BULLETIN DE L' INSTITUT ROYAL DES SCIENCES NATURELLES DE BELGIQUE ENTOMOLOGIE, 75: 29 1-303, 2005 BULLETIN VAN HET KONINKLIJK BELGISCH fNSTITUUT VOOR NATUURWETENSCHAPPEN ENTOMO LOGLE; -75,: ,29 1-303, 2005

Faunistics of the Dolichopodid fauna (Diptera: ) of the Voeren region () with new records for species for special faunistic interest by Marc POLLET, Wouter DEKONINCK & Patrick GROOTAERT

Abstract the department of Entomology of the KBIN in the early 80'ies. During the 90 ' ies inventories were focused mainly The s ubregion of Voeren, an enclave of the Flemish province of on which resulted in a fair coverage of its in the Wallon province of Liege, was sampled for long-legged were recorded (Dolichopodidae, Diptera) for the first time in 2003. Fifteen sites surface. As a result, Dolichopodidae in both ancient forests, naturally afforested plots a nd pl antati ons were from about 40% of all UTM 5 km squares in Flanders investigated with Malaise traps, white pan traps and pitfall traps from (POLLET, 2000). However, sampling efforts appeared April until October. The total yield comprised 26.268 specimens of at strongly biased among provinces with Limburg the least least 62 species, with fo ur species accounting for 85 .6% of the speci­ mens. Besides 15 rare, 2 vulnerable and 2 insufficiently known species, sampled (33.3%) as compared to Oost-Vlaanderen Neurigona pal/ida was redi scovered which had previously been con­ (44.3%), Vlaams Brabant (45.5%), Antwerpen (53.1 %) sidered extinct in Flanders. Hercostomus vivax and Neurigona erich­ and West-Vlaanderen (58.2%). The subregion ofVoeren soni are recorded for th e first time i n Flanders, and Hercostomus argentifrons and unisetosa are recorded for the first time (see Fig. I) - as an enclave of the province Limburg in Belgium. Data on the distribution and ecology of 17 species of within the boundaries of the Wallon province of Liege special faunistic interest are given, including a ll new records for - had not been sampled at all at that point. Flanders since POLLET (2000). Factors explaining the estimated rari ty of these species are discussed. During 2003 a project [AMINAL/B&G/30/2002] was sta11ed by the Flemish Administration of Nature and Key words: Dolichopodidae, Voeren, Limburg, Belgium, faunistics, Enviro1m1ent to study the (re)colonization potentials of ecology, distribution, Red Data Book. invertebrate faunas during afforestation processes. Both ancient forests, spontaneous afforestations as well as plantations were included in the sampling program that Samenvatting was conducted in the Voeren subregion of the province Limburg. In the present contribution, faunistics are De deelregio Voeren a is enclave van de Vlaamse provincie Limburg in de Waalse province Luik werd in 2003 voor het eerst onderzocht op presented of the Dolichopodidae that were established slankpootvliegen (Doli chopodidae, Diptera). Van april tot oktober during this inventmy, whereas results on the impact of werden vijftien pl aatsen in zowel oude bossen, natuurlijk verboste the forest developmental stage on the dolichopodid fau­ habitats en aanplantingen bemonsterd met behulp van Malaisevall en, witte watervall en en bodemvall en. In totaal werden 26.268 exemplaren nas will be treated in a separate paper. verza meld, behorend tot tenminste 62 soorten. Vier soorten vertegen­ woordi gden 85.6% van de totale vangstopbrengst. Naast 15 zeldzame, 2 bedreigde en 2 onvoldoende gekende soorten, werd ook Neurigona Material and methods pal/ida - die tot hi er toe als uitgestorven voor Vlaanderen werd beschouwd - opni euw ontd ekt. !-lercostomus v ivax . en Neurigona erichsoni werden voor h et eerst in Vlaanderen vastgesteld , terwijl A total of 15 sites (site VOERO 1-15) were investigated !-lercostomus argentiji·ons en Medetera unisetosa als ni euwe soorten using one Malaise trap, 3 pitfall traps (9.5 em, depth 9 em) aan de nati onale soortenlijst kunnen worden toegevoegd. Gegevens over de verspreiding e n de ecologie van 17 faunistisch interessante and 3 white pan traps (rectangular - 17 x 10 em, depth so01ten werden in deze bijdrage opgenomen, inclusief ail e nieuwe 5 em) in 11 sites. In sites VOER06 and VOER13-15 on vangsten sinds POLLET (2000). Factoren die de vastgestelde zeldzaam­ the other hand, only 3 pitfall traps were installed. Pitfall heid van deze soorten be.in vloeden, worden besproken. and pan traps were placed in one row with internal Slcutclwoorden: Dolichopodidae, Voeren, Limburg, Belgium, fa unis­ distances of 3-5m. They were filled with 10% formaline tiek, ecologie, verspreiding, Rode lijst (or about 3.5% formaldehyde) solution and detergent, whereas 70% alcohol solution was used in the coll ecting jars of the Malaise traps. Traps were in operation between Introduction 2 April and 8 October 2003 and were emptied 1 2 times, usually at fortnightly intervals. Dolichopodid specimens Large-scale surveys on Diptera in general, and on were sorted out by the second author and subsequently Empidoidea in particular, in Belgium were initiated b y identifi ed by the seni or author. Detailed information on 292 Marc POLLET, Wouter DEKONINCK & Patrick GROOTAERT

I I

Flanders

Wallony

Antwerpen

Oost­ West­ Limburg VIaanderen VIaanderen

Fig. I - Location of the subregion Voeren (prov. Limburg) in Belgium the sampling strategy and the recorded environmental and subsequent publications. In the countty list of variables is given in DEKONJNCK et al. (2005). each species, references are only given for post-1982 For all species, estimates of rarity and recent decline (the cut-off year for Negrobov's record gathering) and were retrieved from POLLET (2000). For species of special other records, not included in his catalog. Doubtful faunistic interest, three data sources were consulted to records are indicated by a question mark. Non-European present up-to-date information on their distribution and regions are separated from European records by a semi­ ecology: (i) the Fauna Europaea on-line database (http:// colon. www.faunaeur.org/) with respect to their distribution in New records for Flanders are given in the following Europe (POLLET, 2004); (ii) the documented Red List of format: PROVINCE: locality, toponym [= name of site Dolichopodidae of Flanders and associated databases or area], sampling date/period, no. males no. females, (POLLET, 2000) with Belgian distributional records from sampling method, collector. Records from Voeren are 1850-1997 (further indicated as "Distribution in Bel­ listed as follows: locality, toponym [ = name of forest] gium" ), and (iii) an unpublished database with identifi­ (sampling site code), sampling period, no. males, no. cation results of approx. 250.000 specimens collected in females, sampling method. Particular information that Belgium mainly between 1997 and 2004 (further indi­ applies to more than one record is mentioned at the end cated as " New records"). of these records, if appropriate, preceded by "all ". All Data on the distribution of the species in Europe were specimens of the Voeren sampling campaign were col­ retrieved from the Palaearctic catalog (NEGROBOY, 199 1) lected by the second author (Wouter Dekoninck) and all Afforestation: Case study "Voeren": Dolichopodidae 293

dolichopodid specimens listed are stored in the personal & GROOTAE RT, 1987), in contrast with the average 20 collections of the senior author (Marc Pollet) unlike species that were coll ected per site in the Voeren region, otherwise mentioned. ranging from 12 (site VOER10) to 29 (site VOER04). Most probably the observed low species diversity is also List of abbreviations related to the rather low pH of the soil (min. 4. 71 , max. 6.12) in the sampling sites, especiall y as compared to Countries: AT: Austria; BA: Bosnia and Herzegovina; BE: forests in the more western sandy loamy Houtland region. Belgium; BG: Bulgaria; BY: Belarus; CH: Switzerland; Four species represent together 22.178 or 85 .6% of CY: Cyprus; CZ: Czech Republic; DE: Gennany; DK: the collected specimens, including 2 ewytopic forest Denmark; EE: Estonia; ES: · ·Spain; FI: Finland; species (Sciapus platypterus: n = 4.107, 15.9%; Dolicho­ FR: France; GB: Great Britain; GR: Greece; GR-AEG: pus popularis: n = 3.886, 15 .0%), one eurytopic species North Aegean Islands (Greece); HR: Croatia; HU: with a preference fo r stmny, d1y habitats ( Cluysotus Hungary; IE: Ireland; IT: Italy; LU: Luxembomg; MK: gramineus: n = 3.989, 15.4%) and one ewytopic species the fonner Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; NL: The with a strong affinity for humid forests (Dolichopus un­ ; NO: Norway; PL: Poland; PT-AZO : Azores gulatus: n = 10.196, 39.4%). The remaining 3.723 speci­ (Pmtugal); RO: Romania; RU-RUC: Central European mens belong to no less than 58 species. The proportion of Russia; RU-RUE: Eastern Emopean Russia; RU-RUN: the most abundant species per site varies between 36.4% Northern Emopean Russia; RU-RUS: Southern European (site VOER04, Clu ysotus gramineus) and 94.1% (site Russia; RU-RUW: Nmthwestern Emopean Russia; SE: VOER13, Dolichopus ungulatus). Sweden; SI: Slovenia; SK: Slovakia; UA: Ukraine; YU: Among the 62 species, 38 or 61.3% are considered at Yugoslavia (Serbia, Kosovo, Voivodina, Montenegro); low risk at present which implies that they have recently EPA: Eastern Palaearctic; NEA: Nearctic; NRE: Near East; (1981- 1997; see PoLLET, 2004) been recorded from at NAF: North Africa. See http://www.faunaeur.org for more least 10% of the sampled UTM 5 km squares in Flanders information about the delimitation of the above regions. and that they show a maximum decline since 1981 of 25%. Further, 15 rare, 2 vulnerable species and one Collecting methods: HC: collected by hand; MT: Malaise species that was supposedly extinct in Flanders have been trap; OBS: observation; PT: pitfall trap; SW: collected by coll ected, along with two species with an insufficiently sweepnet; W iT: window trap; WPT: white pitfall trap; known ecology. The survey also yielded two new species WW1:: white pan trap; YWT: yell ow pan trap. for Flanders and two new species for Belgium. On speci­ men level, non-threatened (thus conm1on) species repre­ Others : UA: University of Antwerp, N.R.: Nature sent over 98% of the fa una (see Fig. 2), but some rare Reserve. species like Chrysotimus jlaviventris and Argyra ilonae appeared fairly abundant too.

Results Species of special faunistic interest

In general Threatened (Red Li st) species, insufficiently known spe­ cies, new species and rare species are discussed below. Table I gives a summary of the coll ected species with information on their abundance, Red List status and - Argyra grata LOEW, 1857 hab itat preference. Red List status in Flanders: 3 - Vulnerable. Near During this 2003 sampling campaign, 26.268 speci­ threatened in GB (FALK & CROSSLEY, 2005). Not threa­ mens of at least 62 species were collected. A relatively tened in DE (BELL STEDT & WAGN ER, 1998). large number of females of the genera Chrysotus and, to a Distribution in Europe: AT, BE, CH, CZ, DE, ES, FR, lesser extent, of Medetera , Teuchophorus and Rhaphium GB, HU, NL, PL, RO, RU-RUC, ?RU-RUE, RU-RUS, could not be identified with absolute certainty. Two RU-RUW, SK (OLEJNICE K, 1997), UA; NAF (PARVU , Medetera males definitely belong to species other 1984). than listed under " Identified species" but their identity Distribution in Belgium: thi s species shows an equal remains unclear. distribution in Wallony (southern Belgium) and Flanders The fauna established in the Voeren region represents (northern Belgium). O ld Flemish records (prior to 1981) 21 .0% of the Belgian, and 23 .8% of the F lemish fauna. mainly originated from the Brussels region (Foret de This rather low number is only in part explained by the So ignes - Zonienwoud). More recent localities ( 1981- fact that only forest habitats - that are usually rather 1997) are mainly situated in West- and Oost-Vlaanderen, species poor - were involved in this survey. Indeed, most and Limburg with th e " Mandelhoek" nature reserve as Achalcus, Campsicnemus and Chrysotus species and a th e northwesternmost locality. considerable number of Dolichopus and Hercostomus New records: ANTWE RPEN: Ranst, Muizenbos, I ~ ' speci es prefer open habitats. A Malaise trap in a humid 26.vii.2001 , WWT; Ranst, Zevenbergen, 1 ~ ' 26.v ii .2001 , woodland site in Wijnendalebos (Torhout-Ichtegem, YWT, al l leg. UA; LIMBURG: Wimmertingen, Oude West-Vlaanderen, Belgium) yielded 42 species (POLL ET Mombeek, I ~ ' 17.vii-5.viii.1997, YWT, leg. KB IN ; 294 Marc POLLET, Wouter DEKONtNCK & Patrick GROOT AERT I I

Table I - List of Dolichopodid species from 15 sampling sites in the subregion of Voeren (prov. Limburg, Belgium) as coll ected with Malaise traps, wh ite pan traps and pitfall traps during 2003, with information on habitat affinity, Red List category and the number of specimens gathered. Red List category according to POLLET (2000), except for " NvB" and " NvV".

Dolichopodid species habitat affinity Red List category no specimens Argyra argentina (Meigen, 1824) marshlands vZ - Fairly rare I Argyra diaphana (Fabricius, 1775) forests N - Safe/Low risk 3 Argyra grata Loew, 1857b forests 3 - Vulnerable 73 Argyra ilonae Gosseries, 1988 forests Z - Rare 86 Argyra leucocephala (Meigen, 1824) eurytopic N - Safe/Low risk I Campsicnemus curvipes (Fallen,.J 823) eurytopic N - Safe/Low risk 3 Campsicnemus scambus (Fallen, 1823) eurytopic N - Safe/Low risk I C/uy sotimus jlaviventris (von Roser, 1840) forests Z- Rare Ill Ch1ysotimus molliculus (Fallen, 1823) eurytopic N - Safe/Low risk 93 Chrysotus blepharosceles Kowarz, 1874 grasslands N - Safe/Low risk 681 Cluysotus cilipes Meigen, 1824 grasslands N - Safe/Low risk 26 Cluysotus femora/us Zetterstedt, 1843 heathlands & mooRs N - Safe/Low risk I Cluysotus gramineus (Fall en, 1823) eurytopic N - Safe/Low risk 3989 Ch1ysotus neglectus (Wiedemann, 18 17) eurytopic N - Safe/Low risk 59 kerteszi Lichtwardt, 1902b habitat unknown ? - Insufficiently known 10 Dolichopus brevipennis Meigen, 1824 eurytopic N - Safe/Low risk I Dolichopus claviger Stannius, 1831 fo rests N - Safe/Low risk 29 Dolichopus festivus Haliday, 1832 forests I marshlands N - Safe/Low risk I Dolichopus griseipennis Stannius, 1831 habitat unknown vZ - Fairly rare 9 Dolichopus latilimbatus Macquart, 1827 riparian habitats N - SafefLow risk 5 Dolichopus nigricornis Meigen, 1824 forests N - Safe/Low risk 122 Dolichopus plumipes (Scopoli, 1763) eurytopic N - Safe/Low risk 14 Dolichopus popularis Wiedema1m, 1817 forests N - Safe/Low risk 3886 Dolichopus signatus Meigen, 1824 forests N - Safe/Low risk 24 Dolichopus signifer Haliday, 1838 marshlands Z - Rare I Dolichopus subpenna.tus Assis Fonseca, 1976 marshlands N - Safe/Low risk 28 Dolichopus trivia/is Haliday, 1832 forests N - Safe/Low risk 1206 Dolichopus ungulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) eurytopic N - Safe/Low risk 10196 Dolichopus urbanus Meigen, 1824 marshlands vZ - Fairly rare I Dolichopus wahlbergi Zetterstedt, 1843 forests N - Safe/Low risk 18 Gymnopternus brevicornis (Staeger, 1842) forests N - Safe/Low risk 563 Gymnopternus celer (Meigen, 1824) forests I riparian habitats N - Safe/Low risk I Gymnopternus cupreus (Fallen, 1823) forests N - Safe/Low risk 16 Hercostomus argentifrons Oldenberg, 1916 habitat unknown NvB- New for Belgium 3 Hercostomus praeceps Loew, 1869a reedmarshes vZ - Fairly rare 7 Hercostomus vivax (Loew, 1857b) habitat unknown NvV- New for Flanders I Medetera abstrusa Thuneberg, 1955 tree trunks vZ - Fairly rare I Medetera dendrobaena Kowarz, 1877 eurytopic N - Safe/Low risk 12 Medetera impigra Collin, 1941 tree h1.mks vZ - Fairly rare 2 Medetera jacula (Fallen, 1823) eurytopic N - Safe!Low risk 50 Medetera pallipes (Zetterstedt, 1843) tree trunks N - Safe/Low risk 56 Medetera saxatilis Collin, 1941 eurytopic N - Safe/Low risk 4 Medetera tristis (Zetterstedt, 1838) tree trunks ? - Insufficiently known 2 Meigen, 1824 eurytopic N - Safe/Low risk 32 Medetera unisetosa Collin, 1941 habitat unknown NvB - New for Belgium I Neurigona erichsoni (Zetterstedt, 1843) forests NvV - New for Flanders 6 (Fallen, 1823) forests 0 - Extinct in the wild 3 (Fabricius, 1781) forests N - Safe/Low risk 115 Poecilobothrus nobilitatus (Linnaeus, 1767) eurytopic N - Safe/Low risk 19 Rhaphium appendiculatum Zetterstedt, 1849 forests N - Safe/Low risk 4 Rhaphium caliginosum Meigen, 1824 eurytopic N - Safe/Low risk 2 Rhaphium commune (Meigen, 1824) forests 3 - Vulnerable 74 Rhaphium crassipes (Meigen, 1824) forests N - Safe/Low ri sk 18 Rhaphium ensicorne Meigen, 1824 forests Z - Rare 9 Sciapus platypterus (Fabricius, 1805) forests N - Safe/Low ri sk 4107 Sybistroma obscure/hun (Fall en, 1823) forests N - Safe/Low risk 54 bipartitus (Loew, l850a) rotholes I sapruns in trees zZ - Ve1y rare I System1.s· pallipes (von Roser, 1840) rotholes I sapruns in trees zZ - Very rare I Teuchophorus nigricosta (von Roser, 1840) forests vZ - Fairly rare 39 Teuchophorus simplex Mik, 1880 forests Z- Rare I Tlvy pticus tarsalis Parent, 1932 habitat unknown Z- Rare 3 Xanthochlorus tenellus (Wiedemann, 1817) eurytopic N - Safe/Low ri sk 16 Total no of species 62 Total no of identified specimens 25902 Afforestation: Case study " Voeren": Dolichopodidae I I 295

Species 1.1'Yo Specimens \ ~ ~ - 05'Yo 0 . 6'Yo ~V Q.04'Yo 5% • Threatened D Rare mInsufficiently known fSI New to Flanders/Belgium 0 Not threatened 98'Yo

Fig. 2 - Distribution of species and specimens over Red List categories. Threatened = categories: Extinct in Flanders + Criticall y endangered + Endangered; Rare= categories: Very rare + Rare + Fairly rare; Not threatened= categorie Safe/At low risk.

OOST-VLAANDEREN: Aalst, Het Osbroek NR, I ~ . probably with a requirement for pools or streams" . In 6.vii.2000, SW, leg. Marc Pollet; Denderleeuw, De Wallony, it is also found in rich riparian vegetations along Molenbeekmeersen NR, I 6, 15-29.vi .2002, MT, leg. rivers. WooD (1913) collected this species under over­ Joost Mertens; Denderleeuw, De Wellemeersen NR, hanging shrubs in a rocky river bed, whereas ALLEN 1 ~ . 20-27.vii .2002, MT, leg. Eric De Tre; Ename, Bos (I 991) found it along a muddy, canopied forest path. t'Ename, 1 6 , 24.vi.1994, SW, leg. Marc Pollet; 1 ~ . 15- COLLART (I 935) recorded it from the Leopold park close 29.vii.2001 , WWT, leg. KBIN; 1 ~ . 26.vi-IO.vii . l 994, to the KBIN buildings in the centre ofBrussels. A. grata is PT, leg. Konjev Desender & Jean-Pierre Maelfait; I ~ . often collected together with A. atriceps, which suggests 4.vii.2000, SW, leg. Marc Pollet; Geraardsbergen, that both species might have similar ecological demands. Boelarebos, 1 6 , 16.vi.2001 , WWT; Geraardsbergen, Remarks: recent sampling revealed that this species is Raspaillebos, 3 ~ . 27.vii.200 I, YWT, all leg. UA; more widespread than earli er data indicated. At present it Gontrode, Aelmoes, I ~ . 17-30.vii . I997, YWT; Parike, is known from all Flemish provinces. Parikebos, 3 ~ . l-29.vii. I997, WWT; 2 ~ . 15-29.vii.1 997, YWT; Schorisse, BosTer Rijst, 2 ~ . l-15.vii.l997, YWT, - Argyra ilonae GOSS ERI ES, 1988 all leg. KBIN; St-Martens-Latem, Latemse Meersen NR, Red li st status in Flanders: Z - Rare. Not threatened in 43 6 28 ~ , 30.v-I.viii .l999, MT; 5 ~ , 21.vi-28.vii.1999, GB and DE. PT; 12 ~ . 4.vi-28.vii.1999, YWT, all leg. KBIN; Wach­ Distribution in Europe: AT, ?BA, BE (POLLET, 2000), tebeke, Provinciaal dome in Puyenbroek, I ~ . 27. vii .2001, CH (POLLINI & POLLET, 1998), cz (OLEJNI CEK, 1985), YWT, leg. UA; VLAAMS BRABANT: Hoeilaart, DE; DK, FR, GB, ?HR, HU, IT, ?MK, NL, NO (JO NAS­ Zonienwoud, I ~ . 18.vii-l.viii. l997, YWT; WEST­ EN , 1988), PL, RO, RU-RUC, ?RU-RUE, RU-RUS, RU­ VLAANDEREN: Ruiselede, Vorte Bossen, 1 ~ . 20.vi- RUW, SE, ?Sf, SK (OL EJN ICEK, 1997), UA, ?YU; NRE. 4.vii.I997, WWT, all leg. KBIN. Distribution in Belgium: A. ilonae shows an equal Records from Voeren: Sint-Mattens-Voeren, Alten­ distribution in our country. It has been recorded from 5 broek (site VOER05), 3 6 4 ~ . 26.vi-25 .vii.2003, PT; localities in Flanders (or 3% of the sampled UTM 5 km 11 6 19 ~ . 14.vi -7.viii.2003, MT; 2 ~ . 26.vi -7.viii.2003, squares) after 1 981 , in particular from West- and Oost­ WWT; Sint-Pieters-Voeren, Alserbos (site VOER08), VIaanderen. I 6, 14-26.vi.2003, MT; I ~ . 26.vi-ll.vii.2003, WWT; New records: ANTWERPEN: Ranst, Muizenbos, 1 ~ . 2 ~ . 26.vi-25 .vii.2003, PT; (site VOER09), I 6, 14- 26.vii.2001 , WWT, leg. UA; LIMBURG: Nieuwenho­ 26.vi.2003, MT; (site VOERI2), 1 ~ . ll-25.vii.2003, ven, 2 6, l.vi-l.vii.I999, MT, leg. Luc Crevecoeur; PT; (site VOERI3), 1 6 23 ~ . 14.vi-7.viii.2003, PT; (site OOST-VLAANDEREN: Aalst, Het Osbroek NR, 24 6 VOER14), 4 ~ . 26.vi-25 .vii .2003, PT. 10 ~ . 3.vi.2002-28.vi.2003, MT, leg. Peter Tolleneer; Ecology: A. grata is a species of humid and cool, Denderleeuw, De Molenbeekmeersen NR, 9 6, 15.vi- wooded, mesotrophi c to eutrophi c marshlands with pools, 27.vii .2002, MT, leg. Joost Mertens; Ename, Bos and of fairly humid woodlands with fast running streams. t'Ename, I 6 I ~ . 24.vi . I994, SW; 1 ~ . 25 .viii- This description corresponds largely with the findings of 20. ix. l998, WWT, all leg. M arc Pollet; 1 6 1 ~ . 13- FALK & CR OSSLE Y (2005): " old broadleaved woods, 29.vi.2001 , PT; 16 I ~ . 13.vi-29.vii.2001 , WWT, all 296 Marc POLLET, Wouter DEKONINCK & Patrick GROOTAERT

leg. K.BIN; 2 ~ , 26.vi-31.vii.1994, PT, leg. Konjev De­ 22.viii.2003, MT; (site VOERll), I ~ ' 25.vii-7.viii.2003, sender & Jean-Pierre Maelfait; Geraardsbergen, Boelare­ MT; (site VOER13), 1 o 1 ~ ' 25.vii-22.viii.2003, PT; (site bos, 1 o I ~ ' 16.vi.2001, WWT; 1 c), 13 .vii.2001, YWT, VOER14), I o 5 ~ . ll.vii-22.viii.2003, PT. leg. UA; Neigem, Neigembos, 1 ~ ' 14.vii.2000, SW; Uit­ Ecology: in Belgium, C. jlaviventris has thus far only bergen, Uitbergenbos, 2 ~ ' 10.vii.2000, SW, all1eg. Marc been collected in dry to moderately humid forests and Pollet; VLAAMS BRABANT: Huldenberg (Neerijse), park landscapes on (sandy) loamy soils. It seems to avoid Dijlevallei, 1 ~ ' 16.vi.2001, WWT, leg. UA; Oud-Hever­ habitats on purely sandy soils. Like the related but much lee, Doode Bemde NR, 1 c), 15.vi.2002, SW, leg. Joris more common C. molliculus, this species mainly occurs Menten; WEST-VLAANDEREN: Raversijde, Provin­ in the canopy of trees and large shrubs (JONASSEN, 1985; ciaal Domein Prins Karel, 4 ~ , l.viii-19.ix.l987, MT, ALL EN, 1991 ; 0LEJNICEK & BARTAK, 1996). It is known leg. Guy Haghebaert. from different forest types like birch (EMEIS 1964), beech Records from Voeren: Sint-Martens-Voeren, Alten­ (MEYER & HEYDEMANN, 1990; FELDMANN, 1992), oak broek (site VOER05), 1 o 2 ~ ' 30.v-7.viii.2003, MT; (BANKOWSKA, 1981 ; MEYER & HEYDEMANN, 1990; 0LEJ­ Sint-Pieters-Voeren, A1serbos (site VOER07), 2 c), NICEK & BARTAK, 1996) and lime-hornbeam (BANKOWSKA, 30.v-25.vii.2003, MT; (site VOER08), 14 o 2 ~ ' 30.v- 1989). FELDMANN (1992) showed that C. jlaviventris 1l.vii.2003, MT; (site VOER09), 25 o 11 ~ ' 14.v- clearly prefers beech forest to mixed forest, and to 25.vii.2003, (site VOER11), 22 c) 6 ~ ' 14.v-26.vi.2003, young and mature coniferous forest. MT; (site VOER13), 1 ~ ' 11-25.vii.2003, PT. Remarks: C. jlaviventris has recently (after 1997) been Ecology: like its congeners, A. ilonae is mostly en­ established only in the southeastemmost Flemish pro­ countered in humid to fairly dry, canopied but at the same vinces (Vlaams Brabant, Limburg). time sunny sites where it prefers humid soil and broad­ leaved herbs like Petasites a/bus. - Dolichophorus kerteszi LICHTWARDT, 1902 Remarks: this species too is more widespread as Red list status in Flanders:? - Insufficiently known. proved by the new records. At present it is known from Absent in GB. Endangered (RDB 3) in DE. all Flemish provinces. Distribution in Europe: AT (FRANZ, 1989), BE (POLLET, 2000), CH (POLLINI & POLLET, 1998), CZ, DE, - Chl'ysotimus jlaviventris (voN ROSER, 1840) ES (VENTURA et al., 2002), FR, HU, NL (MEUFFELS, Red list status in Flanders: Z - Rare. Notable in GB. unpubl. data), PL, RO (PARVU, 2002), RU-RUC, RU­ Not threatened in DE. RUW, SK (OLEJNICEK, 1997); EPA, NRE. Distribution in Europe: BE, CH (POLLINI & POLLET, Distribution in Belgium: until I 997 the species had 1998), CZ, DE, DK, FR, GB, HU, LU (POLLET, unpubl. only been recorded from 6 localities in Belgium, 3 of data), NL (MEUFFELS, unpubl. data), NO (JONASSEN, which are situated in Flanders. The most recent localities 1985), PL (BANKOWSKA, 1981 ), RO (PARVU, 1987), were Oedelem and Torhout, both in West-Vlaanderen. ?RU-RUC, ?RU-RUE, ?RU-RUN, ?RU-RUS, ?RU­ New records: ANTWERPEN: Antwerpen, De Kuif­ RUW (PARENT, 1938), SE, SK (OLEJNICEK & ROHACEK, eend NR, I c), 11-18.vi.l988, MT, leg. Luc DeBruyn; 1995). OOST-VLAANDEREN: Beveren-Waas, Natuureduca­ Distribution in Belgium: C. flaviventris seems more tiefCentrum Hofter Saksen, 1 c), 2-9.vii.1993, MT, leg. common in Wallony than in Flanders. Prior to I 981 it CIU"ista Maes. was only recorded from Kapelle-op-den-Bos ( 1922) in Records from Voeren: Sint-Martens-Voeren, Alten­ Flanders. Between 1981 and 1997 additional records broek (site VOER02), 9 c), 30.v-I l.vii.2003, MT; (site originated exclusively from West-Vlaanderen and VOER03), 1 ~ ' 14-26.vi.2003, MT. Vlaams Brabant (Zonienwoud) where it was found in Ecology: very little is known on the ecology of D. only 4 UTM 5 km squares despite intensive surveys in kerteszi. In Belgium it has been collected on tree trunks several forests in West- and Oost-Vlaanderen. or with Malaise traps. As the genus Dolichophorus be­ New records: VLAAMS BRABANT: Hoeilaart, longs to the subfamily which includes pre­ Zonienwoud, 2 ~ ' YWT; 2 c), WWT, all 17.vi- dominantly arboreal genera like Medetera and Systenus, 3.vii.l997, leg. K.BIN. it is very likely that at least part of its life history takes Records from Voeren: Sint-Martens-Voeren, Alten­ place on trees as well. It is active from the end of May till broek (site VOEROl ), 1 0 3 ~ ' I4.vi-25.vii.2003, PT; the begi1ming of August. I 7 o 2 I ~ ' I4.vi-22.viii.2003, MT; 2 c I 1 ~ ' 26.vi- Remarks: at present the s pecies only seems to lack in 22.viii.2003; (site VOER02), I ~ ' 26.vi- 1l.vii.2003, Vlaams Brabant, but there are no clear indications that it PT; (site VOER03), I 0, 26.vi-1l.vii.2003, MT; (site does not occur there. VOER04), 7 ~ , 1 I.vii-19.ix.2003, MT; (site VOER05), 2 ~ ' 1l.vii-7.viii.2003, WWT; 1 0 6 ~ , 26.vi-7.viii.2003, - Do!ichopus signifer HALIDAY, I838 MT; I c), 7-22.viii.2003, PT; Sint-Pieters-Voeren, Alser­ Red List status in Flanders: Z - Rare. Nationally scarce bos (site VOER07), 4 c) 5 ~ ' 26.vi-7.viii.2003, MT; in GB. Endangered (RDB 3) in DE. 7 ~ , 14.vi-7.viii.2003, WWT; (site VOER08), I 0, ll- Distribution in Europe: AT, BE (POLLET, 2000), BG, 25.vii.2003, MT; (site VOER09), 2 o 2 ~ . ll.vii- CH (POLLINI & POLLET, 1998), CZ, DE (BEL LSTEDT et al. , 7.viii.2003, WWT; (site VOER09), 5 " 2 ~ ' ll.vii- 1999), ES, FR, GB, GR, GR-AEG (DYTE, unpubl. data), Afforestation: Case study " Voeren" : Dolichopodidae 297

HU, IE, IT, NL (MEUFFELS, unpubl. data), NO (JONASSEN, (STARK & POLL ET, 1993) and along saline ri vers like the unpubl. data), PL (BANKOWSKA, 1989), PT-AZO, RO, Saale in Germany (POLLET, pers. obs.). RU-RUC, SE, SK (OLEJNI CE K, 1997), UA (GRICHA NOV, Remarks: although this species seems more wide­ unpubl. data); EPA, NRE (OLEJNICE K & YADGARI , 1993), spread than previously assumed - as shown by the addi­ NAF. tional records from Antwerpen and Limburg-, it remains Distribution in Belgium: until 1997 appeared this most common in the westernmost provinces West- and species confined in Belgium to the provinces West- and Oost-Vlaanderen. Pm1icularly in brackish grassland and Oost-Vlaanderen, with only one single pre-1981 record saltmarsh habitats, it is often found in large mm1bers. The (De Panne, 1931 ). It has been coll ected in 7 UTM 5 km specimen collected in the forest in Teuven is clearly an squares in Flanders in the period 1.9.8 1-1997. occasional migrant as it is not at all typical for this kind of New records: ANTWERPEN: Brasschaat, Het Groot habitat. Schietveld, 1 r3 1 ~ . 12-l8.vii. l993, YWT, leg. Luc De Bruyn; Brasschaat, tuin Verheyen, 1 ~ . 1-31. v .1 997, - Hercostomus argentifi··ons OLD ENBERG, 1916 YWT, leg. Verheyen; Linkeroever, tuin B. Viskens, 1 ~ . Status: First record for Belgium! Absent in GB and DE. 1-3l.v. 1997, YWT, leg. B. Viskens; Mortsel, Fort III, Distribution in Europe: FR (only Alps and Pyrenees, 1 (S , 1-3l.v.1997, YWT, leg. B. De Boey; LIMBURG: BECKER, 1917-1918; PARENT, 1938), IT, SE (GRICHANOV Beringen, langs Albe11kanaal, I ~ . 22.vi-22.vii.l997, & DAN IELSSON, 2001). YWT, leg. Nobby Thys; OOST-VLAANDEREN: Records from Voeren: Sint-Martens-Voeren, Alten­ Denderleeuw, De Wellemeersen NR, 5 (S , 18.v.2002, broek (site VOEROI), I (S , 26.vi-1l.vii.2003, MT; (site SW, leg. Marc Pollet & Anja De Braekeleer; Kalken, VOER05), 1 (S , 30.v-14.vi.2003, MT; Sint-Pieters-Voe­ Oude Schelde-arm, I r3 1 ~ . 3l.v-15.vi.1997, WWT, leg. ren, Alserbos (site VOER09), I (S , 30.v-14.vi.2003, MT. Michel Van Malderen; Lokeren, De Daknamse Meersen, Ecology: information on the ecology of this species is 1 (S, 4-19.v.2000, WWT, leg. KBIN; Lokeren, Mols­ totally lacking in the literature, due to its extreme rarity. bergen NR, 1 ~ . 27.iv-10.v.1999, WWT, leg. KBIN; Phylogenetically it is closely related to H. nigrilamella­ Petegem-aan-de-Schelde, De Langemeersen NR, I ~ . tus, the larvae of which are assumed to breed in rotholes 6.vii .l997, SW, leg. Marc Pollet; St-Jan-in-Eremo, l r3 of trees (VAILLANT, 1978; JONASSEN, 1985). 3 ~ . 16-3l.v.1997, WWT, leg. G. Bonamie; St-Jan-in­ Remarks: no conclusions can be drawn about the Eremo, Boerekreek, 1 ~ . 24.viii-7.ix.2000, PT, leg. habitat affinity of this species due to the restricted number KBIN; 1 (S , 1-15.v.1997, WWT, leg. G. Bonamie; St­ of specimens collected in both an ancient forest, a plan­ Jan-in-Eremo, Roeselarepolder, l r3 1 ~ . 13 .v- l.vi.2000, tation (close to an old growth forest) and an afforested WWT, leg. KBIN; St-Martens-Latem, Latemse Meersen birch site. The discovery of this extremely rare species in NR, I r3 I ~ . 17.vii-15.viii.l999, MT; 2 ~ , 6.v-4.vi.l999, (eastern) Belgium remains enj gmatic. H. nigrilamellatus, WWT, leg. KBIN; 1 r3 3 ~ . 20.iv-4.vi.l999, YWT, all leg. first discovered in Belgium in 1994, has more recently KBIN; Uitbergen, 1 ~ . 15-3l.v.1997, WWT, leg. Michel been recorded from 6 other localities (POLLET, unpubl. Van Malderen; Zingem, De Weiput NR, 1 (S , 26.v.I997, data). WWT, leg. Mark Alderweireldt; WEST-VLAANDE­ REN: De Panne, De Westhoek NR, 27 r3 24 ~ . 26.iv- - Hercostomus vivax (LO EW, 1857) 12.x.2000, WPT, leg. Dries Bonte; Merendree, garden Status: First record for Flanders! Absent in GB. Not (l awn), 1 J, 1-31.viii.1997, WWT, leg. G. Bonamie; threatened in DE. Nieuwpo011, De IJzermonding NR, 1 r3 2 ~ . 25.iv- Distribution in Europe: AT, BE, BY, CH, CZ, DE, DK, 12.ix.2003 , WiT, leg. KBIN; 18 (S 11 ~ , 27.iv.2001- EE, ES, FR, HR (Parent, 1938), HU, IT, PL, RO, RU­ 12.ix.2003 , WWT, leg. KBIN; 2 (S 2 ~ , 17.v.2002- RUC, ?RU-RUE, RU-RUW, SK (Olejnicek, 1997), UA; 22.v.2003, PT; 6 r3 5 ~ . 31.v.2002, WWT, both collector EPA. unknown; Uitkerke-Blankenberge, De Uitkerkse Polders Distribution in Belgium: until 1997 this species was NR, 9 r3 6 ~ . 4.v-14.vi.2000, PT; 21 r3 25 ~ . 4.v-l.ix.2000, exclusively known from the southeastern pm1 of the WWT, all leg. KBIN. country with a main distribution in the provinces Liege Record s from Voeren: Teuven, Veursbos (site and Luxembourg. Especiall y in the latter region, it can be VOER15), I ~ . 19.ix-8.x.2003, PT. encountered abundantly along forest paths. Ecology: D. signifer is characteristic for humid grass­ New records: VLAAMS BRABANT: Bierbeek, MDW lands a nd swamps with a short, s parse vegetation and a - Warande, 1 J, 29.vii.2002, SW, leg. Joris Menten muddy soil. It also occurs in dune s lacks and in this (coll ection J. Menten) . respect, it seems to be bound to sandy soil and mi ght Records from Voeren: Sint-Pieters-Voeren, Alserbos even be considered h alophilous. In the other European (site VOER12), 1 ~ . ll-25.vii .2005, WWT. countries, it has been reported from the banks of ponds Ecology: H. viva.;-c is a typical forest-inhabiting species (0LEJNICE K & ROZKOSNY , 1975) and sedge marshl ands with a preference for SLIImy forest paths with a well (BESCHOVSKI , 1967). At the coast, it can b e found along developed herb and shrub layer. In Austria it is especiall y pools (JONASSEN, 1988) and at seeplings on cliffs (GROV E, abundant at 1200-l 300m along wooded edges of moun­ 1990; FALK & CROSSLEY , 2005). In the i nterior, it has tain dirt roads on the leaves ofPetasites (POLL ET, unpubl. been coll ected in vari ous habitats affected by salt mining data). 298 Marc POLLET, Wouter DEKONINCK & Pah·ick GROOTAERT I I

Remarks: this (southern?) species cuiTently seems to has been collected in open rather dJy deciduous forest extend its range towards the north, although future in­ types. Its ecology is otherwise largely unknown. ventories should confirm this assumption. Remarks: this species might show the same range extension as H. vivax, but here too, future inventories - Medetera tristis (ZETTERSTEDT, 1838) should provide more evidence for this statement. Red list status in Flanders: ? - Insufficiently known. Not threatened in GB and DE. - Neurigona pallida (FALL EN, 1823) Dish·ibution in Europe: AT, BE (POLLET, 2000), CH Red list status in Flanders: 0 - [presumed] Extinct in (POLLINI & POLLET, 1998), CZ, DE, DK (POLLET & Flanders. Not threatened in GB and DE. PETERSEN , 2001 ), EE, Fl, FR (PARENT, 1928), GB, Distribution in Europe: AT, BE, BY, CH, CZ (OLEJNI­ HU (WEBER, 1983), NL (MEUFFELS, unpubl. data), NO, CEK, 1987), DE, DK, EE, FI, FR, GB, HU, IE, IT, NL, NO PL (BANKOWSKA, 1989), RU-RUN, ?RU-RUW, SE, SK (JO NA SSEN, unpubl. data), PL, RO, RU-RUC, ?RU-RUE, (OLEJNICEK, 1997); EPA. RU-RUS, RU-RUW, SE, SK (OLEJN!CEK, 1997), UA; Distribution in Belgium: until 1997 the species was EPA. recorded from 4 localities in Flanders and 3 in Wallony. Distribution in Belgium: this species is considerably All 3 Flemish post-1980 localities are situated in West­ more common in Wallony than in Flanders, with its VIaanderen. main distribution in the provinces Liege and Namur. New records: LIMBURG: , Het Stamprooiers­ POLLET (2000) mentioned a 1898 record from Kontich broek NR, 2 6 , 25.iv-2.vi.l996, MT; LIMBURG: (prov. Antwerpen) as the only locality of this species in Nieuwenhoven, 1 6, l-13.vi.1999, MT, all leg. Luc Flanders. Crevecoeur. New records: OOST-VLAANDEREN: Aalst, Osbroek Records from Voeren: Sint-Martens-Voeren, Alten­ N.R. , 3-17.vi.2002, 2 <;? , MT, leg. Peter Tolleneer; LIM­ broek (site VOER04), 1 6 , 30.v-I4.vi.2003, MT; (site BURG: Kinrooi, Het Stamprooiersbroek N.R., 7 <;? , 2.vi­ VOER05), 1 6, 3-17.iv.2003, MT. l.vii.1996; Kleine-Brogel, Blijleven, 1 6 4 <;? , 15.vi­ Ecology: M. tristis seems to show an affinity for d1y l.vii.1995, MT, all leg. Luc Crevecoeur. wooded heathland habitats. It is active from the beginning Records from Voeren: Sint-Martens-Voeren, Alten­ of April until mid June. broek (site VOER01), 14-30.v.2003, 1 <;? ; Sint-Pieters­ Remarks: thus far M. tristis is only recorded from Voeren, Alserbos (site VOER07), 14-30.v.2003, I <;? ; (site West-VIaanderen and Limburg, although it certainly VOER09), 30.v-14.vi.2003, 1 <;? ,all MT. should occur in suitable habitats in Antwerpen as well. Ecologie: N. pallida is a species of humid matme forests and forest edges, and is often found in the vicinity - Medetera unisetosa COLLIN, 194I of fast running streams. Also in other Emopean counh·ies Status: First record for Belgium! Near threatened in seems this species to occur particularly in forests. It has GB. Absent in DE. been established in both deciduous forests (GERSTACKER, Distribution in Europe: GB, SK (OLEJNI CEK, I 997). 1864) and ymmg coniferous stands (FELDMANN, 1992) Records from Voeren: Sint-Ma~iens-Voeren, Alten­ and it has even been collected in tree canopies in sub­ broek (site VOER05), 1 6, ll-25.vii.2003, MT. urban areas in Poland (BANKOWSKA, 1981). Ecology: totally unknown. F ALK & CROSSLEY (2005) Remarks: the new records reveal that the species is, in do not provide information on the ecological demands of fact, not extinct in Flanders, but occurs at present in Oost­ this species. VIaanderen and at 4 different localities in Limburg.

- Neurigona erichsoni (ZETTERSTEDT, 1843) - Rhaphium commune (MEIGEN , 1824) Status: First record for Flanders! Absent in GB. Not Red List status in Flanders: 3 - Vulnerable. Not threa­ threatened in DE. tened in GB and DE. Distribution in Europe: AT (STROBL, 1893), ?BA, BE Distribution in Europe: AT, ?BA, BE, CH (POLLfNI & (POLLET, 2000), CH, CZ, DE, DK, EE, FR, ?HR, HU, POLLET, 1998), CZ, DE, DK, ES (VENTURA et al. , 2002), ?MK, NL, NO (JONASSEN , unpubl. data), PL, RO, RU­ FI, FR, GB, ?HR, HU, IE, IT, LU (POLLET, unpubl. data), RUC, ?RU-RUE, SE, ?SI, SK, UA, ?YU; NRE. ?MK, NL, NO (JONASSEN, unpubl. data), PL, RO, RU­ Distribution in Belgium: until 1997 this species was RUC, ?RU-RUE, RU-RUN, RU-RUS, ?RU-RUW, SE, recorded from only 4 localities in the provinces Liege and ?SI, SK (OLEJNICE K, 1997), UA (NEGROBOV, 1991: Luxembourg. Crimea), ?YU; EPA, NEA, NRE. New records: only from Voeren (see below). Distribution in Belgium: R. commune seems more Records from Voeren: Sint-Martens-Voeren, Alten­ widespread in Wallony than in Flanders. Prior to 1981 , broek (site VOEROl), 2 6 , 25.vii-7.viii.2003, MT; (site this species was mainly known from Oost-Vlaanderen VOER05), 1 6, 26.vi-ll.vii.2003, WWT; 3 6, 11.vii- and Vlaams Brabant, but it has been established more 7.viii.2003, MT. recently in all Flemish provinces . .Between 198 I and Ecology: like other Neurigona species, males of N. 1997 it has been recorded in 9 UTM 5 km squares in erichsoni are mainly found on h·ee trunks, whereas Flanders (= 5% of all sampled squares) and shows a females also occur in the upper herb layer. The species decline of 56%. Afforestation: Case study "Voeren": Dolichopodidae 299

New records: ANTWERPEN: Antwerpen, De Kuif­ apple orchards, CouTURIER, 1970; beech forests, EM EIS, eend NR, 1 ~ . 14-21.v.1988, MT, leg. Luc De Bruyn; 1964). OOST-VLAANDEREN: Aalst, Het Osbroek NR, 1 ~ . Remarks: the numerous records and sometimes high 27.v.2001, HC; 6 ~ , 4.vi.2001, SW, all leg. Marc Pollet abundances of this species observed since 1997 suggest & Anja De Braekeleer; 2 o 1 ~ . l .v-3.vi.2002, WWT; that it is more common than its Red list status indicates. 10 o 2 ~ . 3.vi.2002-21.vi.2003, MT, all leg. Peter Tol­ As a consequence, it should no longer be considered leneer; Denderhoutem, De Diepe Straten, 2 o 3 ~ . threatened. 28.v.2004, SW, leg. Marc Pollet; Denderhoutem, Koekel­ berg 23, I o 3 ~ , 21.v.200 I, HC, leg. Marc Pollet & Anja - Rhaphium ensicorne MEIG EN, 1824 De Braekeleer; 1 o 2 ~ . 25.v.2003, SW, leg. Marc Pollet; Red list status: Z - Rare. Absent in GB. Endangered Denderhoutem, Poplar carr along T~~rlingstraat, 2 o l ~ . (RDB 3) in DE. 5-20.v.2001 , WWT; I o 5 ~ . 25.v.2003, SW, all leg. Marc Distribution in Europe: AT (FRANZ, 1989), BE, CH, CZ Pollet; Denderleeuw, De Molenbeekrneersen NR, 4 o I ~ . (OLEJNICEK, 1987), DE, HU, NL, PL, RO (PARVU, 2002), l.vi-24.viii.2002, MT, leg. Joost Mertens; Denderleeuw, UA (NEGROBOV, 1991 : Chernovtsy region). This species De Wellemeersen NR, 1 o 5 ~ . 18.iv-l4.vi.2003, MT, leg. shows a rather restricted distribution in Europe. Eric De Tre; Ename, Bos t'Ename, I o 9 ~ , 4-24.v.2001, Distribution in Belgium: sampling records until 1997 PT, collector unknown; 4 o 6 ~ . 24.v-29.vi.200 I, PT, leg. indicate that this species is somewhat more frequently KBIN; 2 ~ , 24.vi.1994, SW, leg. Marc Pollet; 36 o 15 ~ , observed in Flanders than in Wallony. It is expected, 5.iv.l998-6.vi.1999, WWT, leg. Marc Pollet; 20 o 4 ~ . 4- however, that R. ensicorne is considerably more common 24.v.2001, WWT, collector unknown; 2 o 2 ~ , 24.v- in the strongly forested southern regions of the country. In 13.vi.2001, WWT, leg. KBIN; I o 13 ~ . 14.v- the latter period, the species seemed confined in Flanders 1O .vii.1994, PT, leg. Konjev Desender & Jean-Pierre to the southern hilly region ofOost-Vlaanderen, known as Maelfait; 6 o 67 ~ . 4.vii.2000, SW, leg. Marc Pollet; "De Vlaamse Ardennen" and the central Foret de Geraardsbergen, Boelarebos, 2 o 5 ~ . 16.vi.200 I, Soignes, were it was recorded from 5 UTM 5 km squares. WWT; 3 o 14 ~ . 16.vi.200 I, YWT; Geraardsbergen, POLLET (2000) assumed that this species reaches the Raspaillebos, 11 o 11 ~ . 16.vi.2001 , WWT; 28 0 48 ~ . northernmost limit of its Belgian distribution range in 16.vi.200l, YWT, all leg. UA; Neigem, Neigembos, 1 o , Flanders. l.vi.2003, SW, leg. Marc Pollet; Sint-Antelinks New records: OOST-VLAANDEREN: Brake!, Brakel­ (Herzele), Duivenbos, 3 ~ , 3l.v-28.vi.2003, YWT, leg. bos, 2 ~ , 14.v-l.vii.l997, WWT; 1 c3' 1 ~ . 14.v-5.vi. I997, Caroline Souffreau; Welle, Poplar carr, 5 0, 5.v- YWT; Ename, Bos t'Ename, 2 0 4 ~ , 24.v-13.vi.2001 , 4.vi.2001 , WWT, leg. Marc Pollet; VLAAMS BRA­ PT, all leg. KBIN; 8 o 4 ~ , 20.iv-24.v.2001, WWT, col­ BANT: Bertem, Koeheide, I ~ . 25.v.2002, OBS; 2 rj, lector unknown; 1 o 7 ~ . 24.v-29.vi.200 1, WWT, leg. 25.v.2002, SW, all leg. Joris Menten; Huldenberg (Neer­ KBIN; 5 ~ . 28.v-10.vii.l994, PT, leg. Konjev Desender ijse), Dijlevallei, 1 ~ . 16.vi.200 I, WWT; 2 ~ . 16.vi.2001, & Jean-Pierre Maelfait; Geraardsbergen, Raspaillebos, YWT, all leg. UA; Oud-Heverlee, Doode Bemde NR, 1 o 2 ~ . 16.vi.2001, YWT, leg. UA. 2 ~ . l .ix.2002, SW, leg. Joris Menten (collection J. Menten). Records from Voeren: Sint-Martens-Voeren, Alten­ Records from Voeren: Sint-Martens-Voeren, Alten­ broek, Kwinten (site VOER06), 1 o 7 ~ . 30.v­ broek (site VOEROl), I ~ . 30.v-14.vi.2003, MT; (site ll.vii.2003, PT; Sint-Pieters-Voeren, Alserbos (site VOER02), 1 ~ ' 30.v-14.vi.2003, WWT; 3 c3' 6 ~ . l.v- VOER12), I ~ . 14-30.v.2003, MT. 26.vi.2003, MT; I c3' 8 ~ , 30.v-26.vi.2003, PT; (site Ecology: R. ensicorne is typical for fairly humid ma­ VOER03), 1 ~ . 30.v-14.vi.2003, MT; (site VOER04), ture forest habitats with a well developed herb layer, and 3 o 3 ~ . 14.v-14.vi.2003, MT; 1 ~ . 30.v-14.vi.2003, PT; for cans in mature deciduous forests. In Bos t'Ename it (site VOER05), 1 o 1 ~ . 30.v.2003-14.vi.2003, MT; Sint­ has been collected fairly abundant in a rather undisturbed Pieters-Voeren, Alserbos (site VOER07), 2 ~ . 14.v- and old growth forest site showing a thick layer of peri­ 14.vi.2003, MT, leg. KBIN; Sint-Pieters-Voeren, Alser­ winkle (Vinca minor). R. ensicorne has been considered bos (site VOER08), 4 o 2 ~ . 14.v-14.vi.2003, MT; as a submontane to montane species (STARK & BAHR­ 6 ~ ' 14.v-1l.vii.2003, PT; (site VOER09), 4 o 5 ~ . l.v- MANN, 1992/3). It has been collected along brooks in 7.viii.2003, MT; (site VOERlO), 1 0 2 ~ . 30.v- forests (CASPERS & WAGN ER, 1982; BELLSTEDT, ] 984; 26.vi.2003, MT; (site VOERII), 3 ~ . 14.v-26.vi.2003, WAGNER, 1982) and in dense herb vegetations in well­ PT; 3 c3' 6 ~ , 14.v-7.viii.2003, MT; (site VOER12), 3 ~ , lit sites (MEUFFELS, 1978). The results of the Voeren 30.v-26.vi.2003, PT; 1 c3', ll-25.vii.2003, WWT; (site sampling campaign seem to confirm the preference of VOER13), 2 ~ ' 30.v-26.vi.2003, PT. R. ensicorne for mah1re forest (site VOER06), although Ecology: R. commune is a typical species of rich its absence in 5 other ancient forest sites remains unex­ riparian vegetations along fast running streams in fairly plained. humid to humid forests, less frequently in park landscapes Remarks: at present no records of R. ensicorne are and on river banl

- Tluypticus tarsalis PARENT, 1932 ensicorne) and humid forests on loamy soils (A rgyra Red list status in Flanders: Z - Rare. Nationally scarce grata, Teuchophorus simplex) was not smprising. As in GB. Not threatened in DE. these species are entirely confined to this type of forests, Distribution in Europe: BE (POLL ET, 2000), GB, NL the scarcity of these habitats explains the rarity of these (MEUFFELS, unpubl. data), NO (JONASSEN, 1988), RU­ stenotopic dolichopodid species. It is evident that RUN, ?RU-RUW, SE (GRICHANOV & DAN IELSSON , (further) habitat fragmentation or destruction might ulti­ 2001). mately lead to theiT local extinction. Distribution in Belgium: this species was discovered in In some s pecies, a strict habitat affinity does not seem 1986 in Lippensgoed-Bulskampveld Provincial Domain the only reason explaining their current rarity estimate. In at Beernem (West-Vlaanderen) for the ftrst time. By 1997 Systenus species and possibly also Hercostomus argenti­ it had been collected in another 5 Flemish localities, frons, larval microhabitats (sapruns and rotholes on tTees) representing 3.6% of the sampled UTM 5 km squares, play an impm1ant role in the retrieval of adults in the mainly in West-Vlaanderen and Limburg. field. Apparently, adults are usually only active in the New records: ANTWERPEN: Antwerpen, De Kuif­ vicinity of these microhabitats, which explains their scar­ eend NR, 2 (j 2 ~ ' 21-28. v.1988, MT, leg. Luc De Bruyn; city in continuous sampling devices like Malaise traps Zevendonk, Sevendonck, 1 (j, 5-20.v.1997, WWT, leg. and pan n·aps. However, dispersal must ultimately take KBIN; LIMBURG: Kinrooi, Het Stamprooiersbroek NR, place to insure the survival of their populations although 2 (j 2 ~ ' 15 . v-16. vi.1996, MT, leg. Luc Crevecoeur; it is assumed that this occurs only during favomable OOST-VLAANDEREN : Lokeren, Molsbergen NR, l ~ ' climatological conditions. In reality, Systenus species 25.v-7.vi.1999, PT, leg. KBIN. might thus be more common than their records s uggest Records from Voeren: Sint-Pieters-Voeren, Alserbos but only a systematic survey and monitoring of the larval (site VOER11), 2 (j 1 ~ ' 1-14.v.2003, WWT. microhabitats might provide the necessary evidence. Of Ecology: typical habitats of T tarsalis range from course, in the light of the protection of these species, rather dry, heath-like grasslands to moderately humid, wounded trees both in and beyond forests should be oligotrophic swamps with a well developed grass vegeta­ maintained. tion. F ALK & CROSSLEY (2005) mention wetl ands of In yet other species, seasonality might be a key factor various kinds. The larval stages of Tluypticus species for their apparent scarcity. In the past, collectors were are known to live as leafminers in grasses (DYTE, 1959, mai nly active during late spring and summer and only 1993). T tarsalis is mainly active in spring (May- mid since the introduction of continuous sampling methods June). have Dolichopodidae been collected at large beyond Remarks: the species is cunently recorded from all this period. The fact that species like Medetera tristis, Flemish provinces except southern Vlaams Brabant, Rhaphium ensicorne and Tl11ypticus tarsalis show a n where it is expected to occur in suitable habitats. activity peak during May and early June might in part explain their rarity. This holds true for the bivoltine Dolichopus signifer as well , with a main activity in Discussion May and a second, smaller generation during August­ October. Despite its relatively poor overall species richness as The present sampling campaign yielded two species demonstrated with the 2003 sampling campaign, the (Hercostomus vivax, Neurigona erichsoni) that were new Voeren region houses a rather hi gh p ercentage of valu­ to F landers but were previously recorded from the south­ able s pecies. It must be admitted that their discovery has ern Wallon provinces of Liege and Luxembourg. The first undoubtedly been facilitated by the profoundness of the species had recently been found in Vlaams Brabant as campaign (coll ecting period from April until October, well. Whether this reflects a recent, northern extension of large scale, different collecting techniques). Neverthe­ their distribution range in Belgium as a consequence of le::;s , a number of th em have not or hardly been recorded global warming is impossi ble to prove as hi storical data from Flanders in !he last 25 years which were th e scene of on Dolichopodidae of the Voeren region are entirely the rhost ihte h s ive d o lle h o [5 o dicl s u · ey evet· cohcluctccl in lacking . H owever, it ect·Laih ly seem s worthw h ile to rho ni- thi s region . Indeed, In this period of ti me 460.966 doli­ tor the e and other southern specie in the near future. chopodid specimens were coll ected and id entified whi ch '! 'P l-11 LIJ fpr 9, 8.&% pf IJ Qo!j '!lopggig f]@ @Y@ f ~g l! @ tfl Q in F l and~ rs (PoLLET, unpubl. data). W hal rhakes c e l"lain s p e c ie s s o ihu ch rat·er than oth e rs ? ckHIHv letlg m tm ts Most impotiantly of all , a number of Do li chopodidae show The authors ar·e grateful to th e Flemi sh Administrat ion of Nature and vet'y high habitat n~ quir€ t11e nt s - which makes them E nv iro nme nt ( A M INA L) fo r the finunc io l s uppu r·t o f t his in venlo r·y, excell ent agents for bio-indication (see POLL ET & and to Mr AI x Zccvanrl , con se rva tor of th e A lsc rbos (Si nt -Pi clcrs­ GROOTAERT, ; PoLLET, 200 1). In thi resped , the di s- Voeren), for nll ow ing_u s to corry out th e sumpl lng campai gn. This 1999 p aper is a j o in t contributi o n o f' lhe Ento m o logy D e pa rtme nt o f the f som e t·ai·e s p ecies o f anc ie nt forests ( luysotimus covet-y o KB,I N <~ n d liP R ese ar~ h Group Terrestri al Ecology of th Gh nt .flaviventris, Neurigona erichsoni, N. pal/ida, Rhaphlum UlliVC I"HIIy . I I 302 Marc POLLET, Wouter DEKONINCK & PatTick GROOTAERT

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