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A Preliminary Study on Diversity and Community Structure of Phytoseiid Mites Associated with Medicinal Plants in Selected Locations of Telangana

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A Preliminary Study on Diversity and Community Structure of Phytoseiid Mites Associated with Medicinal Plants in Selected Locations of Telangana Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 974-984 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 02 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1003.124 A Preliminary Study on Diversity and Community Structure of Phytoseiid Mites associated with Medicinal Plants in Selected Locations of Telangana Md. Iftiar Hossain Molla, Priyankar Mondal, Suvash Ch. Bala* and Krishna Karmakar Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal-741252, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT In the present study, an investigation was carried out to explore the K eyw or ds diversity and community structures of phytoseiid mite fauna associated Phytoseiidae, with medicinal plants in four selected locations viz. Ananthagiri, CSIR- Diversity, CIMAP campus, Kotapally and Eturangaram sanctuary situated in Medicinal Plants, Telangana, Southern, Northern and Central agroclimatic zones of Telangana. A total of Community 515 specimens were collected during the present survey belonging to 8 structure, Mite genera and 13 species of which Euseius alstoniae (23%), Amblyseius fauna largoensis (22%), Euseius ovalis (15%), Euseius astrictus (6%) and Article Info Phytoseius kapuri (2%) were the most abundant species. Comparing all the Accepted: survey locations, Eturangaram sanctuary with natural vegetation of 10 February 2021 medicinal plants revealed maximum diversity of species whereas scanty Available Online: vegetation of Ananthagiri hills yielded the least diversity of phytoseiid 10 March 2021 mites. Introduction Telangana State Medicinal Plant Board has implemented various scheme to encourage the Telangana state is a newly formed southern farmers for cultivation of medicinal plants in region state of India, created by bifurcating the farm through subsidies and also train the Andhra Pradesh state on 2nd June 2014. The people for collection of medicinal plants from total geographical area of Telangana state is the forest land for upkeeping the livelihood of 112.07 lakh hectares, of which 23.89 % area is the tribal people and helps in marketing the covered by forest and about 43.20 % area is products (Sivaramana and Kumar, 2018). under cultivation (Bhargavi, 2017). Over 2000 According to the World Health Organization, species of medicinal plants are found in 80% of the population in the developing Telangana state (Singh and Vidyasagar, 2015). countries depends upon the traditional and 974 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 974-984 herbal medicines in their primary healthcare 2004; Gupta and Karmakar, 2011 and Haneef (Pramanik, 2004). Indeed, several modern and Sadanandan 2013). Due to insufficient drugs are manufactured from phytochemicals information available concerning phytoseiid extracted from plants with medicinal mite fauna associated with medicinal plants in importance. Healthy plant material is therefore the state of Telangana, the present essential for maintaining product quality. investigation was carried out to explore the However, both quality and quantity are diversity of phytoseiid mite complex on adversely affected by the damage of medicinal plants found in selected locations of phytophagous insect and mite pests and this state. diseases during their growth and development. Materials and Methods The mites belonging to the family Phytoseiidae (Mesostigmata) and Cheyletidae, Study area Cunaxidae, Stigmaeidae, Bdellidae, Tydeidae, and Anystidae (Prostigmata) are plants Locations for collecting phytoseiid mites inhabiting pro-active predators to soft-bodied associated with medicinal plants from the insects and phytophagous mite pests in agri- three different agro-climatic zones of horticultural crops all over the world. Among Telangana were nominated based on the the entire predatory mite group, phytoseiids availability of required vegetation and also are the most important and commercially because these locations represent overall agro- exploited owing to their high searching climatic features of the respective zones. capacity, good adaptability to a wide Kotapally from Northern Telangana, environmental condition, short life span Eturangaram Sanctuary from Central (1week approx.) and high multiplication Telangana, Ananthagiri and CSIR-CIMAP capability (40-60 off-springs per female) from Southern Telangana were selected for the (Gerson et al., 2003). Under the vision of current investigation (Figure 1). Edagatta sustainable farming, these predators can be forest and nearby localities (18055’40”N, utilised in the biological control and integrated 79049’12”E; 18056’1”N,79048’53”E; pest management strategies against different 18055’58”N,79049’28”E) in Kotapally; forest crop pests. Therefore, it is utterly important to areas near Warangal- Eturangaram road and know about the diversity of various phytoseiid Burgampadu-Eturangaram road (18018’31”N, mite species to employ effective pest 80025’25”E 18018’57”N, 80025’1”E management strategies for cultivated 18018’20”N, 80024’40”E) in Eturangaram medicinal crops. Till now the family sanctuary; vegetations near Vikarabad-Tandur Phytoseiidae contains more than 2,400 species road and birding site (17018’42”N, 77051’5”E; worldwide (Demite et al., 2018) and every 17018’50”N, 77051’58”E) of Ananthagiri hills year new species are being added to this list. forest and medicinal plant garden of CSIR- Faunistic studies on Phytoseiidae of the CIMAP (17025’34”N, 78034’45”E) were country have been explored since the 1960s. selected to collect the specimens of phytoseiid More than 235 species of Phytoseiidae are mites during the present survey. described and reported from India (Karmakar and Gupta, 2014; Pramanik and Karmakar, Collection and preservation of specimens 2016; Karmakar et al., 2017 and Karmakar and Bhowmik, 2018) of which only a few The phytoseiid mite fauna harbouring on species has been reported to be associated different species of medicinal plants as well as with medicinal plants so far (Lahiri et al., medicinally important forest plants were 975 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 974-984 examined by making extensive surveys Type specimens of the collected species are covering different locations of Telangana presented in plate 1. province during February 2020. Phytoseiid mites are generally bigger in size and fast- Statistical analysis moving in nature. To understand the diversity and community They were collected directly from the plant structure of different phytoseiid mite species with the help of fine camel hairbrush (size in selected locations the number of specimens 000) and then preserved in 70% alcohol until for each species was enumerated reflecting the permanent slides were prepared. Besides, a species richness (S) and the following direct beating method was adopted i.e., simply diversity and evenness indices were calculated beating the plant parts over black cardboard based on the formulae provided by Shannon- and the dislodged mites were collected by Weiner (1963)and Simpson (1949): using a single hairbrush. Shannon’s diversity index (H) The mite specimens were preserved in a = ; separate small plastic vial containing 70% alcohol mentioning the name of the host and where the p is the proportion (n/N) of the location. Besides the targeted phytoseiid individuals of one particular species found (n) fauna, the associated phytophagous mite and divided by the total number of individuals soft bodied insects were also collected and found (N), ln is the natural log, Σ is the sum of identified as potential prey for documented the calculations, and s is the number of phytoseiid predators though direct feeding of species. The effective number of species these prey species was not observed during (ENS) of each location was calculated taking present investigation. the exponential of H. Identification of specimens Simpson’s index (D) The specimens were brought to the Acarology = 1− ; laboratory (All India Network Project on Agricultural Acarology), Department of where N stands for the total number of Agricultural Entomology, Bidhan Chandra individuals in a community and n stands for Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal. The the number of individuals of a particular collected mite specimens were poured in a species. Species evenness was calculated from cavity block and mounted on modified Pielou’s evenness index (E) Berlese’s medium for identification. Then the 0 0 slides were dried in an oven at 40 -45 C for 7 Pielou’s evenness index (E) days. = ; The mites were examined with a phase and differential interference contrast microscope where H is Shannon’s diversity index and s is (BX 53, Olympus) and the phytoseiid species the total number of species in the surveyed were identified following the keys provided by area (Pielou, 1975). The coefficient of Chant & McMurty (2007). The specimens similarity between the surveyed locations was collected for the present study are deposited in estimated based on the Sorenson’s coefficient Acarology laboratory of the same institute. (CC) 976 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 974-984 Sorenson’s coefficient (CC) and E=0.83 in comparison to the CSIR- = ; CIMAP which exhibited the indices as 1.65, 5, 0.79 and 0.79 respectively. Compared to the natural vegetation of Kotapally, medicinal Where C is the number of species the two plants sampled in the campus of CSIR- communities have in common, S1 is the total CIMAP are artificially maintained in number of species found in community
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