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The Musée De La Visitation in Moulins No. 25 • April 2010 Founded in 1997 and published biannually by the International Commission for Salesian Studies (ICSS) of the Oblates of St. Francis de Sales Foundation of the Visitation Order A Celebration of Visitandine Heritage The Musée de la Visitation in Moulins The town of Moulins (about a two-and-a-half hour drive by car from Lyon) is the site of the third monastery of the Visitation Order to be founded (the first was, of course, Annecy in 1610, and the second, Lyon in 1615). The Moulins foundation was made on 25 August 1616 against incredible odds by Mother Jeanne- Charlotte de Bréchard (1580-1637), one of the first three Visitandines at Annecy. Together with Lyon, it “prepared the way for the expansion of the Order in central France and towards the north and west in the direction of the all-important capital, Paris.”1 It was at Moulins where St. Jane Frances de Chantal (1572-1641), on whose shoulders the entire responsibility for the nascent Order and its prodigious growth rested after the death of St. Francis de Sales (1567-1622), died on 13 December 1641. Today Moulins boasts not only an historic Visitation monastery, but the splendid Musée de la Visitation (Museum of the Visitation), which is devoted to the preservation of the history and cultural patrimony of the Visitation Order, which this year celebrates the 400th anniversary of its foundation. In 1990, the Moulins Visitation seemed destined to close (this was subsequently averted), and a friend of the community, M. Gérard Picaud, promised its superior, Mother Françoise-Bernadette Lara, to preserve in Moulins the memory of the Order’s presence there. For this purpose, M. Picaud was able to secure space in the Musée Bourbonnais that would be dedicated to the Visitation Order in Moulins. With the assistance of a dozen monasteries, M. Picaud assembled 602 objects: possessions and relics of the Visitation’s founders, Francis de Sales and Mother de Chantal; rare books; painting and sculpture; devotional objects; and liturgical vestments. The permanent exhibition, “Regard sur la Visitation” (View of the Visitation), displayed in three galleries of the Musée Figure 1. Musée de la Visitation (Museum of the Visitation), Moulins (France). Bourbonnais, opened on 11 December 1992. Exterior of the 15th-century building that houses the permanent collection. Over time, the collection steadily continued to grow as a The museum is devoted to the preservation of the history and cultural patrimony result of eighty-seven Visitation monasteries, located in nineteen of the Visitation Order, which this year celebrates the 400th anniversary of its foundation. The town of Moulins is the site of the third monastery of the Visitation countries in Europe, the Americas, and Lebanon, agreeing to to be founded (the first was, of course, Annecy in 1610, and the second, Lyon in preserve their artistic heritage in Moulins. The number of objects 1615). The Moulins foundation was made on 25 August 1616 against incredible on deposit presently exceeds 6500 items, which witness to odds by Mother Jeanne-Charlotte de Bréchard (1580-1637), one of the first Visitandine spirituality, community life, and creativity. The rapid Visitandines at Annecy in 1610. It was at Moulins where St. Jane Frances de Chantal (1572-1641), on whose shoulders the entire responsibility for the and considerable expansion of the collection led M. Picaud to nascent order and its prodigious growth rested after the death of St. Francis rethink its conservation and exhibition. de Sales (1567-1622), died on 13 December 1641. 2 ICSS NEWSLETTER Visitation) focused on civic, religious, and popular celebrations held on the occasion of the beatification and canonization of St. Francis de Sales (1661, 1665), St. Jane Frances de Chantal (1751, 1767), and St. Margaret Mary Alacoque (1864, 1920). In 2009, “De fleurs en aiguille: L’art de la broderie chez les visitandines” (Flowers in Needlework: The Art of Embroidery in the Visitation) displayed 300 magnificent works of embroidery executed by Visitandines, such as vestments, antependia, and devotional objects. Each exhibit has been accompanied by a handsomely designed and profusely illustrated full-color catalogue prepared by M. Picaud and his collaborators, Jean Foisselon and Danièle Véron-Denise, and published by the Parisian publishing house of Somogy éditions d’art. For the Order’s fourth centenary in 2010, the Musée de la Visitation will mount the exhibit, “Au coeur de la Visitation: Trésors de la vie monastique en Europe” (At the Heart of the Visitation: Treasures of Monastic Life in Europe), which will highlight the Order’s geographic expansion and cultural influence in light of the museum’s unique collection. Scheduled to open on Friday, 7 May 2010, this exhibit continues through 24 December 2010. In conjunction with the exhibit, there will be regularly scheduled gallery talks by the curators (M. Picaud and M. Foisselon), an international symposium on the art and history of the Visitation (22-23 October 2010), and a series of liturgical celebrations at the Moulins Visitation. = Here space permits us to consider just a few objects from the Musée de la Visitation’s extraordinary collection, which is a veritable feast for the eyes and spirit. For the first time since commencing publication in 1997, the ICSS Newsletter offers in Figure 2. Musée de la Visitation (Museum of the Visitation), Moulins (France). this, its 25th issue, a sampling of works of art in full color on 18th-century staircase in the interior courtyard. pp. 9-12. The context of these objects is the macro-narrative of the 400-year history of the Visitation Order; each object opens a In 2000, the permanent exhibit was expanded to two new window on an episode in this story. galleries, and security was enhanced to make it possible to show a remarkable collection of precious liturgical objects (chalices, I. Embroidered and Painted Emblems for the monstrances, reliquaries, etc.). In January 2005, the Musée Solemnities at Nantes and Marseilles for the Bourbonnais became the Musée de la Visitation, with M. Picaud Beatification and Canonization of St. Francis de Sales as its founding director. Several months later, in May 2005, the association, “Regard sur la Visitation” received the approbation of Embroidered version of the engraved picture of Emblem IV, Una the Holy See through the Pontifical Commission for the Cultural trias praeponderat orbi, c. 1662, from Adrien Gambart, La vie Heritage of the Church. symbolique du bienheureux François de Sales . (Paris, 1664). Installed in buildings of the 15th and 17th centuries that have been modernized to provide for climate control, lighting, and Painted version on cardboard of Emblem XXX, Miscuit utile dulci, security, the Musée de la Visitation’s collection invites visitors to c. 1666, from Adrien Gambart, La vie symbolique du bienheureux enter into the fascinating world of Visitandine monastic life that François de Sales . (Paris, 1664). to date has been relatively unknown. Since 2005, the permanent collection has been displayed in a five-story building, at the place Immediately after Francis’s death in 1622, Mother de Chantal de l’Ancien Palais (Figures 1-3). Beginning in 2007, a major and the Visitation set themselves to promoting the saintly bishop’s thematic exhibit has been annually mounted in the Hôtel cause for canonization. After Jane’s death, this project was taken Demoret (Figure 4). In 2007, “Splendeurs dévoilées: Cinq siècles up by the saint’s great niece, secretary, and biographer, Mother d’art à la Visitation” (Splendors Unveiled: Five Centuries of Art at Françoise-Madeleine de Chaugy (1611-80). Mother de Chaugy the Visitation) featured the museum’s finest and most rare courageously, even heroically, overcame a host of complex issues treasures. In 2008, “Fastes et exubérance pour les saints de la to achieve Francis’s beatification and canonization. Her ardent Visitation” (Ceremonies and Exuberance for the Saints of the promotion of the saint’s cause brought her great suffering, as she ICSS NEWSLETTER 3 incurred the wrath of one of Francis’s successors, Jean d’Arenthon roughly contemporary with the publication of his Life of (bishop of Geneva-Annecy, 1661-95), who had her deposed as St. Francis de Sales in Symbols and that were made specifically for superior at Annecy and banished (she was later exonerated and the solemn celebrations of Francis’s beatification and canonization reinstated) for what he regarded as her overstepping as a woman at Visitation monasteries in Nantes and Marseilles. An emblem is and a religious by her involvement in the matter.2 comprised of three elements: (1) an engraved picture (pictura), Among the many initiatives undertaken by the Visitation (2) a title or motto, and (3) a subscriptio in the form of a short leading up to Francis’s canonization was the publication by the epigram, biblical verse, simple rhymed couplet, or longer passage Second Monastery of Paris (founded in 1626), in the faubourg in prose. Embroidered versions of the engraved pictures of saint-Jacques, of a deluxe folio reference edition of his writings Gambart’s Emblems IV, XXXII, XXXV in the Musée de la enriched, as its title page declares, with “emblems and symbolic Visitation reveal that these engravings (executed by the Flemish figures” (Emblémes & Figures Symboliques). This volume pioneered engraver, Albert Flamen [1620-74; active in Paris from the 1640s]) the emblematic appreciation of the writings of Francis, who has circulated several years in advance of the book’s publication. been described as having an “emblematic habit of mind”3 —an Principally the handiwork of Mother Marie-Agnès d’Andigné de approach that the Visitation thus publicly and officially promoted. Kermagaro (1620-82) of the monastery of Nantes (founded in As the book’s foreword avers, its emblems and symbols are “taken 1630), these embroideries of c.
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