Energy Europe’s natural gas reserves Dräger Review 103 are stored in caverns Hazardous Goods Safer transport thanks to zero Dräger Review Dräger blood alcohol

coe 01 Risk and Safety 2011 October 103 Technology for Life October 2011 Dream When sleep is work

Risk New technologies require new strategies

EN_01_388_Titel.indd 1 08.09.11 08:17 Contents

150,000 kilos is the approximate weight of the apparatus used in a proton beam therapy for cancer patients at the rinecker proton therapy Center in munich. read more starting on page 24. elge h graphy: plainpicture/Sauber, OtO RbIs

ver ph CalCulating treating Co RPTC MUNICH

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4 experienCe She helps newborns 16 energy crude oil and natural gas 24 anesthesia the proton beam and their parents, he “does alcohol”. are stored in underground caves. is being used in a new kind of cancer these caverns are used to safeguard treatment – the beam is generated in 6 news the Dräger Design center energy supplies in times of crisis. a superconducting particle accelerator. is a virtual hospital. a training truck enables realistic accident-rescue 20 s hipping Companies 28 Dream researCh Dreams can exercises. Dräger strikes a high companies that transport hazardous help to heal the soul, but they profile at leading trade shows. materials bear a great responsibility. can also be haunting – for patients in germany, the hamburg-based hoyer in intensive care, for example. 8 Fo Cus Mankind has faced risks group is taking this role seriously – throughout its history, and people have for example, through its use of breath- 32 mobile g as DeteCtors learned to manage them. but our alcohol vehicle immobilizers. a blue steel cabinet is used to ensure high-tech world is giving rise to new orderly allocation and return of types of risks – which can only gas detection technology and other be overcome with new strategies. equipment.

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EN_02-03_388_Inhalt.indd 2 01.09.11 13:50 S age

helping DevelOping 36 Mara SoMMer 50 getty i M

36 Fire Fighting New Zealand 50 OutlOOk what can techno- iMprint Fire Service uses dramatic logy learn from animals? bionics Publisher: Drägerwerk Ag & co. KgaA, corporate communications campaigns to warn about dangers – uses ideas born from millions editorial address: Moislinger Allee 53–55, including those that can arise of years of evolution. 23558 Lübeck, germany / [email protected], www.draeger.com when using the stove at home. editor in Chief: björn wölke, 54 service Dräger worldwide. tel.: +49 451 882 20 09, Fax: +49 451 882 39 44 42 i nsight the Parat c has been Publishing House: teLLUS cOrPOrAte MeDiA gmbH providing protection against toxic fire- 56 clO se-up the UcF 7000 editorial Consultant: Nils Schiffhauer related gases for 30 years. the infrared camera can “see” people (responsible according to press law) art Direction, Design, and Picture editing: fire escape hoods are hand crafted. and hot spots through heavy redaktion 4 gmbH smoke. its “eye” is a special chip. translation: transForm gmbH Printing: Dräger + w ullenwever print+media 46 Drug test Südharz Hospital Lübeck gmbH & co. Kg in Nordhausen, germany, uses iSSN 1869-7275 the Drugtest 5000 as part of the admission process.

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EN_02-03_388_Inhalt.indd 3 01.09.11 13:51 ExpERIENCE PeOPle whO PerFOrM

What Moves Us – Dräger Worldwide

Elizabeth MacMillan York, Registered Nurse at the Sunnybrook NICU in Toronto, Canada “From time to time, i experience an unexpected moment of happi- veloped ventilation technologies and the other knowledge, skills, ness: i pass a family on the street and the parents recognize me. and strategies we needed. Neonatal intensive care was a unique ‘You took care of our baby in the NicU.’ we talk about the child area within pediatric medicine and nursing. today, we live in a and all that has happened since it was discharged. this child and world where we can share new knowledge and the latest tech- family were in our neonatal intensive care unit during what must nologies immediately. the global neonatal world has become very have been a very challenging time for the family. Such encoun- small and we can learn from each other globally, to the benefit of ters highlight for me the value of the work we do. in our profes- infants and families. sional world, these infants and their families are a part of our world the families are an integral part of the care team while their only for a short time – a matter of days or months. For the fami- infants are in our NicU and during visits to our Neonatal Follow lies we care for, we remain a part of their lives forever. the work Up clinic. Families support our work after leaving the NicU by we do today in neonatal intensive care has changed dramatically participating on our Family Advisory council. this council gives since i began working in the field over 30 years ago. More than of their time and expertise to provide advice to the NicU team 40 years ago, the pediatric community began ventilating infants. and support to present NicU families. i could not have hoped for in the early days, our eyes were our monitoring tools as we de- a more enjoyable, exciting and fullfilling career.” ch MbA ext: Silke U t OMMer; OMMer; S ArA , , M AiF /l S ri OlA k/P YN iU : : J OhN hr hY grAP OtO P h

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EN_04-05_Menschenbewegen.indd 4 01.09.11 13:51 James Dempsey, New Zealand Police, Wellington “when describing our job we simply say: ‘i do alcohol,’ which means with no passengers inside! we just jumped out of the way, and the we conduct roadside breath checks. i used to be a truck driver, but car collided with a tree. we discovered that the vehicle was sto- i wanted to join the police force. At first i was a beat patrol cop, len, and the four occupants had fled into the bushes. the saddest and then i moved to alcohol. we have mobile testing devices and moments are when kids are involved. the other day we stopped a the ‘booze bus.’ we use the buses to set up checkpoints, where woman who had her 18-month old baby in the car; her blood-alco- everyone is tested, even if there are no grounds for suspicion. hol content was 1.2 percent. we had to call her husband. He was when we catch someone who’s over the drink drive limit, they at home in bed and was really shocked. usually get upset and even insist they had only one drink. i guess the checkpoints make drivers much more afraid that we’ll catch in many cases that’s got to be a really big glass! we want to send them, like in Auckland last year, when we caught over 300 people a message: Anyone who is going to get behind the wheel should in one weekend. the Dräger Alcotest 9510 is very effective – and be sure not to drink any alcohol whatsoever. there are lots of re- accepted for evidential purposes in courts of law in New Zealand. peat offenders, and for them the punishment becomes much more the devices in the bus print out three copies of the test strip, one severe. Anyone caught for the third time faces up to two years’ im- for us, one to be presented in court, and one for the driver. the prisonment, loss of their driver’s license for more than one year, and information on the print-out includes the names of the driver and a fine of up to 6,000 New Zealand dollars (about € 3,500). Once the police officer, and the time of the test. So it’s no longer pos- i experienced something really creepy: A car that rolled up to us, sible to claim: ‘but i wasn’t even driving at that time.’”

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EN_04-05_Menschenbewegen.indd 5 01.09.11 13:52 News nn mA LL ti ene r y: APH gr tO HO P D-111137-2011 A+A: The world of occupational safety. The Dräger Design Center: showcasing the latest medical technology in action.

A Maze of Hazardous The Dräger Design Center: substances Like a Virtual Hospital A+A, germany’s leading trade fair for the new Dräger Design center in Lübeck, germany, showcases the company’s medical occupational safety, is held in Düsseldorf systems about 700 square meters of floor space. the facility, which occupies an every two years. this year’s event will existing building, was completed in a mere six months at a cost of around 2 million euros. run from October 18 to 21 and will host “we’ve recreated all acute care areas,” explains project manager Dietmar Schäfer. around 1,500 exhibitors. Dräger is visitors to the “Hospital Area” can trace a patient’s progress through the stages of trans- appearing in an approximately 500-square- port ventilation, resuscitation, induction, operation, post-operative, recovery, and inten- meter booth in Hall 6/e 15 under the sive care. this gives visitors first-hand experience with not only various Dräger devices slogan “Lost in the jungle of hazardous in action, but also integrated medical equipment such as gas management systems. substances?”. “we’ll be showing how “in addition to the devices,” says Schäfer, “we also showcase other solutions along to measure and detect dangerous gases,” the clinical pathway, such as patient data management systems.” Upon request, a says Oliver Steinmann from Dräger, room can be set up according to the exact specifications desired by customers for their “and how our products and services help own hospital. “this enables them to try everything out and see if it fits in with their to protect, support, and save lives.” the established working practices, or if any changes are necessary,” Schäfer explains. exhibits will include a new automatic detec- Using a 3D computer application, the desired configuration can then be created tor tube pump (Dräger X-act 5000) – as a virtual working environment and documented. this results in a customized solution an explo sion-proof, all-in-one solution for that is tailored to the client’s precise specifications, without the need for costly taking measurements with Dräger modifications after installation. short-term detector tubes or sampling the Design center also has conference rooms where customers can see detailed tubes and systems. A team of over demonstrations of individual devices and have a chance to try them out. “we’re 50 Dräger employees will be on hand to expecting several thousand visitors a year,” says Schäfer. the facility is designed so respond to customers’ questions and that two separate groups can visit simultaneously. requests. the 2009 A+A attracted about 66,000 visitors from 65 countries.

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EN_06-07_Nachrichten.indd 6 01.09.11 13:53 Dräger Raises 2011 Earnings Forecast Drägerwerk Ag & co. KgaA (Lübeck) expects earnings in financial year 2011 to be better than previously forecasted. On the unchanged assumption of slight net sales growth and unchanged ex- change rates, the company now anticipates an ebit margin of 8.0 to 9.5 percent (previously: 7.5 to 8.5 percent). the reason for this is the positive business perfor- mance in the first half of 2011. Nevertheless, Dräger invested 12.3 percent more in re- search and develop ment alone than in the previous year. “in 2011, we will invest more in future products and market potentials as well as in the expansion of sales activities,” said Stefan Dräger, chairman of the exe- cu tive board of Drägerwerk verwaltungs Ag. Dräger also plans to invest more in the group-wide it infrastructure. However, D-100-2010 D-111145-2011 The TRT 7000: A simulated truck crash. A new form of ventilation monitoring. the costs for the new marketing and sale structure in 2011 will not come to the same figure as originally planned. A Training Truck MEDICA: Illustrating for Rescue Drills the Patient’s Transport Communicating in For many fire crews, the task of freeing the MeDicA trade show, which will a Full Face Mask the driver from a crashed truck can pose be held in Düsseldorf from November 16 the fully integrated FPS-cOM-PLUS unfamiliar challenges. the door alone to 19, will feature more than 4,500 communication unit has been specifically weighs around 80 kilograms, and whereas exhibitors and the very latest products developed for the Dräger FPS 7000 scrap yards offer ample opportunity and services for the healthcare sector. full face mask. it enables clear communi- to practice cutting through car bodywork, “in our 700-square-meter booth we will cation even under the most extreme trucks rarely end up there, since they be illustrating the patient’s transport conditions, and it can be used either as are mainly broken up for spare parts. with within the hospital,” explains Ole Schäfer a voice amplifier or connected to a the trt 7000, emergency services from Dräger. in line with the slogan “At radio handset via cable. A noise reduction personnel can now train for truck accidents your side in the hospital,” the different system filters out any interference. and incidents involving hazardous goods. care areas will be showcased, inclu- Designed in consultation with firefighting ding the emergency room, the operating New Dräger Review: experts, the truck rescue trainer pro- room, the intensive care unit, and the vides the perfect scenario for practically neonatal care unit – with a focus on the Initial Reactions any emergency drill. this includes ob- role played by solutions from Dräger. Starting this year, Dräger review has taining access to a trapped driver, forcing the latter include patient data files, which combined stories from the two fields of back the front end of the driver’s cab, provide medical personnel with all medical and safety technology. the pumping off hazardous liquids, and sealing the information they require. Additionally, change was not as radical as the editors tank leaks. the truck trailer used to Dräger will present a new form of had expected. the readers’ reaction transport the trt 7000 is approved for ventilation monitoring, electrical impedance has been uniformly positive with regard road use, so the rig can be deployed tomography*, enabling intensivists to to both the journalistic content and the on any training site. All of the vehicle parts view regional distribution of ventilation. magazine’s new look. Our thanks go to all cut up in the course of training can be * eit is not commercially available in all countries. as well as those who sent us feedback replaced. – often in detail.

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EN_06-07_Nachrichten.indd 7 06.09.11 07:50 Just the tip of the iceberg. The real risk to shipping lies hidden beneath the 8surface of the water. Dräger review 103 | OctOber 2011

EN_08-15_FokusRisiko.indd 8 01.09.11 13:55 Risk Focus

The Invisible Enemy today’s technological world has given birth to a new species of risk. an appropriate response requires the development of nEw sTraTEgIEs.

or one farmer from the village of or the grounding of international air Taleb to describe such rare and unpredict- Kaponga, in northwestern New traffic by volcanic ash from Iceland – all able events is “black swans.” Each event F Zealand, there was once a Friday stemmed from an unfortunate combina- of this type is extremely improbable, but the 13th that he will always remember tion of factors such as bad weather, plate since so many of them are lurking just be- for its “silver lining.” For although he tectonics, an erupting volcano, planning yond the horizon, so to speak, there is al- lost a cow, he ended up keeping his cow- errors. And it was only in combination ways the chance that one or the other will shed. That night, an extraordinary chain that they developed the kind of explosive come to pass. As a result, we have the im- of events occurred. It was raining, get- power that kept the world on tenterhooks pression of a regular string of surprising ting very dark, and a driver failed to see for months. If the wind hadn’t been blow- events. While such surprises can’t be pre- a cow in the road and hit it broadside. ing from the wrong direction, thus blow- vented, we can certainly prepare for them. The force of the impact caused the engine ing a cloud of volcanic ash into European People have always been exposed to hood to fly up, and the windshield disinte- airspace and crippling air travel, few peo- risk, not least in the form of natural di- grated. The car skidded off the road and ple would have even paid attention to the sasters. Today, technology helps minimize knocked over an electricity pole. A short eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland. risk, but paradoxically it can also exacer- circuit sent a power surge racing into the bate the consequences of such events. In farmer’s house and his cowshed, where it Technology can help minimize risk prehistoric times, earthquakes caused caused the electricity meter to burst into Nobody ever really thinks about such oc- less damage on the human level, since flames. The building would have gone up currences before they actually happen. there were fewer people around and fewer in smoke but for the fact that the flames The term coined by philosopher Nassim buildings to be destroyed. During the Lis- > burst a water pipe, thereby dousing the blaze. The cow in the road succumbed, but the rest of the herd in the barn were just wet and confused. The driver was barely injured, and, all things considered, the farmer was greatly relieved. Probabilities and associated dangers Although there was nothing earth- From a technical point of view, risks are measured in terms of probability of occurrence shaking about the events in Kaponga and the magnitude of consequences. Once these two variables have been quantified, that night, they certainly demonstrate the rest is simple calculation. but how are they quantified? Most people have difficulty how the world can be shaken. As a rule, it assessing the probability of an event and its consequences. this poses the biggest isn’t isolated incidents that wreak havoc, problem in dealing with risks. and it occurs well before the math comes into play. the but rather their surprising concatena- following example shows how misleading probabilities can be. in the summer of 1913 tion – rain, a stray cow, nighttime driving, there was an unbelievable series in the Monte carlo casino – the roulette ball landed on a short circuit in the cowshed. There’s black 26 times in a row. None of the seasoned gamblers at the roulette table had nothing exceptional or risky about such ever witnessed anything like it. and almost all of them let themselves be deceived by events if we consider them separately. But their intuition. they gambled on red, because they felt it was long overdue – as if

bis that night they were all lined up like domi- the incredible run of black had somehow tipped the scales in red’s favor. yet, as every

cOR noes ready to topple. On a large scale, such gambler knows, each turn of the wheel is a new game: the probability of the ball hy: a sequence of events can have a major im- landing on black is invariably 48.65 percent. On that basis, the chances of the unbroken pact. Take the oil spill in the Gulf of Mex- run were a minuscule 0.0000063519 percent! the gamblers’ unreliable instinct OtOgRaP

P h ico, or the radiation leak in Fukushima, ended up making the casino several million francs richer.

DRägeR Review 103 | OctObeR 2011 9

EN_08-15_FokusRisiko.indd 9 01.09.11 13:55 “We aren’t programmed to understand probabilities”

> bon earthquake of 1755, the first major di- cult to contain. For many years, debate saster of modern times, it was not the ac- has raged as to whether radiation from tual earth tremors that killed thousands cell phones causes cancer. The scientific of people. Most of the victims died un- evidence is scanty, and in June the World der collapsed buildings up to eight sto- Health Organization (WHO) classified the ries high or in the subsequent blaze that radiation as “potentially carcinogenic.” swept through the city. Similarly, the big- Many people took this as a recommenda- gest hazard of the Kobe earthquake of tion not to use cell phones, although the 1995 was fire fueled by gas from rup- WHO had not in fact said that cell phones tured mains. A lack of water severely ham- are dangerous, merely that it cannot be pered the efforts of the fire service, and stated with certainty that they are harm- the flames killed more people than the less. It was a detail that many people earthquake itself. failed to register. Instead, they felt it con- Of particular concern today are the firmed their vague anxiety about the in- exponential risks associated with com- visible radiation. puter viruses. In 2003 a computer worm by the name of “SQL Slammer” was pro- Be prepared for the unexpected grammed by unknown perpetrators and As a rule, the response to risk is an emo- unleashed on the online community. tional one – and the most common emo- Within minutes it had infected thousands tion in this case is fear. But some people of servers around the world, bringing the thrive on a “no risk, no fun!” attitude. Internet almost to the point of collapse. People aren’t machines. Their actions And in the U.S., the worm crashed the se- are determined not only by probabilities curity system of a nuclear power plant. but also by moods and hormones. Peo- Although different risks emerge with ple who have had insufficient sleep are time, our way of dealing with them – in- more willing to take risks than those who herited from our ancestors in the Stone are well rested. In a study of 17 traders at Age – has remained essentially the same. the London Stock Exchange, John Coates There are risks whose probability and from the University of Cambridge found consequences can be evaluated. These that increased testosterone levels also remain largely predictable: We expect made them more prepared to take risks. them and know how to deal with them. By contrast, the stress hormone cortisol And then there are the unpredictable, in- reduces this readiness. “Security has two calculable risks – the kind that cannot be senses, which we must carefully distin- comprehended, either because their prob- guish: felt and real,” explains the U.S. IT- ability is unknown or there is no clear idea security expert Bruce Schneider. “You of what they might involve. In such cases, can feel secure, although you’re not, and there is no precise awareness of risk, you can be secure but without feeling it.” merely a vague foreboding. Once such a In life, the unexpected happens all fear has begun to spread, it is very diffi- the time. The weather forecast says sun-

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A tornado comes from nowhere, leaves communication enriches our lives – but The at first undetermined source of a dange- a trail of devastation, and disappears once its usefulness often obscures risks such rous strain of E. coli slowed sales of salads again – a freak of nature. as electromagnetic radiation. and raw vegetables in summer 2011.

shine, and it rains. We go to the doctor for a flu shot and still end up lying in bed with a nasty dose. After climbing to the top of the Eiffel Tower, we meet, of all people, our neighbor. Paradoxically, our brain is programmed to forecast the future and to weigh such predictions, but we still end up systematically mak- ing mistakes in this area. “We’re not programmed to understand probabili- ties,” says the U.S. mathematician Amir Aczel. Our thinking about probability is strongly influenced by emotional experi- ences. And emotions tend to be induced by spectacular events rather than insid- ious dangers. Whenever such an event is recalled, the emotional center of our brain, the amygdala, gets to work and re- minds us of the feelings associated with it – fear, dread, and panic, for example, but also pleasure and joy. That’s why we tend to exaggerate the risks of dramatic events such as terrorist attacks or air- craft crashes and underestimate struc- tural risks such as smoking.

DP On the level of everyday risks, this ap- Da proach can cause problems. With regard to larger risks, such as the safety of a tech- mages, mages, i nical installation, it soon reaches its limits. etty g In fact, in a complex world, the key to stay- bis, bis, ing safe is not trying to predict everything cOR

e), e), but rather being prepared for surprises.

ictu R The people at Dräger take risk transfor- P

ge ge mation very seriously. Safety is the compa-

In their physical R aspect, crowds ny’s core competence, and “technology for s (la behave like liquids. R life” is its guiding principle. Dräger’s ser- itte

This knowledge w vices include drawing up risk analyses and can prevent the hy: risk-management concepts for companies outbreak of panic. and even municipal authorities, as well OtOgRaP

P h as providing emergency-response training >

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EN_08-15_FokusRisiko.indd 11 01.09.11 13:55 The greatest damage is often done in the first quarter of an hour after the onset of an accident

> for employees and senior executives. In- creasingly, such programs are focusing on Training under a new type of risk, such as that exemplified realistic conditions in Germany’s “Solar Valley.” Located near is the only way the city of Halle an der Saale, this is one of to prepare for an emergency. the largest solar industry sites in Europe. It is home to Q-Cells and other leading man- ufacturers of photovoltaic systems. Dräger has developed and tested a safety concept for the companies based there. One of the persons responsible for the project is Pe- ter Schmiedtchen, an expert in emergency management at Dräger and himself an ex- perienced fireman. Solar Valley poses a special challenge in that the authorities have exempted Q-Cells from the require- ment of maintaining its own onsite fire department. This saves the company a lot of money, since having an onsite fire de- partment means keeping a crew of half a dozen firefighters on 24-hour standby, which can rapidly generate annual costs running into seven figures. This almost backfired in 2007, when there was an escape of dangerous chem- icals. The volunteer firefighters soon ar- rived but were at a loss as far as what to do. “They had no idea how to deal with the chemicals,” explains Sven Winter- ling, safety officer at Q-Cells. It was some time before the leakage was stopped. In response, Q-Cells and Dräger drew up a concept based on safety teams that take action in the event of an emergency, and which are manned not by professional interling w firefighters but rather regular employees from Q-Cells. “Most of them work in pro- hy: hy: Sven duction,” says Winterling. All in all, there gra P are 82 employees on the safety teams, all OtO

P h on a voluntary basis.

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That may sound like a makeshift solution, der time pressure and in unfamiliar sit- stances in use today are far more flamma- but in fact it has considerable advantages uations, and develop team skills. And ble and give off much more energy,” says over the previous arrangement. The safety sometimes, when his trainees have re- Schmiedtchen. Only specialists are able teams are on the scene just as quickly as ally started to sweat, Schmiedtchen piles to assess the risks involved. Automakers, an onsite fire department would be, and on yet another task. “In an emergency for example, are considering the use of a much faster than an external fire depart- it’s not unusual to be confronted by sev- new coolant in air conditioning units. In ment. And most important of all, the com- eral events simultaneously,” he explains. the event of fire, however, this can form pany employees know what they’re fac- “We’re not a boot camp, but we do turn the extremely dangerous substance hy- ing right away. Because it is their place up the temperature, little by little.” But, drofluoric acid, an eventuality for which of work, they have a decisive head start says Schmiedtchen, regardless of how most fire departments aren’t prepared. over regular fire crews, which always need much the personnel practice, “there’s Training courses like those con- some time to get their bearings. This can no way to know how a fellow team mem- ducted by Schmiedtchen are now finding save valuable minutes – which is a crucial ber will react in a real emergency.” favor beyond industry, not least because consideration given that most fatalities oc- In the meantime, other companies of the increasing privatization of public cur, and the greatest damage is done, in have taken a look at the safety concept at services. Emergency planning for major the first quarter of an hour after the on- Q-Cells and set up their own safety teams. events, for example, must also take local set of an accident. This could well be the way forward for the infrastructure into account. In the run- chemicals industry, where risks can arise up to the 2008 European soccer cham- overcoming anxieties that rapidly exhaust the capacity of con- pionship in Austria and Switzerland, for Preparing the safety teams involves ventional fire services. “Some of the sub- instance, Dräger helped prepare local > more than just providing the right equipment. Proper training is also vital. Schmiedtchen conducts special drills de- signed to instill the key elements of emer- gency management, including a clear chain of command and a fixed workflow: Vaccination – a small risk to avert a big one assessment of the situation followed by immunization offers an interesting case study in risk assessment. A person accepts formulation of a strategic concept, its ex- a small risk to avoid a larger one. the probability of the risks involved varies by several ecution, then renewed assessment, and orders of magnitude: in about one in every 100 cases, there are minor side effects so on, until the situation is under con- such as rash, nausea, and slight fever; in around one in every 10,000 cases, there are trol. Also very important is psychologi- graver side effects such as high fever and febrile seizures, especially in conjunction cal training. This might include a visit to with measles and mumps vaccinations; and in roughly one in every 100,000 cases, there a high ropes course, where team mem- are potentially fatal side effects such as invagination of the intestine. Other adverse bers practice rappelling routines, or an effects are so rare that it is virtually impossible to demonstrate a causal relationship. some exercise that calls for them to build a raft doctors suspect a link between flu vaccination and guillain-baré syndrome, a para- from barrels in order to cross a river in lyzing inflammation of the nervous system. evaluation of such risks is difficult and con- a supposedly contaminated zone, requir- troversial, and the frequency of the side effects must always be taken into account. ing them to also wear breathing appa- Using harmless and more common side effects as evidence of rare and dangerous ratus. The aim is to teach them how to ones, as radical opponents of vaccination sometimes do, can quickly fog the issue. overcome their anxieties, stay calm un- On the other hand, it would be negligent to discount the risks of vaccination altogether.

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EN_08-15_FokusRisiko.indd 13 01.09.11 13:55 The world is full of risks what kind of risks do people face? An up-to-date answer can be found in the 2011 global risk report published by the Development works Alliance, a coalition of leading german relief organizations in conjunction with the United Nations University. its global risk index assigns a single value per country, based on a whole variety of risks in terms

of both natural hazards and social vulnerability. Canada USA 2.57 3.72

Haiti 11.45 Guatemala Global Risk Index 20.88

Vulnerability Costa Rica 33% 33% 33% 16.74

Threats Susceptibility Lack of Lack Exposure The likelihood of response of ability to Peru to natural suffering injury capability adjust 7.24 dangers in the event of an Lack of Lack of incident capacity to long-term + reduce the strategies negative impact to bring about a of a hazardous transformation Brazil event of society 4.26 NATURE SOCIETY Chile 11.97

> transport services and Vienna’s Gen- dents are generally the result of human treatment. For this reason, the seminars eral Hospital for the mass events. Ac- error rather than a lack of knowledge. organized by Antwi-Schultze-Lebenstedt cording to Germany’s Federal Ministry Back in the mid-1990s, hospitals began provide instruction not only in patient of the Interior, more than 80 percent of using simulated environments in which treatment but also in decision-making, the country’s crucial infrastructure is medical professionals could train with delegation of responsibilities, teamwork, privately owned. That could prove fatal techniques for minimizing errors and communication, leadership skills, and sit- in an emergency, as the private sector managing incidents in an authentic set- uational awareness. The simulated inci- isn’t always as meticulous as the state ting, such as the operating room, resusci- dents are video-recorded and followed by in making emergency provisions. For tation room, or intensive care unit. “Our a debriefing session, which provides par- example, emergency generators are re- guide was the aviation industry and the ticipants with an opportunity to reflect quired by law for hospitals but not for gas training programs in use there,” says on what went well and where improve- stations. In the event of a major power Jutta Antwi-Schultze-Lebenstedt from the ments could be made. By giving medical outage, it would be impossible to pump Dräger Academy, which has been running professionals hands-on experience of crit- fuel from tanks underground. But then seminars for hospital personnel for eight ical situations, such seminars make a real where would we get the diesel for the years now. For many decades, airline pi- contribution toward reducing risks in the emergency generators? lots have been required to undergo simu- healthcare sector. lator training at regular intervals. By the Whatever the task at hand, allowance The human factor same token, safety in the healthcare pro- should always be made for something that Medical treatment saves lives, but some- fession depends very much on the routine can go wrong. At Dräger, Craig Jones, times it can also prove fatal. Such inci- competence of the teams administering who is originally from South Africa, is

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EN_08-15_FokusRisiko.indd 14 01.09.11 13:56 Risk Focus

Greece 7.09 Russian Federation 3.56 Germany 2.96

Japan 11.13

cambodia 16.58

Philippines 24.32 Papua New Guinea 15.45 Pakistan 7.84 Bangladesh Niger 17.45 Vanuatu 14.03 32.00

Zimbabwe India Indonesia 9.63 7.68 11.69

Madagascar 14.46

New Zealand Australia 4.28 4.28

Data: UNU-eHs, baseD ON tHe PReview glObal Risk Data PlatfORm, cResis, ciesiN, aND glObal Databases; fOR a DetaileD DescRiPtiON, see www.weltRisikObeRicHt.De

responsible for the practice of project ence on people, processes, finances, of the present day: a financial crash management on a group-wide basis. It’s and interfaces. Each risk is assessed, that can race like wildfire through his job – together with a team of employ- an emergency plan is drawn up, and the world’s stock markets in only a ees spread across many departments each of these processes is regularly re- matter of hours, or epidemics that and regions – to establish uniform and viewed and updated during the project. spread around the whole world in professional procedures governing proj- Obviously, this is only possible to the ex- days. The increasing interconnectivity ect management. As Jones explains, this tent that risks can be foreseen. “A hacker of our world today not only generates is not an easy assignment. “Sometimes attack or theft of data are foreseeable new risks; it also creates new ways of people don’t really understand the con- risks,” explains Jones. But what about managing them. Jones recommends cept of risk. So when I ask them about the kind of risks that can’t be antici- a company-wide digital risk-manage- the risks involved in their project, they pated and for which it is impossible to ment system that will provide a re- come up with answers like ‘We’re run- draw up a concrete response? Even in source for project managers, enabling ning late.’ But that’s not a risk. At most, this case, it is still possible to prepare for them to keep a log of their risk anal- you can say it’s the consequence of a risk.” them by assigning responsibilities and yses and to look up how others have Jones teaches project managers how to establishing lines of communication. dealt with comparable risks. By net- identify risks and assess their probability. working our methods and practices First of all, this means classifying Managing the risks of for dealing with risk, we will no lon- risks according to whether they are interconnectivity ger need to rely on the remedies be- strategic, operational, unforeseeable, In the past people simply weren’t con- queathed to us by our ancestors in the or risks of change. All have an influ- fronted with events similar to those Stone Age. Tobias Hürter

DRägeR Review 103 | OctObeR 2011 15

EN_08-15_FokusRisiko.indd 15 01.09.11 13:56 EnErgY cAverN StOrAge

Operation Squirrel even in times of emergency, countries must be able to ensure energy supplies for a specified period of time. in northern germany, Oil and gaS are stored in man-made salt caverns created deep underground.

ccording to the Roman historian that covered what is now the North Ger- As Wohlers explains, the cavern facili- Tacitus, Frisians don’t sing – Fri- man Plain about 240 million years ago,” ty is a prize asset in the portfolio of IVG Asia non cantat. Whatever truth he explains. Schweinsberg – a geologist Immobilien AG. One of Europe’s major there may be in his words, the black- by profession – works for IVG Caverns real estate companies, IVG Immobil- and-white cows here definitely moo. Just where he is director of the Etzel Cav- ien manages assets valued at over 22 beneath the lush pasture where some of ern Information Center. Drill cores like billion euros, including several office them are peacefully grazing are a few this show whether the rock is suitable properties with a total market value layers of peat, followed by around 700 for the company’s purposes, which is to of 4.3 billion euros. The system of cav- meters of the best halite – or rock salt, create large caverns for storing oil and erns extends beneath the fields of Etzel. as it’s commonly known. Hans Joachim natural gas. Each is best compared to a carrot sus- Schweinsberg picks up an inch-thick pended vertically at a depth starting at section of a drill core. Ten centime- Caverns – prize pieces 1,000 meters and ending at somewhere ters in diameter, it weighs 406 grams. of real estate between 1,400 and 1,700 meters. This “This salt was precipitated from the sea Here in the municipality of Friedeburg, unusual piece of real estate provides the nearest big town is Wilhelmshav- up to 650,000 cubic meters of space en where the new JadeWeserPort – Ger- for storing oil or natural gas, the latter many’s only deepwater container har- pressurized at up to 200 bars. Depos- bor that doesn’t depend on the tide – will ited in the 52 caverns – up to 144 are soon be helping to offset a period of planned in all – is a large share of Ger- industrial decline and cutbacks in the many’s energy reserves. These were German navy. IVG Caverns is already first accumulated in the mid-1960s. In making a big contribution to this pro- 1950 coal and lignite from domestic cess of economic regeneration. In fact, production still met around 88 percent around half of the company’s annual of Germany’s energy needs. By 1966, uer A investment of 100 million euros remains oil already accounted for almost 46 per- within a radius of 70 kilometers. At peak cent of the country’s energy supplies, Schiffh S times this generates more than 1,000 following economic growth and a rap- limited contract jobs in the area and id expansion of motorized transport.

grAPhy: Nil according to Manfred Wohlers, Manag- Only 10 percent of this was produced at

OtO ing Director of the Etzel cavern facility, home with almost 70 percent coming P h Oil and gas are stored beneath the lush at least 200 will become permanent if from OPEC. Back then the world was green pastureland of East Frisia. there is further expansion. in the grip of the Cold War and memo-

16 Dräger review 103 | OctOber 2011

EN_16-19_Kavernenspeicher.indd 16 01.09.11 13:57 Safety first: Bernhard Hamphoff from Dräger measures a pipe flange to ensure there are no gas leaks.

ries of the Berlin Blockade of 1948-1949 of the Korean War in 1950 showed how ation Squirrel” in 1961, urging house- were still painfully fresh. While the city vulnerable the global flow of financial holds to stock emergency supplies was a was kept supplied with food and fuel resources and raw materials were to the clear indication of the necessity to build for almost a year during the blockade, geopolitical forces. By 1964 the Ameri- up the country’s strategic petroleum thanks to an airlift involving 200,000 cans had entered Vietnam. reserves (SPR). Mandatory stockpiling flights, that would have been impossi- For the German government, which was implemented in 1966, a measure ble for the whole country. The outbreak at the time had already launched “Oper- that prompted discussion throughout >

Dräger review 103 | OctOber 2011 17

EN_16-19_Kavernenspeicher.indd 17 01.09.11 13:57 The leases for these unusual pieces of real estate run for at least 30 years

> Europe. As the degree of oil dependen- When test drilling is completed, the main tomer for a new cavern. Leases with the cy increased, so too has the length of borehole is sunk through cap rock and energy companies run for 30 years and time that national reserves must be able at least 200 meters of salt. Two concen- can be extended. The utilities are respon- to last. In Germany this has risen from tric pipes, one inside the other, are sunk sible for construction and operation of 45 days to 90 days, but in actual prac- into this hole: The so-called production the above-ground gas compression plant, tice the time period is now the equivalent string, 9 5/8 inches in diameter, pumps while the caverns are the responsibility of 145 days. South Korea holds the world’s in seawater and a 7-inch pipe inserted of IVG Caverns, in line with German min- largest SPR, enough to cover 185 days. inside is used to discharge the brine. ing law. To create the caverns, a num- A process known as Solution Mining is ber of directional drillings are undertak- Safely stored deep used to form the cavern. Water from the en from a central location. For reasons underground North Sea, with a salt content of around of stability, salt caverns must be separat- Such crucial reserves require safe sto- 30 grams per liter, is flushed into the ed by a distance of around 300 meters. rage. Above-ground facilities, in addition hole at a pressure of between 30 and 60 to being vulnerable to attack, also occupy bars where it dissolves up to 300 grams Prepared for future shifts a large area and are comparatively expen- of rock salt per liter. Sixteen pumps at the in energy policy sive. In 1970 the German government main pumping station supply as many as The salt dome beneath Etzel is ideal for commissioned the Bonn-based company 6,000 cubic meters of seawater an hour a range of uses. Salt caverns provide her- Industrieverwaltungsgesellschaft (IVG), for this purpose. The resulting brine is metically sealed storage for not only oil which then was still state-owned, to pro- then cleaned and pumped back along a but also gas, which is stored in the same vide storage for 10 million barrels of pet- 1.1-meter diameter pipeline to Wilhelm- type of cavern at a pressure of up to 200 roleum at a single location. Etzel was shaven, 25 kilometers away, where it dis- bars. Maintenance and repair needs are selected for its combination of favorable charges into the North Sea from the Nie- monitored by means of sophisticated conditions. It sits above a salt dome ideally dersachsenbrücke pier. measuring systems (see the box) – to pre- suited for creating caverns and it is close To flush out a cavern, around eight vent a potentially catastrophic buildup to not only the deepwater harbor of Wil- times its volume in seawater is needed. of explosive gases. The gas caverns are helmshaven where oil tankers dock but “And around three and a half years, plus operated at a pressure of at least 60 to also to the North Sea which provides the capital expenditure of between 15 and 20 80 bars. This, as Schweinsberg explains, seawater required to flush out the caverns million euros,” adds Wohlers. Drilling “prevents the caverns from slowly clos- from the rock salt. only begins when the company has a cus- ing up – what we call convergence.” The caverns are subject to enor - mous geomechanical forces and even at a depth of 1,500 meters the temperature is already 55 °C. Under these conditions Gas safety from day one salt becomes plastic and starts to flow, From the earliest days of ivg caverns, mobile and stationary gas detection although very slowly. Does this conver- systems from Dräger have protected employees and the surrounding gence have any effects at the surface? “In area. today’s mobile systems largely feature devices from the x-am 3000, principle, yes,” says Schweinsberg, “and 5000, and 7000 series, whereas the stationary gas detection systems – we monitor it very closely.” In practice, e.g., for gas venting – employ, for example, open-path systems and Polytron the ground at the imaginary center of the measuring heads. cavern system has sunk by all of 26 centi-

18 Dräger review 103 | OctOber 2011

EN_16-19_Kavernenspeicher.indd 18 01.09.11 13:57 cAverN StOrAge EnErgY

meters over the last 35 years. At the edg- es however, this is just a couple of centi- meters or even millimeters which is well short of what would become noticeable on buildings or lead to the subsidence familiar to people who live in areas where there is or has been coal mining. And are there other consequences? “We commu- nicate very openly with the general pub- lic,” says Press Officer Armin Garbe, as he prepares to meet a group of wom - en from the area who have cycled over Piping is the only sign of the cavern to the information center. No questions many meters underground. are off limits. According to Garbe, all the restrictions on noise and light emissions are adhered to and the seawater pumped back into the North Sea has substantially less than the maximum allowed concen- tration of pollutants. What’s more, the operation cre- ates jobs with a future. What began as a storage site for the nation’s petroleum reserves – almost one third of Germa- ny’s SPR is still held here – is now get- ting a further boost from the gas indus- try. “And we’re not worried about the Pipes, valves, and pressure gauges hold the gas in check. future,” says Wohlers, because energy policy shifts won’t make the caverns obsolete. As he explains, potential uses verNS (2) cA include energy storage in the form of pressurized air. Even more tempting ivg for Wohlers is the prospect of synthesiz- uer (2), A ing methane from hydrogen and CO2. “The whole infrastructure, right up to Schiffh the consumer, could then more or less S stay as it is.” nils Schiffhauer grAPhy: Nil

further information online, including: OtO P h Product information The caverns are created using drill A look down below: A cross-section image depicting www.draeger.com/103/gas strings of pipes bolted together. oil and gas caverns in Etzel, East Frisia, germany.

Dräger review 103 | OctOber 2011 19

EN_16-19_Kavernenspeicher.indd 19 01.09.11 13:57 Interlock Xt Shipping cOmpanieS

the transport of hazardous substances, including chemicals, is subject to strict egulations. mb h g yer hO graphy: OtO p h

20 Dräger review 103 | OctOber 2011

EN_20-23_Speditionen.indd 20 01.09.11 13:58 Shipping companieS Alcohol Interlock

Zero tolerance on europe’s roads Shipping companies have a big responsibility, especially when their business is transporting hazardous goods in tank containers or tanker trailers. one of europe’s biggest operators in this sector is the hamburg-based hoyer group. Since mid-2010, 30 of the company’s trucks have been equipped with BreAth-Alcohol VehIcle ImmoBIlIZers – and plans call for more to follow.

atthias Krohn makes fast work of national Carriage of Dangerous Goods by the formalities: a powerful hand- Road, commonly known as ADR (Accord Mshake, followed by an offer of his européen relatif au transport interna- business card and a cup of black coffee. tional des marchandises dangereuses par Krohn isn’t a man for small talk. When he route). This regularly updated agreement speaks, it’s because he has something to specifies strict regulations regarding the say. And when he does express himself, he packaging, labeling, and proper securing does so in a loud, clear, candid voice that of hazardous goods for the purposes of comes from 19 years of professional expe- road transport. rience. His business card bears the title of Yet times have changed in the industry. fleet manager. And that means, as he ex- k ing of the road: matthias krohn is Truck tires have become bigger, and profit plains, practically everything on wheels. fleet manager for hoyer chemilog. margins smaller. The strong demand for fuel throughout Europe, combined with A team of 400 drivers tanks, and special alloys and coatings. By falling reserves in the U.S., is just one of in Germany the same token, it’s also essential to re- the factors driving up costs in the indus- Krohn, who is in his mid-40s, works for the cruit the right kind of driver. “We spe- try. “If you look at the price of diesel to- business unit Hoyer Chemilog. His partic- cifically look for people with lots of ex- day, it’s no wonder shippers are having ular responsibility is for the unit’s Ger- perience in the transport of hazardous problems earning money,” says Krohn of man vehicle fleet, which comprises 300 goods,” Krohn says. Drivers are subject the current market situation. And it’s not tractor units, 350 container chassis, and to frequent occupational health checks surprising that companies are looking for 250 tanker trailers. A crew of around 400 and must complete the legally required ways to cut costs and improve efficiency. drivers transports just about everything programs of basic and advanced train- But there’s one area in which Hoyer will in the liquid chemicals market through- ing. And, for the worst-case scenario, they never compromise: safety. “Our trucks,” out all of Europe. The company’s own da- have to learn to use masks, filters, and says Krohn, “are like business cards on tabase lists over 20,000 products. These personal protective equipment. wheels. They have our company name on include polyols, which are found in anti- This is obviously a tightly regulated them, not the name of the driver. If some- freeze agents, for example, and also lubri- sector. What’s more, today’s truck driv- thing happens, it’s our responsibility – and cants, solvents, and isocyanates. The latter ers are expected and required to be able that’s in full public view.” are highly toxic and used in the manufac- to do a lot more than just drive the ve- ture of such things as insecticides. hicles. Practically every minute of their like the rest Hazardous goods account for about working life is subject to a mass of reg- of society half of the freight transported by Hoyer ulations, all of which they have to know. Hoyer takes this responsibility very seri- Chemilog. Such products pose a partic- These include environmental directives ously. In recent decades, the company ular challenge for fleet manager Krohn governing proper handling of hazardous has invested continuously in new sys- and his team. Vehicle type, for example, is goods, not to mention the road traffic tems, infrastructure, equipment, and a crucial factor. “Many hazardous goods laws. Familiarity with both has to be dem- employee training in order to ensure have to be loaded and unloaded via a top onstrated at regular intervals. In return, conformity to the highest standards of inlet/outlet rather than a bottom one,” drivers are authorized to transport haz- safety, health, environmental, and qual- he explains, adding that there are numer- ardous goods in accordance with the Eu- ity (“SHEQ”), and to eliminate acci- ous variations in tanker design, sealants, ropean Agreement concerning the Inter- dents, incidents, and complaints. This >

Dräger review 103 | october 2011 21

EN_20-23_Speditionen.indd 21 01.09.11 13:58 What’s the point of having the latest technology, if the driver has been drinking alcohol?

> includes the company’s zero tolerance policy when it comes to being under the effects of alcohol while on duty. Alcohol and the often underestimated dangers of residual alcohol in the blood are a risk factor in many jobs. “Truck drivers are no different than the rest of society,” says Krohn. But there is a major difference, he adds: “A truck driver isn’t sitting at a supermarket checkout; he’s at the wheel of a rig with 25 tons of hazardous goods on board, rolling down busy roads.” The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 2.5 million people die annually from the effects of alcohol consumption, including road-traffic ac- cidents. To help counteract this scourge, Hoyer conducts spot checks for alcohol consumption, not only at its locations but also en route. The introduction of tests Breath-alcohol vehicle immobilizer: First blow, then go. was made possible by a works agreement, which applies not only to drivers but also to commercial employees. This ensures that the policy enjoys widespread accep- tance. “It prevents the creation of a two- tier system,” Krohn explains. Equality in the workplace is a persuasive argument, in addition to being a fundamental el- ement of German law. In addition, the medical examinations for new drivers in- clude alcohol and drug tests. It’s more difficult to test drivers once they have left the depot, of course, partic- ularly if they are on international runs. r gmb h

The need for efficiency alone rules out E

the possibility of constantly shadowing hoy them on their routes. For this and other reasons, last year Hoyer equipped 30 of its

vehicles with the Dräger Interlock XT*, photography: a breath-alcohol measuring instrument Hazardous goods: The contents of a tank container are precisely declared.

22 * For law enforcement purposes only in the U.S.; including state administrative and judicial process.

EN_20-23_Speditionen.indd 22 01.09.11 13:58 Shipping companieS Alcohol Interlock

that features a vehicle immobilizer. The Krohn, the system is very much accepted, “We are born handheld unit is installed just like a cell since it helps to screen out “bad apples.” phone and contains an electrochemical The Interlock XT also records any unsuc- optimists” sensor that measures only alcohol. So it cessful attempts to start the engine, for thomAs hoyer, isn’t responsive to other gases, such as purposes of later analysis. chairman of the advisory acetone, which can be exhaled by diabet- board of the hoyer group, ics. This ensures that the system won’t the dangers of tolerance discusses the market for immobilize the vehicle for the wrong But what happens if the Interlock test is the transport of hazardous reasons. If the breath-alcohol reading is positive? Krohn explains that the driver goods and the challen­ negative, the control unit installed be- has two choices: “Wait until the body has ges that the indus try will neath the dashboard doesn’t block the broken down the residual alcohol – pro- face in the future. starter mechanism. As soon as the igni- vided there isn’t a fixed deadline to tion key is turned, the device is automat- meet – or contact his logistics manager how do you see the industry ically activated. After only a few seconds, immediately.” This is followed by a meet- developing in the future? the Interlock XT requests a breath sam- ing with human resources, which can there’s only limited potential for growth ple from the driver via the mouthpiece also result in an official warning. In the in the market for transporting hazardous of the handheld unit. If the result of the event of a recurrence, the driver’s em- goods in europe and the U.S., unlike the breath-alcohol test is acceptable, the sys- ployment is immediately terminated. Be- situation in asia. in europe the market is tem releases the starter mechanism and fore it comes to that, however, support extremely fragmented. what we urgently the truck can be driven away. is offered. “If a driver admits to having need is consolidation or, in other words, Hoyer is planning to double the num- an alcohol problem and needs help, we competition that’s less fierce. a reason­ ber of Interlock XTs in its fleet by the won’t just throw him out.” able degree of consolidation would ensure end of 2011 and equip all of its vehicles Krohn’s advice to employers think- us an appropriate return. only those with the immobilizers in the medium ing about installing breath-alcohol im- companies with such an appropriate return term. With each unit costing in excess mobilizers is to show zero tolerance for will be prepared to invest in safety. of 1,000 euros, such an investment re- alcohol at the wheel: “What’s the point What are the challenges facing quires careful consideration. However, of having the very latest technology, if the industry? And where are the a state-sponsored program called “De- you don’t have the Interlock and your opportunities and the risks? minimis” supports freight companies driver’s weaving across the road with a as a family company, we are born optimists with investments intended to increase blood-alcohol content (BAC) of 0.05 per- with a healthy dose of realism. it’s entire­ safety and protect the environment. This cent?” he asks. ly up to us to seize the market opportunities program has helped Hoyer to pay a large However, drivers shouldn’t be misled that arise. we see a risk in the rise of share of the costs for the Interlock units. into thinking that the immobilizer pro- buyer power among our customers in the Drivers were initially skeptical, and vides them with a bill of sobriety. “If the chemicals industry, where there has al­ some complained about having a “spy in police request a breath sample and the ready been a consolidation that is still to the cab.” Others were worried that the de- driver is above the legal limit, then he come in our sector. then again, it’s up vices would be too complicated, Krohn re- has a lot of explaining to do,” says Krohn. to us to convince our customers that only calls. But that was soon forgotten once the “When all is said and done, each individ- a large and financially strong company units had been installed and the drivers ual must take responsibility for his own offering comprehensive geographical cover­ had received training. Now, according to actions.” Björn Wölke age can guarantee safe transport.

Dräger review 103 | october 2011 23

EN_20-23_Speditionen.indd 23 01.09.11 13:58 AnesthesiA raDiatiOn therapy

tumor therapy: Protons on target chemotherapy and radiation therapy are used to stop tumors from growing. proton beams offer a new fORM Of RADiAtiOn theRAPY that promises to be less harmful and more precise than anything ever used before. the rinecker proton therapy center operates one of the most advanced proton therapy facilities in the world.

oy, does that thing turn slowly! tiplying. Such procedures cause tumors to That’s often the reaction of pa- stop growing and their irradiated cells to Btients when they see how the denature. Ideally, what’s left behind is a aiming device moves just a few centime- type of scar tissue that doesn’t harm or in- ters in the radiation therapy room at the hibit the patient in any way. Rinecker Proton Therapy Center (RPTC) DNA is destroyed at the RPTC with the in Munich. “But then they’re very sur- help of protons – the positively charged prised when we show them the appara- components of hydrogen nuclei. Protons, tus behind the device, and they see how which were discovered in 1920 by the quickly that moves,” says Dr. Morten Eck- New Zealand-born British physicist Ernest ermann, Chief Anesthesiologist at the pri- Rutherford, account for most of the cosmic vate clinic. The apparatus that actually radiation around us. Today, they are brought moves – known as a gantry – is 11 meters to near-light speeds in particle accelera- in diameter and weighs approximately 150 tors in order to study the nature of matter. tons. Its purpose is to mount a three-di- mensional assault on hidden tumors, at- how physics benefits medicine tacking them in a manner that does as lit- Proton therapy is based on nuclear re- tle harm to the body as possible. search, which achieved major advances as “What we have here,” says the clinic’s a result of the development of the atomic Medical Director, Dr. Manfred Herbst, “is bomb in the 1940s, especially in the U.S. the world’s most modern device for inhib- Like Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, a German iting the growth of cancerous tumors – or physicist who discovered x-rays in 1895, sci- even for destroying them completely – us- entists in the mid-20th century were faced ing a proton beam in a scanning proce- with a “completely new type of radiation” dure.” Herbst, an internal medicine and (see Dräger Review 102; p. 36 ff.) whose radiation therapy specialist, wanted to in- benefits and potential dangers were virtu- troduce this technology at a different hos- ally impossible to foresee at the time. One pital back in the 1990s. It took a few more of the first and most important steps that years for the advanced approach to gain would eventually lead to today’s proton a foothold, however, and it was Dr. Hans therapy was taken by Robert R. Wilson, an Rinecker who would eventually establish American physicist. Wilson was working at the first clinical proton irradiation ther- Los Alamos, a nuclear research site in New apy center in Europe. Mexico, which was equipped with the first particle accelerator (cyclotron) capable of A 3D battle against malignant DnA accelerating protons to a speed that would A treatment room with Alongside chemotherapy and traditional enable them to penetrate human tissue. aiming device (gantry): x-ray treatment, proton therapy provides In 1946, Wilson drew up a proposal One of four identical rooms at the Rinecker physicians with yet another weapon for de- to “acquaint doctors and biologists with Proton therapy Center. stroying the genetic information (DNA) of several of the physical attributes of these a tumor and preventing its cells from mul- beams and their possible applications.” >

24 Dräger review 103 | OctOber 2011

EN_24-27_Strahlentherapie.indd 24 01.09.11 14:00 The first clinical proton therapy center in Europe: The Rinecker Proton Therapy Center in Munich. Munich tc rP hy: gra P OtO P h

Dräger review 103 | OctOber 2011 25

EN_24-27_Strahlentherapie.indd 25 01.09.11 14:01 AnesthesiA Radiation theRapy Munich ptc aphy: aphy: R R hotog p Left: the proton beam source – a superconducting cyclotron. to the right of the center of the image is the beam emission tube, which disappears into the complex beam guidance structure. At right: A patient rests on the contoured couch while awaiting treatment. there can be no movement during the treatment process, as the proton beam must be guided precisely to the tumor.

> And the beams were very special indeed: ally at a precision of greater than one mil‑ Four of the therapy rooms situated Their characteristic Bragg peak (see limeter. “With this procedure, we scan the behind walls made of special concrete graphic) seems to contradict human in‑ tumor line‑for‑line with the beam, which several meters thick are designed to en‑ tuition – but it is this particular attribute can be switched on or off within just 250 sure that the gantry (which has its own that makes proton beams very suitable for microseconds,” explains Dr. Martin Hill‑ nozzle for delivering the proton beams) radiation therapy. The key to determine is brand, a Medical Physicist at the Munich can be rotated 360 degrees around the the point on the beam’s passage through center. Currently, the field covered by patient. The sides of the gantry contain the body at which it releases the greatest one such scan measures 25 x 25 centime‑ digital x‑ray screens that monitor the po‑ amount of energy. In an ideal scenario, ters, but this value will be increasing in sition of the patient on the contoured this energy should be concentrated on the the near future. Since the scanning pro‑ couch. The fifth treatment room has a tumor and leave surrounding healthy tis‑ cess is three‑dimensional, each scan can fixed‑beam therapy station for treatment sue largely untouched. be seen as a single slice, with each suc‑ of eye and head regions. “This combina‑ However, ionizing radiation – such as cessive slice covering a different area at a tion of a cyclotron and five therapy rooms x‑rays and proton beams – behave differ‑ different penetration depth. This enables enables us to make good use of the radi‑ ently in the body than a beam of light does the volume irradiated to conform very pre‑ ation source’s capacity without generat‑ in the air: The latter’s energy diminishes cisely to the three‑dimensional form of the ing any time pressure,” says Eckermann. according to the square of the distance it tumor, without causing any great damage In his capacity as an anesthesiologist, has travelled. X‑rays release their peak en‑ to the surrounding healthy tissue. Eckermann is also responsible for ensuring ergy dose immediately beneath the skin. that target tumors in organs which move Then, like light beams, they grow contin‑ smaller than a champagne bubble with respiration don’t change position dur‑ ually weaker as they move farther through The proton beam is generated in a super‑ ing irradiation: “We’re dealing with dis‑ tissue. This means that they cause more conducting particle accelerator whose tances of millimeters here, and sudden damage to healthy tissue on their way to equipment and technology take up four breaths can cause some organs to shift by as the tumor than they do to the cancer it‑ floors at the RPTC. “We extract the pro‑ much as 1.5 centimeters.” His department self. “That’s what causes all the severe tons from hydrogen gas, accelerate them also handles pediatric anesthesia. “We use side effects,” says Herbst, “and it’s also to 60 percent of the speed of light, and the Fabius Tiro anesthesia workstation why x‑ray treatments must be carried out send them to one of the five therapy rooms from Dräger,” Eckermann explains. “The repeatedly with relatively low doses of ra‑ through vacuum pipes,” Eckermann ex‑ system has been verified to function per‑ diation, in order to give healthy tissue a plains. “The amount of hydrogen gas fectly in therapy rooms where strong elec‑ chance to recover in between sessions.” required to carry out the treatment is tromagnetic fields are generated thanks to Unlike x‑rays, however, the proton smaller than a single champagne bubble.” focusing and auxiliary magnets that guide beam increases its energy output to a The proton beam has a maximum energy the proton beams.” Eckermann has per‑ peak value at the end of its path to the tu‑ of 250 megaelectron volts (MeV) [by com‑ formed anesthesia on more than 1,300 mor. The length of this path into the body parison, the fission products created when patients in the two years since the RPTC is determined by the energy to which the an atomic nucleus is split have a kinetic went into operation – and there hasn’t been beam has been accelerated. The energy energy value of approximately 200 MeV]. a single complication. peak acts like a sharp scalpel at the precise A downstream module reduces this energy When it comes to therapy planning, location where it’s needed. The procedure output to the value required for the pene‑ doctors and physicists cooperate closely. used in Munich is even more sophisti‑ tration depth called for by the therapy plan, It starts with informative and confidence‑ cated. It scans the tumor three‑dimension‑ which can be as much as 38 centimeters. building discussions with patients. The

26 dRägeR Review 103 | octobeR 2011

EN_24-27_Strahlentherapie.indd 26 01.09.11 14:01 RADIATION THERAPY ANESTHESIA

Tumor BRAGG PEAK 1

X-rays (linear accelerator 15 MV) Protons 190 MeV kinetic energy = 25 cm penetration depth Absorbed dose Absorbed

BEAM DIRECTION

actual planning is done with the help of a very high-resolution computer tomograph unit. In exceptional cases, a 1.5-tesla MRT 0 is used as well. Sometimes it’s also neces- 0 10 20 30 40 sary as well to carry out a positron-emis- Penetration (cm) sion tomography (PET) procedure in or- Local dose profile of proton penetration of the body. This graph shows that unlike der to ensure more detailed planning. The x-rays, protons release the highest energy dose when they reach the end of their path. examinations produce 3D images of im- pressive resolution which the radiology team can use to guide the proton beam. The Bragg peak: At the right spot Radiation therapy leverages the ionizing effect of energy-rich particle beams: Fewer side effects Charged particles such as protons release energy as they follow their path through body Depending on the diagnosis and the pa- tissue. This energy removes electrons from tissue molecules, producing ions that tient’s condition, the treatment is con- damage the cells’ genetic information – their DNA. As the energy of the protons diminishes ducted over an average of 18 sessions. “The along their path, the amount of energy they release per unit of distance increases. patient usually needs to set aside a little This “braking effect” is particularly strong at the end, where it takes a virtually exponential more than 30 minutes for each session, form known as the “Bragg peak.” The sharpness of this peak depends on keeping including preparation,” says Herbst, “but the proton beam focused with very high precision along its entire path through the tissue. the completely painless irradiation process The Bragg peak was discovered in 1903 by William Henry Bragg, a British physicist. only takes around 60 seconds.” That’s half In 1915, Bragg – together with his son Lawrence – was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics the number of sessions required for x-ray for work with x-rays. treatments. What’s more, side effects such as severe diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and loss of saliva and appetite virtually never occur. Patients can even work between treatment sessions, and there’s generally sensitive. Another benefit is that the scal- proton beams in Europe in the future. But no need for post-treatment rehabilitation. pel-like proton beam shape used to treat today, the Munich center stands alone in Despite the benefits it offers, proton certain types of brain and eye tumors min- helping patients benefit from its cutting- therapy in Europe is still in its infancy, imizes the risk of impairing important edge technology: “With a proton beam unlike the situation in the U.S. In Europe, functions of the body and the brain. system, it takes about four to five years proton radiation treatment currently costs Thus it should come as no surprise from the initial planning stages to use of three times more than an x-ray procedure. that the Rinecker Proton Therapy Center the system on the first patients,” says “Nevertheless, focusing solely on costs is is attracting a lot of patients from all over Herbst, who knows this from his own one-sided and ignores many factors, in- Europe. Furthermore, it seems to be the experience. Nils Schiffhauer cluding side effects, life expectancy, and case that a higher life expectancy, as well subsequent complications,” says Herbst. as greater affluence, increase the risk of Further information online, including: The latter can be very problematic – espe- getting cancer. This will intensify efforts An interview with Dr. Morten cially for children: x-rays can permanently to develop new strategies for fighting can- Eckermann, who discusses his experi- damage their organs, which are still de- cer. Physical considerations alone might ences with the new therapy technique.

GRAPHIC: PICFOUR; SOURCE: RPTC veloping and therefore are particularly very well enhance the role to be played by www.draeger.com/103/proton

DRÄGER REVIEW 103 | OCTOBER 2011 27

EN_24-27_Strahlentherapie.indd 27 01.09.11 14:01 The Director Within “Sweet sleep! Like the purest happiness, thou comest most willingly,” wrote goethe. “thou dost loosen the knots of earnest thoughts, dost mingle all images of joy and of sorrow.” Dreaming is soothing to the soul, a caress from the subconscious. For intensive care patients, it can be quite the opposite. Yet even here, sleep is a chance to come to terms with physical trauma and the body’s vulnerability. S

Dreams mage reassemble Y i ett g

fragments : of reality. This can be either beneficial or gra PhY OtO

burdensome. P h

28 Dräger review 103 | OctOber 2011

EN_28-31_Traum.indd 28 01.09.11 14:02 Dream research Sleep

deemed her condition too critical to return her straight back to reality once the anesthetic had worn off. According to one study, 37 percent of patients who lose consciousness following an accident or some other trauma enter an oneiroid state. For long-term ventilated patients, that figure is well over 90 percent. Typ- ical dreams in this state involve being pursued or riding through an endless tunnel on a motorbike. Doctors can mutate into captains or butchers, and he sound of waves, a babble of patients even tell of having witnessed rel- the stage, they are each attended to in voices, barked commands. Metal- atives being shot. Meanwhile, those very turn by Sister Agnieszka. Tuğsal Moğul, T lic clattering, the smell of diesel. same family members sit by their bedside the director of the play, is in his element. It is the 21st day at sea, the last before and hope and pray that their loved ones As an intensive care physician who has landfall. Angelika Däne is lying immo- will not only awaken – indeed, physiolog- also completed drama training, he is an bile in her bed on Ward 19 of the Uni- ically speaking, most of them are already expert in every sense. “My aim was to versity Hospital in Münster. Her eyes awake – but also arrive back in reality. focus on what often gets forgotten in the are fixed upon the ceiling as the boat intensive care unit: the mental wellbe- runs into harbor and slowly returns her Stage dreams ing of patients,” explains the 42-year- to reality. In the three weeks since her Three years later, Angelika Däne is sit- old. “In the day-to-day hospital routine, heart transplant, she has been a prison- ting in the fourth row of the Pumpenhaus everyone concentrates on vital parame- er of her dreams, captive in a kind of twi- Theater in Münster, watching actors rec- ters and pain control. But there’s little light world. reate the dreamlike experiences of heart- time to pay attention to what patients The oneiroid state is what scientists transplant patients in intensive care. The are actually going through or what they call the dreamlike, hallucinatory condi- play, titled SOMNIA, is being staged by believe they are going through.” tion in which patients involuntarily sub- the drama group Theater Operation. The It is a world far removed from logical stitute an imaginary world for the reali- low hum of medical equipment is punc- thought and rational considerations, in ty of their life-threatening illness. “I was tuated by the rhythmic sound of a venti- which patients attempt to come to terms absolutely sure I was on a boat. The cap- lator from Dräger inflating and deflat- with life in intensive care. In a condi- tain and the crew were there, I could feel ing a balloon: whoosh, thump; whoosh, tion known as brief reactive psychosis, the engines throbbing, and we were in thump. Four actors dressed in hospital they experience semiconsciousness or heavy seas. It wasn’t clear at all whether smocks, their legs bare, suffer halluci- twilight states and suffer from halluci- we were ever going to get off,” explains nations, wait in vain for a diagnosis, and nations or delusions. To understand the the 53-year-old. Although her body had exercise their muscles grown flabby from oneiroid state, we need to take a closer already won the physical battle against being in bed too long. Perched on nar- look at the phenomenon of dreaming. multiple organ failure, her mind still row gurneys specially constructed for Dreams are part of the normal rhythms >

physician and dramatist Theater Operation Tuğsal Moğul: tuğsal moğul was born in beckum, germany, the son of turkish immigrants, in 1969. Showing what after medical studies and further training to become an anesthesiologist, he studied often gets N acting at hanover’s University of music, Drama and media. since then, he has played forgotten in eh the intensive h various roles in theaters in germany, while also continuing to work as a physician chim care unit. a in intensive care medicine. the drama group theater Operation, which was founded in hy: 2007, enables him to combine both interests. Following his debut work halbstarke

gra P halbgötter, which looks at the work of doctors in the operating room, sOmNia focuses OtO

P h on the fate of patients in intensive care.

Dräger review 103 | OctOber 2011 29

EN_28-31_Traum.indd 29 01.09.11 14:02 Dreams provide a direct route to the unconscious – which can help to solve problems

> of sleep and serve to ramp down con- day. This enables us to focus on problem but nightmares definitely do.” This, he sciousness. This in fact is the difference areas and deal with them creatively. says, is a big opportunity to find out things between an oneiroid state and normal “Intellectual people involved in creative about yourself and to heal your own mind. dreaming. In the former, conscious- work need a lot more sleep than those In the case of comatose dreams, a ness is not inactive and still calls the doing manual labor,” says Vollmar. And distinction is made between two kinds: shots. “Strictly speaking, in today’s sci- they get their inspiration and capacity those in which there is no clear percep- entific terminology a dream state is any- for thought from dreams. As he explains, tion of the outside world (which, Voll- thing in which the unconscious plays a people who are short of sleep are only mar explains, are similar to normal greater role than the conscious mind,” able to function in conventional spheres nightly dreaming and can be compared explains Klausbernd Vollmar, psycholo- and lack the capacity to make inventive to a feverish dream), and those which gist, dream researcher, and author. Jür- associations. In this case, “the mind falls “are almost always related to a therapeu- gen Zulley, Professor of Biological Psy- back on what it knows.” tic process.” In this case, “the dream is chology at the Regensburg University staged by an inner director, but not the and District Hospital’s Center of Sleep Conducting internal repairs unconscious.” Its aim is to achieve a Medicine, describes sleep as “interior Dreams are especially useful when measure of balance in this extreme exis- renovation” and a “highly active state they can be recalled. In fact, a pro - tential situation and to release the flow of rest” in which there is a substantial cess of renewal also takes place even if of energy once again. Just like many reduction of contact with the outside they remain unnoticed. But in order to nightly dreams, those experienced in an world, including reactions to stimuli. extract the full creative potential from oneiroid state also have a therapeutic “The mind lowers the blinds, but there’s dreams, it helps to develop strategies purpose, but one that is directed at the a lot of stuff happening inside,” says Zul- that aid their recall. “A dream you can’t physical rather than the spiritual level. ley. As he explains, the organism and the remember is like an unread book. It has “Dreams of this kind often involve scenes brain remain active in sleep while the a certain effect, but you don’t get the of pursuit in which patients try to escape. experiences of the day are processed and full benefit from it,” says Vollmar, who In the case of physical suffering, there stored. relates that Albert Einstein, in common is often a need to transcend the body.” Dreams help us process experi - with many other scientists, wrote down This explains why the experiences com- ence and problems. According to Voll- all his dreams. monly reported by intensive care patients mar, dreams interrupt sleep every one When it comes to solving problems, include dreams of flying, of water, and and a half hours or so. In the EU, peo- according to Vollmar, dreams are the eas- also of dying and release. ple sleep on average 7.5 hours and there- iest way to get in touch with the uncon- In each case, patients are processing a fore dream around five times a night. scious. “Where id was, there ego shall combination of their experiences togeth- “Dreams have a learning function. be,” wrote Sigmund Freud, one of the first er with outside stimuli such as the nois- Things that haven’t worked out during great sleep researchers and interpreters es made by people and equipment in the the day get deleted, and other things of dreams in the 1920s. By this, he meant room. Patients in an oneiroid state inhab- that we haven’t consciously registered the process by which the unconscious it a kind of fictional reality and are never are processed and then linked to other becomes conscious – something partic- in any doubt that their experiences might experiences,” Vollmar explains. Night ularly important for people plagued by not be real. This can be problematic if a after night, this personal therapist drops nightmares. “Nightmares are the sledge- feeling of helplessness prompts a partic- by, free of charge, and helps us review hammers of the soul,” says Vollmar. “Not ularly violent reaction. One of the most the things we haven’t noticed during the every dream needs detailed interpreting, disturbing stories that director Tuğsal

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Moğul heard while researching for his Days in transit: For doctors and nurses, the capacity to empathize is limited when they are unable to perceive or picture the dreamlike states of intensive care patients. play concerned a man who was convinced that people were trying to kill him. Using his fingernails, he literally scratched the word “MORD” (German for “murder”) in the skin of his chest, so as to leave a clue for the coroner. The mind knows many escapes “Dreams, whatever their type, always focus on the problem at hand,” Vollmar recapitulates. “How can we best under- stand the situation? What needs chang- ing?” These are the questions that the patient needs to address after reawaken- ing and arriving back in the real world. According to Vollmar, it is crucial to deal with such issues. If this is not done, the patients may always be haunted later by the thought that they were comatose while their body almost failed and their mind went AWOL. “It’s a time for ask- ing questions and for finding answers,” asserts Vollmar. Otherwise, there is a danger that the images the patient expe- rienced while comatose could return. For Angelika Däne, being involved in the pro- duction of Moğul’s play, for which she and other patients played a consultative role, was in itself a form of therapy. It was an opportunity to take an in-depth look at the play and her own experiences during her “21 days in transit,” as she calls them. mmerich

e “The psyche does things you can’t cate- alf

r gorize,” she says. “I’ve often asked myself

hy: just how a person, a body, can put up with

gra P all it does.” The mind – the director in the

OtO wings – knows many escape routes. For- P h Dreams can produce monsters: patients in an oneiroid state may be transported to a tunately, however, it usually opts for the different world that is entirely imaginary but appears utterly real. front door. Isabell Spilker

Dräger review 103 | OctOber 2011 31

EN_28-31_Traum.indd 31 01.09.11 14:02 EN_32-35_RentalRobot.indd 32

D-111130-2011

D-111131-2011

D-111132-2011 automatically. opens cabinet steel blue the of sponding door corre the and screen, touch the at selected is device right The choice: Freedom of - Once taken out, out, taken Once the equipment Ready for use: use: for Ready immediately. can be used used be can 01.09.11 14:04 Rental Robot Mobile gas detectors

o pen sesame it’s secure, always available, and meets individual needs: a blue steel locker organizes the distribution and return of gas detector devices and other equipMent for Maintenance and repair work at Sabic Polyolefine gmbH.

afety doesn’t have off-hours or take to the androids of science-fiction movies nician at SABIC and one of the system holidays. If urgent maintenance or the robots currently used in automo- administrators of the Rental Robot. He S and repair work is called for, the tive production. holds his ID against the reader, uses the necessary equipment has to be available Instead, the Rental Robot looks like a touch screen of the terminal to select a around the clock to protect workers. In large blue steel locker with a large num- Dräger X-am 5000, and instantly a door the petrochemical industry, such equip- ber of doors. Glass panels reveal the con- opens with a soft click. The gas detec- ment includes mobile gas detectors , tents of each compartment. At SABIC in tor is standing by in its charging station which are constantly needed for health Gelsenkirchen, there are 78 of them of dif- in the compartment. “The Rental Ro- and safety purposes at the workplace. ferent sizes. “This locker system, with its bot quickly proved its worth in everyday Since the spring of 2011, the SABIC massive look and feel, actually contains use,” says Cox. “At the beginning, we vis- Polyolefine GmbH site in Gelsenkirchen, an elaborate system we developed in re- ited the plant once a week, but now it’s Germany, has been using a Dräger Rental cent years and first tested a year and a half less and less often because of the high Robot to ensure that there are always ago at a large oil company,” says Christian reliability of the system.” enough gas detectors available. “That Cox, Portfolio Manager for Shutdown and In the future, the DrägerService greatly increased the availability of the Rental Management at Dräger. technicians will ideally go to SABIC devices,” sums up Rainer Knodel, Head But all this sophistication is mostly only once every three months and re- of Quality Assurance (QA) at the SABIC invisible to the users. That’s because, in place the rental equipment with a set site. At the Gelsenkirchen plant, polymer- everyday working conditions, equipment of newly calibrated gas detectors. The ization systems are used to turn gaseous can be obtained from the system very full package that the customer ordered ethylene and propylene into complex plas- quickly. The process is demonstrated by from Dräger also includes a rapid re- tics that are optimized for specific appli- Ulrich Koch, a chemical laboratory tech- sponse service in the event of tech- > cations with additives. The products of SABIC include polyethylene and polypro- pylene, which are supplied to second- ary industries as granulates. In total, the plant manufactures about one million tons of granulates per year. shutdown: downtime for safety germany requires refineries and similar installations to pass a technical inspection ex-ox distribution station every five years. the key requirements are specified in the Pressure equipment The polymerization systems tower into Directive (14th equipment and Product Safety act), the Federal imission Protection the sky, the dominant landmarks of the law (act on the Prevention of Harmful effects on the environment caused by air plant grounds. A comparatively incon- Pollution, noise, vibration, and Similar Phenomena), and the Major accidents ordinance spicuous side passage leads to a plain, (12th Federal imission Protection ordinance). these inspections and acceptance white-painted room where the Rental tests are carried out during planned downtimes, also known as “shutdowns” or “turn- Robot is located. A sign that reads “Ex- arounds.” During this period, production comes to a halt. without such breaks, pro- Ox Distribution Station” points the way duction runs continuously 365 days per year in many petrochemical facilities. During to the robot. these shutdowns, workers perform cleaning, maintenance, repair, and remodeling And the pragmatic name is really or reconstruction. as a result of all this, the number of workers in the plant increases very appropriate. From the outside, af- sharply, mainly due to an influx of external workers. Supplying them with equipment ter all, the system bears no resemblance is the job of Dräger Shutdown and Rental Management (SRM).

DRägeR Review 103 | octobeR 2011 33

EN_32-35_RentalRobot.indd 33 01.09.11 14:04 D-111133-2011 D-111134-2011 D-111135-2011 Scanning and inspecting: Devices are checked into the system when they are returned and (in the example shown above) a bar code is read by the scanner. In the future, RFID chips will perform this function. Before use, the devices are tested. To this end, SABIC keeps on hand a supply of canisters with the necessary gas mixture.

> nical problems. If a device malfunc- “Only those who’ve had proper environ- cording to environmental, health, and tions, there is a pool of replacements mental, health, and safety instruction safety guidelines, also includes some kept in reserve in the Rental Robot to can take equipment from the Rental Ro- historical background information. prevent work interruptions. In the bot,” says Heiner Eikler, Laboratory Di- For example, employees learn that in future, Dräger will be able to learn rector in the Quality Assurance depart- the early days of gas detection, canar- about any malfunctions by constantly ment at SABIC. “The training course ies were used to warn of dangerous sub- exchanging data with the Rental Ro- includes instruction in operating the stances and low levels of oxygen. bot in Gelsenkirchen. That means ser- Rental Robot itself as well as teaching Not only does the software check vice technicians will always be able to users how to test the gas detectors at the whether a person has had the latest act in time to ensure that enough permanent testing stations in the Rental appropriate training, the system also detection devices are on hand in the Robot room.” The gases used for the tests knows which devices in the Rental Ro- rental station. are piped to the station from large steel bot can be accessed by an internal or ex- canisters outside. ternal worker. In addition to gas detec- Rental: Only after identification In the first six weeks after the tors (a few dozen Dräger X-am 5000s and It took only a few seconds for Koch to Rental Robot was put into service, ap- 7000s are currently used), the equip- rent an X-am 5000, but a complex rou- proximately 300 SABIC employees were ment also includes electronic measure- tine played out in the background while trained in small groups. The workers ment and control devices. “Any particu- he did so. First, the computer registers who are supplied on a temporary ba- lar type of device can only be taken out if the identity of the SABIC employee, sis by partner companies are also regu- the worker has the right authorization,” which is read from the employee ID larly trained to use the system. Eikler de- sums up Rainer Knodel. card via RFID technology (radio fre- signed the course with assistance from The transition phase meant a quency identification). SABIC attaches the technical departments and created good deal of effort for all those in - great importance to this process of us- the training documents. The instruc- volved, says Quality Assurance Director ing passive RFID chips in employee IDs, tion program, which was developed ac- Knodel – both for his department and because unlike bar codes, the RFID the employees who had to pass their components still operate effectively training. But after only a few weeks, he when they get dirty. In the future, there- says, it was apparent that workers were fore, all rental equipment will also be responding well to the Rental Robot. equipped with an RFID chip, replacing One contributing factor was the cen- the bar codes currently used. tral location of the rental room in the Next, the software checks whether “Only those who production area. In contrast to the pro- the employee is authorized to rent out cedure in place before, which required the equipment. If the answer is positive, have received employees to visit the Quality Assurance the system selects a fully charged device lab for equipment, the use of the Rental from its stock and opens the correspond- specific training Robot now means less walking. ing door. After a performance test, which is carried out by the employee in the can remove Payment per use room where the Rental Robot has been equipment from Even after the Rental Robot was put into set up, the measuring instrument can be service, the lab still retained responsibil- used right away. the Rental Robot.” ity for the gas detection equipment. The

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system itself operates autonomously, and The gas detector is returned to the space entry, or CSE), and work in shafts. the four administrators are responsible system after the task for which it was Once the device is back in its compart- for managing the rental permissions needed has been completed. At the ment, the Rental Robot charges it up and giving instruction to employees. Gelsenkirchen SABIC plant, the equip- again and keeps it ready for the next job. That includes the annual environmen- ment is used in a variety of situations: The states of the individual devices are tal, health and safety instruction, and protecting workers when the machines indicated by LED lamps in the compart- the printing of smart cards that provide in use aren’t explosion-proof, perform- ments, which either flash red or are con- access to the Rental Robot. In May 2011, ing jobs in close quarters (confined- tinually illuminated. Peter thomas the average number of rentals per day was about 20, and the trend is upward. “We’ve broken new ground with the Rental Robot,” says lab director Eikler, and that spirit is reflected in the vig- orous planning phase at SABIC, which lasted roughly a year. Dräger supplied the Rental Robot as a turnkey technical component after a lead time of slightly less than two months. The customer is billed for the oper- ation of the system based on the num- mbH

ber of rentals. This business model, in g which Dräger supplies both the rental station and the gas detectors, is called “pay per use.” It represents “a complete

package of services for the customer,” abic Polyolefine y: S

says business consultant Cox. He sees PH great potential for the Rental Robot, es- Ra otog H

pecially in long-term projects like the P one in Gelsenkirchen. When there is a Plastic granulates are produced here for further processing: a view of the planned shutdown, however, and sev- production facilities of sabic Polyolefine gmbH. eral hundred external workers are sud- denly deployed at a company’s work- sabic Polyolefine gmbH site, the focus will continue to be on the classic Dräger Rental Shop for distrib- Sabic Polyolefine gmbH is a subsidiary of Saudi basic industries corporation, a uting work-safety equipment. But when large international producer of chemicals, plastics, metals, and fertilizers. the company a shutdown of this sort takes place, a was founded in 1976 and its headquarters are located in Riyadh, Saudi arabia. Sabic Rental Robot can still play an impor- Polyolefine currently supplies more than 300 plastics-processing companies in german- tant role in keeping the workers sup- speaking countries with a large variety of plastic granulates. the latter are used to plied during the evening hours or on create products such as films, containers, and pipes, as well as components for the auto- the weekend, Cox says. motive industry.

DRägeR Review 103 | octobeR 2011 35

EN_32-35_RentalRobot.indd 35 01.09.11 14:04 FireFighting New ZealaNd

Danger on the Stove Fires have many causes – in new ZealanD too. The country’s national fire department is called out to battle blazes around 70,000 times each year. dramatic Fire Service campaigns repeatedly warn the public of the dangers that lurk on the stove – but the threat of fire exists in other places as well.

t’s nighttime at Lake Tekapo when aren’t overly alarmed. The vacationer labor, getting a cat down from a tree, or the loud and ear-piercing sound of an lays down and goes back to sleep. He rescuing people and animals in floods. Iold-style siren suddenly fills the dark- will find out the next morning what hap- The New Zealand Fire Service also went ness. A vacationer sits up in his bed at an pened... Although the members of the into action to attend to 4,000 car acci- isolated cabin on the lake. Is the world local volunteer fire departments have dents in 2009 and provided medical coming to an end? (probably not, be- radio receivers, they’re still summoned assistance in 5,000 cases. Last but not cause there would also be trumpets!) Is by sirens in emergencies. As it turns out, least, the red fire trucks had to deal with the dam overflowing? (the water didn’t a serious accident was the cause of the 22,000 false alarms. look too high last night…) A nuclear noise the night before. Firefighters rush It takes only a few minutes for the catastrophe? (highly unlikely: New Zea- to their trucks around 70,000 times each firefighters to leave the station after an land has no nuclear power plants or year in New Zealand – and not just to bat- alarm is sounded. They race to their nuclear weapons.) There’s no outbreak tle blazes. A total of 18,000 fires triggered trucks, quickly put on their heavy jack- of panic, which means local residents alarms in 2009; 20,000 incidents alone ets, boots, and gloves, and climb aboard. were classified as “diverse,” which can mean anything from helping a woman in

green island: with 15,000 kilometers of coastline, new Zealand is never far from the sea.

EN_36-41_NeuseelandFeuerwehr.indd 36 01.09.11 14:05 FireFighting in new Zealand RepoRt

Always ready

for action: hy: Mara SoMMer the New Zealand Fire

Service. P Photogra

Their breathing apparatus, placed in stoves is the number one cause of home have paid him or her a visit, checked the each seat, awaits them there. Much of the fires in New Zealand. “Please Don’t For- emergency exits, quickly drawn up an equipment in the trucks bears the Dräger get to Turn Your Stove off Before You Go to evacuation plan, and installed a smoke logo–things like protection suits, thermal the Door,” is another phrase that’s used. detector on the ceiling. The New Zealand imaging cameras, and, above all, breath- People remember messages like that. Fire Service has succeeded in reducing ing apparatus. “The ‘Don’t Drink and Drive’ campaign the number of fatalities in home fires by When they race out of the station, they has gotten into everyone’s head,” says 50 percent over the last few years. might also pass an alarming billboard that Rob McMahon, National Plant and Equip- says: “Don’t Let the Neighbors Kill Your ment Manager for the New Zealand Fire prefabricated buildings: the risk Kids.” The billboard series is one of sev- Service. But the “Don’t Drink and Fry” of an earthquake in Wellington eral dramatic Fire Service campaigns that campaign will sensitize the “Kiwis,” as Preventive work is becoming more and aims to make people more aware of the New Zealanders refer to themselves, to more important for the fire department, dangers posed by the kitchen stove. The something new. The fact is that “drinking according to McMahon, who has an of- billboard shows a pleasant looking mar- and frying” often causes terrible blazes: fice in a glass skyscraper in Wellington. ried couple who have evidently been work- People come home from a pub hungry, McMahon has never himself worked as a ing in their garden and are now ringing for example, and put something on the fireman. “I’m not a firefighter,” he says. a neighbor’s doorbell. Underneath is the stove – but then fall asleep. If they’re lucky, “I run outside when something’s burn- phrase: “Don’t Let the Neighbors Kill Your they’ve responded to one of the postcards ing; they run inside.” McMahon, an ath- Kids.” The message is that unattended the fire department dropped into their letic type from the UK, leans back and > letter box a few months earlier. These post- cards advertise the fact that the agency is willing to run a fire safety check of each house free of charge. If the resident accepted this offer, a firefighter would

37

EN_36-41_NeuseelandFeuerwehr.indd 37 01.09.11 14:05 After an earthquake: “Once things move into cleanup phase, we’re no longer responsible.”

> relaxes in his chair. His office in the Fire say: ‘oops, that was a good one.’“ McMa- the Bodyguard 1000 “motionlessness alert Service’s headquarters has a view of the hon’s New Zealander wife believes the system” that sounds an alarm when the New Zealand capital, its extensive bay, and “little quakes relieve the tension in the person wearing it is in danger. The masks the hills that surround it, which the city is Earth’s crust.” This may not be scientif- fit much better as well: “They’re more er- slowly encroaching upon. “The Terrace” ically proven, but people here have their gonomic, comfortable, and lighter due is the office’s address – and the street is own ideas, and that’s how they live with to the lower weight of the carbon com- in fact a kind of terrace created by earth- the quakes. McMahon used to work as a pressed air tank.” Participants in the Sky quakes. The Pacific Plate pushes under manager for the London underground Tower Challenge also like that attribute. the Australian Plate in the region around and at Heathrow airport. Now he’s re- The Challenge is a competition in which the capital, which puts Wellington at a sponsible for equipment at the New Zea- firefighters run up the 51 floors of the high risk for quakes. “There’s an active land Fire Service. Many Dräger prod- Sky Tower in Auckland. They do this in fault line right down here,” says McMa- ucts – like thermal cameras, gas-proof their full firefighting dress, carrying 25 hon as he points out the window. protection suits, and splash-protective kilograms of additional equipment and Christchurch, on the other hand, overalls – were already in use before the wearing their breathing apparatus with used to be considered relatively safe – un- largest order ever placed with Dräger was its compressed air tank. Last year’s win- til February 22, 2011, when a severe quake recently completed. This involved the pro- ner, Erin Gray from the voluntary fire bri- rocked the city on New Zealand’s southern curement of breathing apparatus units, gade in Queentown, said she had to walk island. Many historical downtown build- which used to be obtained from several rapidly up the stairs, rather than running: ings collapsed and 172 people died. Res- different manufacturers. Seven manufac- “I weigh only around twice as much as cue teams were flown in to Christchurch turers submitted tenders after the Fire the equipment.” Gray nonetheless made from all over the country, but they never Service decided to completely replace its it up the 1,103 stairs in only 13 minutes stayed longer than three days. “When equipment – but Dräger landed the order. and 28 seconds. things move into the cleanup phase, we’re The firefighters were very happy about no longer responsible,” says McMahon. that, according to McMahon: “They sim- Voluntary and full-time The main job for the Urban Search and ply love the new stuff because they know firefighters Rescue Teams (USAR) is to bring in dogs it really helps protect them.” It was a New Zealand has around 1,800 profes- and thermal cameras to search for survi- major order: “We’re a small country,” says sional firefighters and approximately vors, cutting tools for rescues, and mate- McMahon, but adds that New Zealand is 7,500 volunteers. Still, fewer and fewer rials for stabilizing buildings. also one of the few nations with a national people are volunteering for the demand- McMahon is from England, where fire department. That’s not the case in ing job. Auckland used to be surrounded “nothing shakes.” That’s why he was Germany, the United States, or any other by independent villages that were home to “completely shocked” when he experi- Western country. “That means when we farmers, electricians, bakers etc., and al- enced his first quake in New Zealand. buy something, we generally buy large most all of them were also volunteer fire- “But as bizarre as it sounds, you get used quantities,” he explains. fighters. As the years went by, the villages to them – or at least the minor ones,” he An advantage of the new breathing ap- turned into suburbs. The people worked says. Still, the 6.3 earthquake that hit paratus, according to one fireman from in the city, so there was practically no Christchurch unnerved many. Up un- Wellington, is that it collects all key data one to man the fire stations during the til that one, New Zealanders had taken and sends it to the operations unit, which day. “In the old days, a son would join the the shaking in stride, McMahon reports: therefore gets a better overview of the situ- same department his father had served “When something rumbled, people would ation. The apparatus is also equipped with in before him,” says McMahon. “These >

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EN_36-41_NeuseelandFeuerwehr.indd 38 01.09.11 14:05 New ZealaNd FireFighting

Signs inform motorists of the risk of bush fires on a daily basis.

Wellington: the new Zealand Fire Service is run from a skyscraper, similar to this one. hy: hy: Mara SOMMer gra P OtO P h rob McMahon, national Plant and equipment e verything in its place: rob McMahon (left) and fireman ian Manager for the new Zealand Fire Service. Allen check the equipment together. Better safe than sorry.

dräger review 103 | OctOber 2011 39

EN_36-41_NeuseelandFeuerwehr.indd 39 01.09.11 14:05 New Zealand’s sensitive animal kingdom requires special protection

Ready for the next assignment: New Zealand Fire Service firefighter Ian Allen in full kit.

The worst situations are those that involve children, according to John Arthur from Paraparaumu. hy: hy: Mara SOMMer gra P OtO P h Enough air left? John Arthur checks his compressed air Arriving safely: The breathing apparatus in the fire engine is apparatus, which always has to be completely reliable. ready placed in the seat.

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EN_36-41_NeuseelandFeuerwehr.indd 40 01.09.11 14:06 New ZealaNd FireFighting

> days, someone will work for a company for Arthur was able to quickly save her, animals with them, otherwise all the ef- two years and then move away for another though: “That’s what we’re trained to do.” forts to preserve endangered bird species job. In short, the members of this mobile Sophisticated training and better would have been in vain. That’s why all generation are not really that likely to equipment have made firefighting less fire department equipment is stored in a volunteer for a long-term stint with the dangerous than it used to be, says Arthur, way that keeps rats out. Protection suits fire department.” Today’s jobs are also who’s been a fireman for nearly 40 years. hang on hooks and all materials are kept more demanding. “No boss is going to On the other hand, the job now harbors high up and inaccessible in rooms that like it if a person just ups and leaves the dangers where one would least expect it. also contain rat traps. office or factory to rush to something For example, even the smallest shed can that might turn out to be a false alarm,” contain chemicals. The lovely wine region Follow the Kiwis! McMahon explains. north of Auckland isn’t completely free of So does McMahon sometimes get a little threats either: There’s herbicide spray in queasy when he looks out of his office Fragile old buildings storehouses, ammunition, and gasoline and sees a landscape that’s been visibly John Arthur, Station Officer, supports the for tractors. “When I go into a house or impacted by earthquakes? He relates how volunteer fire brigade in Paraparaumu a hotel several stories high, I always take New Zealand firefighters also helped out with his team. He recalls an assignment a look at the evacuation plan and emer- in Fukushima, Japan, after the earth- he once had in nearby Wellington. The gency exits,” Arthur says. It’s in his blood quake there. “At least we don’t have any old 4 and 5 story brick commercial build- after so many years as a fireman. Arthur nuclear power plants here,” he points out. ings in the centre of Wellington back in recently visited the brand-new shopping New Zealanders live under a volcano – or the 1980’s were not earthquake resistant. mall in Paraparaumu – but he wasn’t on an active geological fault line, which That’s why entire rows of buildings had there to buy anything. Instead, he went is why the country completely rejects nu- to be torn down. “There was a suspicion to the facility to make sure the emergency clear power. The government doesn’t even that sometimes the demolition contrac- exists were clearly marked. allow nuclear powered ships to enter its tors set fire to the buildings as a quick harbors – and certainly not any ship car- way of getting rid of the buildings,” he Possum-free zone rying nuclear weapons. New Zealand’s adds. On one occasion, someone reported New Zealand’s sensitive animal kingdom building codes are considered the most smelling smoke: “The biggest truck was requires special protection. There were stringent in the world, and the country’s already on its way to another place, so no mammals in the country before hu- new buildings are much safer than the there were only three of us left. When we mans brought in rats and possums. Birds historic ones that collapsed in Christ- got out, I turned around and suddenly saw like the kiwi and kakapo had no natural church. A severe quake in Wellington a five-story brick commercial building in predators, which is why many species of would undoubtedly once again bring out flames.” Sometimes the only thing to do birds have become extinct in New Zea- the fire brigades, with their pagers and is limit the damage. “We try to at least land. To protect endangered bird spe- sirens, from all over the country. New save neighboring buildings.” The worst cies, several kokako, hihi, and other birds Zealanders learn in school exactly what situations, says Arthur, are those that were flown to a small island that had been they need to do in the event of an earth- involve children. “Recently we had an cleared of rodents beforehand. So, if a quake – but the many tourists who visit alarm because a three-year-old girl was fire were to break out on Kapiti Island, the country would be less prepared. Mc- choking on a piece of toast,” the fireman it wouldn’t be enough to simply put out Mahon therefore has a piece of advice for recalls. “It’s a horrible thing to see a the blaze; firefighters would also have to them: “Follow the Kiwis; they know what child suffering and struggling for breath.” make sure they didn’t bring any stowaway they’re doing.” Barbara Schaefer

dräger review 103 | OctOber 2011 41

EN_36-41_NeuseelandFeuerwehr.indd 41 01.09.11 14:06 InsIght ProductIon

s afety under the hood Death by fire? that’s often what the headlines imply, but the reality is much more sobering. More people die from smoke and fumes than from the fire itself. For 30 years, the Parat c fire escape hood has been providing protection against these toxic gases and the danger they pose to life and limb.

tailor-made: the visor is sewn into the fire escape hood.

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EN_42-45_Schulterblick_ParatC.indd 42 01.09.11 14:09 Head of the hoods: Christoph Figur manages production. D-111124-2011

he looks up suddenly from her children and adults. At the same time, industrial sewing machine, tak- the inner mask and neck collar have to Sen a little by surprise. “How long form a seal – whether the hood is worn does a needle like this last? A few weeks by a fashion model or a sumo wrestler. for sure!” answers Regina Rexin before Keeping the promise that “one size fits turning back to the task of sewing a large all” requires carefully considered design plastic visor into a signal-red materi- and well-chosen materials. al, using high-strength aramid thread. “That’s just one of many steps that go …and even against jets of flame

into making our fire escape hood,” says D-111123-2011 The best way to appreciate these two team leader Christoph Figur. In the The Parat C: This hood protects against aspects is to trace the production of a course of a year he is responsible for the toxic fire-related gases for 15 minutes. hood: from the point at which the strips production over 100,000 of these hoods, of synthetic material are cut to consign- which offer efficient protection against ment of the finished product. The hood fire and smoke fumes. time to reach safety via emergency exits itself consists of a polysulfone (PES) fab- and escape routes. ric. This high-strength, chemical-resis- Protection against toxic gases… It was the hotel fires, which happened tant plastic is used in applications involv- Some of Figur’s co-workers still clear- right in Dräger’s backyard, so to speak, ing high mechanical and thermal stress, ly remember the development of this that lent the initial momentum for the including aircraft production. PES also escape hood, including production engi- development of the Parat C. But today the has good flame resistance and high melt neer Willi Meß. “In the late 1970s there customers are mainly from industry, espe- viscosity, so it not only protects against was a series of hotel fires in the state cially the (petro-) chemical, oil, and gas flying sparks, but can also withstand of Schleswig-Holstein,” Meß recalls. sectors, and the hood also provides added an 850 °C jet of flame for several sec- “Many people died; they suffocated in safety to fire departments, hospitals, and onds. On the mask’s exterior the fabric is the smoke.” Of course, hotel fires aren’t nursing homes. coated with bright orange PVC, which is just a German phenomenon. They can For a piece of life-saving equipment, highly visible even in smoky conditions. happen anywhere. On June 23, 2000, a a Parat C that is finished and ready for The visor consists of cellulose propio- fire in Australia killed 18 young back- delivery looks surprisingly simple. But nate – a crystal-clear, sturdy plastic that packers. And contrary to what people like any product that seems simple, the is used in high-temperature applications sometimes suggest, the biggest dan- hood incorporates many ideas, techno- and can also absorb a certain amount of ger in these situations isn’t the actu- logical developments, and manufac- water. An anti-fogging agent is applied to al flames. Approximately 85 percent of turing tricks. Willi Meß explains the both sides to prevent visibility problems the victims lose consciousness in smoke- continuous work on the fire escape resulting from condensing perspiration filled stairwells, suffer the after-effects hood by pointing out that “in a fire, on the interior. of smoke fumes, or die from insidious people are naturally very nervous. So The whole production department combustion gases like carbon mon- a hood they can easily put on gives the is staffed almost exclusively by women. oxide. The fire escape hood provides best chance of protection.” The require- “Manual labor accounts for a very big protection against these gases, smoke ments are many and diverse. The hood share of the work involved in making the fumes, and particulates for at least 15 has to fit people who wear glasses, hoods,” says Figur. The process of sew-

D-111122-2011 minutes, which is almost always enough for example, and it must fit securely on ing in the visor can’t be reliably automat- >

Dräger review 103 | OctOber 2011 43

EN_42-45_Schulterblick_ParatC.indd 43 01.09.11 14:09 InsIght ProductIon

It’s important for the hood to also form a seal at the neck – on everyone, from collar size 37 to 50

> ed, not to mention the stitching togeth- the hood’s exterior. “This is our combi- can be pushed into the half mask like a er of the two sections of the hood into a nation CO-P2 filter for fire and smoke telescope, requiring less space in stor- three-dimensional shape. “That takes related gases,” explains Figur, referring age, is another detail that originated in skillful craftsmanship!” Figur says. And to a protective filter against substances the early days of the Parat C. Finally, the the same applies to sewing in the neck including carbon monoxide and partic- exhalation valve is fitted into the side collar, which consists of a wide strip of ulate matter. The filter, which also pro- opening of the mask insert. This facil- cotton fabric that is easy on the skin and tects against hydrogen sulfide, is fitted itates breathing and protects the filter absorbs perspiration. The collar fab- into the sleeve to form an airtight seal from moisture, which would otherwise ric also includes elastomer threads, to and secured to the mask with a metal impair its effectiveness. “To insert the ensure it stretches easily and provides clamp. “The clamp ensures a sealing valve, one auxiliary method we use is a good fit for a very wide range of sizes. surface of 360 degrees, and it’s attached to spread the opening across two man- The 370-millimeter-long collar can be with a pneumatic collet that applies a drels. Because when you do that 500 stretched to up to 980 millimeters. For precisely measured force of 2,400 new- times a day without tools, it takes a toll the sake of comparison, 370 millimeters tons,” says Figur. Clips sewn onto the on the muscles, tendons, and joints,” corresponds to a collar size of 37, and hood are fastened to the two ends of the explains Figur. typical clothing sizes go up to collar size headband, which ensures a secure-fit- Now the fire escape hood is practi- 50 (a neck circumference of 500 milli- ting hood for all head sizes. cally finished. But its packaging – which meters). “But the whole head also has differs according to its specific area of to pass through it when the hood is put hoods were once dried application – is also part of the produc- on, starting at the chin,” says Christoph on clothes lines tion process, because this is where the Figur. “And then it has to form a good When the hood is stored, the filter is “rip-cord” for breaking the filter seal is seal at the neck, for everyone.” sealed tight against water vapor by attached. In mid-2011 the Parat C had its The production itself is based on means of plugs at the front and rear. The 30th birthday. About a million of these the principle of division of labor. Some hood has a total service life of 12 years. hoods have been sold to date. On the out- of the work steps are highly special- The seal is attached in such a way that side the first models look almost iden- ized and require a relatively long train- makes it easy to check, and it practical- tical to the contemporary versions, but ing period. For time-consuming steps ly tears off by itself when the mask is new materials have been steadily mak- in the process, the individual worksta- unpacked. It’s no coincidence that this ing them lighter and somewhat safer. The tions are duplicated to ensure a con- design resembles the automatic rip-cord production process has also been contin- stant, demand-based flow of material used in parachuting, which also provides uously improved, which helps to keep the according to an order point invento- safety for people in tense situations. Parat C affordable. “With this continuous ry system. The final steps are especial- “In the past,” recalls Willi Meß, a product management,” says a confident ly complex. First, the rubber sleeve is pioneer in the development of the fire Christoph Figur, “the fire escape hood inserted. This acts as a half mask inside escape hood, “we dried the escape will be helping to save lives and protect the hood and forms a seal around the hoods on clothes lines in ovens at 80 people’s health in many situations for the mouth and nose – again for all users. °C, and then we sealed them in vapor next 30 years to come.” nils schiffhauer This half mask, which automatical- barrier bags. But the current meth- ly slides into the right position when od with rubber sealing plugs extend- Further information online, including: the user pulls the hood on, holds the ed the shelf life of a filter from three Product information high-performance respiratory filter on to six years.” And the fact that the filter www.draeger.com/103/paratc

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EN_42-45_Schulterblick_ParatC.indd 44 01.09.11 14:09 D-111125-2011 Almost like at a textile company: The pre-cut pieces of bright red material for fire escape hoods are stacked up at the right. D-111126-2011 D-111127-2011 The filter, which represents the user’s link to the outside world, is carefully fitted and checked in these work steps. D-111128-2011 D-111129-2011 It takes strength to attach the filter to the hood and create an airtight seal. Machines (right) help the workers.

Dräger review 103 | OctOber 2011 45

EN_42-45_Schulterblick_ParatC.indd 45 06.09.11 11:35 Drug test emergency warD

Left: the hospital in Nordhausen is a hub for patient care in germany’s Harz region. right: the Dräger Drugtest 5000 – hygienic, unobtru sive, and convenient. hy: Patrick Ohligschläger hy: Patrick gra P OtO P h

the engineer in his element: rüdiger steinbrück is responsible for the medical 46 devices at südharz Hospital. Dräger review 103 | OctOber 2011

EN_46-49_Notaufnahme.indd 46 01.09.11 14:10 HOSPitAL Drug test

Admission test in Nordhausen in germany, Südharz Hospital Nordhausen serves as a medical care hub for people within a radius of about 50 kilometers. For some time now, the hospital has been performing a Drug test to check incoming patients who show any signs of substance abuse. this not only helps to minimize possible side effects of medications, it also allows a differential diagnosis – indicating when slurred speech is caused not by alcohol but by a neurological impairment, for instance.

üdiger Steinbrück oversees more ple in the wards. And that’s one of the The work progressed and several years than 10,0000 appliances, de- best things that can happen in an in- later the former East Germany, the client Rvices, and machines. That’s what novative hospital. Without users who for whom the hospital was being built, is involved in being responsible for the adopt new technologies and turn them ceased to exist. It was one of the most dy- medical equipment of a modern, maxi- into effective tools for themselves and namic periods in the history of the Ger- mum-care hospital (800 beds) – the tech- their patients, even the best ideas can man healthcare system. But there was nologies range from the smallest infu- be problematic. The presence of on-site still time to integrate the technical stan- sion pump to full medical ventilation specialists also makes it easier for med- dards of the reunified country into the systems to CT scanners. Steinbrück, a ical technology to find its place and be- planning – giving the hospital an edge in trained engineer, knows them all. With come accepted in the wards. terms of modernity, because it was com- his six-member team, he keeps an eye on Südharz Hospital employs more than patible with the new standards from the the condition of these vital instruments, 1,800 men and women, which makes very beginning. This becomes clear to vis- all the time and always in situ. This is it the largest hospital in the northern itors when they see the modern emer- one of the strengths that sometimes dis- part of the German state of Thuringia; gency ward and the helicopter landing tinguishes Südharz Hospital in the town over 26,000 inpatients are treated here pad in front of the hospital. of Nordhausen from other facilities of every year. And Rüdiger Steinbrück has Südharz Hospital is an important its size: It hasn’t outsourced its medical followed the entire development of the healthcare hub for the former East technicians. hospital into an ultra-modern, max- German states. That’s partly due to ge- imum-care facility. “I started out as a ography, too. There are bigger med- under one roof young engineer on January 15, 1980,” re- ical centers in all four cardinal direc- In Nordhausen, the skilled technical calls Steinbrück. “At that time, the hos- tions – Göttingen, Erfurt, Halle, and staff has remained under its own roof, pital was still just a shell. There were Magdeburg – but all of them are between as have the medical and nursing profes- walls in place but nothing else. So right 80 and over 100 kilometers away. So the sionals. And their expertise is broad: If from the start I was smack in the middle staff in Nordhausen must be able to han- there is a snag somewhere, specialists of planning, construction supervision, dle any medical needs within a radius are on the spot. They are very familiar and the development of the building, to- of about 50 kilometers. That calls for a with not just their electronic and me- gether with the architects and special high level of performance on the part of chanical “patients,” but also the peo- planners.” the staff and the medical devices used. >

Dräger review 103 | OctOber 2011 47

EN_46-49_Notaufnahme.indd 47 01.09.11 14:10 Less lab work, faster results, improved safety

> One recent addition to the suite of me- dical equipment was the Dräger Drug- Test 5000* – a compact, fully automated, miniature laboratory that is easy to use and can identify illegal drugs in minutes (see also: Dräger Review 102, pp. 32 ff.). This is exceedingly important, especially in the case of an emergency. In day-to- day police work, the technology has al- ready proven its value. For some time now, DrugTest devices have been used on patrols along with the fast and light- weight Dräger AlcoTest breathalyzers An individually packaged sample collector is ready for every patient. used to identify drunk drivers. Thanks to these instruments, officers can immedi- ately determine whether or not a driver is under the influence of drugs or alco- hol. The devices also reduce the costs of laboratory work. Warning against side effects Not only do these instruments sharpen the eyes of the law, they also provide deeper insights to healthcare profes- sionals. And at Südharz Hospital, they help to improve patient safety. Rüdiger Quick drug test: Only 0.28 milliliter of saliva is needed for the analysis. Steinbrück pushed for early adoption of the technology and introduced his col- leagues to it. The DrugTest 5000 is offi- cially approved for use in the healthcare sector in Europe. Unlike its purpose in law enforcement, the aim of drug test-

ing in a hospital isn’t to check whether chläger

people who have suffered accidents or hlig S o illness have broken the law. Instead, the Patrick doctor treating the patient must know hy: immediately whether or not there may P be side effects or interactions because

of the presence of prohibited substances Photogra or controlled pharmaceutical products. Insert the sample, and in no time the printer documents the results.

48 * For law enforcement purposes only in the U.S.

EN_46-49_Notaufnahme.indd 48 06.09.11 11:49 HOSPitAL Drug test

Many medicines don’t have the effect ex- tarily – if they are responsive at all. In patible with medical records: “Zero pected of them if other drugs are pres- the past, the medical necessity of get- percent blood alcohol.” In an actual ent. The same is true for interactions be- ting one anyway has routinely guaran- emergency, the physician would now tween medicines and alcohol. In these teed very unpleasant incidents for the have fewer things to worry about. cases, the strategy for emergency care of- whole emergency team. In the case of distinctive neurolog- ten needs to be completely different. The Things are different with the auto- ical symptoms, for example, the doc- physician also must act to provide emer- mated DrugTest 5000. The process is tor now knows that he or he has to look gency care in the event of a dangerous hygienic, unobtrusive, and causes no for a disorder that isn’t being caused by overdose of the drugs in question – and embarrassment. The system detects drugs. This distinction is extremely im- know what he or she is facing. Antitox- drugs through saliva. A sample collec- portant. Many impaired functions can ins are available even in the case of poi- tor is used to gather it from the mucous be caused by poisoning or may indicate soning with the strongest opiates, such membranes of the mouth in just min- damage to the brain that must be in- as heroin. And sometimes the patients utes, and a color indicator shows when vestigated immediately with imaging themselves think someone may have enough has been collected (0.28 millili- procedures. The same is true for sud- slipped them a drug. Help can be pro- ter). The test cassette, saliva sample, and den dizziness and movement disorders, vided in these cases, too. cartridge are inserted into the analysis unusually slow or slurred speech, and chamber of the instrument. And then many other conspicuous symptoms that samples via pneumatic tube the device demonstrates its high level could at first glance be attributed to al- Angela Hoffmann, the head nurse in the of autonomy. There is nothing more cohol or drug abuse. emergency ward, uses the DrugTest reg- to do, while internally the instrument ularly. She appreciates how it simplifies searches for amphetamines, metham- Verification is better things and saves time. The traditional phetamine, opiates, cocaine, metha- The new technology for drug detection method of detecting illegal substances done, sedatives, and THC, the main is not only practical; it makes a great in the body of a patient is based first on a active ingredient of hashish and mar- deal of sense too, according to Nurse brief visual appraisal by an experienced ijuana. “Now,” says Nurse Hoffmann, Hoffmann. And not just at Südharz Hos- diagnostician, and then on lab analyses of “we’re ready to see where things stand pital, but also outside on the roads of the urine samples. “We are connected to the with you.” The wireless mobile printer state of Thuringia, because those roads lab by means of a pneumatic tube system, hums quietly and produces a results all too often lead unexpectedly into the so the samples get there quickly,” says report: “COC – Negative. OPI – Nega- emergency ward in Nordhausen. “It’s Steinbrück. “But we expect to wait about tive. BENZO – Negative. THC – Negative. good that police are also checking driv- half an hour before we get the results. And AMP – Negative. MAMP – Negative.” ers this way. We treat a lot of victims of the fact that a lab test is relatively expen- That signifies a full acquittal; no traffic accidents, often for weeks at a sive is also an important consideration.” drugs at all were detected this morn- time, many of them in intensive care,” But the medical staff found one argu- ing. The ensuing sigh of relief is now says the head nurse. “And then we learn ment more convincing than perhaps all exhaled right into the AlcoTest 6510 that the person who caused the acci- the others, says Nurse Hoffmann: “The breathalyzer. It’s small and light, and it dent was on drugs. Everyone should be problem with the laboratory test is get- operates according to the classic “blow- aware: They can be checked for drug ting the urine sample to begin with.” into-this-please” principle. The AlcoTest and alcohol use, and the notion that Many intoxicated patients have very lit- 6510 also provides printed results, suc- you won’t get caught just isn’t true any- tle inclination to give the sample volun- cinctly and accurately, in a form com- more.” silke umbach

Dräger review 103 | OctOber 2011 49

EN_46-49_Notaufnahme.indd 49 01.09.11 14:11 OuTLOOk biOnics Always a Trunk Length Ahead

he only thing that’s really big about future in climate protection. That’s an egg-shaped “cage.” These formations Salvinia molesta – or “giant salvin- because the fern can serve as a model for measure about one millimeter and look T ia” as it’s known in English – is its reducing the fuel consumption of ships like an egg beater. harmful environmental impact. From worldwide by ten percent. That amounts The plants have remarkable char- its original habitat in the rain forests to about 20 billion liters a year, or around acteristics: The stems are hydrophobic, of South America, the aquatic fern was one third of the amount of fuel burned by but the cage-like structures are hydro- brought to Sri Lanka in the middle of the all the automobiles in Germany in a one- philic. While the stems keep the water 20th century, where it reproduced explo- year period. below at a distance, the cages above sively in the rice fields and ruined farm- encapsulate water. In this way they form ers’ harvests. The problem persisted until A fern that makes ships faster? a waterproof “roof” that prevents even the 1980s, when the farmers released a The plant is taking on a new role thanks the tiniest drops from seeping through. species of weevil – Cyrtobagus salvini- to its structure. The leaves of S. moles- As a result, under water the fern enclos- ae – into the fields. The weevil ate the ta range from round to oval in shape es itself in a paper-thin but very strong ferns – and the nightmare came to an end. and usually have a fold along the central “garment” of air, which remains intact But today, 30 years later, the plant is rib. On the upper surface of their float- even for months at a time. suddenly making itself useful. And scien- ing leaves are papillae with four hair- For shipbuilders, the “egg beaters” tists are even predicting it has a bright like branches that stand erect to form are opening up entirely new possibilities.

50 Dräger review 103 | OctOber 2011

EN_50-53_AusblickBionik.indd 50 01.09.11 14:12 Always a Trunk Length Ahead what do elephants and aquatic ferns have in common? both offer best-practice solutions for technical challenges, making them the stars of today’s bionics reseArch, which recently was recognized for its bright future with a prestigious prize.

The original (at left) and the copy: The artificial elephant trunk has such a light touch that it can even grasp raw eggs.

It is hoped that the principle by which was discovered, two factors simultaneous- they function can be used in the develop- ly emerged in a stroke of good fortune: In ment of ship hulls that will glide through the 1990s bionics research was still in its the water enclosed in an envelope of air, infancy, and it became possible to trans- thus greatly reducing friction and fuel fer the self-cleaning ability of nanostruc- consumption. “After scientists gained an tured surfaces to many objects of everyday understanding of the self-cleaning abil- use. Examples include roof tiles, coatings, ity of a lotus leaf 20 years ago, the dis- and paints for building facades – the water covery of the Salvinia effect is one of the beaded up on the modified surfaces, like

most important new findings in bionics,” (large image); Nick hObgOOD on the leaves of the lotus plant, and car- O reports Prof. Thomas Schimmel of the ried away all the dirt particles as it rolled

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. hy: Fest off. The surfaces were left clean; that

Whether this aquatic fern will even- gra P was clearly visible. There hasn’t been a

tually become as important as the lotus OtO comparably sensational bionic innova- P h remains to be seen. The lotus effect put tion since then. “Bionics is continually Detail of a cidaridae sea urchin, which bionics in the spotlight, and it has become uses its spines to wedge itself into reef providing entirely new approaches and a kind of figurehead of the field. When it crevices and thus protect its underside. making very big contributions to sustain- >

Dräger review 103 | OctOber 2011 51

EN_50-53_AusblickBionik.indd 51 01.09.11 14:12 OutlOOk biOnics

A sea urchin as a model for lightweight, permeable, and strong safety helmets

> ability – unlike with the lotus effect, how- point upward, thus mitigating the effects ever, that fact often isn’t readily appar- of turbulence and saving jet fuel. ent in the products,” says Dr. Rainer Erb Just a few years ago, only flora and nn

in explaining the scant public awareness. bO fauna experts were familiar with exam- ples like these. Bionics was a kind of play- An inexhaustible pool of ideas ground for biologists and zoologists who

As Executive Director of the Bionics Com- tt/Universität publish fine books with color images of O petence Network (BIOKON), Erb is a key plants, but it hardly generated any inter- arthl

figure in the bionics sector whose talents b est among engineers working in product include facilitation, communication, and development. But why? Well, at the uni- ilhelm

knowledge management. Since it was w versities these departments were clearly f. founded in 2001, the non-profit associa- O separated for the most part. If prospective tion has served as a contact point for com- engineers and biologists had any contact panies and organizations seeking suitable at all, it was at university parties attend- partners for bionics research. One of its ed by an interdisciplinary crowd. Even

main purposes is to bring together engi- hy: getty Pr images, the Association of German Engineers

neers and biologists. The S. molesta suc- gra P (VDI) discovered the topic fairly late in

cess story shows how important this can OtO the game. This year, the VDI presented a P h be. For this effort, three German insti- this aquatic fern (above) is considered draft of an ISO norm for differentiating tutes from different fields are collabo- a pest in many places. But seen in between bionic and conventional devel- rating: the Karlsruhe Institute of Tech- detail (below), it reveals its ability to opment processes. capture tiny air bubbles. nology’s Institute of Applied Physics, the So now it’s a lot easier to get start- Department of Fluid Mechanics at the ed: “Bionics browsers” that are acces- University of Rostock, and the Nees-Insti- Bionics has become a standard element sible by the public, like the one at the tut für Biodiversität der Pflanzen (Nees in product development in many indus- website asknature.org, make it possible Institute for Plant Biodiversity) in Bonn tries. In the automotive industry, trees for researchers to determine which phe- where the lotus effect was discovered. Sci- are being used as models for the design nomenon found in nature might provide entists like Erb believe bionics has poten- of components to make them lighter. a solution for a given technical problem. tial in several respects. First, nature’s After all, trees only form additional bio- A similar approach is being used by the innovation pool is inexhaustible and tried mass at points where forces have to be Fraunhofer-Institut für Arbeitswirtschaft and tested beyond any doubt. There can’t transmitted. That gives them a slender und Organisation (IAO) with its BIOPS be any best-practice solutions superior overall structure. And tire manufactur- initiative. “BIOPS” stands for “biology- to those that have emerged as a result of ers have learned a lesson from panthers, inspired problem-solving.” millions of years of natural selection and which make the surface area of their paws In safety technology, for example, the mutation. Secondly, “Bionics make tech- larger when they want to decelerate from sea urchins of the Cidaridae family have nology more accessible to young people,” running at full speed. Today, tires are also a good chance of joining the ranks of the says Erb, “and especially to young wom- able to change their geometry in response problem-solvers. Using its large, blunt en – which could help to counteract the to certain situations. The wings of condors spines, this aquatic creature can wedge shortage of qualified professionals in tech- served aircraft as a model for the design itself into a reef and protect itself from nical occupations.” of winglets, the end sections of wings that predators that try to get at its underside,

52 Dräger review 103 | OctOber 2011

EN_50-53_AusblickBionik.indd 52 01.09.11 14:12 The fire beetle (below) has infrared receptors (at right) that allow it to detect forest fires at great distances.

which is less protected by the spines. The Engineering and Automation (IPA) in so gentle and sensitive that they can even remarkable fact is that its strong cover- Stuttgart have been using its principles handle raw eggs and soft tomatoes with- ing of spines consists of brittle calcite in their “bionic handling assistant.” The out breaking or bruising them.

(CaCO3), which conventional wisdom assisting arm weighs less than two kilo- The bionic handling assistant is a would deem unsuitable for strong com- grams, has a range of movement of about pioneering development; that was con- ponents. But researchers, inspired by the one meter, and is designed to make team- firmed in December 2010 when the Pres- sea urchin, are now searching for ways work by humans and machines efficient ident of the Federal Republic of Germa- to design safety helmets that are lighter and safe – in industry, agriculture, and ny personally presented the “Deutscher and more permeable than current mod- home nursing care. Zukunfts preis” (German Future Prize) to els, but nevertheless are also stronger. That’s not possible with conventional the research team. The prize is presented industrial robots. They do reliably perform annually by Germany’s president in rec- A beetle that flies to forest fires many repetitive, difficult tasks. But anyone ognition of important technological devel- Melanophila acuminata, otherwise known who approaches them too closely can suf- opments. In 1998 the lotus effect was a as the black fire beetle, and its sense organs fer bodily harm because these robots are candidate for the prize, although it didn’t are also drawing the attention of bionics inflexible and lack sensitivity. The artifi- emerge as the winner. But now the bionic experts. The insect is unusual because it can cial version of the elephant’s trunk, how- handling assistant has taken the lead and fly directly to forest fires – in order to find ever, can assist people without the risk of is ahead of the field “by a nose.” Or, you pine trees whose bast fibers have suffered injuring them. Its finger movements are might say, by a trunk. Frank Grünberg fire damage. That’s the only setting where

ül its larvae can develop to maturity. Bionics specialists from caesar (center of advanced arti N m m european studies and research) in Bonn are currently developing a microchip that will f bONN, O make it possible to use this ability as the basis Bionics at Dräger ity S for an alarm system that would detect infra- Dräger is also turning to nature for models to use in the red radiation from a fire faster than ever development of technical products. the protective housing of before, and in minuscule amounts. the lar 5000 diving apparatus, for example, was inspired f the uNiver O One of today’s undisputed stars in by the shell of the sea turtle. lar stands for “lung automatic regeneration device.” the first version was launched on the

titute bionics is the elephant, or more precisely

iNS market in the 1950s, and the product was most recently given

S its trunk. The animal’s extremity is a great example of the ingenious systems nature a thorough upgrade in 2010. has created. The more than 40,000 indi- the lar 5000 is a closed circuit diving apparatus for 2008 vidual muscle fibers in the trunk allow military use. the exhaled breathing gas doesn’t escape; instead, 15412 ­ t­ it to move precisely and freely in every S it is processed and mixed with fresh oxygen, so no bubbles direction. The trunk has relatively little are released to reveal the diver’s position. the heart of the apparatus is made up of

f. Schmitz f. (fire beetle); Nee mass, but it can lift heavy weights, includ- the lung demand valve, the exhalation bag, and the sodalime container, whose me­ O ing that of entire tree trunks. That’s why chanisms are protected by a protective “shell.” the strength of the shell, which primarily hy: Pr a team of German researchers from the consists of carbon fiber­reinforced plastic, is boosted by four rails screwed onto its

gra P company Festo AG in Esslingen and the surface. the protective casing also features a streamlined teardrop shape for lower OtO

Ph Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing resistance in the water.

Dräger review 103 | OctOber 2011 53

EN_50-53_AusblickBionik.indd 53 01.09.11 14:12 Service

corporate HeadquarterS Singapore Dräger Safety Nederland B.V. Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA Draeger Medical South East Asia Pte. Ltd. Edisonstraat 53 Moislinger Allee 53–55 25 International Business Park 2700 AH Zoetermeer in the jungle 23558 Lübeck, Germany #04-20/21 German Centre Tel +31 793 44 46 66 Lost Singapore 609930 Fax +31 793 44 47 90 HeadquarterS Tel +65 63 08 94 00 Dräger Medical GmbH Fax +65 63 08 94 35 Sweden Moislinger Allee 53–55 Dräger Medical Sverige AB of hazardous substances? 23558 Lübeck, Germany Draeger Safety Asia Pte. Ltd. Ekbacksvägen 22 Tel +49 451 882-0 67 Ayer Rajah Crescent #06-03 168 69 Bromma Fax +49 451 882 37 79 Singapore 139950 Tel +46 8 564 598 00 Tel +65 68 72 92 88 Fax +46 8 564 598 20 Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA Fax +65 65 12 19 08 Revalstraße 1 Dräger Safety Sverige AB 23560 Lübeck, Germany united KingdoM Ögärdesvägen 19 D Tel +49 451 882-0 Draeger Medical UK Ltd. 433 30 Partille Fax +49 451 882 20 80 The Willows Mark Road Tel +46 313 40 90 90 Hemel Hempstead Fax +46 313 40 90 99 auStraLia Hertfordshire HP2 7BW Draeger Medical Australia Pty Ltd. Tel +44 14 42 21 35 42 rep. oF SoutH aFrica Unit 97, 45 Gilby Road Fax +44 14 42 24 03 27 Dräger Medical South Africa (Pty) Ltd. Mount Waverley, VIC, 3149 PO Box 4676 Tel 1800 800 327 (AU) Draeger Safety UK Ltd. Rivonia, 2128 Fax 1800 010 327 (AU) Blyth Riverside Business ParkBlyth, Tel +27 11 557 23 00 Tel 0800 559 186 (NZ) Northumberland NE24 4RG Fax +27 11 557 23 01 Fax 0800 559 185 (NZ) Tel +44 167 03 52-891 Fax +44 167 03 56-266 Dräger South Africa (Pty) Ltd. Draeger Safety Pacific Pty Ltd. P.O.Box 68601 Unit 99, 45 Gilby Road itaLy Bryanston 2021 Mount Waverley, VIC, 3149 Draeger Medical Italia S.p.A. Tel +27 114 65 99 59 Tel 1800 67 77 87 (AU) Via Galvani 720094 Corsico/Milano Fax +27 114 65 69 53 Fax 1800 64 74 84 (AU) Tel +39 02 45 87 21 Tel 0800 372 437 (NZ) Fax +39 02 4 58 45 15 uSa Fax 0800 733 133 (NZ) Draeger Medical, Inc. Draeger Safety Italia S.p.A 3135 Quarry Road canada Via Longarone 35 Telford, PA 18969-1042 Draeger Médical Canada Inc. 20080 Zibido San Giacomo (MI) Tel +1 (215) 721-5400 120 East Beaver Creek Road Suite 104 Tel +39 02 90 59 49 1 Toll-free +1 800 437-2437 Richmond Hill Ontario L4B 4V1 Fax +39 02 90 00 36 86 Fax +1 (215) 723-5935 Tel +1 (905) 763-3702 Toll-free +1 866 343-2273 netHerLandS Draeger Safety, Inc. Fax +1 (905) 763-1890 Dräger Medical Netherlands B.V. 101 Technology Drive Signaalrood 19 Pittsburgh, PA 15275 Draeger Safety Canada Ltd. 2718 SH Zoetermeer Tel +1 (412) 787-8383 7555 Danbro Crescent Tel +31 79 3464 800 Toll-free +1 800 858-1737 Mississauga, Ontario L5N 6P9 Fax +31 79 3422 747 Fax +1 (412) 787-2207 Tel +1 (905) 821-8988 Toll-free +1 877 372-4371 Fax +1 (905) 821-2565

www.draeger.com Part-No.: 90 41 280 Keep on the track to safety – with Dräger. When working with dangerous substances, you and your employees have to negotiate a multitude of different challenges. New applications, regulations and substance compositions demand reliable solutions. Let Dräger be the articles in Dräger review provide information on products and their possible applications in general. they do not constitute any guarantee that a product has specific your guide. With our track record and experience in on-the-job safety, Dräger is well equipped to satisfy your ex- properties or is suitable for any specific purpose. All specialist personnel are required to make use exclusively of the skills they have acquired through their education acting requirements and bring you through the jungle safely. From personal protective clothing and innovative gas and training and through practical experience. the views, opinions, and statements expressed by the persons named in the texts as well as by the external authors of the measuring technology, to respiratory protection equipment and service solutions that keep you on the right track, articles do not necessarily correspond to those of Drägerwerk Ag & co. KgaA. Such views, opinions, and statements are solely the opinions of the respective person. Not all of the products named in this magazine are available worldwide. equipment packages can vary from country to country. we reserve the right to make changes to we‘ll work with you to find an optimal solution. products. the current infor mation is available from your Dräger representative. © Drägerwerk Ag & co. KgaA, 2011. All rights reserved. this publication may not be reproduced, stored in a data system, or transmitted in any form or using any method whether electronic or mechanical, by means of photocopying, recor ding, or any other technique in whole or in part without the prior permission of Drägerwerk Ag & co. KgaA. FOR MORE INFORMATION: WWW.DRAEGER.COM/JUNGLE Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA, Lübeck, is the manufacturer of the following products: TRT 7000 (p. 7), FPS 7000 (p. 7), FPS-COM-PLUS (p. 7), Dräger X-am 3000/5000/7000 (p. 18), Interlock XT (p. 23), Rental Robot (p. 33 ff.), Bodyguard 1000 (p. 38), Parat C (p. 42 ff.), Dräger Alcotest (p. 5, 48 f.), Dräger DrugTest 5000 (p. 46 ff.), LAR 5000 (p. 53), UCF 7000 (p. 56). The manufacturer of the automatic detector tube pump (Dräger X-act 5000; p. 6) is Draeger Safety, Inc., USA.Dräger Medical GmbH, Lübeck, is the manufacturer of the Fabius Tiro (p. 26).

54 Dräger review 103 | OctOber 2011 3277

HEFT_PDF3277_Industrie_Anz_220x280_eng.indd 1 30.08.11 20:23 EN_54_Service.indd 54 01.09.11 14:13 Lost in the jungle of hazardous substances?

Keep on the track to safety – with Dräger. When working with dangerous substances, you and your employees have to negotiate a multitude of different challenges. New applications, regulations and substance compositions demand reliable solutions. Let Dräger be your guide. With our track record and experience in on-the-job safety, Dräger is well equipped to satisfy your ex- acting requirements and bring you through the jungle safely. From personal protective clothing and innovative gas measuring technology, to respiratory protection equipment and service solutions that keep you on the right track, we‘ll work with you to find an optimal solution.

FOR MORE INFORMATION: WWW.DRAEGER.COM/JUNGLE 3277

HEFT_PDF3277_Industrie_Anz_220x280_eng.indd 1 30.08.11 20:23 EN_54_Service.indd 55 01.09.11 14:13 Close-up thermal ImagIng Camera

6

4

1

3 5 2

snapshots through the smoke Saving lives is the top priority whenever a fire department is on create a video at 50 frames per second with a sensitivity of 0.035 a call. When smoke and fumes obscure their view, the rescuers °C and a measurement range of -40 to +1,000 °C. the most re- can turn to a thermal imaging camera such as the Dräger UCf cent two hours of recordings are stored and can be read out via the 7000 – which can also be used in hazardous areas where there is USb connector 2 – together with a spoken commentary which is a risk of explosion. It can be operated with one hand, “sees” in the recorded by the integrated microphone 3 . the push-button “snap- infrared region at wavelengths between 7 and 14 micrometers, and shot function” enables users to take snapshots around corners at shows its images as monochrome videos on its display, because arm’s length and then to view them. the laser pointer 4 enables false-color images are more difficult for inexperienced users to in- the user to point out to colleagues hot spots that may not be obvi- terpret. the camera’s protective window 1 and two-element wide- ous to the naked eye. Its brightness is automatically controlled by angle lens are made of germanium. this material of the Dräger UCf a sensor 5 . the display, which is equipped with a sunshade 6 , 7000 is transparent to infrared light waves – unlike glass. the im- displays all the information. Depending on the camera’s operating age falls on a camera core that was jointly developed by Jenoptik mode, areas which are hotter than 110 °C and/or 300 °C are shown and Dräger and uses a bolometer detector. this infrared sensor re- in yellow, orange, and red. the operation and display conform to the cords the heat radiation with a resolution of 160 x 120 pixels. the latest north american standard (nfpa 1801:2010), which means warmer the section of the image, the lower the resistance of the that virtually any firefighter worldwide can reliably operate the unit

D-111136-2011 corresponding pixel of the silicon sensor. the camera electronics – enabling them to take snapshots through the smoke.

56 Drägerheft 388 | September 2011

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