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Legions of Rome: the Definitive History of Every Roman Legion Free FREE LEGIONS OF ROME: THE DEFINITIVE HISTORY OF EVERY ROMAN LEGION PDF Stephen Dando-Collins | 624 pages | 02 Dec 2010 | Quercus Publishing | 9781849162302 | English | London, United Kingdom List of Roman legions - Wikipedia Led personally by him when he was governor of Hispania Ulterior, the legion was an alternative to cavalry auxiliaries, as Julius did not trust those from the territories recently conquered. It was founded in 65 B. Impressed by their courage and loyalty, as well as the proficiency that the hastily assembled legion had shown, Julius would use it later in the Gallic Wars. The biggest engagement the legion encountered was in Galicia. As it was instrumental and the decisive factor for victory, the legion had earned its fame and glory battling under the banner of the bull, personally headed by Julius himself into battle. Sadly, the legion had a shameful defeat and disbanding in the civil war that followed with Julius versus Pompey. In one battle, they were told to retreat by Julius, fearing they might be destroyed. But, this proved fatal, as this was the first time the legion had retreated at all, the rest of the army routed, causing the legion itself to be routed as well. For their cowardice, they asked to be disbanded, but Julius merely demoted their standard bearers. Not fulfilling their last chance to redeem themselves and their reputation, the legion disbanded in Rome as they sought payment. Highly regarded and one of the longest lasting legions was Legio III. This legion is debated for some inconsistencies for their appearance in history. The legion itself was founded by Mark Anthony in 36 B. If we were to take it as multiple legions bearing the number III, then this legion had been involved in most battles, conflicts and wars during the entire existence of Rome. It fought to secure the territories of Northern Africa for Rome, enforcing the law, as well as deterring would-be opposition by being stationed there. Later the legion would be used in securing the Levant and the Arabian Peninsula. The famous legion would find itself destroyed in the s A. The ironclad legion, the sixth, the victors, the veterans, these were some the names attributed to Legio VI. Founded by Pompey the Great during his campaign in Hispania, very little if any information has been gathered about the legion. Of note is that these were twin legions, the Ironclad Sixth and the Victorious Sixth. The legion saw its revival and replenishment in Gaul, under rule of Julius Caesar during his campaign to conquer the territory, and bring it under Roman rule. He had split the legion to fight in two fronts, one stationed for the campaigns in Britain, the other sent to fight in the Levant. For two centuries the legion had served under Rome, levying their veterans to lead newly-formed legions across the empire, as well as fighting countless battles and wars in their respective regions. Click here - to use the wp menu builder. Sign in. Log into your account. Forgot your password? Create an account. Sign up. Password recovery. Recover your password. About History Everything About History. Get help. Thursday, October 22, Home Historical Period Medieval History. Historical Period Medieval History. Top Three Great Roman Legions. By Hayden Chakra. April 21, Legio VI: The ironclad legion, the sixth, the victors, the veterans, these were some the names attributed to Legio VI. Previous article Wars of the Roses — Stay Connected. Latest Articles. What is Glima? Glima is a Scandinavian martial arts system used by the Legions of Rome: The Definitive History of Every Roman Legion Vikings. Strength wasn't the only way to dominate your opponent even Read more. The notorious Huns spread horror throughout Legions of Rome: The Definitive History of Every Roman Legion and Asia. Despite being nomadic people, they still conquered a good portion of land during their Golden period. The year of Legions of Rome: The Definitive History of Every Roman Legion 4 Emperors Legions of Rome: The Definitive History of Every Roman Legion place in 69 A. It signified the period in which three leaders had been changed over the Load more. Follow us on Instagram officialabouthistory. Legions of Rome: The Definitive History of Every Imperial Roman Legion by Stephen Dando-Collins This is a list of Roman legionsincluding key facts about each legion, primarily focusing on the Principate early Empire, 27 BC — AD legions, for which there exists substantial literary, epigraphic and archaeological evidence. Augustus and his immediate successors transformed legions into permanent units, staffed by entirely career soldiers on standard year terms. During the Dominate period near the end of the Empire, —legions were also professional, but are little understood due to Legions of Rome: The Definitive History of Every Roman Legion of evidence compared to the Principate. What is clear is that late legions were radically different in size, structure, and tactical role from their predecessors, despite several retaining early period names. This was the result of the military reforms of Emperors Diocletian and Constantine Iand of further developments during the 4th century. The legions were identified by Roman numeralsthough the spelling sometimes differed from the modern "standard". Usually they were authorized by the Roman Senateand were later disbanded. Gaius Marius ' reforms transformed legions into standing units, which could remain in being for several years, or even decades. This became necessary to garrison the Republic's now far-flung territories. Legionaries started large-scale recruiting of volunteer soldiers enlisted for a minimum term of six years and a fixed salary, although conscription was still practiced. The property requirements were abolished by Marius, so that the bulk of recruits were henceforth from the landless citizens, who would be most attracted to the paid employment and land offered after their service. In the last century of the Republic, proconsuls governing frontier provinces became increasingly powerful. Their command of standing legions in distant and arduous military campaigns resulted in the allegiance of those units transferring from the Roman state to themselves. These imperatores lit: victorious generals, from the title imperator they were hailed with by their troops frequently fell out with each other and started civil wars to seize control of the state. In this context, the imperatores raised many legions that were not authorised by the Senate, sometimes having to use their own resources. As civil wars were resolved, many of these "private" units would be disbanded, only for more to be raised to fight the next civil war. The legions included in the following list had a long enough history to be somehow remarkable. Most of them were levied by Julius Caesar and later included into Octavian 's army, some of them were levied by Marc Antony. The numbering of the legions is confusing, since several legions shared the same number with others. Augustus numbered the legions he founded himself from I, but also inherited numbers from his predecessors. Each emperor normally numbered the legions he raised himself starting Legions of Rome: The Definitive History of Every Roman Legion I. However, even this practice was not consistently followed. For example, Vespasian kept the same numbers as before for legions he raised from disbanded units. Trajan 's first legion was numbered XXX because there were 29 other legions in existence at the time it was raised; but the second Trajanic legion was given the sequential number II. These three legions are without titles, suggesting that in disgrace their titles may have been deliberately forgotten Legions of Rome: The Definitive History of Every Roman Legion left unmentioned. As a result of this somewhat chaotic evolution, the legion's title became necessary to distinguish between legions with the same number. Legions often carried several titles, awarded after successive campaigns, normally by the ruling emperor e. XII Fulminata was also awarded: paterna fatherlyvictrix victoriousantiqua venerablecerta constans reliable, Legions of Rome: The Definitive History of Every Roman Legion and Galliena Gallienus '. Pia fidelis loyal and faithfulfidelis constans and others were titles awarded to several legions, sometimes several times to the same legion. Only the most established, commonly used titles are displayed on this table. Legions bearing the personal name of an emperor, or of his gens clan e. AugustaFlavia were either founded by that Emperor or awarded the name as a mark of special favour. This shows the castra base where the legion spent the longest period during the Principate. Legions often shared the same base with other legions. Detachments of legions were often seconded for lengthy periods to other bases and provinces, as operational needs demanded. Legions often sported more than one emblem at the same time, and occasionally changed them. Legions raised by Caesar mostly carried a bull emblem originally; those of Augustus mostly a Capricorn. For legions that are documented into the 4th century and beyond, we do not know when or how they were terminated. For legions disappearing from the record beforethe reason certain or likely is given as:. Province names and borders are assumed throughout the Principate period as atduring the rule of Trajanand after the annexation of Dacia and Arabia Petraea. The map above shows provinces at the end of Trajan's reign, They are the same as inexcept that Armenia and Legions of Rome: The Definitive History of Every Roman Legion have been annexed they were abandoned soon after Trajan's death ; and Pannonia has been split into two the split occurred c. Diocletian reorganized the Roman army, in order to better counter the threat of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe as well as that of the Persians from the East. The army was formed by border and field units.
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