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Committee on Appropriations UNITED STATES SENATE 135Th Anniversary
107th Congress, 2d Session Document No. 13 Committee on Appropriations UNITED STATES SENATE 135th Anniversary 1867–2002 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 2002 ‘‘The legislative control of the purse is the central pil- lar—the central pillar—upon which the constitutional temple of checks and balances and separation of powers rests, and if that pillar is shaken, the temple will fall. It is...central to the fundamental liberty of the Amer- ican people.’’ Senator Robert C. Byrd, Chairman Senate Appropriations Committee United States Senate Committee on Appropriations ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia, TED STEVENS, Alaska, Ranking Chairman THAD COCHRAN, Mississippi ANIEL NOUYE Hawaii D K. I , ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania RNEST OLLINGS South Carolina E F. H , PETE V. DOMENICI, New Mexico ATRICK EAHY Vermont P J. L , CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Missouri OM ARKIN Iowa T H , MITCH MCCONNELL, Kentucky ARBARA IKULSKI Maryland B A. M , CONRAD BURNS, Montana ARRY EID Nevada H R , RICHARD C. SHELBY, Alabama ERB OHL Wisconsin H K , JUDD GREGG, New Hampshire ATTY URRAY Washington P M , ROBERT F. BENNETT, Utah YRON ORGAN North Dakota B L. D , BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, Colorado IANNE EINSTEIN California D F , LARRY CRAIG, Idaho ICHARD URBIN Illinois R J. D , KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas IM OHNSON South Dakota T J , MIKE DEWINE, Ohio MARY L. LANDRIEU, Louisiana JACK REED, Rhode Island TERRENCE E. SAUVAIN, Staff Director CHARLES KIEFFER, Deputy Staff Director STEVEN J. CORTESE, Minority Staff Director V Subcommittee Membership, One Hundred Seventh Congress Senator Byrd, as chairman of the Committee, and Senator Stevens, as ranking minority member of the Committee, are ex officio members of all subcommit- tees of which they are not regular members. -
It's Unfair to the People of This Area for Us To
“It’s unfair to the people of this area for us to collect taxes from our customers to help TVA [Tennessee Valley Authority] sell power at a lower price to their customers.” NEIL SIMPSON, President, Black Hills Power and Light Company 60 Expanding Futures on the Great Plains 4 EXPANDING FUTURES ON THE GREAT PLAINS Black Hills Power and Light continued to expand. The company absorbed smaller utilities. It offered power and transmission services to other areas in collaboration with public power agencies and rural electric cooperatives. But tensions with the rural cooperatives were building over territories and customers. As the federal government began to construct dams and hydroelectric facilities on the Missouri River, company officials scrambled to hold onto Black Hills Power and Light’s market and customers. 61 Expanding Futures on the Great Plains Govenor Peter Norbeck’s plan to build a dam dams on the river would revive the state’s proponents of the public power district bill were and hydroelectric facilities on the Missouri River economy. Their efforts to encourage the federal able to convince legislators that new districts after World War I died for lack of sufficient government to build a series of dams gained were needed to secure the power to be generated demand, but the idea lingered in the minds of momentum in 1943 after spring floods caused by Missouri River hydroelectric plants. The public many policymakers in Pierre and Washington, major damage to downstream communities, power district bill passed in 1950. D.C. After drought, depression and war, South especially Omaha, Nebraska. -
Agrarian Radicals: the United Farmers League of South Dakota
Copyright © 1973 by the South Dakota State Historical Society. All Rights Reserved. Agrarian Radicals: The United Farmers League of South Dakota ALLAN MATHEWS Agricultural recessions have caused distress on several occasions among farmers in South Dakota and have given rise to protest movements that sounded the call for economic justice. The Peoples party, the Nonpartisan League, and the Farmer- Labor party were among these movements. In the 1890s South Dakotans joined the Peoples party and helped elect Populist- Democrat Governor Andrew E. Lee for two terms.* Just prior to World War I fanners joined the reform-minded Nonpartisan League in the search for relief and supported the candidates of the league. This support diminished when Progressive Republi- can Governor Peter Norbeck adopted many of the programs of the league as his own. In the mid-1920s farmers formed the Farmer-Labor party, and soon other reform movements followed. ^ The threat of foreclosure was the main reason for unrest in the 1920s. Farmers had earlier plunged into debt to enlarge their farms as heavy rains produced bumper crops and world markets sustained high prices. Suddenly, about 1924 rains 1. Alan L. Clem, Prairie State Politics-Popular Democracy in South Dakota (Washington, D.C: Public Affairs Press, 1967), pp. 26-27. 2. S. Dak., Bureau of Public Printing, South Dakota Legislative Manual-¡ 919 (Kerre: State PubUshing Company, 1919), p. 412. Copyright © 1973 by the South Dakota State Historical Society. All Rights Reserved. Agrarian Radicals 409 diminished and prices dropped because of world-wide overproduction. Soon banks failed and foreclosure threatened. Governor Warren Green later described the situation as "the most serious [that] has confronted our state in recent history."^ Urging responsible actions, the governor called leading citizens together at Huron to seek solutions to the distress. -
Incredible Gladys Pyle Collection SDSU Archives and Special Collections, Hilton M
South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange Manuscript Archive Finding Aids 3-22-2018 Incredible Gladys Pyle Collection SDSU Archives and Special Collections, Hilton M. Briggs Library Follow this and additional works at: https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/finding_aids-manuscript Recommended Citation SDSU Archives and Special Collections, Hilton M. Briggs Library, "Incredible Gladys Pyle Collection" (2018). Manuscript Archive. 13. https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/finding_aids-manuscript/13 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Finding Aids at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Manuscript Archive by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "Incredible Gladys Pyle" Collection Finding Aid South Dakota State University Archives and Special Collections Briggs Library (SBL) Room 241 Box 2114 1300 North Campus Drive Brookings, SD 57007 Phone: 605-688-5094 Email: [email protected] Collection Summary Identifier MA 20 Title "Incredible Gladys Pyle" collection Creator Jeannette Kinyon and Jean Walz Dates 1918-1987 Extent 0.42 linear feet -- 1 document case, sound recordings Language English Repository South Dakota State University Archives and Special Collections, Hilton M. Briggs Library, Brookings, South Dakota. Access note This collection is open to researchers without restrictions. The materials in the Archives do not circulate and may be used in-house only. Preferred Citation Name of item. The "Incredible Gladys Pyle" collection. MA 20. South Dakota State University Archives and Special Collections, Hilton M. -
Historical Musings: the Contours of South Dakota Political Culture
Copyright © 2004 by the South Dakota State Historical Society. All Rights Reserved. Historical Musings The Contours of South Dakota Political Culture JON LAUCK, JOHN E. MILLER, AND EDWARD HOGAN like other states of the Midwest and Great Plains, South Dakota en- joys a moderate republican political culture, rooted in a belief in the equality of individuals and their ability to work together for the greater good. While similarities among these states abound, differences also persist. The political culture of South Dakota is distinct from that of Minnesota, known historically for its liberal leanings, and that of Wy- oming, known for its conservatism. The political culture of South Da- kota, where Populism originated, is even quite distinct from that of North Dakota, where radical pohtical reforms did not take hold until later. As the editor of the Watertown Public Opinion noted in 1890, the "politics of North Dakota is a product of an entirely different breed of cats."' We aim to sketch some of the influences that shape the broad contours of South Dakota's political culture and, therefore, the prac- tice of politics in the state. These contours, like those of a winding streambed, can change in response to events and trends from without but frequently return to form, or what anthropologist Adam Kuper calls "the authentic, local way of being different."^ The authors wish to thank Dwight Adams, Robert Burns, Loren Carlson, Herb Cheever, Alan Clem, Marshall Damgaard, Dave Danbom. Bill Dougherty, Steven Davis, Frank Den- holm, Gilbert Fite, Erin Hogan Fouberg, Neil Fulton. Doug Hajek, Noel Hamie!, Scott Heidepriem, Stephanie Herseth, Dave Kranz, Howard Lamar, Ted Muenster, George Mc- Govern, Lynwood Oyos, Bill Richardson, Jamison Rounds, RoUyn Samp, and Chuck Wood- ard for their generous comments on tliis essay. -
Closing Time: a Twenty-Five-Year Retrospective on the Life and Death
Copyright © 2009 by the South Dakota State Historical Society. All Rights Reserved. MARSHALL DAMGAARD Closing Time A Twenty-five-Year Retrospective on the Life and Death of the University of South Dakota at Springfield Twenty-five years ago, South Dakota Governor William J. Janklow and the state legislature closed the University of South Dakota at Spring- field and converted it into a minimum-security prison. The closing— contested bitterly in the capitol, the courts, and public meeting halls— climaxed almost a century of continuing debates over the existence of the school.1 The community of Springfield had built much of its identity and economy around the school, and residents mourned the loss. Today, the former campus is the site of Mike Durfee State Prison, but memories of the University of South Dakota at Springfield and the fight to keep it alive remain vivid. To visitors, Springfield seems an unlikely place for controversy. The little town is tucked between the softly undulating tallgrass prairie and the slowly rolling Missouri River. Until the mid-nineteenth cen- tury, the area was the domain of the Yankton Sioux Indians, who, un- der their legendary leader Strike-the-Ree, ceded about 14 million acres between the Missouri and Big Sioux rivers with the Treaty of 1858. That treaty, followed closely by the Homestead Act of 1862, triggered a tor- rent of European immigrants—Czechs, Dutch, English, Germans, Ger- mans from Russia (including Hutterites and Mennonites), Russians, Swedes, Norwegians, Poles, Irish, and Austrians—who settled in what became Bon Homme County, Dakota Territory. The newcomers also included many cold-hardy settlers from Canada, plus empire-building Yankees from New England, who leapfrogged through Ohio, Indiana, 1. -
November 2016 Vol
NOVEMBER 2016 VOL. 17 NO. 7 Co-ops Vote: Ensuring Rural America is Heard P8-9 Manager’s Column Take Pride in Ownership In 1985, JoAnn and I were married. kilowatt-hours to make a community. Together, we purchased a house in East 4th These are the reasons Central Electric goes St in Mitchell and with the help of family the extra mile to help communities invest in and friends, we made several improvements themselves. So far this year, Central Electric has over the next several years. Working helped secure a funding package for a new health together, we took great pride in what was clinic and a new fire truck for the community our first home. While owning a home may of Woonsocket. In addition, we have helped not be for everyone, ownership does matter. the newly formed Mt. Vernon Economic It just seems to make sense that we treat Development Group start an affordable housing things we own with greater care. initiative. In addition, soon the Operation Chances are you probably don’t think Round-Up Board of Trustees will be awarding too often about your ownership role funding for additional community projects. with Central Electric. Every member of Our communities are strong. Think about Central Electric should take pride in the how much greater they can be when we work Ken Schlimgen fact that you are an owner of your electric cooperatively to tackle our future challenges. General Manager cooperative. While at times we take If we act like owners on a consistent basis, we electricity for granted, your cooperative will put even more care and attention into family is working 24 hours a day, 365 days a year our communities, and we will look locally for Electricity is a to make sure you, the member-owners of the co- solutions. -
Patriotic Pageantry: Presidential Visits to South Dakota
Copyright © 2001 by the South Dakota State Historical Society. All Rights Reserved. Patriotic Pageantry: Presidential Visits to South Dakota Harold H. Scbuler outh Dakota citizens came out by the thousands to welcome thirteen presidents from 1899 to 1999. Flags and bunting float- Sed from rooftops and doorways, bands played, and bells rang to mark each gala occasion. Cheering crowds jammed parade routes and strained to catch sight of the president. A hol- iday atmosphere surrounded the visit of William McKinley, the first presidential visitor to the state, when an estimated one hun- dred thousand people gathered in city streets and at railroad depots to see him. The only nineteenth-centur>' president to visit South Dakota, McKinley was also the only president unaccom- panied by the Secret Service. Established in 1865 to investigate rampant counterfeiting, the agency was not charged with pro- tecting the president until after McKinley's assassination in 1901. Throughout the 1900s, presidential visits continued to be awe- inspiring public events, with thirty-six South Dakota cities host- ing at least one president. More than patriotic pageantry for just one man, these visits were also the story of a traveling White House amidst a swirl of Secret Service security, press corps, and politics. William McKinley, 14 October 1899 n the third year of his presidency. William McKinley agreed to visit South Dakota on 14 October 1899 as a part of a mid- Iwestern tour. It may well have been the state's biggest one- day celebration as the president "was met with tlie most enthu- siastic ovation at every point," the Aberdeen Daily Neu)S report- ed. -
CHAPTER I a Pirectorv of Administrative Officers
•Cii^. CHAPTER I A Pirectorv of Administrative Officers \-- •^ /j-j? l--^/- ,S "'• ^• , yj I •. \ J-'. • ^ ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICIALS 155 IN THE OFHCERSV CABINS IN 1937 • Lieutenant Secretary Attorney Slate, Slate state GotemOT Governor of Stale General Treasurer Auditor Alabama.,. Bibb Graves Thomas Knight* Howel^JTurner AlbertA. John Brandon Charles E. McCall Carmichael Arizona .,. v.. R. C. Stanford . None James H. Kerby . Joseph W. Conway Harry M. Moore .\na Frohmiller Cnrl E. Bailey Robert Bailey C. G. Hall .rack Holt Earl Page J. Oscar Humphrey California. Frank F. Merriam George J. Hatfield Frank C. Jordan U.S. Webb Charles G. Johnson Ray L. Riley(l) Teller Ammons Frank J. Hayes George E. Saunders Byron G. Rogers Homer F. Bedford ThoiriEa Arinear Wilbur L. Cross T. Frank Hayes C. John Satti Edward J. Daly Charles C. Swarti Lewis W. Phelps.,. Frank M, Lynch ^ ' Delaware.'. Richvd C. Edsrard _W. Gooch Charles L.Terry, Jr. P. Warren Green Ernest C. James \V. Wise McMullen ' Blackstone Florida. ....... Fred: P. Cone None R. A. Gray Gary D. Landis W. V. Knott Bryan Willis .Georftia E. D. Rivers None John B. Wilson M. J. Yeomans ' GeorgeB. Hamilton Tom B. Wisdom Bar^illa W. Clark Charles C. Gossett Ira H. Masters John W. Taylor Myrtle P. Enking . Harry C. Parsons IlUnoU. Henry Horner ' John Stelle Edward J. Hughes Otto Kerner. John C. Martin Edward J. Barrett Indiana.. M. C. Townsend Henry F. Schricker Augusl G. Mueller Omcr S. Jackson Peter F. Hcin L. F.. Sullivan Iowa. .,•:... N. O. Kraschel John K. Valentine Robert E. O'Brian John H. Mitchell Leo J. -
Introduction 11
10 THE QUESTION IS “WHY?” IntrodUCtion 11 unapproachable, and out-of-touch with regular people. My response was to knock on doors and host Saturday morning coffees at McDonald’s to meet people and hear what they had to say. Over time, the public perception seemed to change, and people met my more relatable side—and then, after earning their trust, allowed me to represent them in Pierre for more than a decade. Every day reminds me of the incredible privilege, security, and opportunities set before me. Once, while serving in the state legislature, there was an abortion debate that went long into the evening. For hours I held firm to my pro-choice stance. When the heated discussion INTRODUCTION ended for the evening, my side lost every one of our proposed amendments, and the bill passed. That night and for years after, many people thanked me for my “courage” in the chamber—a comment that seemed wrong to me. Didn’t I have to face real danger, I thought, in order to express “courage?” Nearing the door on my way out of the state capitol, a uniformed state trooper told me “good evening Representative” and wished me well, just as he did every other lawmaker—no Stanford M. Adelstein remembered that “it was snowing hard on a Saturday matter his or her position on the night’s hot-button issue. Strolling to my car, I was con- morning, and I was looking forward to a quiet weekend. That’s when I received a very sciously aware that there was no need to check it for bombs. -
Download the Conference Program
EXPANDING ECONOMIES in the New Native America South Dakota Indian Business Conference May 18-20, 2015 | The Lodge at Deadwood | Deadwood, SD EXPANDING ECONOMIES in the New Native America South Dakota Indian Business Conference May 18-20, 2015 | Deadwood, SD The South Dakota Indian Business Alliance is pleased to present The bi-annual South Dakota Indian Business Conference is the premier event in South Dakota’s Native economic development field! The 2015 conference, held May 18-20, 2015 at The Lodge at Deadwood in Deadwood, South Dakota, will bring hundreds of Tribal and non-Tribal government and program representatives, practitioners, policy-makers, lenders, educators, nonprofit organizations, foundations, and entrepreneurs together with a focus on building Indian business. In conjunction with the 2015 theme, “Expanding Economies in the New Native America,” this year’s sessions will focus on best practices, successes, and vic- tories in forging Indian business, as well as dilemmas and challenges we con- front in pursuit of that goal. The overall objective of the conference is to share successful models and strategies that foster the development of private Indian business on and off South Dakota’s nine Indian reservations, and to develop policy ideas and action strategies to address the dilemmas. Table of Contents Welcome Message 2 Business Development Model 3 Sponsors & Partners 4 Agenda 5 Day 1 5 Day 2 8 Day 3 12 Speaker Biographies 15 Deadwood Lodge Map 28 Planning Committee 31 MAY 18-20, 2015 DEADWOOD, SOUTH DAKOTA 1 Welcome Message Dear Conference Attendees, On behalf of the South Dakota Indian Business Alliance I would like to welcome you to the 2015 South Dakota Indian Business Conference, themed “Expanding Economies in the New Native America.” We are pleased to present a three-day event packed full of panels and sessions that will encourage us all to keep forging the way for Indian business throughout the state of South Dakota. -
Read Papers Presented at the Conference
The Kaisers Totebag: Fundraising, German-Americans and World War I Richard Muller, M.S.S The Kaiser’s Tote bag: Fundraising, German-Americans and WW I Germans are nothing if not about tradition, loyalty, symbolism and generosity. These traits, while not unique to Germans, German-Americans or any ethnicity for that matter, are examined here in the context of generating financial and moral support for various factions engaged in fighting WW I. Two families, one from South Dakota, one from New York City provide the context for this paper. England and France were using loans and war bonds to pay for their role in the Napoleonic War and WW I. The United States eventually followed suit, when it entered the war. Fundraising to support war is nothing new. Fundraisers have used “Thank you Gifts” to help raise money for decades. In the fundraising business there is an old adage, if it works once, beat it to death. 148 In this case, Frederick III took a page out of his great grandfather’s fundraising playbook noting how Frederick I funded the Napoleonic War of 1813. Then, the Prussian Royal family asked loyal German citizens for their gold (rings, jewelry, dinnerware, etc.) to support the Kaiser’s need for the materials of war. In exchange for their donation, they received an iron ring, following the practice of “a ‘Thank You Gift’ in return for a quality, soon to be appreciated premium.” This was a sort of “Thank you” gift at the time, much like today’s fundraisers offer tote bags and coffee mugs for donations.