Cooper Library of the University of California. E

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n 10 7 , Hig h S tre et, Ga r fa x , a N A a n L U C H E O N , T E d ’ 7 1 S t. Gil e s Q X FQ R D . C O F FE , , E R O O M S ,

H C A FAX . I GH S TR E E T. R

P VO ’ if tU ” E sti m a te s i v e n fo r We d d n R e ce ti o n s a r d e n P g i g p , G a n d R i v e r P a r tie B a s , ll S u p p e r s , e tc . 3 ? Gl I I COOPE P LAT E LA S S C TL E R Y E T L E N T O N H I R E . C . 1 R , G , U , , VI SI TO R S should n o t fad to S P A I TI E C I L E S .

P a cke t o f 1 4 P e r m a n e n t Vi e ws imita tio n P a tino t e s ( l y p ), '

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P ublishe rs o f Th e S h l l e m r l e ey M o i a . ’ Th e Bu r n J n s Ta s t r e o e p e y . H o l m a n H u n ’ 1" L f s ig h t o t h e Wo r ld .

Th e O x f o r d o s s e t t i. ‘ ’ Th e B u r n e J n e s Wi n d o ws .

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m u i i m n i ht Ffe ct U e se r es o f ra n sn o a n d o o e s. q , w l g

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XF R V O O D I E W P OS T CARDS .

J P U BL l S H E D . LAT E S T D E S I GN S . U S T

‘ " — R obes O f the U niversity fa ithfully repro duced in co o t he S et of l r . ’ — Davis s R ealistic S eries N ight a nd ra i n e ffect s in

b ue R ea C o o e s 8 fo r 6d . l . l ll typ ,

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Th e B e s t S h i l l in g Vi e w Bo o k.

n o f x f o r d b C 0 . M urra S E t ch i g s O , y . y U ea ch F o r HR T I S T I G S Q U V E N I R S ’ DAVI S S 2 C ornmarke , , t, O xford ° f 1 ® F Q XF Q R D , a t K E E N E S T P me e s . List ' of Oxford P ublications I n c on a l t , pp ica ion.

1 H t : CH CL O CK 1 5, i h 5 reet WAT M AKE R , g ,

‘ R o 5 R owe G L D 9 jE WE L L E R , O SI L VE R SM I TH. O xford 4 M .

S olid Silver S o uven ir Spoon s.

U n ivcrsit 5 ea ch C 6 ea ch. y , / ; ity , /

E na melled i n C olours U 1 0 e a ch C 9 a c n e s e h. iv r ity , / ; ity, / 1 1 5 Hi tr e WATCH CL O C K M AKE R , gh 5 e t, R 5 R owe , 9 GO L D SI L VE RSM I TH ’ , QX t d M 4 ” fO .

Souvenirs of O xford.

S olid G0 “Bf ° ° cb es S olid f Br ooches, n a me l ed in co o urs e l l , with e n a me ed in co o u s h ll l r , wit h ms O f C o le es . ea c . ms f Ar l g o C o e e s. e a c Ar ll g h .

N O . 1035.

Fl a t Sil ver C edar P en cil C ase, Sl iver M es a te]! Boxes! m Sl l ver S o ver eign P urs f ena e ed w ms o f the U n e s o r C o e es 9 ea c . ll ith Ar iv r ity ll g , / h e n a me ed ms o f C o e e s DittO P a n S e W R n a t C nd 3 en a me led ms ll with Ar ll g , , l i ilv r , ith i g , / l with Ar

1 7 ea h 19 ea ch. c of o le e s. / . C l g /

T i o n he L argest and C hoicest Stock of N ovelties n the C u ty. ' C ‘l o 77 Jhe Jsvs

BO AR DIN G E BL S M N STA I H E T ,

le d e : i oa O ord. s a Jﬁ y J , xf

E N GL I SH a n d AM E R IC AN HO M E a n d I T R P N E N AT IO N AL E N SIO N .

R S mokin and Bath ooms. 3 m m . g

1894 '

Cycle House. M ﬂ ﬂ

From £ 1 55. to £2 ros. i r ek P ro pr e t e ss We ly .

Da T erms from 8 to M R JE 5 S . FF R Y v E .

7s. 6d . ’ h o m e b -W ctc r 8 0 I 9 t ”)

SE C O N D E DI TI O N .

X O T a r e

L O N DO N

E . MAR BO R O U GH o . L C , - B i 51 O ld a e E . C , l y , .

HE N R Y GA! E 8: O S N S L td. , , W R I TT E N BY 68 O ld Ba ile E , y , . C .

M AN C H E S E E DW N E N G L lSH T R I , ABE HE YWO O D 8: S O N L , O dha m S tr t l ee .

t l l a bout S ixty I llustra tions

rom C o ri ht P hoto ra hs b f py g g p , y H l 4 n de M essrs. il s (5 S a u rs x r , O fo d, h t h a nd the P o oc rom C o. , L td . , L ondon . B o W. AK R C E 81 . ,

C abin e t M akers,

' ‘ I S an d U pb O I S teI C ,

House Ag en ts.

Higb z C lass Decora tor s.

HE BR O AD O XFO D T , R . a r I m m e n e S h wr o m s o o s . n t During these two ce tu ies g reat? and important I n r o d u cti o n . ﬂ r o a events had been in pr gress t Dorchester , within eight ' HE name of O xford is accepted as pr of its miles of O xford ; even ts which must have e x ercised h inhabita t e t e n s . very great antiquity it . being the Celtic form great inﬂuenc amongst of this district

Of O usen - at a ford , the ford across the water , as It is this early d te that the religious life of the

‘ ’ n - n i O use e O se e O x . o in y , or y , intimating the diocese of ford beg ns Qu ting from Beda s “ O x n a - x . t a H istor e istence of an Island The later name of ford E ccl esia s ic l y , we ﬁnd that in the reign of

O x - o n e ils 6 (though an early one), like the ford of t day , is a King C y g , in the year 34 , the West Saxons were Birinus x departure from its original intention , though not by visited by , who e pressed in the presence of any means inappropriate , and is in agreement with the Pope Honorius his intention to scatter the seeds of the e faith in the rem o te districts where no preacher of the Arms of the City , in which app ars the ox crossing the

6 2 6 8 2 . ford . For two centuries , between and 7, truth had been before When he came into Britain he u O x fordshire had been a frontier country between the ﬁrst visited the West Saxons , and fo nd them the most a x O x utter pagans . H ving determined to attempt their West Sa ons and the Mercians , and ford , itself a conversion he was soo n after rewarded by the conver ville on the border of the Thames , the natural

- o o f K . boundary line between the two great kingd ms , had sion the ing , and subsequently his people At the

' C n e ils O N con sta n t scene baptism of , swald , the King of the orthum been the of struggle , and had belonged y g 8 2 M x . brians acted as his godfather , and together they made alternately to ercia and Wesse In the year 7 , Do rcis x a gift to Birin us of the City of , that it might Egbert of Wesse , having brought Mercia under his O o O become the s e at of a bishopric . ther royal baptisms sway consolidated his p wer , and xford being no , C uthred C wichelm longer a frontier town had peace and made rapid followed in those of King and King , ” ‘ l Birin us 6 0 of C ne i s. 5 , progress . the son y g died in and was

1 1 7532 O XFO R D IL L U S TR AT E D .

H istor o x , y f buried at Dorchester . The inﬂuence and e tent of this him his sight again Falkner in his u x ord shir e : diocese contin ed to incre ase so rapidly under the O f , says There is nothing improbable - Birin us 6 2 th either in there being one Dida , a sub king of the successors of that in 73, on September 4 ,

- b we find a Council was held by Archbishop Theodore at O xfordshire district at this time , or in his uilding ’ wide s - f r . Frides o w x there a nunnery o his daughter , and St Hertf rd , at hich all the Anglo Sa on bishops were ” x B ex N unnery may be thus c o nsidered to date from early in present , e cept ishop Wini , who had been pelled " ” from the bishopric O f Dorchester for S imony ; and in the E ighth Century . 0 O f B This house was re - placed by a foundation for secular 7 5, upon the death ishop Heddi , it was finally “ ” “ v o O f canons and in 1 0 0 some inns were pro ided by determined , by a C uncil the Fathers of the Church , 4 ” x the King for those who sought the benefit of their and the that the great diocese of Wesse ” e too tO b e e h learning and piety . In thes inns , afterwards was large { govern d by a simple bis op , and O x wa s a c n a halls we may reasonably suppo s e we get the earliest fordshire cordi gly ssigned to the See of , o f O o Winchester . The influence O f these stirring events glimpse of the future student life xf rd , although " f ie a t O x o it did not aspire to the collegiate life until s o me cen must have been greatly lt ford , and pr bably M had a direct influenc e upon the establishment O f the turies later when in 1 2 64 Walter de erton transferred , ” Fride sw h a , . ide w o his schol ars from M lden in Surrey , and made his head religious house founded by St , died

0 . o a nd a t O x in 74 Although b th monasteries nunneries quarters ford , thus establishing Merton College e x isted m England earlier than this date there 1 5 reason his students being the ﬁrst to live together in one to believe none e xisted in this district until the building for the purpose of removing th e m from the ’ f S t Frideswi N r 2 o . O . de foundation s unne y , about 7 7 as evil inﬂuences of the crowded t wn Falkner in his O ld the to an document , which shows how church (now the later researches makes the transfer of students be

re- 1 0 0 cathedral) was built in 4 , gives the following in 1 2 94 . narrative O f the orig inal foundation O f the religious

‘ “ O Dida ru K . n e s O f O x house , ing ford , gives the S Fridesw . ide ite to his daughter , St , the most holy 6 T h e S a x o n M o u n d . 1 virgin , and raises there a nunnery for her . William of O x Malmesbury su pplements this acc o unt by a story O f N E of the most striking features of ancient ford , F ride swide 1 n b and one also that cannot fail to attract the being sought marriage y a king , named A i e an e lgar , whose su t she reject d , dedicating her Virginity attention of y p rson in visiting the City to C hrist . Finding her lov er importunate she ﬂies into to - day is that e x traordinary Mound which is passed , w O f O x o R o o the ilds ford , and when he still foll ws her in the N ew ad , upon a ppr aching the City from the h e S strikes him with blindness , but on his re pentance gives railway stations . The Castle , under w os hadow

O XF O R D I L L U S TR AT E D .

- r on the north west side which was protected by rive , so to speak the Mound lies , is said to have been the _ ﬁrst stone building of any importance that O xford had must hav e b ee n at that date a very strong defensive

- an d . N _ fort early at the summit of the Mound is the seen , but this Mound , green fresh as ever to day , x n - r y must have been in e istence nearly two ce turies before entrance to a well oom , made in the reign of Henr

during the latter half of the twelfth century . This the erection of this Castle , in the reign of William the , ls 1 5 Conqueror . It is reputed to have been raised by a o in good state of preservation at the present day “ 8 2 Ajthelﬂmda M ertzia n s it is said to have a depth of feet , the sides being of , Lady of the , who had built a

O 1 0 an d t stones well ﬁtted together , and although without water castle at xford about 9 , although Saxon s one kno n e now within livin memory water was had from the work is yy to hav been erected occasionally during , g tu e well ; the disap earance being caused by the sanitary the previous cen ry , history s ems to substantiate the p ‘ ‘ conclusion that this Mound was the Castle referred drainage system of the City about 4 0 years since . _ to as built by the Lady of the M ercians . As strongly There is every reason to conjecture that for many e d the years previous to the date of the erection of this Mound supporting this view we ﬂ , following passages in ’ ‘ C a ssel l s s zar o E n l a nd 1 0 R R y f g , In 9 , the war the Saxon Kings had a oyal esidence here , within between the two races (Sa x ons and Danes) broke out the precincts of the present gaol . Some early portions

, of the Saxon Chronicle were undoubtedly written during once more and lasted with brief intermission , for ten years ; when the Danes , ﬁnding they were losing the reign of Alfred the Great , as it becomes very full of

sued fo r . os r ground , peace Th e who inhabited Mercia detail in rega d to his wars with the Danes , which w K N were the first to submit . Ed ard , the ing would give the date as the close of the inth Century ’ (who was the son of Alfred the Great) was materially Alfred s death being in 90 1 . The first historical E lfleda O x assisted in these struggles by his warlike sister , , mention of ford is from this Chronicle in the year “ o 1 2 o o the wid w of the Earl of Mercia , who despite her sex , 9 , King Edward to k p ssession of London and

. O x appears to have delighted in war Aided by her ford , after which there are several references to ’ the x brother s troops , she attacked the Welsh , who had births and deaths of Sa on Kings and Princes t ” sided with the Danes , and obliged them to pay tribu e taking place here , and also to several gemots or ” . O x to 1 0 6 to her We may therefore justly conclude that this Councils of the nation being held at ford up 5, e N warlik princess , immediately upon the renewal of the the year before the orman Conquest . Dr . Ingram , o O x war , hurriedly raised this M und for defensive purposes , states that ford was for some time the M etropolis M which with its artiﬁcial defences , probably consisting f of the ercian district , and avourite seat of the Saxon h e x of eart works and ditches surrounding it , cepting . monarchs , as it was afterwards of the Danes

ﬁ re O x ord u b f j g. E lieO xford E wen

‘ ‘ The GO JJ O R I GI N AL

H E R A P O R C E L AI N .

m O xford O ily f ir s.

Fro m h EATBATC H t e o r igin a l in the A shmo e a n M use um l . Fo und a t E xe te r C o llege

I n wo t siz es. 1 H I GH S T R E E T H i ht d , , e s a n 5131 . P rices 5 g , , ”3 a nd P osta e extr g a .

O XF O R D IL L U S TR AT E D .

o Castle , which was given up to her by the y unger Do m e s d a y S u r ve y . a ’ R o O bert D yly , nephew of the builder . King Stephen ' O x a n tTt e of in 1 0 8 c d T , , pursued to ford , besieged the Castle , which was time this Survey 5 whi h was made e o x o O x o succ ssfully defended for ten weeks , after which , the for purp ses of ta ati n , f rd was in a

o . food giving out , surrender took place ; Maud having grievous state of disrepair and dilapidati n e escaped the night b fore the surrender . A vivid Before the Conquest , in the reign of Edward the 2 1 in O x description of the escape is given by Falkner in his Confessor , there. were recorded 7 houses ford , H isl or / o O x ord sﬁ ire the 2 j f , from which following but at Domesday only 43 of these remained inhabited f — : 8 71 61 s . e. extract is taken There was a severe frost , the river 47 being returned as , i , unoccupied or o x and ﬂooded mead ws were hard frozen , and deep snow destroyed . Its e tent probably corres ponded with the the had fallen afterwards and c o vered everything . In the line of walls afterwards built in reign of Henry t dead of night , Maud , with one or two attendant I II . the western wall reaching o the Castle and river , o f N ew knights , slipped out of a postern , and being all of them on the east to the end College Gardens , on the 1 n M clothed white , they escaped the notice of the outposts south running along the back of erton College

o . Alda tes C a . o as they crossed the sn w The surroundings seem G rdens , crossing St , just bel w hrist n m r n k stra gely fa iliar , and it requi res no great effo t of Church Gateway , with the south portio of Pembro e

' b th o imagination to picture the wintry scene , the level College uilt up o n the wall and e n o rth wall cr ssing ’ S mantle of parkling snow , the frozen river and ditches , Corn Market Street at St . Michael s Church between and perhaps a searching wind sweeping o ver the levels the houses of Ship Street and Broad Street , across the

- of the Thames Valley as pitilessly as it does to day . Quadrangle of the O ld Schools until it joined with the a The little party made their way on foot cross the Tower of N ew C o llege . The City was divided then as ‘

- marshes to Bagley Hill , and climbing it came down on o it is to day by the two great cross roads , the p int e e r a t r x f Abingdon , wh re th y found ho ses to carry them to of crossing being known as Qu revo ies or Ca fa o ” l . th C a st e o e . Wallingf rd At a recent visit to _ the the present date writer found that the top is n o w reached by 1 0 0 stone The last entry of O xford in Domesday is very steps stone with wooden casings to each at the top O ( , ) interesting , being that all burgers of xford have are six doorways , where the besieged could build out six common pasture outside the walls , returning d for m woo en protected battlements defensive purposes , shillings and eight pence . This co mon pasture is

. a : such as pouring boiling pitch or oil on to the assailants the present Port Meadow of 4 39 cres . Falkner says At the basement the walls are 9 feet 3 inches in thick It isve ry remarkable that this great tract of common

e - ness . The other ﬁve towers were d molished about land should have esca ped the hands of land grabbers

1 6 8 . 80 0 se 4 for years , and be still serving the same purpo

O XF O R D IL L U S T R AT E D .

- t x . to day as it did in the ime of the Conqueror ; even Christ Church in the Si teenth Century ; a second , St

’ ‘ ’ R D O l to a n n ex o Peter s known as le st ood near the west obert y y , who was so prone mead ws , ( ” . laid no hand upon it . gate , which has been removed within living memory ’ M The King s dues from O xford at this time are also St . ary Magdalen Church is also said to have been ’ 60 the u D O l o the shown to have increased to £ ; having been in b ilt by y y , but it was utside walls of the 2 to the r time o f Edward £ 0 and nine pints of honey . He also City ; the same remark also applies Chu ch of ' a C it fo r o e w v had claim on the y twenty burghers when H lyw ll , the chancel arch of hich is ery early , and w 2 0 the Manor o f Holywell be ing held by him it may very anted , or a further payment of £ from the City h x . as an e empti o n of all citizens from service possibly be attributed to his foundation , alt ough some

in . authorities differ . this It is im portant to ’ Alda te s note that St . Church is said to have 1 0 0 h been restored in the year 4 , the aut ority

T h e An ci e n t C h u r ch e s i M O d. be ng Ingram , in his emorials of xfor The reason why it was not mentioned in Domesday o f th e C i ty . a probably being that it was then attached to St . a tr ies 1 F ri T Qu evo it 5 generally ackn o wledged the ﬁrs t deswide . Some of the sto ne seats or arched stalls f N . o o parish church was built The Chronicles were disc vered early in the ineteenth Century , having

- Abingdon Abbey has record of its building in the been hidden away behind the panel work . Coming a

1 0 . . year 34 , and makes Cnut its founder Domesday little later we ﬁnd the lower part of the tower of St ’ a l O o does not enumerate l the churches in xf rd , but Giles Church , also outside the north gate of the City ,

. 1 1 2 0 mentions several others , St . Mary the Virgin , St dated about , whilst the chancel and nave are one

Frideswide . b . N M . . ichael , St E be , St Peter , and St hundred years later , at which date we lose the orman nd Some of these churches were in a very bad state at this characteristic work , a enter into the Early English t R b er . sa tha t . o N date , as the Chronicle goes on to y style This merging of the orman into the Tran ’ ’ D O l - a o sitio n a l y y on his recovery from danger us sickness period is distinctly shown both in St . Giles evinced his penitence by re- building at his own costs Church and in the Chapter House o f the Cathedral ; e ‘ the parochial churches which w re in ruins both within where , although the entrance is a goo d example of ” N O . . the and on the outside of the walls of xford The St orman doorway , interior is Early English . We ’ ' r h la ter trea t Michael s Church referred to stood at the no th gate , s all of the modern churches in the City , ’ M wa s but a second St . ichael s standing at the south recognising this as a ﬁtting time to close the period “ ” o be gate which was pulled down up n the buildin of . , g that may fairly described as ancient

O XF O R D IL L U S TR AT E D .

o n Ab b the ﬂo r with speaking monuments , and all other O s e e . y y ﬂ ” places with rarities , reliques , etc . The glory of the HI S a Abbey , dating from the s me early period , A bbey , as the Cathedral , only lasted however for three

O x . cannot be omitted from any history of ford 1 . years , for in 545, Henry VIII with his characteristic

It must have had a very imposing appearance , o . P changefulness , transferred the bish pric of St rides e ’ and grew to be v ry wealthy , it bein described as O g wide s , the present Cathedral , and the ruin of sney e E n ma r the envy of all oth r religious houses in ngland and . o i ﬁ r began Its two high t wers , its ﬁne hall , y ” ’ 1 1 2 beyond the seas . In 9 it was built by D O l the e y y and dormitory , its spacious lodgings , its house rected o be re- younger in a m dest style , but ing built in the o for indigent people , who lived upon the ffal that came following century it incre ased so greatly in its grandeur ’ e from the monk s table , its tannery , br wery and bake that it was often made the abiding place of the royal ” house all passed away , there being hardly a single

. visitors to the city It fell into use as a prison in the stone left to show where the great Abbey once stoo d . b days of Wolsey , students eing conﬁned there for The ruins are said to have been largely used by Wolsey

d B . Diocesa n rea ing the ible Marshall in his in building his College (Christ Church). All that is

H isl or ies - , speaking of the Abbey in its early days , says generally known to e x ist to day of its ancient grandeur that “ the estates belonging to it had been returned at is some portion of the altar plate of the Cathedral , the

6 1 0 8 . 2 d. the annual value of £ 54 , equal to about great bell in Tom Tower , and the Cathedral peal of

e . tw lve times the same value at present day The bells . Abbey stood at a short distance from the west end of The story of the foundation of the Abbe y as recorded ’ a n d f . o e St Th mas s Church , had a chap l o such is of great interest , helping us to realize the superstition be 1 2 for ’ grandeur and size as to selected in 54 the . D O l E of the age y y had married an nglishwoman ,

O . Cathedral Church of xford It is described in an old m I . na ed Edith Forne , a previous mistress of Henry , x e fab rick document as a more than ordinary e c llent , and who had given her the M anor of Claydon as a

and not only was it the admiration of the neighbours , dower . She was walking one day in the riverside but foreigners that came to the University for the m eadows that lay outside the walls to the west of the

e - archit cture , which was so exquisite and full of variety R . castle , with her father confessor , alph It was a m of work anship , as carvings , cuttings , pinnacles , o o r spring m rning , and the jays magpies made a great

- . towers , etc , was so taking that out landers were chattering in the branches . The lady asked her a ' invited to come over and t ke draughts of it . o i adviser , who understo d the language of b rds , what N o r it was inside less admirable , the walls being R their noise meant , and alph replied that the seeming o o ad rned with rich han ings , the wind ws with awful e o g birds w re but poor s uls in purgatory , who thus

paintings , the pillars with curious statues and images , expressed their pains . The transition of i deas was

O XFO R D IL L U S TR AT E D.

O the towns and little with the town people . The Friars As they journeyed from London to xford , they at ﬁrst were an entire contrast to these they mingled wandered out of their way like innocent and harmless u O wretches , and being abo t six miles from xford , found with the meanest and poorest , and settled in the most s themselves in a most vast and solitary wood near squalid slum , wearing gowns of serge tied round with '

B . o aldon , with the ﬂoods out and night falling rope . They begged their way from town to t wn , setting up their portable pulpit in market place or Stumbling along in the darkness they came upo n a lonely grange belonging to the Benedictine Monks of village green. But the care and interests of the poor c Abingdon , and humbly kno ked at the door , desiring was not the only object of the Franciscans . They were ’

“ d . a t for Go s love to be given entertainment for the night great promoters of learning , and their presence O xford was signalised by their efforts to enlarge the The monks , judging from their dirty faces , ragged

‘ clothes , and uncouth speech , took them for jesters , sphere of education , and to effect a systematic study of ” ’ and brought them in that they mi ht quaff and shew Austinia n Fria rs wh O x g . o theology The , came to ford l n sport to them But the Friars , looking grave y upo 1 2 68 o about , took a pr minent part in the studies of them said that they were not such kind of people , but e r the students , and b came celeb ated for their success o the servants of God , and pr fessors of an Apostolic in teaching theology and philos o phy . Their discuss1 on s ’ life . They were thereupon vilely spurned and thrust and lectures are said to have attracted crowds of . out of the gate by the disappointed m o nks . They b ’ students , and had such inﬂuence that they ecame part the built their house at back of St . Ebbe s bounded , of the University Course ; so that before the students on the south by Trill Mill Stream , and it lay between m r f were allowed to take a degree a certain n u b e o the south or water gate and a small postern near the ’ ‘ D ispul a tiones a a Auguszin ien ses had to be attended . Their site is at the present time occupied by Wadham castle , through which a road led across the Trill Stream to the Black Friars . Their property and buildings ha d College , where they a ﬁne church of stone from grew so largely by benefactions that at the time of the e Headington Quarries , with the timb r from Shot o ver O Dissolution it was inferior only to sney and St .

. r . . . F r Woods The Dominicans , or Black F iars of St ideswide . In D iocesa n H isl or ies it is stated that o h low Dominic , settled in their h use and churc in , the n O the Franciscans had a large foundatio at xford , with o e a lying mead ws by the Thames , on the w st of Gr m g 1 6 r e a ma niﬁcent church 3 feet in length , a propo tionat O n th . e pound Grandpont Bridge Black Friars . ( ) breadth , and ten cha pels on the north side Wood

. y followed the Grey Friars of St Francis , and the stor says the Friary must have been a pleasant place of their journey to O xford is graphically told by a later i enough , w th the buildings , courts , a pleasant grove of of O writer their own rder , and is quoted by Anth o ny Boteha m ﬁve acres , a garden called , and the orchard ’ W O : ood , the xford Antiquary O r d the e gar en called Paradise , and pities poor Fryers

O XF O R D IL L U S T R AT E D .

o- e who were turned ut nd put to their shifts . The site To wn a n d G o wn Fe u d s . ﬂ R is still called Paradise Square , on which is the ectory ’ HE e House of St . Ebbe s Parish . After the Grey Friars recorded history of these feuds go s back to the e be ginning of the Thirteenth Century ; and it is came the Carmelites or White Friars , whos ﬁrst house o of e n ot o as a c nsequence thes disturbances that , was in Stockwell Street , where Worcester C llege now stands ; but a grander home was soon f o und for them withstanding the Charters that had been given by the o h previous monarchs to the t wn , t at eventually the through the smartness of one of their Friars , named e township becam merely an appanage of the University , Baston , who was attached to the suite of the King as ,

. a t b . a poet He was with Edward I I . the ﬂight from with all its privileges a olished At this date the c m Banno kburn , when the King co mended himself with University was in its infancy , but growing rapidly , n 1 2 0 8 a vow to the Virgin , and on the suggestio of the when , in , a scholar killed a girl and ﬂed from

e O . Carmelit , promised if he left the ﬁeld alive to provide xford An unsuccessful search having been made for

O x the two o - d the White Friars of ford with a better house . He scholar , the citizens seized of his fell w lo gers

afterwards redeemed his pr o mise by presenting to the and hanged them . As a retaliation the scholars O R the rder his royal palace of Beaumont , on the site of the migrated to eading and Cambridge , and Pope o f O north side the present Beaumont Street , near applied an interdict to xford , depriving it of all

R o . Worcester College . The oyal Chapel became the spiritual c mforts After four years an appeal was e Friary Church and had a fair steeple and a peal of bells . made on b half of the citizens to the Papal Legate h This also came down at the Dissolution and the whole in London , who , granting t em absolution , exacted x e palace destroyed e cept the refectory , which was severe penance , and granted privil ges to the University

o x o . converted into a po r house , and eventually demolished at the e pense of the t wn It was ordained that any 1 O u t 6 . o be s b ec in 59 Besides these greater rders of Friars , three student f und in crime should not , j to munici o O a others of less importance had h uses at xford ; the pal authority , but should be handed over to the Ch n ll r U v o ce o . Trinitarians , who had a house utside the East Gate for trial in his Court This privilege the ni er

the P enitentia ria n s the sit . , having a house outside West y frequently avail themselves of at the present day e h Gate and the Crutched Friars , who had a house near Amongst other p nalties t at were also imposed it was

- - - int . n Gra nd o i . p , and later near St Peter the East The enacted that all lodgings should be let for half the ” chapel of Trinitarians , at the East Gate , was used as a usual rent for ten years . These conﬂicts were of ' o f it M e o place Sanctuary , and in the ayor of the City fr quent ccurrence , always producing the same result , o used to attend Mass on his return from Lond n , after the humiliation of the town and acquiring of new ,

v . 1 2 8 taking his election oath at the Exchequer , after which privileges by the Uni ersity In 4 the Corporation he wa s conducted by the citizens to his own house . were compelled to agree to the payment of a heavy

O XF O R D IL L U S TR AT E D .

fine if any citizen we re in future to assault a scholar ; acted up to their w o rds . The town was completely o and the Mayor and Bailiffs were sworn on accepting triumphant hall after hall was burst pen and gutted , f f w o . o fice to preserve all the privileges the University heads were broken , chaplains ere scalped (if we are N o d otwithstanding all precautions these disturbances to believe Wo ), the Blessed Sacrament , which was e in flu continu d , bloodshed frequently taking place even being carried by the Grey Friars as a pacifying ’ n mel . M co tu v within the walls of St ary s Church , until matters ence , was itself treated with . and a good ’

o f . S chol a stica s y o too reached a climax in the riot St Day of man of the scholars , and some of the t wnsmen , ,

- 1 . to t im s w f . 354 The details , which seem us o day so po ere le t dead in the streets But in the midst of ’ o-f o n sible realisation , are best given in Mead Falkner s their triumph misgiving fell up the citizens , and ‘ H iszor o O x ord shire o y f f , from which the f llowing is an order was put forth by the leaders to stop all further x But . o . e tracted Some students were drinking in the attacks on the sch lars the town was deserted , S w ndlestock en ma sse y Inn , near Carfax , and an assault on the the scholars had ﬂed , and a Master of Arts t o landlord led to a tavern brawl , which was carried into sped to Lincoln lay the tale of outrage before the o the streets after the revellers had been ejected . John Bishop . Vengeance was speedy and c mplete ; the ‘ Berefo rd ffi unde r de , the Mayor , a heady and unpopular o cial , town was laid d the greater interdict , and the , ‘ b x h K ordered the ell of Carfa Church to be rung . T is ing took the privileges of both the University and

bell was the recognised tocsin of the townsmen and o s. c , t wn into his own hand The University re eived its c they ﬂo ked together at its summons to do battle with privileges back within a week , and was shortly T the clerks . The Chancellor de Charlton retorted by reinforced by a new Charter . o the Chancellor was ’ ringing the bell of St . Mary s , an equally recognised given the assessment of taxes , the control of the streets , ‘ ‘ declaration of war on the part of the University . Free the assize of bread , beer and wine , the assay of e ﬁghting began in the stre ts during the afternoon , but measures and weights , and , in fact , the general r the days we e short , and darkness stopped hostilities management of municipal affairs . The Mayor was N before much harm was done . ext day the bells were lodged in the Marshalsea ; the Corporation was

rung again , and the fray was resumed on a larger condemned to pay a very heavy sum to the University

. o u a n scale A band of s me hundreds of ro ghs from the by way of indemnity d the Mayor , Bailiffs and sixty

suburbs and country , who had either been invited by of the principal citizens had to attend each year on ’

the o . S cho la stica s s messengers of citizens , or were pr mpted by a St Day a solemn mass , for the repo e of n a d . natural taste for riot looting , broke into the City the slain , at the University Church They were in

. o and carried all before them They b re it is said , an addition to pay at least a penny each as a contribution

- c cca sion a id 0 ill omened black ﬂag , and shouting , Slay , havo , on this s in of poor scholars , and this , ’ o o h smite fast , give good knocks , certainly seem to have humiliating cust m lingered on int the reign of C arles

O XF O R D IL L U S T R AT E D . panorama of the whole of the city and many miles of volume of the previous stores remaining the Com

b mission ers of Edward VI . having committed great the surrounding district can be o tained , the distance re- ﬁ tted O n O . ro und the building b eing 1 70 yards . e of the most destruction at xford He and restored it in

t t 1 60 2 1 6 1 0 . notable and mag niﬁcent pagean s that the Universi y , and in added the east wing The number

O n . has ever witnessed took place in this Library . the of MSS are estimated at about and the printed

1 th 1 8 1 R volumes bound up , nearly besides numberless J , , , 4 day of une 4 the Prince egent , the Emperor of R K o f Y old rare and original c o pies . The second ﬂoor the of ussia , the ing Prussia , the Duke of ork , and , , quadran le is partly used as a Picture Gallery ; and many other royal personages and nobility , to the g

. ne a rlv 2 0 0 contains besides , various models , busts , and curiosities number of , were entertained here by the 1 n University the most magniﬁcent manner . It 1 5 said Many valuable books and manuscripts are exhibited

e . r that the splendour of the fete c o uld on ly be exceeded under glass in the r ading room This Lib ary , by ’ O 1 6 1 0 by imaginary scenes of riental description . The agreement with the Stationers Company in , has had a right to a c o py of every book registered with tables were loaded with elegant plate , the dresses of it the Company since that date , and is one the company were superb , and many of them unique ; o of the ﬁve libraries which receive new publication s as over their c urt dresses and regimentals , all the

who under the Copyright Act . The rooms are open to the princes , noblemen , and gentlemen had received the honorary degree of wore the scarlet Academic public daily , subject to a fee of threepence . robes of that degree .

’

S ch o o l s T o we r . to Bo i d l e a n L ib r a r y . ﬂ N the eastern side of this quadrangle is the gate o f O HE commencement of the history of this world way known as the Tower the Five rders , c 1 6 2 0 e re famed Library is the room over the old Congre built by Thomas Holt , , and car fully a tio n f 1 88 2 x o . g House , at the east end St Mary the faced in at a cost of It is an e tremely x ae Virgin Church , and is attributed to Thomas Cobham , interesting e ample of medi val work , ornamented 1 2 0 r Bishop of Worcester , and dated about 3 . The with pairs of Tuscan , Doric , Ionic , Co inthian , and o oldest porti n of the present building is that over the Composite columns , with a sitting statue of James the

of . his wo rk to . Divinity School , founded by Duke Humphrey o First presenting copies s the University 1 o M Gloucester in 44 5. Sir Thomas B dley , of erton In the tower of this gateway the records of the

College , it is said , found the walls bare , and not a University are kept .

O XF O R D IL L U S T R AT E D .

T h e Di vi n i ty S c h o o l a to this University for their education . During the last s six centuries the rapid growth of the Univer ity , with nt ha s is a magniﬁcent room , built in the Perpendicular style its beautiful buildings and educational adva ages 1 80 mun iﬁ and completed in 4 , principally through the materially altered its features , the result of which has o f o m N cence of Humphrey , Duke Gl ucester , and Tho as been that during the last half of the ineteenth Century tD

. x ma rve llo us . Kemp , Bishop of London The oak work is dated O ford made progress Many things 1 66 1 0 2 O x 9 , and in 7 it was restored , and extra buttresses have contributed to make ford the beautiful City it

- - built on the south side . It had originally very ﬁne is to day , and to give to it that world wide renown as w y stained glass windows , hich were destroyed in the the City of Learning . Add to these things its beaut

i E . i re gn of dward VI , leaving the splendidly gro ned and the beauty of its surroundings , and we cannot — roof its principal feature of beauty , adorned as it is wonder at ﬁnding a present day writer expressing with elaborately carved pendants and shields of arms . himself as Meade Falkner does in his H istory of wa s R O x ord shire This room the scene of the trial of idley and f , recently published That it is the most Latimer when brought before the Commissi o ners to beautiful City in the United Kingdom few unbiassed “ n — answer for their heresies , so o penly maintained by perso s will be found to deny many will say that it — them at O xfo rd here also the House of Commons is the most beautiful in Europe and when to its 1 6 2 u y held its sittings in 5, when driven from London on beauty are added its intellect al facilities , its eas account of the plague ; and during the Civil War it distance from London , and the pleasant associations of t was used as an armoury and storehouse for corn . co nsti u young and healthy life , which have on most vi o ra tin tions a g g inﬂuence , the great increase in its ” 1 80 1 residential population is easily accounted fo r. In the population was and in 1 90 1 it has increased M o dern O x f o r d . 16 to HE recorded history of the City of O x ford has n ow O ne u of the latest developments of its m nicipal life ,

- reached a thousand years . From the earliest O x and one that is unique to the City of ford , is the records it ha sbeen linked together with London recent appointment by its Council of a Committee from

- in its associations with royalty , and at the present time o co its own body , who have p wer to opt other the Charter still provides that the Mayor of the City ’ members from outside the Council , as a Visitors Com O x - b l y mitt h b of ford shall be assistant ut er to the Ma or of ee . T at the vol untary services rendered y this London at the Coronation feast . Kings and princes body are appreciated is abundantly proved by the large have had their palaces , and held their courts and increase of visitors who year by year come under the parliaments here ; and in the present generation our organisation of this C o mmittee (See advertisement of O x ’ royal house has honoured ford by sending their sons Visit o rs Committee).

O O R XF D IL L U S TR AT E D .

e T h a the b eauties of the High . The l ngth of the street e H i gh S tr e e t . 1 e 80 is f et , it being feet wide , and , what is of

m s nd t r 0 y e S pires o f O xfo rd l do e a o w e s ! much greater impor tance in regard to its further Ga rde ns a nd gro v e s ! yo ur prese nce o v e rpowe rs The so be rne ss o f re a so n t in soo th , o vie ; ill , . improvement is that b th the City and University Tra ns fo rme d a nd rushin o n a b o d e xcha n e , g l g , with each other in the present day to enhance its l sl ht m o wn be o ed C a m t o ra n ig y l v , ge W he re S l e r l s s ea ds m st r lin f t i r - t 7 i v t l y i p g e e beaut es by e building in accordance wi h the best P a ce the lo ng a ve n ues o r glide a do w n The st rea m- l ke indin s o f tha t lo r o us characteristics of the street , and in further widening stre et i w g g i — , An ea e r no ice ro b ed m ﬂut te r n o n W g , g g o rds o rt h. v i w w the thor oughfare .

HI S fre , the principal street of the City , has been quently quoted by authors as one of the most

beautiful streets in the world . Sir Walter Scott , 6 Go ve r n m e n t o f th e C i ty . 1 P rovincia l Anl i n il ies writing of it in his g , says , It

be E E N R Y . 1 1 6 1 O cannot denied that the High Street of dinburgh is II , in , granted a Charter to xford , in B exce t the H i h he f the most magniﬁcent in Great ritain , p g the preamble of which pro esses only to con ”

S tr eet o O x ord . The Dail Tel e r a h b f f y g p , in an ﬁrm the li erties which the place had enjoyed

1 8 2 . R article in 7 , says , The visitor here beholds the under Henry I By a new Charter , given by ichard

e E ca n I . O x ﬁnest swe p of street architecture which urope , ford was given the same laws and liberties as F r t . o were enjoyed in London , the Guilds were established , exhibit stately beau y , that same broad to , and the Corporation allowed levy all kinds of taxes curve of colleges , enhanced by many a spire and dome i a a b so dues R h and relieved by a b ckground of rich foliage , is and ic ard also gave the town a Mayor and ” lut l i e . the y without parallel Since the date at which this two Aldermen , and appo nted Mayor to be sub was written two blocks of n ew handsome buildings butler under the Lord Mayor of London at the — e a . . have been erect d , further increasing its beauty the Coron tion Feast By a Charter of Henry III , the E o new xaminati n Schools , which have been built at a Aldermen were increased to four , and the Mayor was n the x cost of and the new fro t to Brasenose required to be presented to the Barons of E chequer ,

i . Colleg e , immediately adjo ning the University Church the same as the Mayor of London . In the time of

. Fortunately for the harmony _ of the buildings , both Edward I II , it is recited in a Charter that all pleas o ut these important works were carried from the , relating to matters real and personal , arising in the “

A. R . . . . designs of Mr T G Jackson , The Schools , town or _ its liberties are to be determined before the

f R - x o . 1 being an excellent e ample English enaissance , and Mayor and Bailiffs Some few years later , in 354 , o the Brasenose front , with its t wer , entrance gateway , occurred that great conﬂict between the University e and ﬁne range of ori l windows , have added much to and town which resulted in an interdict being laid

O XFO R D IL L U S TR AT E D .

l o . which M f up n it , the privileges had been granted to it The ayor and Sheri f are elected annually , the A der o f six were taken away , and a new Charter was granted to men for terms years , and the Councillors retire ’

o e e . the University , giving to that body not only the general by r tation after each three y ars servic management of the municipal affairs , but the entire control of the trade of the town , the Mayor also being n impriso ed , and the Corporation compelled to pay a n c i l Bu i l i n s a M u i pa d g . large indemnity to the University . Sev eral centuries s HI S fi - pa sed by before the Corporation succeeded in fully very ne block has but recently been erected , recovering its privileges and freeing itself from the and was opened with much ceremony by His n K humiliati g penalties that were impos ed upon it . [This Majesty the ing (then the Prince of Wales) on

‘ a l 1 2 th 1 8 . era of its history is de t with more fully under the May , 97 The style of architecture , which is a “ E o heading of Town and Gown It was as combination of lizabethan and Jac bean , is in entire 1 8 8 o o O recent as 5 that the Mayor succeded in freeing acc rd with much of the new w rk in xford , and A t ’ . lda e s e to affords additional beauty to St Stre t , without himself from taking the oath of fealty the University , do in the words swear to keep the liberties and reﬂecting on the beauties of Christ Church , situate just customs of the University . below it . The front elevation is arranged in three c n a C 1 8 portions , the central blo k being carried up above those Under the Mu icip l orporations Act of 35, the

i - d re . C ty Corporate Bo y was modelled It was the n to on either side , and treated more elaborately the front I O 0 , o of this block is divided into three bays , the lower part consist of Mayor , Sheriff Aldermen and 3 C un ill rs v - c o . , the City being di ided into four wards This consisting of three semi circular arches , the centre one 1 86 body lasted until 4 , when the body was named the being the entrance ; those on either side enclosing

- B o . L cal Board , consisting of the Vice Chancellor and windows etween this and the upper windows is a

1 6 o 1 ol n . Mayor , members elected by the Corporati n , 7 by broad scr l running the whole length of the buildi g R 1 . The Assembly oom is over the entrance , shown by the ratepayers , and 5 by the University In the year 1 88 o o 9 , under the Municipal _ Corp rations Act , the the three large mullioned wind ws , ﬂanked by octagonal

- i re . s Council was again constituted , having the powers towers , f nished with capping and vanes The pace

. o o of a City Borough Council conferred upon it It now above the wind ws has a cornice and pen balustrade ,

— - consists of 6Q members one ﬁ fth of whom represent connecting the turrets with an ornamental gable 1 2 the the University the Mayor and Sheriff , Alder adorned with the statue of Queen Victoria and City 6 d 1 2 A c a men , 3 electe representatives of four wards , and rms , and crowning this is an o t gon cupola with elected representatives of the University (three of whom vane . The two other blocks ﬂanking this on each side

- e . h are el cted from their own members as Aldermen) are of four windows of the same semi circular arc es ,

O XFO R D IL L U S TR ATE D . with two fine oriel windows above , and dormers above ings cannot fail to sur prise and gratify the visitor , and ’ h w is a fittin na l e to a day s visit to the City . t ese , each ith three lights , and elaborately finished g fi semi - circular gables ; whilst at the angle over the THE ASSEMBLY R O O M entrance to the Public Library is a larger turret , of t 6 2 e similar design o those in the centre . The whole of the is a fine lofty room , 4 feet by 3 fe t in width , and is ’ Ada te s lni sha m e i n . l work is of C p stone fr o m the designs of M r. situate in the centr of the bu ldi g fronting St ,

. . . Street being immediately over the principal entrance H T Hare , of London , upon whom the work reﬂects , the greatest cre dit . The cost to the City was between The oak panelling , which is a noticeable feature over an d O n e important and valuable the whole of the buildings , harmonises exceedingly well ‘ e o f . , consideration . is that it provides accommodation for the with the style the room An Elizabethan ﬁreplac

1 1 o f n constructed in stone and marble , is set off with an hole of the w rking sta f of the City Council , includi g ’ ﬂi es . o the o c of the Medical and Sanitary Inspectors . It artistic minstrels gallery above it The ro m is

n R o capable of accommodatin about 60 0 pers o ns . Adjoin also i cludes the Sessions Court , with Jury o ms , g the ing a n d opening from this ro o m is the Committee Police Station , and Drill Hall , and even large Public R ’ Library of three floors . oom , and immediately adjacent the Mayor s Parlour in both of w hich the characteristics of the Assembly THE TO W N H AL L R oom has been thoroughly e x hibited by the architect . I S approached by a fine stone staircase int o an arcaded The fireplace in the Mayor ’ s Parlour was saved from r o uppe hall , surrounded by a dad of polished Hopton the old building , and adapted to its new surroundings , wood , stone and marble . The ceiling is vaulted in whilst above it is particularly notice able a fine old piece

, o enriched plaster and the wind ws are ﬁtted with of oak carving .

stained glass containing various coats of arms . O N R 1 1 0 THE C U CIL CHAMBE The Hall itself is a grand room of feet by 55, o y surr unded on three sides by galleries , and at the east has been speciall constructed to accommodate the

end is an orchestra with accommodation for 2 0 0 pe r number of members under the new Corporate Act . It b W llis R formers , and a grand organ y , i , of Camden oad , is excellent in its every detail ; its oak panelling , ’

a 2 0 0 0 . London , furnished at a cost of bout £ , It has windows , ceiling , and strangers gallery all being in been built and decorated in accordance with the best entire accord with the other parts of the building the R b c y sty le of enaissance work , the eauty of the ceiling and comfortable roomy seating ac ommodation for its sixt e in a rti ula rl gall ry fronts b e g p c y noticeable its seating members being very noticeable . The high windows ‘

accommodation is nearly The contrast upon are calculated to show off the beautiful ceiling , and

entering this room after visiting the old College build portraits of man y of the former benefactors of the City . l '

P hoto b H ills dé S aunders O xfor d . y , C o r p u s C h r i sti C o l l e ge . O XFO R D IL L U S TR AT E D .

9 " R . r i a l THE D ILL HALL M a r ty r s M e mo . ﬂ

Immediately under the To wh Hall is a large room of HI S monumental statue of the Decorative style of ° " ' 1 b y c its u t a t th n rth r is re d e . o e n 7 feet 55 feet , whi h as name implies , sed building e c e end of the

- of - w s for drill purposes the Police Force ; hose quarter . . Churchyard of St Mary Magdalen , facing the

o . immediately adj in It is also used for shows and broad thoroughfare of St . Giles . It was designed b y

. A. R . catering for large parties , it giving seating accommoda the late Sir Gilbert Scott , , on the model of the “

0 . e o E o tion for 55 persons There is a larg corrid r adjoin lean r Cross at Walham , and is beautiful both in in 1 0 x . 2 e ing of feet wide , giving separate access from Blue design and _ in e ecution It is 7 fe t height , includ

a - 1 8 1 Boar Street . ing basement of steps , and was erected in 4 , at a cost of T he amount being raised by public

subscription as . a protest against the Tractarian move wa s i ment , which then very v gorous , encountered a T h e P u b l i c L i b r a r y fl great deal of opposition , but was successfully carried h n i hes a . t e c re out The statues and . of Caen stone , is situate at the south corner of the main building . The R that of idley facing Balliol College , Latimer facing approach to this department is by a stone stairway , B . . O n eaumont Street , and Cranmer facing St Giles leading to the principal reading room , capable of allow the north side is the following inscription ’ 2 0 0 o ing readers at one time ; the ladies ro m , and the “ To the o r o f God a n d in a e u co mme mo a o n Gl y , gr t f l r ti Th . e lending department Library , has made rapid o f His se a n s homa s C a n me N cho a s R d e Hu h rv t , T r r , i l i l y, g o n 1 8 L a me P e a e s o f t he C hu ch of E n a nd who n e a h s strides since its peni g in 54 , after a poll of the ti r , r l t r gl , , r t i s o e ded he b od e s to b e b u n ed b e a n ne ss to p t , yi l t ir i r ; ri g wit ratepayers had declared in its favou r. It has a very t he sa cred tr uths whi ch the y ha d a ffi rmed a nd ma i nt a ined fine room on the second floor , which is used as the a ga i n st t he e rro rs of t he C hurch o f R o me ; a n d rejo ici n g re ference department ; and the bas e ment during mn e ha to he m it wa s e n no t o n to b e e e in C h s b ut t t t giv ly li v ri t , ’ the a l so to suffe r fo r His sa ke ; thi s mo n ume n t wa s e rected by months of year is used as a children s reading room , ” “ ub b sc n in h c su o t e ea o f o ur L o d God M D XLI . p li ripti y r r , CCC 8 . . from 5 p . m. to p m , both sexes being admitted under

. a fourteen years of age . This step has been dopted At the same time as the erection of this memorial , ’ x the Martyrs Aisle was added to St . Mary Magdalen e perimentally during the last two winter seasons ,

o e Church adjoining , on the north side in which was , and has pr v d so very successful , at a small cost , '

- that it is improbable it wi ll e ver be dis continued . placed the door of the prison in which they had been c conﬁned , with its lo k and key , the prison having been

demolished in 1 771 .

O XF O R D IL L U S TR AT E D .

th e o e 1 . e height of the spire fr m basement is 97 feet It a magniﬁc nt nav and side aisles , following the line of

- t 1 1 0 re t 1 0 . was erected abou 3 , and built abou 49 it was the earlier chancel The nave consists of seven bays ,

a 1 86 1 e S o t ag in restored in , and recently , it having be n lighted by pacious wind ws , bo h chancel and nave O n found that the pinnacles and statues at the base of the having open timbered roofs . the north side of the

— - re the spire were in a dangerous state , a con—struction was nave is the canopied seat of Vice Chancellor , and . 1 8 6 8 carried out by Mr Jackson during 9 of the spire the stalls occupied by the Heads of Colleges , Doctors e t and decorative work , new ﬁgures b ing added , at a and Proctors . Amongst the many stirring scenes tha

o - total cost of nearly have been witnessed in this church , none pr bably have s been more trag ic , nor produced greater con ternation THE C HAN C E L on amongst those present , than that memorable occa

o o t o sion when Cranmer was brought here to publicly recant is said to owe its f undation Walter Lybert , Provost

o f O 1 - his Protestant o pinions . Having lifted up his hands riel College , 4 35 4 5, who afterwards became ” N I t y h . o in pra er , instead of recanting he boldly repudiated Bishop of orwic is lighted by lofty wind ws “ a all R omish doctrine as being contrary to the truth , reaching almost to the roof , and is still beautiful

. specimen of Fifteenth Century work . It has many old adding , As for the Pope , I refuse him as Antichrist

R Then followed great uproar , the preacher , Dr . Cole , memorial slabs , amongst which is that of Amy obsart , ’ ” ’ ” h . tt w Provost of Eton , shouting stop the heretic s mout of Sir Walter Sco s Kenil orth , who was buried ﬁ at the east end of the Chancel in 1 560 the spot having The great west end wind o w was lled with stained 1 1 B glass in 8 in memor y of Dean Burgon , of been accurately ascertained by Dean urgon , he , in 9 , ’

M . 1 8 bo Chichester , who was formerly Vicar of St . ary s 74 , placed an inscription a ve it , which is to be 1 seen at the f o ot of the altar steps . In 674 Dr . — THE P O R C H . B 0 0 athurst , the Vice Chancellor , gave £ 3 to repair the This magniﬁcent entry from the High Street was - e chancel with black and white marbl , the necessity erected b O for which is said to have been caused by the large y Morgan wen , chaplain to Archbishop Laud

1 6 2 0 . in 37, at a cost of 3 Its twisted columns and number of ro va list burials which took place during the £ a r rich adornments are not only picturesque , but also Civil VV . the th unique , and blend beautifully with character of THE N AVE O building . ver the porch is a statue of the Virgin and

is divided from the chancel by a modern stone screen , o ; Child , which was defaced so n after its erection and

. the b e in nin wa s above which is the organ At , g g of the which made one of the articles of impeachment

reign of Henry VII . , the University , through the benc ag ainst the Archbishop during his Chancellorship of o f factions others , built almost a new church , producing wo the University , it being rded in the indictment as the

O XF O R D IL L U S T R AT E D .

u Scandalous statue of the Virgin Mary with Christ m ch as when ﬁrst erected , with the chapel imme

. 1 6 2 dia tel . in her arms It is recorded , that in 4 , when the y opposite the entrance gateway The inner or o 1 2 1 , new quadrangle , of 7 feet by 55 feet in breadth , Parliamentary tro ps under Lord Saye , were leaving O x h ford they ﬁred off their pistols as they marched and formed by the library on the north , whic was e 1 1 6 n ot 0 b gun in 7 , and was ﬁnished for 4 years , and away up the High Street , and shattered the heads of ’ the Virgin and Child over the do o r of St . Mary s and by the building of the cloister on the western side in ’ 1 n - O ur . O the image of Saviour at All Souls Gateway . They 734 the opposite side are the common room , ’ e would have done more damage but for the urgent and fellows chambers , relieved in the centr by two w N x , . remonstrance of Mr . Alderman i on and others of lofty embattled towers ith pinnacles in Gothic style

- , o the townsmen . The p o rch and the ﬁgures were The very ﬁne sun dial constructed so as to sh w the

u 1 6 . 1 min tes , is dated 53 restored in 865 by the late Sir Gilbert Scott . to 2 0 0 The length of the church the street is nearly THE L IB R AR Y o the feet , it being 54 feet br ad , and the height of nave called the Codrington Library from the founder , roof is 70 feet . Taken altogether it is probably the Colonel Christopher Codrington , Fellow of the College , most beautiful feature of High Street . who was a great benefactor , and bequeathed the sum O ’ O of and books of the value of It is ALL S ULS C LLEGE . 2 0 0 built in the Italian style , is feet long , and contains y Founded by Henr Chichele , afterwards Archbishop with ease over volumes ; it has a gallery on of Canterbury , jointly with King Henry VI . , and styled . - s in three sides , and the ante library has e stained glass , College of the Souls of all the faithful people deceased f a I n o the s me date as the fo undation of the College . at O x ford in the year 1 437. The statues of both the a 2 ddition to 4 busts , cast in bronze , of eminent Fellows King and Archbishop are over the entrance gateway in of the College , there is also a ﬁne statue in marble , by

High Street , and also a canopied niche with a group of . Bacon , of Sir Wm Blackstone , and a statue of Colonel

. h ﬁgures rising from the dead The principal front , of C eere . Codrington , by 2 0 1 n over 5 feet length , has entrance gates to east and THE H L L 1 5 A , west quadrangles , and of two stories , with embattled e 1 2 parapet . It has also a west rn frontage to Catherine begun m 7 9 , has handsome windows representin g 0 “a e Street of about 4 5 feet , with a ﬁne gate y of iron College worthies , and contains a larg picture by Sir '

e . : K work shewing the interior of the inner quadrangl , one Thornhill , The Finding of the Law ing Josiah J ” O x R R r of the prettiest of all the quadrangles of ford . The ending his obe . There are busts of Bisho p H ebe 1 2 b 2 Ar h h l front quadrangle , 4 feet y 7 feet , remains very and chbishop C ic e e , and numerous portraits ,

O XFO R D IL L U S T R AT E D .

I n x r m n t. e . i csta e amongst which are those of Henry VI , Archb shop the a pe , n ar the oof , is a representa n Chichele , , Archbishop Sheldon , Archbishop Vernon , tio of the Last Judgment , and over the Communion n t x Th . e o Colonel Codri g on , and Sir Christopher Wren . Table is represented the Cruciﬁ ion wh le of ki x Geﬂows . the carving was e ecuted by , of London THE C HAP E L Just above the altar are three richly dec o rated panels in is appro ached by a vaulted passage - way at the north relief , by Kemp , the subjects being the Deposition , the

. 0 west corner of the front quadrangle It is feet long o R . o 7 Ent mbment , and the esurrection The ﬁve wind ws 0 wa s 1 2 . by 3 feet broad , and consecrated in Its 44 on each side of the Chapel are in brilliant colours , and w 1 interior was recked in 549 by the visitors of Edward add much to the beauty of the building . The large

. e - VI , and its b autiful reredos destroyed . west window o f coloured glass in the ante chapel is by B 1 66 1 1 e N R etween 4 and 7 5, in the sev ral restorations , Hardman . The oli me Tangere of aphael . ’ the open roof was converted int o a ﬂat ceiling and o ur Mengs , representing Saviour s appearance to Mary decorated , and the battered reredos plastered over and Magdalen in the garden , now hanging in the ante “ ” R - painted with The Last Judgment , by obert Streeter , chapel , was at one time the altar piece ; the sum of a fte rwa rds ha d fo r Assum 0 0 wa s d which , _ substituted it the _ p 3 guineas pai to the painter for this picture , it

o . R tion of the F under , by Sir James Thornhill After being painted at ome . the lapse of another 1 0 years since the last restoration 5 , w x during hich the e istence of a previous reredos appears O O e BALLI L C LLEGE . to have b en forgotten , an accidental discovery of some x s 1 The e act date of the foundation of the College is fragment was made by men repairing the roo f m 870 . 1 2 66 A general restoration of the Chapel was made in doubtful , but the year is assigned as its probable 1 872 - 7 the building being carefully restored under date . The statutes of the foundation are still preserved 1 2 8 2 b Dervo r and were compiled in , earing the seal of the care of Sir Gilbert Scott , including the removal of the h , , ceiling and the construction of t e reredo s . This guilla the widow of the founder , Sir John de Balliol

c father of the King of Scotland of that name . The latter work , whi h is said to be the ﬁnest of its kind x foundation is dedicated to the Honour of the Holy in this country , was e ecuted at a cost of the w Trinity , the Virgin Mary , St . Catherine , and whole hich was , defrayed by Earl Bathurst , who was at the

o of n . time Senior Fell o w of the College . It consists of three C urt Heave The scholastic attainments of Balliol College have become very high during the last tiers of elaborately carved niches , containing 35

, century its students , in their examinations , securing a statues of kings and nobles apostles , ecclesiastics , and e 1 0 0 ttes o fathers of the Church and n arly statue , larger pr portion of ﬁrsts than generally falls to the including the leading characters of the O ld and N ew lot of individual colleges . This is probably largely due

O XF O R D I L L U S T R AT E D .

to them for over ﬁve cen turies ; it is now treasured in Hall , Black Hall , Staple Hall and Glass Hall , three , ’ w t he t . I t of which we re afterwards surrendered to make room Dining Hall , being secured to the ainscot ing R f o wa s e - s for the adcli fe Library . The f undation stone consists of a large knock r ring pas ing through a t t he - - o f e 1 0 b rass face be ween nose and m o uth . The well laid in the south west corner the quadrangl in 9 , 5 “ B S r R known iece of statuary , Samson Slaying the by ishop Smyth and i ichard Sutton , and is called p ” “ ’ o O xo by the Charter the King s Hall and College of Brase Philistine , better kn wn to nians as Cain and ” ” d the nose . The quadrangle remain s in its original state Abel , which stoo in centre of the quadrangle , 1 88 1 v e xcept that a third story was added about the time of was removed in , ha ing stood there from the

- 1 2 . I . year 7 7 James , the hall and tower gateway retaining much m The o . of their f r er grandeur and picturesque effect THE HAL L AN D L IB R AR Y . old frontage of the college occupies nearly the whole uh The Hall is entered through a curious porch , R f a of the western side of adcli fe Square ; whilst i doubtedly the orig nal work , over which are two busts o a hands me new frontage , with an emb ttled t o wer " o 1 0 0 . of King Alfred and John Erigena , su pp sed date 3 1 88 gateway fronting the High Street , was erected in 7, The former is said to have b een discovered in the layi ng the four oriel wind o ws adding much to the be auty of of the foundations of the College . The principal the street . The two quadrangles sho w a marked featu res of the Hall are a fine bay window at the upper f in a the di ference character , p rtly due to lack of space end filled with painted glass and a massive chimne y ct in the new one , but principally to the artistic effe 1 60 piece presented in 7 . Amongst many po rtraits are introduced into the modern buildings . The College t B y R hose of ishop Sm th and Sir ichard Sutton , King e x derives its nam from old Brasenose Hall , e isting in f C o e . . o 1 2 0 h Alfred and Lord hancell r Ell smere The design 7 , which is supposed to ave been named from its x the Library , which has been attributed to Sir Christo knocker fi ed in a nose of brass , which is perpetuated o pher Wren , is singularly interesting as a c nnecting in the gilt nose over the entrance gat e . The original “ nose from w hich the name is derived was removed link between the ancient and modern architecture . The 1 80 “ A interior was fitted up in 7 , a new arrangement being to Stamford , hen , as nthony Wood relates , the required through the large bequest of Principal t e 1 students migra ed thith r in 334 , endeavouring to Y . e C arborough Und r the Library were formerly loisters , a e establish nother University , transferring the nam “ O x a curious portion of which is still seen in the entrance r n . of their fo d home , taking with them the ose to the Chapel . Until the y ea r 1 880 the knocker remained upon the

THE C HAP E L . 1 1 door of the house they occupied , hen it was removed 1 8 0 for safety and in 9 the College purchased the The present building was consecrated , having been o w b 1 666 pr perty and recovered the relic hich had een lost ten years in building , in also from the designs of

O XF O R D I L L U S TR AT E D .

F ri t . deswide he r . that is left of the old building of St , Sir Christopher W en It has a very ﬁne east window ,

M r . . . the o ld glass having been entirely replaced by C E building south of the Cathedral , which was the original

= 1 8 6 o R o 1 , efect ry , and was until 775 used as the Library of Kemp in 9 , and several memorial wind ws also of

1 8 . stained glass . In 94 the Chapel underwent partial the College The rest of his completed work was the

o south and east sides , and part of the west front of restorati n , and its roof and ceiling were given a great

e e a the quadrangle , including the Tower , named Faire deal of att ntion , the latter receiving l borate decora ” - wa s tion and ornament . There is a very ﬁne ante chapel Gate , which carried up to the level of the parapet - x 1 6 being afterwards completed by Sir Christopher Wren attached , which has an e cellent window dated 77 , ’ 1 68 2 b y in . Wolsey having fallen from the King s Pearson , the gift of Principal Cawley , containing “ - 1 2 . re ﬁgures of Christ . and the four Evangelists . favour , in the year 53 Henry VIII founded the ’

K V I I I . s College , and named it ing Henry College ,

C HR I S T R . CHU CH dedicating it to the Holy Trinity , the Virgin Mary and Frid swi w . e de o f St , and endowed it ith a revenue of This Society , which is much larger than any the ' 1 6 O x b a year . In 54 , a new patent was created , Colleges of ford , was founded y Cardinal Wolsey - - by which it wa s re est a blished and connected with 1 2 an d . in the year 5 5, was called Cardinal College Had he been able to carry out his original intention to the new Bishop ric of O xford under the name of Christ F rideswide for a Church the Church of St . being made the provide schol rs , an enlargement of the front Cathedral . The buildings remained in this unfinished quadrangle would have taken place on the nor th side . To provide the f unds for his scheme permission wa s state until Dr . John Fell was appointed Dean O x te twen t u two and who was afterwards Bishop of ford ; he gran d to, him to suppress y convents and of Frideé uf id attempted the completion of the north side the . e priories , including St Priory with its 0 0 quadrangle , succeeding in finishing the portion with revenue of £ 3 a year , and divert these revenues to o - the entrance at the n rth east corner , and nearly com his buildings . The Church of St . Michael , which stood letin o p g the north buildings but the Civil War breaking at the south gate , was also destr yed to give roo m for the quad rangle : A pa tent was granted by Henry out they were left unfinished , and later were completed < o n 1 2 th 1 2 by his , John Fell , together with the unfinished VIII . , dated july , 5 5, for the foundation as ” Alda tes. Ai m portion of the west front to St . His statue is des Christi Thom Wolsey , and the foundation ’ over the north - east corner entrance facing W olse s i 1 L n l n , y . o a d stone was la d on the 7th July , by Dr g , over the hall entrance . He also employed Wren to Bishop of Lincoln , with great pomp and ceremony , a x \Visdo m complete the Tower , and place there the great bell who pre ched from the te t hath builded her “ ” O re from sney Abbey , now known as Great Tom , house . The first portion built is said to have been 80 0 0 1 1 6 w 1 8 0 b s. e l w the cast in , and eighing nearly , , b ing the kitchen and ha l , hich adjoins onl y portion

O XF O R D I L L U S T R AT E D .

ft . . ft n ft i . . a s 0 0 . . 1 w e s gins high , and 7 in diameter It ﬁrst foundation , is about 4 in length , with a proj cting 2 th 1 68 w rung on May 9 , 4 , and every night since , as a ing at both ends adorned with oriel windows reaching ' C olle e a tes a r signal for the closing of the g g , it has rung to the parapet ; To Gateway in the centre being ’ 1 0 1 e W o lse s its strokes at ﬁve minutes past nine ; this numb r set back under dwarf projecting towers , with y K being the same number as the students of ing Statue above . ’ y - Henr s foundation . By the north east archway is HE H L L . u T A approached another large q adran le , called Peck g This building occupies nearly half of the southern water , deriving its name from an ancient hall 2 6 ft f . 2 6 1 t . R P eckwa ter who side of the large quadrangle , which is 4 by the property of alph , gave it ’ — F rideswide s f 1 1 ft . o ft. to St . Priory in the reign o the dimensions of the Hall being 5 long , 4

. w . Henry I II . Another ruin called Vine Hall with wide and soft ide It is a magniﬁcent room , and is other buildings was added to it in the reign of said to be o nly equalle d by the Hall at Westminster ; 1 2 . it was built in 5 9 , but having been damaged by ﬁre , Henry VIII , and were formed into a quadrangle in

1 0 1 2 0 . . was in 7 repaired The roof is of Irish oak pro the middle of the Seventeenth Century In 7 5, the re- fusely decorated with the armorial bearings of Henry east , west and north sides were built after a design

- VI II . and Ca rdinal Wolsey . The sides are half wains by Dean Aldrich , and made into the new quadrangle ; L 1 1 6 the ibrary on the south side being begun in 7 was cotted , having a handsome cornice with shields of , a not completed until 1 76 1 . A smaller quadrangle called rms beneath . At the upper end is a very ﬁne oriel w 1 86 u indow , ﬁlled with heraldic glass in 7 by the late Canterbury Q adrangle (from Canterbury College , 1 6 b v n A rchdeacon Clerke , in honour of the present King founded 3 3, Simo Islip , Archbishop of Canter E R bury), was given to the College by Henry VIII . dward and His oyal Highness the Crown Prince of

- B 1 1 8 re . etween 775 and 7 3 this quadrangle was built Denmark , both Students of Christ Church The x R - . window has also full length portraits of Cardinal chieﬂy at the e pense of Dr obinson , Primate of

e . Ireland . The principal ornament is the magniﬁcent Wolsey , Sir Thomas Moor and other members A r w Doric Gateway erected in 1 778 . A new—range of very large number of portraits ado n the alls by the u 1 86 2 66 R best masters , including Sir Joshua eynolds , Vandyke , b ildings was added to the College in , occupy ing a length of 35oft . at a cost of and over Sir J . Millais , Holbein , Gainsborough , Hogarth , - H rk o Bro a d e o me r R . lo kin g the Walk and the College Mead o ws . It and Professor ichmond Amongst recent L idd n o f 0 w e . . o consists accommodation for 5 members ith a portraits add d are those of Dr Pusey , Dr

. b . central tower gateway goft . high the buildings being and Mr Gladstone y the late Sir J . Millais Amongst be of three stories with dormes in the roof . The main the num rless worthies who have made Christ Church ’ A a W lse s ma . ld tes o y front of the College to St , being y famous from being educated there , we mention a

O XFO R D IL L U S TR AT E D .

g learning might do good to Church and Commonwealth Colle e . The Library is rich in rare MSS . and B o O w re ish p ldham then contributed the handsome sum ancient volumes , amongst hich a some vellum

x . of marks t o wards the building e penses The copies printed in 1 466 . 1 0 1 80 m quadrangle , feet by feet , was co pleted in THE C HAP E L 1 1 1 60 5 7, and embattled about 9 , another story being 1 1 1 6 1 was erected in 5 7, and enlarged in , and the added on the north and west sides in 737, with further 77 re - restoration during the last century . The principal ﬂoor laid in black and white marble , and a cedar

O o of wood screen set up . The east wind o w is Per endicular front is facing riel C llege , and consists an p y R in st le , and has a very fine picture by ubens as an embattled frontage of three stories , with a gateway “ ” tower of four stages . The front is ornamented with altar piece , representing the Adoration . It was 1 80 R presented to the College in 4 , by Sir ichard a good oriel window and rich canopied niches , with who a curious piece of sculpture representing Angels Worsley , formerly a member ; purchased it from ’ bearing the Host . The be autiful tracery of the vaulted the Prince of Conde s collection at a cost of g o roof of the entrance gateway is very noticeable . A There is a very old eagle lectern , iven by J hn Clay the e 1 curious sundial stands in centre of the quadrangle , mond , the first presid nt , who died 537, and whose r ffi w b ass , with e y in a shroud , and t elve verses designed by Charles Turnbull , a Fellow of the College g

in the Sixteenth Century . remains nearly perfect on the south side of the ante

g i s e . Throu h the cloister another more modern rang chapel At the east end is a gallery , between the ’ e the of buildings overlooking Christ Church Meadows . chap l and president s lodgings , containing the w 1 0 6 e They ere erected in 7 , on the site of the old portraits of the s ven Bishops committed to the Tower o Cloisters , by President Turner , at a cost of y King James II . 1 1 x being 9 feet in length . E tending from its south ’

. 0 11 XE E R O front is the Fellows Garden , in which the south E T C LLEGE . side may be found traces of the old City wall . The foundation of this College was under the name 1 1 e o of Stapleton Hall , in the year 3 4 , it b ing f unded THE HAL L AN D L IB R AR Y de E x h by Walter Stapleton , Bishop of eter w o removed , e e has a good roof of P rp ndicular work , but is an . 1 0 E hither his scholars from Hart Hall In 4 4 , dmund i o 0 2 unpretent us building of 5 feet by 5 feet . It was r E x Staffo d , Bishop of eter , altered the name to the re - 1 0 0 wainscotted and ceiled about 7 , and again restored present one , and established fellowships . Sir William

1 8 . in 57 It contains various portraits , amongst which Petre added largely to its endo wment during the reign is an original one of the Founder on panel and those , of Queen Elizabeth , and reforming the statutes , i of var ous Bishops who have been connected with the 1 6 a established it as a College in 5 5. The main front ge

O XF O R D IL L U S T R AT E D .

to Turl 2 2 0 a re t “f i llia m the College , situate in Street , is feet in portraits hose of Sir Petre , Sir Walter

- I . b length , having an embattled four storey gateway tower , de Stapleton the founder , Charles , Queen Eliza eth ( ) ,

re- 1 1 0 M acka rness which has been built on three occasions , 595, 7 3 Lord Justice Coleridge , Dr . (late Bishop ’

1 8 x O x . and 34 ; e tensive repairs took place in the latter of ford) The Library , which is in the Fellows ’ 1 8 6 year under Mr . Underwood s supervision , the whole Garden , was built in 5 , from designs by Sir Gilbert

r - front being e faced . A large h o use was erected by Scott . It is not so rich in old and rare works as many

x 1 6 1 2 - 1 6 2 Dr . Prideau , rector , , e 4 behind his house for of the College libraries , many treasures having b en l the accommodation of the foreigners who were ost by a ﬁre in 1 70 9 . a t attracted to the College by his gre reputation , which THE C HAP E L . was afterwards added to the C o llege buildi n gs . In 1 856 a new quadrangle was added under Sir Gilbert The original Chapel wa s built in 1 32 6 for Stapleton ’ -ws B . e . Hall , and stood in the present Fello Garden In Scott , with a north rn frontage to road Street This 1 6 2 H a k will 4 a new Chapel was erected by Dr . e fellow has also a gateway tower , the whole building being in , 1 0 Modern style , and is about 5 feet in length . In the of the College , at a cost of on the site of the ’ l Fellows Garden , a sec uded and beautiful spot at the present building , which gave way for the present two : back of the front quadrangle , are noted trees the magniﬁcent Chapel , designed by Sir Gilbert Scott in

1 8 - large chestnut at the farther end being known as 57 9 , and built at a cost of nearly It is ’ e o o H ber s Tree , as it directly overshad ws the r oms designed after the style of the celebrated Sainte c b B : 1 ; Chapelle of Paris , the dimensions being length , of Brasenose College , o cupied y ishop Heber and 9 ’ t th w 0 8 a e . K n ni tt s : o e co ; , 3 ; , a ﬁg tree A entrance , kn wn as Dr feet idth feet height to roof 4 feet its style

0 11 . ﬁg tree , the story being that one occasion when the being Decorated Gothic It has been frequently and ’

Kennic tt s - fi . o figs were ripe he attached a label Dr g rightly described as a gem of beauty , for no one can ” - a o f tree , for which wag substituted another label , A behold the harmony its many details in stained ” K n i tti w . en co fig for Dr glass , its columns ith carved capitals , its mosaics

and marble , its ﬁne roof and wood carving without ,

THE H L L AN D L R R . A IB A Y e w x b ing struck ith its e treme beauty . The principal s e The Hall i a noble room , with ﬁne timb r roof , and feature of attraction was added to this Chapel in 1 890 A a n n 1 . cl d i 6 1 8 . wa s was built by “ It last restored Sir , J by the placing on the wall near the altar , of tapestry

1 8 2 . in 7 Beneath the Hall is a Crypt , which has been x e hangings of e treme b auty , representing the Adora ’ ” . y - attributed to St Mildred s Church , which formerl . tion of the Magi , with life size ﬁgures It was e stood n ar this site , but during recent years it has been . x designed by Sir E Burne Jones , and e ecuted

o - . converted into a st re room Amongst many notable A. under the care of the late William Morris , M , both

O XF O R D I L L U S T R AT E D .

f H o no ra rv e o The buildings consist of a single quadrangle , which , F llows of the College , at the works 888 a . 1 M C o . until , were in two detached blocks of three stories orris and , Tiverton , ne r Wimbledon

each , united by a high wall with rusticated gateway , HE R EF O R D co L L E GE erected in 1 8 2 0 by Magdalen College ; but in 1 878 the space o f 80 feet was ﬁlled with buildings of somewhat Has an eventful but interesting history . Founded by t E o t similar character , but in elaborate style , the centre / lias de Hereford , it was kn wn as Har Hall , and had 1 2 M e e x isted as a hall for students from 84 . A ayor of b ing occupied by an entrance gateway , having a lofty

O x Docklin o n arch flanked by four fluted pilasters , with handsome ford , named Sir John gi , purchased it in ’ 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 2 capitals , and also adorned with a shield bearing in 3 from the founder s son for £ , and in 3 k f relief a hart lapping at a broo . The dining hall and granted the lease to Walter de Stapleton , ounder of xe E ter College , who placed students there until his common room entirely occupy the first floor of this new

College was ready for them . It was afterwards used building ; the former being a ﬁne room of 60 feet by N ew 2 - y by William of Wykeham , founder of College in 7 feet , having an oak chimney piece , beautifull

1 o . 1 0 , for the same purp se In the year 74 , the . 379 carved , and oak wainscotting A new set of buildings R R N o f ev. ichard ewton , Christ Church , who was in 1 8 0 N ew was erected in 9 , facing College Lane , com 1 1 0 l in 7 appointed Principal of Hart Hall , obtained a p et g the quadrangle . The remaining buildings Charter to convert the Hall into Hertfo rd College but formed part of the ancient Hart Hall , and its successor , principally on account o f insufficient end o wment it l Hertford Co lege , included in which is the Chapel , an 1 80 never flourished , and , in 5, as no qualified person uninteresting structure in Italian style , erected by c 1 -uld ofiice be found to accept the of Principal , the R N ichard ewton , the last Principal of Hart Hall , in d x n foundation cease to e ist , and the buildings havi g 1 1 7 5. The old Hall on the north side contained 1 8 1 8 become ruinous , in its small endowment was N w portraits of John Tyndale , the translator of the e a R granted to the sole rem ining Fellow , ichard Hewitt , Testament ; Lord Chancellor Clarendon , Thomas - for life a fter which it fell to the University . In 1 8 1 6 Sydenham the physician , and several bishops . a special Act of Parliament was o btained by Magdalen c College , by whi h they acquired the site of Hertford , JESUS C O L L E GE and having erected two new blocks of buildings e 1 8 2 2 is remarkable as being the first C o llege of Protestant opposite the Bodleian , they occupied th m in ,

- re e . 1 8 1 1 e and nam d them Mag dalen Hall In 74 another origin , being established in 57 , on the sit occupied foun da b ﬂ four Act of Parliament was obtained by which the y of the old halls , Elm Hawk , Lawrence and , ,

tion of Magdalen Hall was dissolved , and the old name White Halls . For a long time the buildings were poor

o f Hertford C o ll ege restored . e and incomplet , until the appointment of Sir Leoline

O XF O R D I L L U S

2 th 1 868 April , by Archbishop Longley , of Canter THE C H P E L . 5 , A f bury , the irst cost of building havin been g l f This is a superb bui ding , entirely dif erent from the The College was incorporated by R oyal Charter in style of any other Chap el in the University . It was 2 rd o f 1 8 0 J , 7 , and on the 3 day une was opened by the Butterﬁ eld rn built from the designs of Mr . , being co

. Marquis of Salisbury , the Chancellor of the University leted 1 8 6 p in 7 , at a cost of and was the gift y The building is very much in the style of Earl Gothic , b T ntesﬁ eld of the late Mr . William Gi bs , of y , near but the free use of the coloured brickwork has imparted 1 2 b Bristol . It is 5 feet in length y 35 feet in width , an appearance entirely distinctive fr o m the other and 9 5 feet high . The interior is of brickwork , the Colleges . The buildings consist of two quadrangles of walls being adorned with Scripture pictures in coloured variegated brick , with bath stone dressings the o . mosaics , com p sed of marble , granite , and alabaster o entrance being through a gabled t wer in the centre of a re The whole of the windows of stained glass , showing the east front , supported by buttresses . The large the Prophets , Apostles and Evangelists the window r quadrangle has a very st iking appearance , no other x being e ceptionally high , making room for the panelled x College , e cepting Christ Church , shewing the style mosaics below them . At the west end are three of the raised broad terrace surrounding the grass plots , x mosaic panels , e hibiting the Second Coming of our which are well set o ff at this College by the colour of Lord , attended by Angels . In the centre , St . Michael the surrounding buildings . the Archangel , is dividing the saved from the lost . A

C e , THE HAL L AN D L IB R A R Y . small side hapel has be n erected on the south side ’ 1 3 in which placed Holman Hunt s great picture , The O x r b 1 2 The Hall is one of the largest in fo d , eing 7 ” o Light of the W rld , which was presented to the y feet by 35 feet . Both rooms are approached by a ver O o . C llege by the late Mrs Combe , of xford (cost fine staircase , having a lofty roof , and being lighted This picture was pre sented with a view of with an oriel window . The Hall has on one side a pro increasing the income of the foundation , and therefore ectin - j g gallery , supported by three arches it is panelled a small charge is made for admission to the ante all round , and has traceried windows , with a fine chapel ; tickets for which are had from the porter at timbered roof . The portraits include Archbishop the gate . r R K n . L id o . ev d , D J , . , Longley Pusey , ohn eble Dr O B LI N CO LN C LLEGE . E s . R W . Gibbs , q , the ishop of ochester , and others ; y whilst the Library contains busts of Dr . Puse and This College was founded in 1 4 2 9 by R ichard b y R a n d B John Keble , ichmond ; also of Cardinal Fleming , ishop of Lincoln , to counteract the influence “ VV l r N o o ne . o f wa s ewman , by The cost erection of both of the teachin g of Wycliffe , and to be a little

b . e who the Hall and Library was borne by the Gi bs family Coll ge of true students in theology , would

O XF O R D I L L U S T R AT E D .

defend the mysteries of the sacred pag e against those new wainscot work ; this plaster work being removed

ro fa n ed . 1 88 ignorant laics who its most holy pearls It . p in 9 , it is now restored as it was originally built O i - mo n a stic was originally sem , and rather a hostel for m A ongst many portraits are those of the founders , and

theologians than a College . It was built on the site e B r l R o Lord Crew , ishop of Durham , fo mer y ect r of ’ of St . Mildred s Church and Churchyard . Bishop the College . Fleming dying be fore much was done for its establish THE H E L fo r C AP , ment , the College fell into great straits want of 1 8 R further endowment , and in 47 Bishop otherham , situate in the second quadrangle , is a well

B re- co n who succeeded Fleming as ishop of Lincoln , pr o portioned Gothic building 6 2 feet in length and 2 6 o The stituted it , btaining another license from King Edward feet in breadth . whole of the interior is ﬁtted with o f IV . The College was named after the See Lincoln r c cedar wood , some of the ca ving being spe ially notice ’ e . o I t 1 6 1 x Fleming s lic nse from Henry VI stating that it sh uld . e able is dated 3 , having been built at the pense be known as The College of the Blessed Virgin and B of Dr . Williams , ishop of Lincoln , afterwards Arch

O x . All Saints , Lincoln , in the University of ford bishop o f York . The wind o ws are particularly good The eastern part of the inner quadrang le was added x e . e amples , the colouring being r markably distinct It 1 6 0 x d about 3 , and an e tra wing providing accommo a is said they were procured from Italy in 1 6 2 9 by Bishop tion for fifteen students was added in 1 88 2 on the site ” Williams . The large east window is divided into six of the Grove , at a cost of The greater part O ld N e w compartments , and represents and Testament of the College retains its original character , the olde st b a s - e : su jects , types and anti typ s the subjects being , is ' sa id portion being the kitchen , which to occupy the the Creation of Man and the N ativity of Christ ; the S 1 0 0 w ite of an ancient Hall , dated 3 , hich the thickness Israelites passing through the R ed Sea and the o of walls , and its high open timbered r of seem to ’ Baptism of Christ ; the Passover and the Lord s substantiate . Suppe r ; the Brazen Ser pent and Christ on the Cross ; The entrance to the quadrangle from Turl Street is Jonah delivered from the Whale and the R esurrection o . by an embattled tower gateway , with a g r ined roof ’ E O n 80 of Christ ; lijah in the Fiery Chariot and Christ s the opposite side of the quadrangle , which is o 0 11 feet square is Ascension . The wind ws the north side represent o twelve Pr phets , and those on the south side the twelve THE H L L A , Apostles . ’ - 1 6 1 0 1 In the ante chapel is Wesley s pulpit , from which he a handsome building , built in 4 3 , and repaired in 7 1 - ﬁ ne wa s and 835. The old timbered ro o f covered in preached when a Fellow of the College he was elected w 1 0 1 w fr o m Christ Church to a Fellowship at Lincoln in 1 72 6 . ith a plaster ceiling in 7 , when it was reﬁtted ith

O XF O R D IL L U S T R AT E D .

1 h TH E L IB R AR Y was not commenced until 474 , and at his deat in

1 86 o . e the 4 his buildings were not c mpleted The new deserves sp cial notice , as it was only College society being temporarily lodged in the Hospital build Library in O x ford that escaped the ravages of the ings receive d their Charter of Foundation in 1 548 . Commissioners of Edward VI . , when so many valuable Magd alen College fr o m its foundation received a large works were so ruthlessly destroyed . It was first 1 8 1 erected at the expense of Dean Forest it was restored amount of royal patronag e Edward IV . in 4 came M , - fi t d from Woodstock to agdalen sleeping there and 1 0 1 6 6 . 1 re te in 59 and in 5 In 739 it was _ , and it R . v attending chapel service . ichard I I also paid a isit now contains many valuable MSS . and books , including ’ two years later , and was much gratified with his a MS . copy of Wycliffe s Bible . entertainment there . Prince Arthur, brother to Henry

e . . VIII . , was several tim s entertained there James I

A E N C O . MAGD L LLEGE h a also brought Prince Henry , eir pparent to the A nthony Wood says , Magdalen is the most noble throne , to Magdalen , and he was later followed by

e R . and rich structure in the learned world , and this stat Prince upert , nephew to Charles I ment made three hundred years ago is held by many The College is beautifully situate at the eastern end

- . o to be equally true to day It was f unded by William of the City , at the foot of Magdalen Bridge , being W a n ﬂete who 1 R , y , in 4 57 secured the site of bounded on the east side by the iver Cherwell , which Patten of _

. r d o . the old Hospital of St John the Baptist , standing runs into the Thames a sho t istance bel w It has e l a 0 0 outside the City gates , b ing immediate y adjacent to , a front ge , 57 feet from north to south , and 33 feet w or perhaps partly occupying , the old Je ish burying to the High Street , but the beauty of its buildings are ground . This Hospital is supposed to have been the the interior quadrangles , which , with its Grove and

1 0 0 . original foundation , and carries us back more than Walks , occupy an area of nearly acres ’ two centuries earlier than the foundation of the—Colle ge ; At the entrance by the porter s lodg e is St . John the 1 2 1 1 2 . re B as between 3 and 33 Henry I II built or aptist Quadrangle , with its quaint stone pulpit in “ o whi h the c . enlarged the Hospital leading fr m the east gate to the corner , from old custom of preaching a ” ’ b the Cherwell , over which was an ancient bridge in sermon on St . John s Day has recently een revived ,

1 0 0 4 . The Hos pital continued under the name of in commemoration of the Baptist preaching in the

U 1 60 . c Almshouse ntil 7 The old doorway , called the Wilderness ; on which o casion the congregation ‘ i Pilgrim Gate , is st ll to be seen near the foot of assemble in the quadrangle and the ground is strewn

w . the tower facing High Street , ﬁlled in ith stonework with rushes and grass . Adjoining is the west doorway

In consequence of the troublous times , however , and of the Chapel , adorned with the ﬁgures of St . John the ‘ W ﬂ t a n e e M y M . that lost favour with the King , his chapel , . , y Baptist St ar agdalen , St Swithun Edward

O XF O R D IL L U S T R AT E D .

ME R TO N C O LLEGE . middle of the high altar , the building of the College ,

l The history of this College is of special interest , as progressing outwards from the Chapel , the Chape

m 1 - x i d O x 80 . a e hib ting the mo el of all the Colleges of ford and being co pleted in 4 In the nte chapel , which o o Cambridge ; the statues of Walter de M erton having 9 is separated from the ch ir by a ﬁne st ne screen , ,

been very much copied by all later founders . Previous above which is a magniﬁcent organ , there is a ﬁne

- to the time of this foundation the students were painting in chiaro oscuro by Christopher Schwartz , “ e scattered in inns and halls throughout the whole of the r presenting , The Last Judgment , which was

1 City and were under very little control . A new era restored in 794 by Egginton , by whom the other , f a n d - n o a x . 1 6 began with the foundatio Merton College , its windows in the ante ch pel , were e ecuted In 35 y the inner chapel was paved with black and white example was ver quickly followed , to the great the advantage and comfort of the scholars . As an inter marble , and interior ﬁttings and decorations esting example of the stringency of the new regulations renewed . It was also provided with a handsome "

- 1 6 we quote the following from Clarke s Colleges of screen , a new organ , and painted windows . In 49 O x ford : By the i njunction of Archbish o p Laud it the staine d glass and the building generally was was ordered that the College gates should be closed at seriously injured by the Parliamentary troops . In - the half past nine , and the keys given to Warden none 1 833 a general restoration took place at a cost of being allowed to sleep in O xford outside the College the windows and the choir being re- ﬁ tted

. 1 0 8 walls , or even to breakfast or dine In 5 the 1 86 later with brilliant stained glass , and in 4 the Col lege itself legislated against the growing prac tice r - fi tte reredos was e d with statues . There is a valuable - of giving out college parties in the City , and coming in a - painting , as an alt r piece , of Christ bearing the Cross , ‘ ’ ’ c . late , even after ten o clo k The first Charter is having doubtful authorship , it being traced back to 1 2 6 v . dated 4 , and was gi en by Henry I II for the one of the wrecked galleons of the Spanish Armada ; perpetual sustentation of twenty scholars dwelling in ex and over the painting , in the ap , is a sculptured O x else the sch ools of ford , or wheresoever learning representation of Christ appearing to Mary in the 2 0 S hall happen to flourish . In 1 7 the founder ratified

R . A Garden by Sir Francis Chantrey , . , altogether pro and confirmed his preceding end o wment ; and again ducin g one of the handsomest eastern decorations of in 1 2 74 is a Charter approving of the two former C . o f . all the ollege Chapels There is a m nument in the o . Charters , with the seal Edward I attached In the - C e e R 0 small ante hap l near the altar , in m mory of ichard following year t _ the first Charter the founder obtained “ 1 8 Patten , father of the founder , erected in 33, having a piece of ground about the Church of St . John the m W a nflete . con fi r been re oved from y Church Baptist from the Abbey of R eading . A royal mation of the grant of the land was pr ocured and a

O XF O R D I L L U S T R AT E D .

the license for the enclosure of the ground , for better ” THE C HAP E L O sit e of such his house of scholars . ther properties w a s until late years the Parish Church of St . J o hn the adjoining fronting the street having been purchased , ha s enabled the founder to complete a plan for a quadrangle Baptist , which parish now been incorporated into - in - - . . that of St Peter the East , leaving the College with considerable frontage to St John Street , with ’ services alone to take place here . It is built in the the Warden s lodgings occupying the east side , the

Decorated and Perpendicular styles , consisting of a chapel the west , and the hall , with kitchen , butlery ,

oﬂi ces choir and transept and a central tower . The choir , and other the south , with probably a small part 1 1 0 1 2 of the small court now called Mob Quad . The north feet in length , was begun in 77, and has , besides ’ o f the e a st win do w r e side buildings , facing Merton Street , were the , fourteen othe s , s ven on each side , d o 1 8 o x altere ab ut 5 9 , but the n ble gateway , with its of e tremely beautiful decorative work , retaining a

e 1 1 6 . mbattled tower , remains as built in 4 In the great deal of the original glass . The east window is

. front are two statues of Henry III and Walter de often described as being the pride of the chapel . The i Merton , and immed atel over the ateway a curious g x 1 0 0 S y g seven li hts , e ecuted by Price in 7 , how principal piece of work , representing John preaching in the events in the life of Christ , the beautiful rose above Wilderness . exhibiting some old remnants and brilliant pieces ﬁlled

- 1 8 0 . o THE H L L in about 5 In the altar piece below the wind w is A , “ ” x a painting of The Crucifi ion , by Tintoretto , a fli ht y which is approached by g of steps , was so greatl h presented by Jo n Skip , a Gentleman Commoner of the altered a century ago th at little more than the dimen . ‘ College The stalls , desks and flooring were restored its ri in a l a n n w o o c o . si ns of A g structure be ascertained 1 8 re - o " in 54 ; and the ceiling was also c nstructed and

The present porch _ built in the reign of Queen was e decorated with figures of Prophets , Evang lists and Elizabeth , and the Hall was about the same time - 1 8 2 2 . R ev. Fathers by the John Pollen , Fellow in 4 5 h N ew - wainscotted with oak , similar to t ose of College , flo o r o f In the the choir are nine brasses , the finest wa s and Magdalen , which removed in the alterations - ' e o f h 1 8 , 357 7, and - ~ being thos John Blox am Warden referred to in 1 80 6 in 1 87z a n a ttempt wa s made to W h tto n 1 2 0 - efli ‘ J ; ohn y , 4 and a large full length gy of restore it to its a nci ent character by the i la te S if Gilbert - - 1 1 . Henry Sever , Warden 4 55 7 In the ante chapel of o t r . to Scott , at a cost The u e door the o o are monuments to Sir Th mas B dley , founder of the all t - Hall is said to be hat is _ of the old ’ left 1 6 1 o , 3 ; , . Bodleian Library to Anth ny Wood the 1 2 80 - a . structure of , and is particul rly noticeable O 1 6 h o celebrated xford Antiquary , 95 ; and to Sir Henry on account of its hammered iron inge m untings ,

2 6th 1 6 2 2 . , dated abo ut 1 330 . Savile , Warden

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THE C HAP E L MA N CH E STE R C O LLEGE . is a handsome addition to the beautiful Chapels of the This College 1 5 under similar conditions to Mansﬁeld ,

O o . xf rd Colleges It consists of nave , and a raised not being intended for resident students . It was 1 86 portion fitted with richly carved oak stalls it has also established at Manchester originally in 7 , and after a handsome oak screen , and on one side a screened removal to Yo rk returned again in M anchester in , e chamb r containing the organ , which was presented by 1 8 0 afterwards being transferred to Lond o n in 1 8 53 4 , M r r . a . George Buckton The windows e specially O x O 1 88 it was finally settled in ford in ctober , 9 , in striking , being all of stained glass from desig ns of rooms in High Street . The Trustees having secured a - Sir E . Burne Jones , and were executed by Mr . W R 1 8 1 site in Mansfield oad in 9 , the memorial stone was M orris . O e 2 laid on ctob r oth , and the College formally opened MA N SFIELD C O LLEGE O 1 8th 1 8 o . on ctober , 9 3, for the pur p se of instruction O 1 886 h was transferred to xford in , by the Trustees and in theology , wit out adopting any particular theological Council of Spring Hill College , Birmingham , who doctrines such teaching to be ope n to students who , m resolved , with the sanction of the Charity Co mission have already graduated . d o f ers , to establish it here as a centre of evangelical work The main buildings , which comprise three si es a o amongst membe rs of the University . The buildings quadrangle , are in G thic style , have a frontage to w 1 887- 9 M R v ere erected in at a cost of about and ansfield oad of three stories , relie ed in the centre occupy a po rtion of the old Cricket Ground of Merton by an embattled tower ; the Senior Common R oom College , near the University Parks . They are built being over the gateway , the north wing being the in accordance with the Gothic style of the Fourteenth

h . O n Library , and the C apel the south wing the ﬁrst ha m n . C e s ’ Century , from designs by Mr Basil , of ‘ p y ﬂoor are the P ro fesso GS rooms . London , and are arranged so as to form three sides

of a quadrangle , with the entrance gateway in the

THE L IB R AR . Y centre of the middle wing , surmounted by a square

8 0 feet d tower with oriel window ; an embattled tower being This room , o feet in length by 3 A wi e , which ‘ ' - o . f r H en r Ta t the at its s uth east angle o M ! e was the gift y , at cost of o is a very handsome ro m , having large bay windows , THE C HAP E L h ' o f e one of w ich is stain d glass , presented by the

: V forms the eastern wing of the building , and although e f , r o V a rin ton . congregation Cairo Street Chapel , g r a plain structure , is very ich in its carved oak wood

v . The Library already contains nearly olumes ln work , especially its canopied stalls , and the canopy

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' d 1 88 r - remaine until 7 , when the decayed state of the ro of about 1 790 and e placed by a ﬂat ceiling , which in be the 1 866 gave place to the present magniﬁcent oak roof , causing repairs to carried out , the old wall at h o the stained glass being placed in the windows also , east end was once more discovered , wit s me remains at a total cost of The painting is a valuable of its beautiful niches and work , when the wall was

oo restored under the direction of Mr . Wyatt to as near one of the Caracci Sch l , and is described in an old “ the a resemblance of its original appearance as his genius authority as Shepherds coming to Christ after ” and taste could conjecture . In 1 8 6 the latest his N ativity . It was presented by a former Earl of 7 R adnor and was over the altar in the chape l up to restoration of the Chapel began , under the superintend ,

The o rt ra its . 1 0 . ence of Sir Gilbert Scott The plaster ceiling was 79 ip include the founder , William of replaced by an oak roof ; the panellin and cornice , Wykeham ; Archbishop Chichele , Bishop Ken , Bishop g - loft were re- W a nﬂete . and also the organ largely placed with new y , and others work ; the beautiful sedilea was re- Constructed and ,

THE C H P E L . A the restoration of the reredos completed in 1 8 with 94 ,

It is impossible in this brief notice to do justice to new grouping of the statues , the plan from the apex the extreme beauty of such a building as N ew College of the roof downwards representing a complete illustra “ ” Chapel it is only to be realized by personal inspection . tion of the Te Deum . The restoration on this Its reredos which is re resented to have originally been occasion cost , p S 1 0 0 of the utmost plendour and magniﬁcence , shared the The inner Chapel is feet long by 35 feet wide ’ 6 fate of those of All Souls and Magdalen Colleges , the and 5 feet in height ; it is separated from the ante 80 6 visitors of Edward VI . having removed the images chapel feet by 3 feet , by a screen supporting a

re- 1 8 and ordered the painted windows to be pulled down ; magniﬁcent organ , built by Willis in 75, with 33 “ ” “

. o but , Anthony Wood says , the College not being stops and nearly pipes The wind ws on the ’ h h S R rich enough , as t ey pretended , to set up new , promised sout ide are Flemish , and supposed to be by ubens ” that they would when they were in a capacity , so pupils ; the ﬁgures of saints , those on the north side ,

e . 1 0 the windows escap d destruction In 55 , the representing Prophets and A postles , were placed in 1 Y h 1 6 . niches , aving been ﬁlled up with stone and mortar , 7 5 and 774 , and are by Peckett , of ork The ’ ‘ S f were then covered with plaster , on whose removal in founder s pastoral ta f , of costly materials and 1 6 t 600 a 9 5 some broken sta ues were discovered , and the beautiful workmanshi p, over ye rs old , is in a ” r - ﬁ tt d a o r th e e a e . whole with V rious ornamental work in w od , gl zed ecess on the left of Communion Table It

. S gilding and painting In the centre was the Saluta is nearly seven feet high , of ilver gilt , embellished with o tion of the Virgin Mary , and over the C mmunion Gothic ornaments , and curiously enamelled with

. S o the k the Table was the Caracci picture the Chapel jewels , enclosing in croo of it , the ﬁgure of

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Bishop himself in a kneeling posture . In the ante to found therein to the honour of the Virgin M ary a “ chapel is the well - known wind o w of The N ativity certain College of Scholars ; but in 1 32 5- 6 the King

by erva is designed by Sir Joshua R eynolds . In a enlarged the original plans and became the founder . J , re re B e R space ten feet wide and eighteen feet high , is p He (Adam de rome)b ing already ector of the parish N 1 sented the ativity of our Lord , a composition of 3 of St . Mary , secured some property running parallel O n . w human ﬁgures , besides animals the left the ith High Street , which was already in use by Scholars S painter has introduced the portraits of himself and of the University , and hortly after courteously surren ’

R . K eynolds as adoring Shepherds In the seven com dered it into the ing s hands , who having enlarged pa rtmen ts at the base of window are the well - known r 1 32 5- 6 ; fully the o iginal plans , became the founder in R . w . ﬁgures by Sir J eynolds of Temperance , Fortitude , carrying out the ishes of his Almoner By Charter

. 1 2 6 K e Faith , Charity , Hope , Justice and Prudence The dated 3 the ing constituted it a p rpetual College ” w 1 8 2 1 y o original dra ings of these when sold in produced of Scholars for the stud of Divinity and Can n Law ,

and appointed Adam de Brome the first Provost . Amongst the greatest benefactors of the College was THE GAR D E N S “L 1 2 8 Edward , who , amongst other gifts , in 3 granted Mr . Hawthorne , in Scarlet Letter says , speaking O x o the Hospital of St . Bartholomew , near f rd , with N ew of College Gardens , such a sweet , quiet , sacred , all its appurtenances , as a place of retirement for the b ” stately seclusion , so age long as this has een , cannot Society in case of plague . x e ist anywhere else . The grounds are thickly studded The present buildin s are comparatively modern , the u g with decid ous trees and evergreens , with magnificent south and west sides of the Front Quadrangle were -s chestnuts and lime of ancient date , intersected with re - 1 6 2 1 - 2 e S built from 4 , and the north and ast ides a lawn and fl o wer borders . Surrounding the gardens ' little later whilst the second called the Garden Quad o ld mediazva l x are a portion of the City Walls , in e cel 1 1 o 1 8 1 . rangle , was begun in 7 9 and c mpleted in 7 e lent condition , the founder entering into an agre ment The Entrance Gateway is opposite the Canterbury Gate o he with the City , of wh m purchased the land to keep S ” of Christ Church , and has an embattled tower howing wa the lls in good repair for e ver . I . the Arms of Charles , and a fine oriel window over

the gate . The view from here of the approach to the

‘ O R O is r IEL C LLEGE . Hall with its steps and canopied ﬁgures pa ticularly

e . The pro ~ r foundation of this College dates from striking p _ THE H L L 1 2 . e A 3 4 In this y ar Adam de Brome , Almoner to King

1 6 2 . . 2 e Edward II , obtained a license , dated April oth , to built with the Chap l , was completed in 4 It is O x 0 2 0 purchase a messuage in the town or suburbs of ford 5 feet long and feet wide , having one of the ﬁnest

O XF O R D IL L U S TR AT E D . w t o . timbe red roo fs in O xford . Above the entrance , in are marble monuments to the memory of Dr E l . 1 6 . o f . , dmonds , 74 , and Dr Carter , Provost canopied niches , are statues Edward II , Charles

1 0 8 - 2 W estmacott x 1 1 8 . the 7 7, the latter by , e ecuted in and Virgin and Child , which , with its semi 7 h ex a on a l . r / [ g porch , makes a handsome entrance Amongst the noted men of the last centu y who O Amongst the portraits are Edward I I . on his throne , have made riel famous are Pusey (who went from R O h , riel to his Professorship at Christ C urch , Keble by Hudson Queen Anne , Sir Walter aleigh Thomas ) 1 8 1 1 N . elected Fellow in at the age of Cardinal Arnold , John Keble , and Cardinal ewman There ( o f N o are also two valued silver cups which were the gifts ewman , Whately , Archbish p of Dublin ; Hughes , B ’ 1 2 1 6 M r. . author of Tom rown s Schooldays Goschen , the Edward II about 3 7, and Bishop Carpenter in 47 r one of which bears the following interesting inscription present First Lord of the Admiralty and the late M . in Latin : Cecil R hodes whilst Sir Walter R aleigh was amongst n k e n e S ir mode o n Dri , g tl , with rati , earlier students . And not fro m drunke n i ncli n a tio n hus ea of bod is o ded R O O T h lth y pr vi , PEMB KE C LLEGE . And strife o f to ngue ma y b e avo ided . S The history of this College is of pecial interest , as

it is in its foundation purely local . It was founded in THE C H P E L A , 1 6 2 4 by the Corporation of Abingdon from the end o w

- o f Te sda le R situate at the south east corner quadrangle has seen ments of Thomas , of Glympton , and ichard 1 W i htwi k R r Tesda l e 88 c . M . e s veral restorations , the last being in 4 , when a new g , ector of Ilsley (who was east window was inse rted to the memory of the the ﬁrst boy placed in Abingdon Sch ool by its founder 1 6 2 1 6 e x Provost . The Chapel was completed in 4 , and was in 5 3) b ing an ious to provide the boys of that

t - w - h 51 111 built ith a transept ante chapel , the greater part of school wi University education , left a of which was taken into the inner Chapel at the resto ra for the purpose of endowing fellowships or scholarships O x 1 88 . . . . tion in 4 , by Mr T G Jackson ; the screen was at any College in ford Before an agreement was

also thrown back and an organ erected over it . The completed between Balliol College and the Corporation “ h h n window , representing the Presentation of Christ in of Abingdon (the trustees), t ey avi g the promise of ” 1 R W i htwick wh e 6 e M r. o the Templ , dated 7 7, which had b en at the east the charity of ichard g , also e the O end was also r moved to west end , giving place to intended to found scholarships at xford , determined b y y Bro a d ate s a very ﬁne stained glass memorial window , designed to found a new College in the old societ at g j “ M r. The d l Wooldridge , the subject being A oration of Hall , which had part y belonged to the Abbey of

M . the agi Stained g lass wind ows were also added Abingdon . They accordingl y obtained letters patent the h an S I Br a d at d o d . . o e on nort uth si es of the Chapel There from the King , James , ordaining g fs Hall

' O XFO R D I L L U S TR ATE D.

’ 1 8 member of the College . In 77 an alarming ﬁre been Sir Christopher Wren s . The room is a noble w e o f destroyed , in a few hours , the hol of the western wing one in pr portion and e fect , and is embellished with

new re - of the quadrangle , which was built at a cost portraits and arms of founders and benefactors , whilst

of over contributed by members of the College in the gallery adjoining a re similar portraits . An old l C o and their friends , including the sum of given by custom stil exists in this llege , dating from the days

e h . the Que n C arlotte of founder , of summoning the members to dinner

T E H P E L . b e H C A y blowing a trump t , the usual course being the The windows removed from the old chapel were ringing of a bell . In this Hall also is still carried on “ ’ - o 1 6 6 that well known ceremony of the B ar s Head painted by Van Linge in 3 , and being repaired by procession accompanied by the S inging of a carol . The 1 1 o v . Price in 7 5, are still in a go d state of preser ation The two windows on the sou th side of the chancel traditional o rigin of the custom is that a woo d at no represent “ The Ascent from the Sepulchre and “ The great di stance from the College was at one time “ r the infested by a wild boar , which was a terro to all Ascension . In those on the north side The R esur ” ” O n l neighbourhood . e day a student of the Col ege rection of the Dead and The Last Judgment . In the windows on the south S ide of the chapel are The studying Aristotle in the wood , suddenly perceived the Adoration of the Magi and The D escent of the Hol y animal a pproaching him . The scholar waited for him , ” h e and as he was going to attack him thrust the Aristotle G ost , the other two being ﬁgures of a bishop , pop s O down his throat and choked him . How early this and saints . n the north S ide are The Last Supper ” The originated does not appear , but a version of the carol and Salutation , with early fathers . The ceiling , 1 2 1 x - printed in 5 is in existence . of e cellent stucco , is decorated with a painting of “ ” The Ascension , by Sir James Thornhill and in the T L R R w HE IB A Y , middle indow is The Holy Family , by Price ; ’ ” 1 6 2 - e co C o rre io s N built 9 4 , is a large and nobl apartment , described beneath which is a py of gg ight , in ”

S l . . f 1 0 0 , o as one of the most p endid in the University The the Dresden Gallery This building , feet ’ western elevation , towards the Fellows Garden , has an in length , with its Corinthian columns , valuable a e , e elegant appear nce , the bas ment being decorated with windows , and ﬁne decoration , is one of the b st r examples of resto ation in the University . eight statues in niches , on the right being King Edward

III . and Queen Philippa , King Charles I . and his THE H L L A R E lesfi eld Queen , and on the left obert g , Bishop B was built in or about the same year in which Provost arlow , Archbishop Lamplugh , and Sir Joseph n Th l Lancaster laid the foundation sto e of the first quad Williamson . e interior has some exce lent carving o rangle the design of which is supposed to have of Grinling Gibbons , and a fine stucc ed ceiling by

O O R L L U S R E . XF D I T AT D .

1 8 2 h the 7 , showing ﬁgures of Apostles and Prop ets , with The King , Queen , and Prince Elector dined at a

mmu - o . o co ss scenes fr m their lives The window ver the table which stood acro at the upper end , _ and Prince R o nion table is very rich in its colouring , ten subjects upert , with all the l rds and ladies present , which being beautifully rendered . The central scenes are the were very many , dined at a long table in the same ’ C N ” ’ ruciﬁxion and the ativity , the Visitation and the room , and later on George Wilde s play of Love s ” Annunciation , with ﬁgures of St . John the Baptist , Hospital was performed by members of the College .

M . . o Virgin ary , St John Evang elist , St Bernard , Sir Passing from this quadrangle thr ugh a passage with

- o . e r Thomas White , and Archbish p Laud curious old doors and a fan traceri d roof we ente

THE HAL L . THE GAR D E N S . R ’ o . The old efect ry of St Bernard s has a fine arched of ' It is often questioned which are the most beautiful o f o . roof , with a screen Portland st ne It was built in the College gardens but for quiet retirement and 1 0 2 5 , but has undergone considerable alteration since v t peaceful repose in the midst of syl an scenery , nothing that date . Amongst i s portraits are those of the ’ f . can excel the Gardens o St . John s They occupy an o Founder , Archbishops Laud and Juxon , Th mas fi ve P area of about acres , with wide lawns , well planted R M . O 1 6 . owney , . for xford , 9 5, King George III in shrubberies and finely gro wn cedar and ches tnut trees . , R . coronation robes , Sir Walter aleigh , King Charles I Th ey were first laid out in the year 1 6 1 2 by o ne of the and Queen Henrietta . Beneath some portion of the old buildings on this north side is a splendidly preserved Fellows of the College .

- re . crypt , now used as sto rooms It has an exceedingly E TR I N ITY CO LLEG . o s n flat ro f , originally upported by a si le column ; an g The foundation of this College begins a new era in old fireplace is still existing in these vaults , which very of g o greatly rese mble s in its style of bui lding the old R oman University life , it being the first the Colle es f unded n after the dissolution of the monasteries . Amo gst the chimneys of flat tiles . hardships of the dissolution no case seems more THE L R R “ IB A Y arbitrary than the suppression of Durham College , d o f consists of two large rooms on the south and east sides which stoo on this site , as one half its number were ’ ’ n t s o ther ha lf of Laud s Quadrangle . It now c o ntains o only a lay student ; but as the were Benedictine

c y o f Monks it wa s condemned . The site and buildings , very large colle tion of books , man which are rare

. however were reserved from the general destruction copies , but it is very rich in relics and curios At the , c had o e a C e the n w 1 6 6 by Dr . Wright , who occupied them for s m ye rs ompl tion of buildings in 3 , Laud enter

n . ta ined C ha rles . . as Pri cipal of Durham Hall Going back to the , I and the royal party in this room O XF O R D IL L U S T R AT E D .

o f ﬁ n d d foundation this Hall we the ﬁrst grant of an glass windows were ad ed in recent years , containing

- inclosure of land in O xford made to God and our figures of saints and early fathers . A very fine copy of ’ “ ” a rt s Lady and to the Prior and Convent of Andrea S o Deposition of Florence , painted by 8 1 2 6. Durham is dated about It is conveyed by Cannicci , faces the entrance door , over which is a W a fre w o Mabelle , Abbess of Godstow , and consists of memorial ind w to Isaac Williams , with richly “ ” u r nearly the same ground that is now occ pied by T inity e . coloured glass , the subject b ing The Crucifixion

College . At the supp ression the site came into the THE L IB R AR Y O . possession of George wen , physician to Henry VIII ,

is the most ancient part of the College , being the same from whom Sir Thomas Pope bought it , he being Privy

C ouncillor to the King ; and in 1 555 he founded which belonged to Durham College . It was founded ,

B 1 . . I h 1 6 , by ish o p Bury who died in 343 7 5 after many Trinity College dedicating it to the Holy and ,

Undivided Trinity . previous attempts to repair the ruined windows , they e h re- The Coll ge is entered from Broad Street throug were taken down , renovated , and placed , but they still e x hibit many curious remains of old painted glass gates of ironwork , adorned with the arms of the o f particularly noticeable being the ﬁgures of the four founder , the Earl Guildford and the College , and one

r Evangelists Edward III . and his Queen Philippa , and cannot but be st uck with the beauty of this quadrangle , ,

1 88 - a- e St . Thomas Becket , who is r presented with a frag enhanced by the new buildings completed in 7, and

- n w P . the e h o use of the resident . Passing under the ment of the dagger of Fitz Urse in his forehead the w square tower we enter ﬁrst court , in hich is L L THE HA , THE C H P E L A , 1 6 1 8 . built in the Gothic style in the year Later , in 1 6 h . 1 2 improvements were made , consisting of new completed in 94 , at the cost of Dr Bat urst , Presi 77 ,

- . of . ceilin wainscotting and chimney piece The statue dent the College This is said to be one of the most , g , “ e favourable specimens of the Corinthian style in of the founder (Sir Thomas Pope) is over the entranc ,

o . England the gateway and t wer , which are separate , and portraits of benefactors decorate the walls

. The being Ionic carving of the interior , by Grinling The West Court or Quadrangle was designed by Sir

o 1 68 2 . , Christopher Wren and was c mpleted in From Gibbons particularly of the cedar screen and an altar , piece , is unrivalled . . The ceiling was painted by thisquadrangle is the approach to “ Berchet , a F rench painter , its subject being The ” THE GAR D E N S AN D L I M E WAL K . Ascension . The monument of the founder and his eﬁi ies These Gardens with their broad grass plots and second wife , with g at full length , in marble , is , The Th v . placed at the upper end of the chapel. e stained splendid trees , one is ne er tired of visiting

O XF O R D IL L U S TR AT E D .

T HE C HAP E L , x a o except in e ternal w lls the last p rtion , pulled down N 1 66 o x early in the ineteenth Century , being an old building completed in 5, was rest red at great e pense in ’ a o K n ow , 1 86 2 . There are ﬁne specimens of wood carving by just b ve the ing s Arms Hotel the site being

b occupied by twelve sets of roo ms added to the Colleg e . Grinling Gi bons , the old cedar wainscotting and oak f c e The foundation o the College was intended by N icholas s reen having be n preserved at the restoration . The l of o o-d x o f Wadham , who set apart a considerab e sum money seven windows , north and south , are g e amples ’ the e 1 60 o f 1 6 1 for purpose , but his d ath in 9 , prevented him Van Linge s 4 , and are said to be amongst the

. o O carrying out his intentions His wid w , however , best of their kind in xford . It is worth recording x o that an old authority says in reference to these being his executri , carried out his views the foll wing “ w d year , purchasing the site and the remaining ruins from in ows , It fortunately happened that the building

O 60 0 . wa s 1 6 1 e the citizens of xford for £ The foundation was not at that time ( 4 ) in a stat to receive them “ 1 6 1 0 e e the - so that they esca ped the destruction to which works of laid in , with gr at cer mony , Vice Chan cello r -rocto rs b y art of that description were devoted by the anti , doctors , p , and others , accompanied

o , ecclesiastical S pirit of the period . The subjects of the the May r and his brethren walking in procession “ ’ o . enamel paintings on the south side are the Fall of fr m St Mary s Church with Te Deum , chanted by ” ” O choristers and singing men , and the whole concluded Man , Abraham entertains the Angels , The ffer ” “ with an oration and an anthem . The buildings were ing of Isaac , Martha and Mary , and The ” x completed in 1 6 1 3 at the cost of and the E pulsion from the Temple with , on the north side , ’ ” “ E ﬁrst Warden , Dr . Wright , admitted in that year . Jacob s Dream , Translation of lijah , and ” Jonah and the Whale . T L L HE HA ,

built with the College buildings , but its decorations not E W O . ADHAM C LLEG 1 6 2 2 e co mpleted until , that year b ing recorded on some

it the . O The early history of the site of this College is that of old glass ver the entrance , facing the quad

wa s O x . . ccupied by e tensive buildings belonging to rangle , is a statue of James I under a canopy , with N the two ﬁgures of icholas and Dorothy Wadham , the Augustinian Friars , who came to England in the middle of the Thirteenth Century . They here taught theolog former in armour , holding in his rig ht hand the model

n earlj of the College . Dr . Turney , whilst Warden , consider and philosophy , and became so famous that for thre e centuries after their dissolution the practi ce of ably improved and embellished the Hall , and gave the

splendid glass in the great south window . The large holding disputations , called doing Austins , continued r ‘ the side n ab olisl ed oriel and . windows are adorned with the arms without i ter uption , and was only in the

of l . y 1 80 0 . N o of the chief members the Co lege This Hall is ear traces of the buildings now exist , O XF O R D IL L U S T R AT E D .

of now said to be one the most handsome and appro the founder and o ther benefactors . The other ﬁve priate specimens of College R efectories to be found in u windows on each side are of our Savio r , the Prophets

- . 8 2 1 either University It is feet long , 35 feet wide , by 8 8 . e and Apostles , of the date 3 The ante chap l ﬂoor

feet high , and it contains amongst a large number wa s 1 6 8 o 37 paved with marble in 7 , and the hands me N h o 1 6 1 . of p rtraits , ic olas Wadham the founder , and also brass lectern presented in 9

the wife , King George L , King William III . , and THE L IB R AR Y AN D GAR D E N S . Admiral Blake . r the THE C HAP E L . The libra y is built over the kitchen beyond quad n o Although the general characteristics o f the a rchitec ra gle , and forms an additional wing , corresp nding o e with the Cha pel on the pposite side , and connected ture of the College is its uniformity , in the chap l , hall ,

o . 0 and library windows is clearly to be noticed distinct with it by a cl ister It is 55 feet by 3 feet , and at o t the end is lighted by a hands me window , the side differences , indicative of the Transi ional period of i windows being narrow and of Gothic character . The arch tecture . It has been suggested by some that the original windows of the Augustinian Chapel were Gardens , entered by a passage near the clock , possess o aurica rias some very fine trees , including n ble cedars , , incorporated into the new building , which might i lv n ce . h f and others , and are laid out account for some of t ese dif erences of style , but this t must be left o conjecture . It is 83 feet by 35 feet O R R O . - O W CESTE C LLEGE and 37 feet high , and is one of the finest m xford the open - timbered roo f being a curi o us example of adapting This College is described as be ing the last of the old w Gothic to Jacobean detail , whilst the orkmanship of Colleges , it being established as the present foundation 1 1 o the whole is beautifully finished . The ancient glass in 7 4 by the Trustees of Sir Th mas Cookes , of

- e e r P o unce fo rd . by Van Ling has b en prese ved , and amongst the Bentley , Worcestershire The early history papers o f the College 1 8 an interesting one illustrative of its previous foundations is a chequered but exceed in l of the contracts with glass stainers , being the contract g y interesting one The original foundation is dated b y 1 6 2 1 1 2 8 wa s f signed Bernard Van Linge in for the east 3, and established by Baron Gi fard for

1 0 0 . B window at £ The four windows on either side enedictine Monks from Gloucester , and called O are also of stained glass . In the east window the Gloucester College . ther Benedictine houses soon two obtained leave to associate themselves with the foun da subjects are divided into compartments , being the

O l o . e d tion including the religious h uses of At Albans , principal typ s in the Testament relating to our , the o N Saviour , and in ten c mpartments below the Abingdon , and orwich ; the members of each house , , most remarkable circumstances of His history recorded which were disti n guished by escutcheons and rebuses h N ew t i t e . h o in Tes ament T ere are also the arms of above the d ors , constructing separate dwell ngs for

O XF O R D IL L U STR AT E D .

to covet ﬁ ne e gardens and pleasant walks , adorned charact r , built in the Classic style ; the ent rance is “ ” . o with water , groves , etc ﬂanked by two C rinthian c o lumns rising through b o th S stories , and upporting a pediment . The Chapel has

M N . ST . ED U D HALL memorial windows of recent date , and a stained glass

east window , designed by William Morris . The altar The records of Magdalen College , under the date of ” 1 2 60 R piece represents Christ bearing His Cross . The , in referring to this Hall , state that alph gave to his o upper storey is the Library , which contains several it four s ns , the building receiving the name of “ o th usand ,volumes of classical and theological works R , the Hall of the F o ur Sons of Edmund . alph Edmund was a citizen of O xford in the reign of Henry many of which are rare .

h 1 2 . III . , w ich gives 33 as the date of the foundation R It is also said to take its name from Edmund ich , of o who Abingd n , Archbishop of Canterbury , lectured in he h T C a t e d r a l . ﬂ ‘ 1 2 1 who schools on this site as early as 9 , and after his 1 2 6 HI S death was canonized . In 9 it was purchased by the building is frequently erroneously termed “ ” a o f O o f u Christ Church Cathedral , the proper title C nons sney for the purposes ed cation , but “ ” 1 1 n being the Cathedral Church of Christ . As a the record of its history is lost until 3 7, whe John b y x de Cornubia was Principal . It was suppressed church it had an e istence several centuries before it x c O . o f O became the Cathedral of the Dio ese of xford , the Henry VIII , and granted to two citizens ford , ’ the transference of the bishopric from O sney Abbey to who sold it to Provost of Queen s College , and in

1 h O xford Cathedral taking place in 1 46 . It was 557 he devised it to his College , whic , having been 5 Frideswide conﬁrmed by Congregation and the Chancellor of the orig inally the Church of the Priory of St . , v e and is directly connected with the earliest recorded Uni ersity , secured to them the p rpetual right of

r O x . n ominating the Principal . The irregular and quaint histo y of ford , carrying us back to Saxon days t o o o Al h ugh much of the earliest hist ry is legendary , the buildings , chieﬂy dating fr m the middle of the Seven teenth C story of its original foundation is generally accepted entury , occupy little more than three sides f o f - a a as ounded on fact , and quoting from Anthony Wood ; , qu drangle the Hall forming the west side and “ : 2 the Chapel and Library being on the east side . This may be thus summarized About the year 7 7 there O x H al l is the only e x ample left of the old system of lived at ford a petty king named Didan , who built

- u . U niversity life ante dating the ﬁ rst College foundation . a house or fo nded a nunnery for his daughter , St Frideswide n The Chapel and Library are interesting as being the , which foundatio consisted of twelve s e only case in which they a re comprised in one building . religiou virgins of noble birth as , his daughter b ing

1 680 n a princess , she utterly disliked the notion that she The building dates from , and is of si gular O XF O R D IL L U S TR AT E D .

’ v h l should be subject to her inferiors . After taking the and granted lea e for some o f t em to sett e N o veil in her own nunnery , she was sought in marriage , in Wessex after which in vember of the same year ‘ ’ ’ l o . a l being accounted the ﬂ wer of all these parts , by he gave orders that on St Brice s Day the Danes

Algar , King of Leicester , who would not take a refusal , in his dominions should be put to death ; and in this r but sent ambassadors , who were smitten with blindness Charter he acknowledges giving the orde and carrying

u ff . : in endeavo ring treacherously to carry her o . He out the same The Charter states But as many of O x then made for ford , and ﬁnding she had taken refuge the Danes who dwelt in the City broke the doors and amongst the woods at Bam pton pursued her and was bolts and entered the sanctuary of Christ by force in ”

o . e o an d smitten with blindness als Wh n she returned striving to avoid death , the people f llowed them , o the three years later , the hist rian continues , the citizens failing to turn them out , ﬂung ﬁre upon timber lived , if I might say , in a golden age , for no king or work , and burned the church with its ornaments and _ O ” ” . F rid w . enemy durst approach xford St . es ide died books It is said that at this early date there was a in 739 , and was buried in her own church . The main tower in which the last stand of the Danes was made . the 1 0 0 h facts of above story are given in a document of St . In 9 the Danes revenged t emselves by an ’ Frideswide s Monastery of 1 0 0 4 ; in which King une x pe cted advance through the f o rests of the Chiltern

. O x . Ethelred. grants a Charter to them The oldest part Hills and sacked and burned ford There is much of the present building is a piece of wall at the eastern difference of opinion as to whether Ethelred re- built the is rob a bl end , which p y part of the original church built Church or that it perished , and that in the latter half

f - o . re . in the ﬁrst half the Eighth Century The Priory of the Twelfth Century , it was built or restored afterwards became a Monastery ; after which the The Chapter House doorway however seems t o day to

- re 1 1 2 2 . Augustinian Canons placed the Monks , about , show work earlier than the end of the Twelfth Century o h under Guimond , a reputed Chaplain of Henry I . and The upper p rtion of the Tower , wit the addition of

. Frideswide the relics of St , having become renowned its spire , was built at the beginning of the Thirteenth ’ F ride swide s W for the working of miracles , increased its glory so Century , together with St . Chapel hilst h r much t at its wealth and importance were largely in the Fourteenth Centu y the Latin Cha pel was added . 1 2 augmented , until in 5 4 Wolsey obtained the surrender The glass in the windows on the north side are Four o teenth co m of it to the King by John Burt n , the Prior for the Century work , whilst the east window , r t ideswide me mo a es . Fr building of his College ; its revenues amounting to the story of St , from designs ’ ' - - 0 0 . W ls 1 0 0 . . o e s e £ 3 a year By the document of , above quoted by Sir E Burne Jones During op ration 4 , y ’ we ﬁnd that in 1 0 0 2 the church was burned under the a he — , in the building of his C rdinal s College swept away : 1 0 0 2 o following circumstances Ethelred early in the three west bays of the nave , seri usly reducing the bou ht o ff the Danes b the enormous payment of e o and g y dim nsi ns of the church , to him is also attributed

O XF O R D IL L U S TR AT E D .

. M N 1 1 80 his brother the subject being St . ichael expelling the a ﬁne orman doorway , of the supposed date of Th x i Dragon and Fallen Angels . e window at the west the interior of the building is an e cellent restorat on end of the north aisle is one of several that existed early of Early English architecture . In the south wall is ’ ’ ﬁxed the foundation stone of W o lsey s College at in the Seventeenth Century of Van Linge s , represent

1 2 8 . ing the story of Jonah and the Gourd , the others I pswich , bearing the date 5 having given place to memorial windows . In St . ’ of u Lucy s Chapel , south the choir , is the c rious Becket 1 0 window of the year 35 , representing the murder of n O l d S tu d e n t L i fe . i B h the Archbishop , the head of ecket aving been the . HE features of University Student Life in obliterated , it is said , by command of Henry VIII h w O , Middle Ages hen xford was crowded with At the eastern corner of the c apel is the altar tomb , a R o desirio us v under recessed c nopy , of bert King , last Abbot of young men and boys of a ailing them O O x 1 u o (1 . s elves of educational facilities , and the feat res of the sney and ﬁrst Bish p of ford , 557 the window O x d above showing the Bishop in his canonicals , with the present day life at ford are so vastly ifferent that Abbey in the background this wind o w was preserved it is almost impossible for the mind to realise such a f diﬂi cult by its removal by a member o the family before the difference could e x ist . It is to form any correct

O x 1 6 6 re - con surrender of ford in 4 , and was placed after opinion as to the numbers , as statements vary

R 1 66 1 . l o of the estoration in Among the many memorials siderab y . Fl rence Worcester (writing of the time are a life - like bust in marble of Prin ce Leopold in the in which he was living) referring to the exodus of n eﬂi i x the 1 2 0 South Chapel ; mo uments with g es to Dean scholars fro m O f o rd in year 9 , incidentally R 1 B D . 0 . , 9 , , mentions that all masters and scholars seceded from Godwin 5 and obert Burton , author of the b 1 6 0 . Anatomy of Melancholy , 4 , in the lady chapel A the University to the num er of leaving not one ” - 1 d brass in the ﬂoor shows the supposed resting place of behind . The Bishop of Armagh , in 357, state that be S t. Frideswide 1 2 0 , whilst a marble slab in the nave marks in his University days , in 3 , they num red the burying place of Dr . Pusey . The organ screen is although he admitte d there were only in that x remarkable for its curious mi ture of Gothic and Italian year . Accepting this latter number as a correct i . n o detail The organ , which was built by Schmidt estimate in view of the kn wledge that the population , 1 680 , and since improved by Gray and Davison in of O xford must have been exceedingly small in those

' 1 8 8 1 8 6 1 0 8 e 4 , , days the population at the Survey in 5, b ing was placed in its present position in 7 the , framework of the organ loft being completed in 1 888 . betwee n and only ; we are lost in the — Adjoining the south transept is the entrance to the consideration how the number of roughly C d b s loisters , from which the chapter house is entere by speaking , double the num er of present day tudents O XF O R D IL L U STR AT E D .

- could have been provided fo r at all . It is describe d as the old student was encircled with a loop holed city

u of . disturbin i l being a seething mass of yo ng life , full g wall , and the streets ntersected by a abyrinth of d w o elements in which anything was goo enough to form squalid lanes , crowded ith h stelries , the present a division and produce constant brawling and ﬁghting , student enjoys the fullest advantages which sanitary “ the favo urite cry being N orth against South the science ca n produce 1 11 wide streets lighted with contentions between these parties sometimes attaining electricity , every house inhabited by students being 2 ﬂi ia . 1 2 o c l the magnitude of a battle In 5 one of the most required to pass an sanitary inspection , and

h - serious of t ese inter student conﬂicts took place , nearly every College having its own large private resulting in such restrictive measures being passed gardens and cricket and tennis grounds . The whole e e that abolished the celebration of all national festivals , features of College life have also und rgone an entir ’ o - and the imposition of, an ath on all members of the change to day s students being drawn from an entirely ,

University not to break the peace in this way . It is different class ; the former being largely those who c w bo l known that the students were in such large numbers ombined education ith , if not la ur , at east the ” s- that they were crowded in little Hall , or in the strictest economy in their studies ; whilst the student

- houses of pri vate citize ns . The Halls were houses o f to day is almost without exception of the wealthy r rented by a group of students , who selected one of or middle class , to whom economy is a seconda y b the their num er to act as principal , look after consideration . The hours devoted to study also have

a s - commiss riat , and exercise headship over his fellow since tho e early da y s of highly valued educational

. . n lodgers In the days of Edward I there are said to facilities been co siderably reduced , the present day

0 0 O x . 1 0 1 have been 3 of such Halls in ford As Falkner requirements being lectures enerally from to , a in his History states the life of the students in such g student sometimes attending two of an hour each , but places was rough beyond description ; whilst their more often only one , and often absenting himself

- d lodgings ; were squalid and over crowde , and their . altogether The afternoons , up to dinner at six in habits such as to offend all modern ideas of comfort , winter , and seven in summer , are almost without x sanitation , or decency to , e ception devoted football , athletics , cricket

boating or other pleasures , leaving the hours after dinner free for study which to the earnest worker are P r e s en t S tu d e n t L i fe . a “ ” S very valuable , when he is abl e to port his oak , a

. O contrast could be greater than that afforded by sign even to his friends. that he is to be undisturbed the surroundings and - da 1 1y life o f the O x ford The wild scenes of turmoil a n d bloodshed have entirely o W i student of t day as compared th the student disappeared , without doubt largely due to the exuberant ' h the Thirtee nth and F ourteenth Centuri es . W ilst energies of youth expending themselves on the river

O XF O R D IL L U S T R AT E D .

The v their o wn library . grant from the University Chest each instruction , to ser e country in the most ” ' a Th e . e year is and its ndowments ne rly effective manner building , which was first 1 88 The main entrance is by a finely carved doorway opened in 4 , is built somewhat in the Elizabethan l o 1 2 0 opposite Keble Co lege , into a main c urt of feet c o style , with an o tagonal t wer , with decorations and o square , with a glass ro f , supported entirely by iron . cupolas In the basement there are two lecture rooms , the work in columns and arches , heads of every column and on the ground floor a reading room and a lecture being enriched with foliage of wrought iron of different M room ; with , on the first floor , an Indian useum and

a - desi ns . The materi ls of the piers are of different o ﬁ re g more lecture ro ms , and a proof library , having 1 2 ff , geological formations and 5 shafts are all of di erent ﬁne oriel windows . The memorial stone was laid by

b f . rocks and mar les o the British Islands The whole son Albert Edward , of the Empress of India , on May court is surrounded by an arcade on the g round ﬂoor , 2 nd y , as the brass tablet in the entrance lobb is and a gallery above , from which access obtained to has inscribed ; and the building from designs of Mr .

e . the various and many d partments The theatre , or C ha m ne s 1 8 6 . Basil p y , of London , was completed in 9 l o n 0 0 . ecture room , the ﬁrst ﬂoor , will seat 5 persons

- R n The Pitt ivers collectio , one of the most attractive TH E TAYLO R I N STITUTI O N - scie ntiﬁ c v features to the non isitor , has a large room on the farther side of the main court especially devoted is the eastern portion of a grand pile o f buildings of the

. The s Ionic style facing St . Giles ; the remaining portion to it library , almo t entirely consisting of works

o . being in Beaumont Street and consisting of the on physical science , contains about v ls The building has a frontage to the Parks R oad of nearly Ashmolean Museum and University Galleries . The 0 0 ﬁ ne m 4 feet , and is a very odern addition to the many front of the Taylor Institution has four Ionic pillars , h n Fr an beautiful arc itectural buildings of the U iversity . crowned with statues , personating ae, Germany , 51 Spain and Italy . It was founded from bequest of R e who 1 2 N N N Sir ob rt Taylor , died in 79 , for the erection I DIA I STITUTE . of a building for teaching and improving the European h This building , situate at the corner of olywell Street languages but its building was not completed until o and Broad Street , wes its foundation to the e xertions 1 8 8 . 0 The interior consists of a spacious library , 4 M 4 of Sir onier Williams , Boden Professor of Sanskrit , 0 “ feet by 4 feet ; six lecture and class rooms , and a for the work o f fostering and facilitating Indian ’ studies in the University and for the work of qualifying superintende nt s residence . The leading periodicals of France , Germany , Spain _ Italy may always be young E nglishmen for Indian careers and qualifying and , found in the Library . young Indians , who come to us for training and O XF O R D IL L U STR AT E D . M O N AN D R ASH LEA MUSEUM PICTU E the e gave scope to originality of design , which archit ct R GALLE IES . has most effectively shewn . The side to King Street These buildings have an impo sing frontage to Beau is apparently intended at some future period to take the mont Street , being a reproduction of the temple Apollo place of the High Street entrance and to be the

0 B. C . Epicurus built 43 , and consists of a central block b , princi pal front its plan eing three sides of a square ,

with two wings , the frontage being relieved by six with the two wings thr o wn forward . The present columns supporting a pediment cro wned with a figure r fi nel principal entrance is f om High Street , having a y 2 0 1 0 0 of Apollo ; its length being 4 feet by feet deep , o rchwa carved p y with pillars on each side , and being forming three sidesof a quadrangle . It was built with adorned in relief with appropriate scenes of University 1 8 1 - — the Taylor Institution from 4 49 , at a cost of over e c x student life the one b ing the Viva Vo e E amination , Th The Museum and Galleries comprise a and the other the Conferment of Degrees . e frontage c o s ulpture gallery on the ground flo r , and a fireproof is relieved by very fine mullioned windows and an ne w gallery and picture gallery on the first floor . A e ornamental parap t to each wing , crowned with a 1 8 building was added in 94 at a cost of for delicate but effective louvre . The interior abounds the removal of the contents of the old Ashmolean with marble and alabaster worked into the structure r Museum in B oad Street to this site . It now includes in panels and balustrading to the staircase , with ’ ” the e m k collection known as Trad scant s Ark , formerly w o a the r oo s wainscotted ith panelled , and the

at Lambeth , collected by John Tradescant early in the ce ilings designed in panels of stucco in rich designs . ’ F rtnum s Seventeenth Century ; together with Dr . o 1 1 1 1 0 There are three Writing Schools of 4 feet , feet ‘ ' h collection of bronzes , majolicas , and ot er artistic and 90 feet in length and twelve viva voce rooms ;

- c x relics ; also the hief e cavations of Professor Petrie whilst the entrance hall or waiting room is 79 feet by l e 2 6 w 1 in Egypt , a ﬁne co lection of Gre k vases , the Arundel feet . The hole building is ﬁtted with 9 electric e and Pomfret marbles , and the c lebrated jewel , known r clocks , and every oom has electric communication with ’ ”

. as Alfred s Jewel the ofﬁcial at the entrance hall . At the eastern corner of these buildings is a block devoted to the Delegates

N E W X N O N O - O S . E AMI ATI SCH L of the N o n Collegiate Students . This was erected in 1 88 d o 1 8 - 82 7 and is built entirely in character with the other These buildings , erecte fr m 77 at a cost , 1 elieved e 1 0 0 0 0 0 are portion of the building ; its front being with inclusive of sit , of £ , , near the eastern end ' to the , of High Street . They were built from the designs of three Gothic windows and gables High Street

M r. whilst near the corner of the building in King Street Jackson , after the Italian Gothic style ; and from t the oppo rtunity which was here given of displaying a there is a very ﬁne circular oriel window , crowned wi h o to t e a cupola . double frontage , b th High S r et and King Street ,

O XF O R D IL L U S TR AT E D .

N ’ R E w ALL SAI TS CHU CH , d ard the Elder , although in the Chronicles of A e 2 bingdon Abb y is a story of its building , making Cnut e . 1 1 2 situate in High Str et , was given by Henry I in 1 its f o under in the y ear 0 34 . Falkner in his record Frideswide . to the canons of St . Its Vicarage was

h O . 1 1 0 states that it was the first parish churc in xford created in 9 , and it having been presented by 1 2 B The tower has been substantially restored without E d ward I I . in 3 7 to the ishop of Lincoln , was given alteration of structure , and is practically the same to Lincoln College by Bishop Fleming , its founder , w 2 to er with the addition of buttresses and turret at about 1 4 7. The spire of the church having fallen - 1 6 x north east angle carrying a flagstaff . By order of through the building in 99 , the e isting edifice was E . 1 1 1 0 8 -m o f dward III the tower was reduced in height in 34 in built in 7 , fro the designs Dean Aldrich , of order that the townsmen might not ann oy the scholars Christ Church , its mixture of Corinthian and Italian O x a r hitec with stones and arrows thrown from its summit . The c/ style making it a striking feature of ford i y tower has an illuminated clock , which was presented ture . It is built in the Corinthian st le , with a “ R . . . o f Burco te by Mr G Higgins , ; beneath which a re balustrade encircling the building , and has a finely “ ' o raceful s ire 1 placed a pair of old figures kn wn as the quarter ornamented tower with a g p , altogether 53 fo r o boys , which have been preserved many years in feet in height . The interior is hands me and lofty , x 1 esume 2 the City Library , and are now fi ed to their 4 , being remarkable for the extent of its span , feet w o old ork of striking with hammers at every quarter without the aid of a pillar . Its interior was rest red in hour . The tower preserves its peal of six bells dating 1 6 1 8 6 , 8 6 its or an enlarged in 9 , and the tower and , g from 1 678 . south front restored under the superintendence of M r.

- 1 8 0 . re . H . W . Moore during 99 9 Since the moval of St ’ ’ AL DAT E ’ . S R 1 8 ST CHU CH . Martin s Church from Carfax , in 9 5, All Saints has ( hurch y fﬁ This takes its name from St . Eldad or become the Cit Church , and is attended o cially by , 0 i . t o the Mayor and Corporation every Sunday morning Aldate , who lived about the year 4 5 , and is sa d b fo un de l 1 0 0 have een or restored about . It is a The living is a Vicarage in the gift of Lincoln College , 4

a n d l R ev. . . . . e stone structure of great antiquity , having ﬁve arches is he d by the A J Carlyle , M A , lat Fellow x N of U n iversitv College . on the north side e hibiting traces of Early orman

t . F r work . Its immediate vicinity o St ideswide and it ’

M R N . ST . A TI S being vested in Abingdon Ab'bey tend to prove its 1 8 6 y w the The body of the church was r emoved in 9 , for antiquit ; hilst fact that the upper part of the t e u s wa s the o f Bro ad a t the purpose of widening Carfax , and o h r improve so th ai le in use as Library g ess Hall ‘ e o en . w c e b ments , leaving the tower as a p rm n memorial hi h had earli r also been part property of the Ab ey , e e i n The church is said to have been fo un ded in by co a ti rr s this su p s tio . Some of the stone seats O XF O R D IL L U S T R AT E D .

v 1 8 h h or arched stalls in , the chancel were disco ered in the In 4 5 the District C urc of Holy Trinity was

N e . R y early part of the in teenth Century behind the panel added It is built in Blackfriars oad , in the Earl o a n d work . The present building is c mposed of various English style , all of stone ; consists of nave and

r . styles in excellent state of prese vation , with a vaulted two aisles Erected at a cost of which was crypt under the south aisle . This aisle was built by raised by subscription . Docklin to n M O 1 6 Sir John a ayor of xford , in 33 , and g , - - - . E E R I N THE ST P T EAST . 1 1 the north aisle followed in 4 55. In 86 2 extensive According to Wood this “ was the ﬁrst church of repairs with enlargement took place , and the tower ” and spire were re- built in 1 873 at a cost of stone that appeared in these parts , some historians N whilst the roofs of the nave and south a i sle have since claiming the inth Century for its foundation . It has x N o be en renewed . an e cellent orman do rway , and a very ﬁne crypt e beneath the chanc l , having eight pillars and a vaulted M N DP O N . R T . — ST ATTHEW , G A roo ff the crypt is said to be scarcely inferior in interest ’ Al r . da te s . This church is a tithing of St Parish , being to that . of Canterbu y Cathedral The church consists

. y separated from it by the Isis It was formerly in the , , of chancel with lad chapel nave , north aisle south , of B m fo r con county erks , but by the Local Government Act , porch and a western tower , re arkable its 1 888 B the t , it was included in the extended orough of struction , walls sloping inwards from the base o

O x . ford The church was built in the Perpendicular its summit .

i n 1 8 0 - 1 style 9 ’ at a cost of about the site being R ST . MICHAEL S CHU CH . given by Brasenose College . The tower of this church is one of the most interest E BBE ’ R ST . S CHU CH . ing of the many buildings of O x ford its peculiar 8 1 6 o f x The present building was completed in 1 in the proportions , the long and short work Sa on . o o the Early Decorated style , the t wer and a portion of the character shewn in the n rth angle of tower , and

south wall being the remnants of the old church . The the proof of its having been a ﬁghting tower in not

N y . The ﬁne orman doorway in the south aisle was carefull having a staircase , amply proves its antiquity

r - i r - f a rchitec e constructed dur ng this e building . The date o the church which is a building of mixed styles of , the h o original foundation is unknown , but c urch is ture has incor orated the City Wall on its n rth side , , p

- S t s b fE the lfred . named after Eb a, daughter of , King of and has front entrance from Ship Street It underwent

' w i d n 0 . The 1 8 o ho d e i 6 . : 5 church was a complete restoration in 54 , and c nsists of chancel , 1 86 o restored in 5, and consists of chancel , nave south nave north chapel and south aisle , with t wer contain , ,

aisle and tower ing six bells .

O XF O R D IL L U S T R AT E D .

1 Students , who must be 7, are required to pass an Ac co m m o d a ti o n . ﬂ m e x amination bef o re admission . The Hall has a cco HE R E mo da tio n 2 is no lack of Hotel and Boarding House for 4 students , and has a dining room , n accommodatio , conspicuous among the latter e . chap l , library and common sitting rooms The ” o may be mentioned The Isis , which is pleasantly garden , adj ining the University Parks , has grass and S R the who ituated , facing Christ Church ecreation Grounds , gravel tennis courts , and students , have passed five minutes from Magdalen College a n d Examination a swimming test , are provided with boats on the “ ” o - Sch ols , and Wolsey House , a newly established Cherwell . ST ’ boarding house in a building of ancient and historic . H ILDA S HALL , interest . It is centrally situated , opposite Christ 1 8 situate in Cowley Place , was opened in 9 3, for the Church College and close to the river . ’ reception o f women students from the Ladies College ,

Cheltenham . . It is conducted on the principles of the

Church of England , but receives members of other T h e R i ve r . a m religious deno inations als o . It has accommodation 2 8 E O x for students . N of the greatest attractions to ford is o undoubtedly the river , kn wn locally as the O O FO R R “ Isis and during recent years its attractive H IGH SCH L GI LS , o 1 8 B R ness has been c nsiderably increased by the opening up was built in 79 , in anbury oad , at a cost of B x . Salter rothers , of an e cellent daily by , . . . Messrs It is from the designs of Mr T G Jackson , O x steamer service between ford and Kingston , which and is in moulded brickw o rk in Queen Anne style ; by special arran ements with the Great Western R ail 0 0 g there is accommodation for 3 day pupils , and there a way Company , also combines circular trip of half - are several connected boarding houses . The course of railway and half steamer . Upon viewing the river from ex instruction is of an tended character , and a special 1 8 2 6 Folly Bridge which was built in , at a cost of teacher is attached to the staff for physical training one, is struck with the beautiful appearance and a daily drill . The school is subject to an annual of the long row of the College barges ; nearly every inspection and examination by the O xford and College for racing and training purposes , having a E , Cambridge School xamination Board . O x barge stationed on the fordshire side , beautifully

- ﬁtted up for use as a club room , with dressing and M reading rooms . any thousands of visitors and citizens line the banks and cr owd the boats during the O XF O R D IL L U S TR AT E D .

’ ' 0 which ha s of the church , which for 75 years has crowned the Eights Week , now come to be recognised ’ f o garden of the Vicarage . About a mile urther d wn as the Visitors Week , and the principal event of the O the river is approached a noted riverside hostelry , _Summer Term at xford , it being such a scene of “ d animation and e x citement as once witnessed would Kenni ngton Island , at which many ko aks have o o b e ever after remembered . These contests are r wed snapped , and which has pr duced many an interesting u o reminiscence of a river trip . Immediately p n passing in two divisions of about twelve boats each , starting O x c , at equal distances behind each other . The boats are Sandford Lo k , 3 miles from ford the river begins

- x to open out , a presents a series of charming and eig ht oared , with a co swain , who endeavours to ' “ ” - o o r interesting scenes both in an abundance of low lying displace the b at preceding him by bumping , , o grass lands , and ﬁne hills cr wned with splendid striking the boat , each crew being distinguished by the

- r timber . Continuing through this beautiful scenery , at colou ed jackets and crests of their College , whilst the O x e xcited shouts and cheers of their partisans on the six miles fro m ford we approach e banks are heard miles away . B sides the London c steamers giving the daily service , the ordinary lo al steamer traffic has grown very rapidly during recent N u n e h a m C o u r te n a y . ﬂ years ; every evening during the summer season there o I fﬂe is a service of steamers from F lly Bridge to y at HE estate is a very ancient one , and acquired its ' a e R 1 2 1 frequent intervals at far of two pence each way ; name from obert de Courtenay , who , in 4 ,

o r R . whilst als , for privately organised parties , steamers ma ried into the family of William de edvers N bee n lo rds may be chartered for trips to uneham , Abingdon , and Earl of Devon , who had previously , of the 1 1 0 e other places farther down the river at a very moderate manor . In 7 the estate pass d into the hands of

. 1 o charge At the distance of % miles fr m Folly Simon , Lord Chancellor of England , the first Baron I fll e o n e Bridg e is y Lock , of the three locks that were and Viscount Harcourt , by purchase , at a cost of provided fo r by Act of Parli a ment in 1 6 2 4 for opening In 1 772 the village was removed to its o f Burco te R o o river from by Abingdon , for the benefit of present site on the London oad , from its old p siti n O —the o ther the University and City of xford _ locks near the house , which is a plain stone building consist sw1ft c o being Sandford and Culham in the ditch as ing of a central blo k with wings , c nnected by e a result of the water being thus kept up the first barge corridors . The gardens are v ry fine , and under " O o t l s 1 . o was brought up to xf rd on August 6 , , certain restrictions with the park are thr wn open to 3 35 , Adjoining the lock is the ancient M ill of I fll e which o y , the public on Tuesdays and Thursdays fr m the N e e can be traced back nearly to orman days . Just below beginning of May till S ptemb r , and are a favourite the lock is a charming view of the old N orman tower trip by steamer or houseboat during the season ; the

O XF O R D IL L U S TR AT E D .

- h . the t e light window ,The north and south doorways are altar tomb existed at time of the restoration of N h o e also orman , with ornamented piers and capitals ; c urch , on the n rth side of the chancel ; this b ing two o only the west wind ws on either side of the nave destroyed , the upper slab , unfortunately without its o remaining in their original style , but the mouldings of brasses was rem ved to the west wall of the church , , o the others remain in the interi r ; the ﬁve windows on where it still remains , to the memory of Arthur Pitts , h B eac side displaying in the construction of arches ﬁve of rasenose College , Archdeacon and

. R 1 . different characters of architecture The tower arches egistrar of the Diocese , who died 579 In the S i the pring from p ers with cushioned capitals and shafts churchyard is a cross , base and shaft of which are of black marble , whilst the two arches are recessed and ancient ; it be ing generally understood to express that

- elaborately carved with ﬂ owers and zig zag work . it was evidence of the church being consecrated and 1 8 2 1 8 Extensive repairs were made in 3 and 44 ; in the the churchyard entitl ed to the right of sanctuary , which

re- latter year the western gable was constructed , and did n o t extend beyond a distance of thirty yards from

o . o the nave ro f restored to its original height The the church door . There is also adj ining a venerable w wa s 1 8 8 o chancel , hich restored in , is vaulted with e w 5 y tree , the trunk of which is holl w from age and is

e c . stone and groin d , its splendid ceiling being completely said to be as old as the hurch in character with the older w o rk . It consists of two N bays , the western one being orman and the second ,

Early English , supposed to have been added to the I ffl e y M i l l . fl o-f R e original church by the Prior Kenilworth , ob rt of I fll e E ftele 1 2 0 . HE picturesque a pearance of y Mill has been y , about 7 The later windows and the p o f for many years a great attraction to artists and chancel are the Thirteenth Century , and in the e N orman portion the mouldings of the ancient windows photographers . Th re has been a mill here M un iments o e o . remain . In the tower and nave four Perpendicular almost from time imm m rial The f ’ ol l e e son windows have been inserted with the N orman mould fil a ga a l en C g state that William , the of o f Manfred the Miller gave S ixpence of annual rent to the ings , dating from the latter half the Fifteenth , ”

. e Hospital of St . John the Baptist , after the death of Century The tower has also , in the b lfry storey , two

R 1 2 2 0 . N o e Juliana de emigio , who died in In the time orman wind ws on each sid , and a turret at the “ north- west corner ; in the centre of the north row of of Edward the First it is noticed with free water for o of I fll e o x . fishing fr m the village y to the mill called battlements is the figure of an The font , which x Bo mille but there is an annual rent of 44 shillings to is a very early and curious e ample , is of black marble , y , ” 1 66 of . ft . 6in . o the lord the manor Since the year 4 it is about 3 square , supp rted on a circular stone o . known to have belonged to Lincoln College , t gether pedestal , with four smaller ones at the angles An old O XF O R D IL L U S TR AT E D . with land adjoining and the right to the fishery as in Elizabeth was later confined as a priso ner in the gate ' evidence produced by the College before a Select house by M ary whilst she was Queen . In the reign of N 1 8 6 Queen Anne , the Manor of Woodstock , together with Commission on the Thames avigation Bill in 5 , 1 66 h a receipt was produced of the year 4 for a reserved Wootton , was granted to Jo n Churchill , the great

. The rent of three shillings to the Priories of Littlemore . Duke of Marlborough and his heirs for ever site In 1 6 2 2 Sir Thomas Stoner and William Wickham of consists of about acres ; and the grant having “ Act o f ? 0 0 I fﬂe been conﬁrmed by Parliament , the sum of Abingdon gave £ 4 to Philip Pitts , of y , for

- 2 0 0 0 0 wa s of his interest in a lease of sixty fi ve years granted by £ 4 , granted for the erection the palace , h o f th i n Lincoln College in the time of Queen Elizabe th to his which was not completed at the deat e Duke 1 2 2 7 . The building , which is entirely of stone , is father Arthur Pitts . said to have cost over and consists of a long con block with square towers at each end , and wings nected e by colonnades , forming thre sides of a large Bl e n he i m P a l a c e . f fl court entered b y an archway . The whole area o the n buildings occupies three acres , and has a north fro tage HI S magnificent building which was commenced in to the park and a south frontage to the lawns—both 1 70 2 0 n 5, and was about years in erectio , is not 8 frontages being 34 feet in length . It is quite - c only in itself , as the master pie e of Sir John impossible to attempt justice to such a building as Vanbrugh , a very great attraction , but the interest e ' Blenheim Palac , as the notice of the several depart ln the estate of Woodstock is very greatly incr eased by ments must necessarily be very brief in a book of this the historical asso ciations of the R oyal Houses of character . A visit to Blenheim may perhaps best be .the o h reV 1 ous England with Bor ugh , t rough several p summarized in the words of a German visitor , who centuries . During the Saxon times we find King said : If nothing were to be seen in England but his d Alfred made residence at Woo stock , whilst in B lenheim , there would be no reason to repent the Ethelred ’ s reign he summoned Parliamen t to meet journey to this country . I r - . e here Henry built his palace here , enclosing the Upon entering the outer court one is struck with the ' I I park and stocking it with deer Henry . als o used it 2 2 massiveness of the entrance gates , which are % feet a u e i R his favo rit residence , his mistress , Fa r osamond , 1 . s in height , and weigh 7 tons The centre is ornamented a o having a conce led b wer in the woods , and dying here o s ; with a gilded tr phy of arms , standard and drums

' 1 1 ur G d stow N unn er t wo The o o y . in 77 was b ied at y , miles the upper p o rtion sh wing the famil crests

O i n . fﬁ from xford , the ruins of which are still existence ﬁrst court is devoted to the usual o ces of a large n n h Henry VII I . made large additio s to the palace , and estate , and passing through a seco d archway wit a

sesisfescsi sssfef

The C ity of O xfo rd be i ng so peculi a rl y a da pted fo r the m f V S 17 TU R L S TR E E T mm da o n of a e n u b e s o O R S b ea so of its o ther A ddress. a cco o ti l rg r I IT , y r n N o , ,

U N I V E R S I T Y L O DG I N G H O U S E S : O XFO R D.

he C o un c l ha s a o n ed a C o mm ee for the u o se t C ity i pp i t itt , p rp of a ffo rdi ng fa ciliti e s to those who co n template

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I L L U S T R AT E D H AN D B O O K T O O X F O R D ,

co nta i ning list o f L O D G I N G AN D B on R o mG H O U S E S

h e a so ma ke a ll e m n a a n eme n s fo r with prices. T y l pr li i ary rr g t a n sed P a es in se ec n C a e e s a nd secu n su a b e O rg i rti , l ti g t r r ri g it l n s fo r e mea s in a cco da n ce t he n umb e o f b uildi g th ir l , r with r the pa rty ; they pre - a rra nge

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h h of xf d over t e sig t s O or . O R DE R S BY P O S T

P U N C TU AL L Y ATTE N DE D TO .

‘ For P articulars and . Handbooks apply to

Hon . S ecretary , Tourist Committee, en hsb9 M iss BATE S P ro rietress g a IFF E Y O XO N . , x L , p

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O xf rd o . P hotographers to the la te Queen and o R ya l Fa mily .

established over o f rty years.

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All C ollege Groups a n d C l ub ro k G ups ept.

P ortraits o f C elebrities n Actress a d es.

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I N VE N TORI E S TAKE N AN D DI l API QATI ON S ASSE SSE D.

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I n Ho use o f Histo rical I nterest.

a dale S treet 1 4 S 1 5, M g n , exford

O osite C hrist C hurch. l Pro rietress. pp Appy. p N GR A N GS DR AW N G A D PAI E VI , I S , N N TlN GS C L E AN E D AN D R E O E D ST R .

E stablished 1819.

P R I N TS ELLER S AND

P U BLI SHE RS . A V S C R E R , GI LD S E R , P I C TU R E FRAM E M AKE RS .

x erienced Workmen sent O L D FR AM E S R E P AI R E D AN D G p to a"pam m w R E - G L E U L TO N E W . m I T Q A Kingdo .

E S BL S H E 2 TA I D 18 6 .

VNTAGE CHAM AN I P G ES.

D E LIVE R I E S DAILY TO AL P A R T S O F O X FO R D AN D O N A P P L ‘ S B R BS U U .

I n s id e R o o m .

’ i n c o n n e cti o n with thi s 66 " R etail S a lo o n Ba r 3a , S t. M ichael s S tree The TI V O I I E s ta b li s hm e n t ﬂ la a ﬂ , , (C orn market S treet E nd n m a r ke t S tr e e t 4 1 6 4 2 , C o r ,

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L E S E ( AT T AN E S ). E S TABL I S HE D 182

TH I S FI R M I S N O TE D

FO R I TS V E R Y FI N E S E L E C TI O N O F

S pirits in Bulk B o r o ttle .

V N AGE CHAM N I T PAG ES. AL S O FO R I TS

C ho ice S to ck o f

O ld Bo ttl e d P o r ts .

P urcha se rs wi shi n g to go over t he C e lla rs a re n ed t do i vit o so .

D E LIVE R I E S DAILY TO AL F ULL P R IC E L I S P A R T S O F O XFO R D AND O N AP S U BU R BS

I n s id e Vi e w o f S p ir i t R o o m .

’ i n c o n n e cti o n W ith thi s H t M ichael s S tree R eta il S a lo o n Ba r, The Tivo li , (C ornmarket S treet E nd