel: Toulouse, France Airbus TrainingCentre TRAINING CENTRES +1 3058714649 +1 3058713656 +49 (0)4074388588 +49 (0)4074388288 +33 (0)561932094 +33 (0)561933333

43 FAST#58 How can I keep my business flying?

Ask for Services by Airbus. Our expertise and innovation ensure your aircraft is kept to the highest standards of safety, productivity and efficiency for years to come. Airbus is the answer.

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