BENDER RICHARDSON WHITE

First established in 1990, BRW has developed and managed more than a thousand products for dozens of companies in North America and the UK. We are a one-stop resource for companies seeking to outsource all or part of a project. We specialize in sourcing and organizing content for print BRW IS A UK-BASED and online delivery. EDITORIAL, DESIGN, AND PRODUCTION TEAM We work with a large number of authors, editors, designers, artists, picture SERVING MAJOR CLIENTS IN NORTH AMERICA AND researchers, and agencies and have the ability to join a project at any stage THE UNITED KINGDOM. and take it through to completion on time and on budget.

FILM TIMELINE ANIMALS cool ANIMAlS HISTORY OF FILM FACTS THAT 0 0600 MILES 600 MILES to SEE hErE Late 1800s: Thomas Edison and other inventors 0 600 KILOMETERS0 600 KILOMETERS 1 develop moving picture cameras. TROPIC OF CANCERTROPIC OF CANCER 5 1895: Brothers Louis and Auguste Lumière make ABOUT DON T 35 ’ Northern MarianaNorthern Mariana MAP KEY and show the first movies in Paris, France. They are Hawai‘i Hawai‘i AWESOME Islands Islands STINK r t h r tP h P (U.S.) (U.S.) CHEESE (U.S.) (U.S.)N o N o a c i a c i

The first moving picture shows, or “movies,” were short, silent, black-and-white films. f f

i i M M c O c O Koala GIANT I C I C c e c e made in 1895 by Louis and Auguste Lumière. The 1905: Small theaters—called nickelodeons R R a n a n CRAB Guam Guam O O MARSHALL MARSHALL Red Kangaroo —open across America. Viewers pay five cents to (U.S.) (U.S.) A A 1 Solomon Islands GET SHORTY ISLANDS ISLANDS French brothers had no idea how big their little movies see short films. By 1908, there are about 9,000 N N ANIMALS PALAU PALAU Inland Taipan movie theaters in the country. Early cinemas showed silent black-and-white E E Coconut crabs are the biggest shelled, would become. In fact, Louis Lumière famously said, S S Long-beaked Echidna jointed-legged animals on land. They can films that lasted about 45 seconds. That’s I I 1912: Universal Studios begins making movies. It FEDERATED STATESFEDERATED STATES grow up to 3 feet (91 cm) across and “The cinema is an invention without a future.” is the first studio in the United States. shorter than previews you see in theaters Extreme and OF MICRONESIAOF MICRONESIA I I Tasmanian Devil weigh 9 pounds (4.1 kg). The crab’s A A EQUATOR EQUATOR today! The films featured real people leaving a M M A A favorite food is coconut. It breaks open 1927: The Jazz Singer becomes the first feature S S E E S S L L NAURU NAURU the tough husks with its massive claws. film with spoken words. Other talking pictures factory, eating breakfast, watering their EXOTIC I I KIRIBATIKIRIBATI —called “talkies”—quickly become popular. A PAPUA NEWA GUINEAPAPUA NEW GUINEAA A garden, and doing other simple activities. N N TUVALU TUVALUTokelau Tokelau q (N.Z.) (N.Z.) E E 1930: About 80 million people—or 65% of the Arafura Sea Arafura Sea E E There were no explosions or car chases. There There are more than Timor Timor C C SOLOMON SOLOMON Wallis and Wallis andAmerican American o o Samoa Samoa population—go to the movies in the United States Sea Sea r a r a ISLANDS ISLANDS Futuna Is. SAMOAFutuna Is. SAMOA Cook Cook 2,000 VARIETIES of l l S S (U.S.) (U.S.)Islands Islands were no superheroes or vampires. There Coral Sea Coral Sea (France) (France) each week. CHEESE made around the (N.Z.) (N.Z.) Islands Islands N N ustralia and Oceania are packed with unusual wasn’t even sound or color! Yet audiences fell world. Territory Territory VANUATU I VANUATU I (Australia) (Australia) TONGA TONGA 1932: A Walt Disney short cartoon becomes the animals. Red kangaroos—the world’s largest IndianIndian S NewS New FIJI FIJI in love with the new moving pictures. e Caledoniae Caledonia A A first full-color film. Other Technicolor films like The Niue Niue n Frenchn PolynesiaFrench Polynesia a (France)a (France) a a marsupials (pouched mammals)—use their (N.Z.) Y (N.Z.) Y (France) (France) Dorothy took viewers over the Wizard of Oz and Gone With the Wind soon follow. e e c c powerful legs to hop through Australia’s TROPIC OF CAPRICORNTROPIC OF CAPRICORN O O rainbow and into a world of color 1933: Movie theaters begin selling refreshments. TALKIES AND TECHNICOLOR 2) deserts and grasslands. The giant weta—the AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA c c i L i L in the 1939 movie The Wizard of Oz. The first talking picture show, The Jazz Singer, e i f i f 1950s: Television becomes popular and draws r l ; lactococcus lactis, the Aworld’s heaviest insect— inhabits New Zealand, as do a c a c w CHEESEMAKING is 2! P P viewers away from theaters. In the 1960s, nearly hit the big screen in 1927. Other “talkies” Some ancient Roman Cheddar gets its name Cheese company Kraft bacterium used to h h In one year, a single DAIRY believed to date back to More people STEAL flightless birds such as the rare kakapo and the shy kiwi. S o u tS o u t GIANT INSECT houses had a SPECIAL from the VILLAGE OF cranks out about make cheddar, Colby and O O every house in America has a “home screen.” COW can produce enough some time around CHEESE from stores than soon followed. These new films really got ROOM just for MAKING CHEDDAR in Somerset, 7.2 BILLION SLICES Monterey Jack cheese, Beautiful birds of paradise can be found on tropical islands Little Barrier Island, milk to make cheese for 7,500 b.c., soon after any other SHOPLIFTED CHEESE, called U.K., where the ORANGE of American cheese is the STATE MICROBE New Zealand 1961: A feature film is shown on a commercial people talking—and rushing—to theaters. 1,800 PIZZAS. SHEEP and GOATS were item. 2 a careale. cheese was first made. per year. of Wisconsin, the largest and on the Australian mainland. Poisonous snakes and OceanOcean airplane for the first time. first domesticated. producer of cheese P P In 1930, about 80 million people (about two- NEW NEW The enormous cricket-like weta in the U.S.A. spiders are widespread. TasmanTasman 1973: Computer-generated imaging (CGI) is used ZEALAND ZEALAND qualifies as the world’s heaviest TRICKS OF thirds of the population at that time) went to Sea Sea for the first time in the film Westworld. PATCHWORK insect. When fully grown, the THE TRADE the movies each week! Over time, the film PLATYPUS giant weta can weigh up to 1.2 1975: Jaws becomes the first big blockbuster film. i 2@ 2$ 2% 5 Australia industry continued to grow and change. 2# pounds (0.5 kg). That’s heavier t u Queen Victoria of o A professional cheese BUFFALO mozzarella is Every other year, y MOOSE cheese is than a mouse or sparrow. Filmmakers will do just 1992: Three-quarters of homes in the United Technicolor was added to films in the 1930s. It only takes a FEW HOURS Remnants of 3,800-YEAR- England received a GIANT The holes in Swiss cheese, SCULPTOR known as made from the milk of cheesemakers from more The egg-laying ADVENTURE Scientists have discovered considered among the States have VCRs. Americans spend $12 billion on to make cheese, but the OLD CHEESE were recently BLOCK of cheddar cheese called “EYES,” are caused the “Cheese Lady” once 1,500-pound (680-kg) than 24 COUNTRIES platypus looks like it VENOMOUS about anything to get Movies such as The Wizard of Oz and Gone with CHEESE-COOKING POTS in world’s most EXPENSIVE water buffalo—that compete at the WORLD OCEANIA videos and less than $5 billion at movie theaters. AGING process—that FRANCE that date back to discovered in the graves as a WEDDING GIFT in by carbon dioxide GAS created a 120-pound (54- was patched ATTRACTIONS SPIDER

cheese—selling for AUSTRALIA & people into theaters. In the Wind boosts FLAVOR—lasts for of CHINESE 1869. It was made from BUBBLES produced during kg) human-size MICKEY is said to have more CHAMPIONSHIP Cheese became full-color smash hits. In the 5,000 b.c. around $300 per POUND Contest. (The U.S. was together from other 4 Australia MONTHS or YEARS. MUMMMIES. the milk of more than fermentation. MOUSE out of a giant CALCIUM, PROTEIN, 1995: Pixar releases Toy Story, the first fully ($500 per kg). 1960, they introduced 1950s, 3D films began popping up in 700 COWS! block of Cheddar. and IRON than the BIG CHEESE animals. It has a bill computer-animated feature film. cow’s milk. in 2014.) and webbed feet like SALTY DESERT POOLS The Sydney funnel- Smell-O-Vision to the American theaters. In the 1970s, computer- a duck, a body like an web spider is the most 2000: About 27 million people—less than 10% of The Simpson Desert is Australia’s FUZZY, FLIGHTLESS BIRD world. Odors were piped generated imaging (CGI) brought popular otter, and a tail like a dangerous spider in New Zealand the population—go to the movies in America each d harshest and hottest desert. Seasonal the world. Large fangs 3 into theaters so audiences week. films such as Jaws and Star Wars to life. s 2^ beaver. Males have President Andrew f 2& salt lakes teem with fish and are a and highly toxic The U.S. produces nearly Collectively, people in 2* poisonous stingers Jackson once left a 1,400- Some types of cheese are The largest block of 2( breeding ground for large numbers The kiwi is covered with fuzzy feathers that look could smell the movies! It 2002: Director George Lucas shoots Star Wars Today, new technology keeps consumers 11 BILLION POUNDS GREECE eat the MORE On average, it takes 1.2 3) venom give it a deadly a pound (635-kg) block of so SMELLY that they’ve CHEDDAR ever produced Contrary to popular belief, on their back legs. like fur. This chicken-size bird has short legs, a Episode II: Attack of the Clones, the first feature film (about 5 million MT) of cheese than any other GALLONS (4.2 L) of MILK There is an ORANGE of waterbirds. bite. The spider’s main cost a lot to equip theaters coming back to the movies. Think of the last MICE don’t actually like cheddar cheese to age in been BANNED from was made in 1989 by a eating cheese BEFORE BED cheese per year—enough country on the planet, and 600 gallons (2,271 L) of Crayola CRAYON called round body, a long beak, and no tail. Despite its made with a high-definition digital camera. the TASTE of CHEESE, a the WHITE HOUSE lobby being carried or eaten cheesemaker in Oregon, has not been proven to food is insects but it to provide 1.5 pounds CHOMPING ON average WATER to make one pound “macaroni and cheese.” awkward shape, the kiwi can easily outrun a person. for scented films, however, film you saw in a theater. Did you go to see study showed. for 2 years before on PUBLIC BUSES and U.S.A. It weighed 56,850 give you NIGHTMARES or sometimes eats frogs (0.7 kg) for every nearly 72 pounds (33 kg) of cheese. JELLYFISH LAKE 2009: Avatar becomes the biggest money-making SERVING it to GUESTS SUBWAYS in France. POUNDS (25,787 KG). weird DREAMS. and the stinky idea soon the amazing special effects and computer PERSON on the each per year. This saltwater lake in Palau is and lizards. film in history, earning nearly $3 billion around the PLANET. at a party. DID YOU KNOW? blew over. world. animation on the big screen? Did you wear packed with golden jellyfish. The animal’s sting is so mild that people can swim 2012: There are nearly 40,000 movie screens in 3D glasses and dodge bombs as they among them without getting hurt. the United States. The average ticket price is $7.96. exploded around you? Movies have come a k 3$ The box jellyfish is the most DIGITAL TRAVELER! g j A team of chefs once 3% venemous marine animal 3! 3@ 3# After a cheese MEGAPODE FIELDS The shingleback lizard has a tail that long way since the early days of cinema. The scent of EXTRA h A scientist has created WHIPPED UP a 2,469- The dish called HEAD For an APRIL FOOL’S DAY Leftover cheese BRINE— Some DAIRIES hire shop owner found a known. Its powerful sting stuns STINKY Vieux Boulogne, a Someone who SELLS cheese out of BACTERIA pound (1,120-kg) serving of CHEESE contains no On the beach at night in the Solomon resembles its head to confuse potential joke, NASA once released salty water used to make “Cheese graders”—people FORGOTTEN 40-year-old or kills prey instantly. Each soft cheese from France, cheese is also known as a collected from people’s MACARONI AND CHEESE cheese: It’s actually a Islands, female megapodes (flightless predators. If that doesn’t work, the lizard a statement “proving” cheese—can be used to who SMELL and TASTE block of cheese in his has been described as CHEESEMONGER. stinky FEET, belly buttons, using 286 pounds (130 kg) jellied SAUSAGE made of tentacle can reach 10 feet (3 m) that the MOON was made treat ICY ROADS. cheese for a LIVING. REFRIGERATOR, he sold it birds) dig about 3 feet (91 cm) into the sticks out its bright blue tongue. Search “six-week-old EARWAX.” and TEARS. of cheese and 56 pounds BOILED pig’s parts. 8 9 of GREEN CHEESE. for $160 per pound. in length and is covered with the Internet for photos of this cool lizard. (25 kg) of butter. sand to bury their eggs. The volcanic soil about 5,000 stinging cells. is warmed from below, providing an ideal Then find out where it lives. temperature for the eggs to incubate.

24 5,000 AWESOME FACTS 3 YOU HAVE LEARNED 426 FACTS 5,000 AWESOME FACTS 3 25 112 113

SPECIAL SKILL AREAS • Concept and content creation • Trafficking complex projects • Finding and commissioning authors • Design and page make up • Copy editing, proofreading, and indexing • Image research and copyright clearance • Commissioning and managing authors brw • Preparation of product for print or online delivery • Re-imagining and exploiting data resources BENDER RICHARDSON WHITE

UNCOVERING THE PAST TWENTY 48-PAGE TITLES FOR CRABTREE CANADA

ModErn ExAMPlES q On January 6, 2016, a newspaper in Tokyo, Japan, had a photo of North Korean leader HISTORY REPEATED Kim Jong-Un announcing his country had performed its first “We can say with certainty—we are stronger now than hydrogen bomb test. any potential aggressor. Anyone.” Russian President Vladimir Putin, 2016

Although the Cold War between the United States ModErn EXAMPLES and the U.S.S.R. ended in the 1990s when both countries agreed to nuclear controls, tensions have been on the rise again in recent years. In An InTErnATIonAL PIcTurE PERSPECTIVES December 2016 U.S. President-elect Donald Trump Several countries in Africa have some of the harshest raised the world’s attention when he tweeted: “The antigay laws. In Uganda homosexuality can send you Study this image of the United States must greatly strengthen and expand to prison for 14 years. It is common for police to abuse Women’s March. What its nuclear capability until such time as the world LGBTQ people. Even people who simply mention are some of the different comes to its senses regarding nukes.” homosexuality in a play can be arrested and deported. ways the women were Trump later confirmed his stance that the United In the Middle East LGBTQ people have virtually no sending a message? Look States would not sit by idly while other countries rights and no protection. Transgender women in Turkey at what they are wearing built up their arms. President Vladimir Putin of are likely to be arrested and beaten while in custody. and what they are holding. Russia said that he was not surprised by Trump’s The murder of homosexuals is at an all-time high. statements. After taking office as president, Trump LGBTQ websites and organizations are routinely shut continued to assert that he would support a down by the police and government. renewed Arms Race. Russia is known for its antigay laws and deep In the last 20 years or so, other nations around homophobia. LGBTQ youth have been attacked and the world have developed nuclear weapons as beaten. There is no protection from the government or a way to assert their power and deter potential lawPERSPECTIVES enforcement against discrimination or hate crimes. enemy threats. Only five countries are legally Public opinion in Russia seems to be strongly anti- allowed to have nuclear weapons—the United WhyLGBTQ do you and think same-sex people marriage is still illegal. Violence States, Great Britain, Russia, France, and China. To inagainst Japan would LGBTQ want people to is on the rise. New laws passed date, nine countries have access to nuclear arms, knowin 2013 about ban hydrogen any written material referring to LGBTQ including Pakistan, India, Israel, and North Korea. bombculture tests or in rights. North Pride parades have also been banned Most only have a few dozen to a few hundred Korea?and even Why doflying you a rainbow flag can get citizens arrested. nuclear weapons in their arsenal. The United States thinkEven the headlinewhen progress is so has been made, a change in and Russia maintain about 90 percent of the global large?government How might can the reverse those changes. In the United newspaper article have supply, with more than 7,000 each. Five European States the new government elected in 2016 has stated nations have allowed the United States to place made readers feel? Whatthat might it is prepared North Korean to reverse many of the new orders nuclear weapons on their soil, and about 24 other newspapersthat protected have said?the rights of the LGBTQ community. It p The Women’s March on January nations rely on U.S. nuclear arms for security. has vowed to make same-sex marriage illegal again, 21, 2017 was a worldwide protest. as well as ending protection for transgender and ANALYZE THIS Women demanded change to homosexual people. Without people from all parts of policies around women’s rights, 38 UNCOvERiNg THE PAST NUCLEAR WEAPONSsociety AND making THE ARMS a stand, RACE 39there is a strong chance that Think of the countries immigration reform, healthcare, where gay rights are rights of the LGBTQ community will be eroded again. and LGBTQ rights. under attack or non- existent. What are basic human rights like in these same “Being LGBT does not make you less human. And that is why countries? Is there u Athletes have been out in gay rights are human rights and human rights are gay rights.” a link between lower sports for many years but Hillary Clinton, U.S. Secretary of State, 2011 human rights and soccer player Robbie Rogers is lack of LGBTQ rights? the first openly gay male athlete If so, what is the link? in any of the major North American sports leagues.

40 uncoverinG The pasT LGBTQ 41

diffErEnt viEWs

u Theater tickets EVIDENCE RECORD CARD to Ford’s Theatre AT HOME AND ABROAD on the night of the Theater tickets LEVEL Primary source attack are primary “Let us cross over the river, and rest under the MATERIAL Printed tickets sources. PUBLICATION U.S. Senate shade of the trees.” DATE April 14, 1865 “Stonewall” Jackson’s last words SOURCE Ford’s Theatre National Historic Site The Civil War affected all the nation. On April 14, 1865, President Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln died the next day. Booth escaped to Virginia after the shooting but was shot and killed by a Union soldier 11 days later. The final battle of the Civil War happened less than a month later, on May 13, at Palmito Ranch, Texas. Even though California and Oregon were across the country from most of the Civil War action, they still had a role to play. In September 1861, a senator from Oregon was sent to Philadelphia to fund and command the California Brigade. The brigade joined the fight against the Confederacy. Other Eastern- born Californians also joined forces and headed east to join the fight. The California Column, a group of 5,000 Union volunteers, marched 900 miles (1,448 km) to Texas in order to keep Confederate soldiers out of Arizona Territory and remove them from New Mexico. This was key to keeping the South from gaining support and strength in the west. Back in California, the state’s gold resources were important for the Union. The Confederacy could have benefited from the gold and access to ports unaffected by the Union blockade. A small number of Southerners who moved to the state during the 1848–1857 gold rush were vocal about having Southern California secede from the Union. In 1864, u This lithograph is Confederate Captain Rufus Ingram began recruiting a secondary source PERSPECTIVES Southern Californians to join him in robbing showing the artist’s stagecoaches. The money they took was used to interpretation of How do you think the artist knew that there were four people plus Booth in the fund the Confederate cause. The state definitely the assassination of president’s theatre box, and that Booth had a gun and a dagger? What primary felt the impact of the war and it took many years for Abraham Lincoln by sources might the artist have used to gather the details to create this art? Search divisions to heal. John Wilkes Booth. trusted sources on the Internet to find images of artifacts that exist from the event.

32 unCoVERIng THE pAsT THE CIVIL WAR 33 BENDER RICHARDSON WHITE

QUIZ WHIZ THREE 176-PAGE FACT BOOKS FOR NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC PARTNERS

Super SCIENCE 7 Which simple machine can you find 8 SIMPLESIMPLE on a bicycle? Which household a. lever c. wheel and axle object doesn’t use MACHINES b. pulley d. all of the above any simple machine? a. light bulb c. pillow 9 True or false? b. scissors d. door knob 1 The see-saw is 2 Which isn’t A wheelbarrow is 10 an example of which considered a simple an example of a Archimedes once type of machine? machine? compound machine. said: “Give me a place a. lever c. crank a. wheel and axle c. screw b. pulley d. motor b. inclined plane d. electrical circuit to stand and with a Get 11 A lever rotates _____ I will move OUTSIDE the whole world. 8 true or false? 3 Which uses 4 A around a ______. ” A tree in Sequoia National Park, tool ratchet a. lever c. wheel U.S.A., has a tunnel in the trunk a. ball bearing c. fulcrum ’ that cars can drive through. a wedge to force ______. b. gear d. spatula b. ramp d. rocket ship ROCKIN a. makes a giant explosion things apart? b. lifts things up a. ax c. staple gun c. lets a wheel turn in only one direction b. drill d. ladder d. transmits electricity 12 True or false? 13 Which simple 9 What did the traditional homes of Native americans living in redwood forests look like? A car has exactly machine would help REDWOODS a. rectangular houses built with redwood planks four wheel-and-axle b. tree houses 5 True or false? 6 you raise the sails c. teepees made of deer hide and branches Which tool is d. metal domes Adding more pulleys made of an inclined systems. on a boat? 1 true or false? a. wedge c. screw Dinosaurs roamed 2 Where does the dawn to a rope system plane wrapped into a b. lever d. pulley through redwood redwood grow? forests. makes it easier to lift a. Australia c. China 10 true or false? spiral shape? b. Mexico d. Greece Cutting down any a. screw redwood is illegal. heavy loads. b. hammer 14 Your front teeth 11 Which U.s. national park is home to c. tape measure several groves of sequoia ? d. saw are an example of 3 a sequoia is a type of redwood. a. Yellowstone How long can a giant sequoia live? b. Everglades which machine? a. about 10 years 4 What is the General sherman c. Yosemite a. pulley b. between 100 and 500 years sequoia’s claim to fame? d. Grand Teton b. wedge c. more than 3,000 years a. world’s smallest tree c. gears d. more thanGo 1 million years b. world’s largest tree by volume d. wheel c. world’s fastest growing tree 12 How many people visit sequoia FIGURE! d. tree struck by lighting the most times National Park each year? a. fewer than 100 c. 25,000 to 50,000 b. about 1,000 d. about 1 million

the yellow ____ is commonly found in ChECk yOUR aNSWERS ON PaGE 166. 5 124 125 California’s redwood National Park, U.s.a. true or false? a. mammoth wasp c. bigfoot 13 How does fog help redwoods survive? 6 In 1927, Babe Ruth became the b. honey monkey d. banana slug a. confuses bats c. provides water first athlete to sign a million- b. stops lightning d. all of the above dollar-a-year contract. In 2014, the city with most billionaires in the 7 world—72—was______6 Which . bird might build its nest at the top of a redwood? true or false? a. New York, New York, U.S.A. 14 Most giant b. Moscow, Russia a. osprey c. partridge sequoias survive c. London, England b. whooping crane d. penguin forest fires. Pay Picture the d. Hong Kong, China 5 In 1966, Indira PAST 7 What part of the sequoia does a In thethe Ghandi became which douglas squirrel love to eat? seqUoia NatioNal forest, 6 DAY! CaliforNia, U.s.a. WILD this item, which makes up aboutc. sand 3.5 percent of the WILD GIRL TrueDAY! or false? a. needles c. bark GIRL 8 oceans, is where we get the word “salary” from. country’s first female d. seaweed acebook, b. cones d. roots Marie Curie became a. salt where does the toucan IaL 7 leader and prime tates? presIDeNt b. shells Bird live? What is the annual salary of the seaL as of 2014, heads of apple, f the first1 woman to Google, and other technology companies a. Asia minister? president of the united s 970 $1 billion a year CHeCK yoUr aNsWers oN PaGes 162–163. 71 all receive the same salaryc. of ______. b. Africa POWER win a Nobel $100,000Prize. $1 trillion a year a. POWER a. Russia c. Nigeria d. c. South America TouCAN $1 a year b. Singapore d. India b. $400,000 a. d. Europe b. $1 million a year WATCH 2 c. $1,000,000 1 How old was True or false? d. One of each coin and bill with a president’s face on it. Sacajewea brought 7 Queen Elizabeth I Who was the first 8 What did French tates? her infant son along What is the average salary forc. $71,300 a computer In which habitat would when she became fashion2 designerprogrammer in the and united s 8 woman on the U. S. d. $84,900 what is the name of this stunning bird from you find the greatest on Lewis and Clark’s $43,200 1 style icona. Gabrielle the Central American tropical rain forest? variety of bird species ruler of England? Supreme Court? b. $65,400 living together? 1804–1806 expedition a. watermelon bird c. resplendent quetzal a. 19 c. 33 a. Sandra Day O’Connor for 2014, the world’s highest paid athlete “Coco” Chanel do 3 in a team sport was soccer star cristiano b. good-looking chick d. Zeus a. a pine forest b. 25 d. 38 b. Ruth Bader Ginsburg $100,000,000 to the American West. ronaldo. how much did c.he earn? b. the suburbs c. Sonia Sotomayor before she opened d. $5 a game c. a city a. $50,000,000 true or false? d. Hillary Clinton d. the tropical rain forest her first shop in 1910? b. $80,000,000 10 Having earned about $75 million in 2 Like the baseball team, male baltimore a year, Robert Downey, Jr. , who plays orioles have _____ coloring. 3 a. worked at a bank Frida Kahlo was Iron Man, was named Hollywood’s a. blue and gray c. yellow b. made perfume CORONATION PORTRAIT 9 true or false? highest paid actor for 2014. b. bright orange and black d. green and purple which bird, flying from c. performed a trapeze act 9 a Mexican artist and OF ELIZAbETH I In 2012, a 4 Antarctica to Greenland, holds d. sang in music clubs The world’s top paid Pakistani girl named athlete in 2014, earning the record for the longest feminist who migration of any animal? $105,000,000, was tennis TuRkEy 3 what does a turkey vulture do to survived both polio Malala Yousafzai was star Roger Federer. VuLTuRE defend itself? a. arctic tern c. sparrow a. uses wing spikes to prick predators b. seagull d. grouse attacked because she 10 IroN MaN and a terrible bus In 1849, which female In 2014, $96,635 was the highest b. throws up smelly vomit 5 c. shoots poison feathers accident. What type had spoken out in medical professional average amount earned per person in which country? d. burrows into the ground support of her right 109 of art did she make? was the first American a. Qatar a. self-portraits c. abstract drawings to ______. b. United States CLIFF SwALLow Japan True or false? In most b. sculptures d. woodcut prints woman to earn a c. 4 bird species, the male 10 True or false? Human fighter a. healthcare c. wear pink d. Canada pilots reach their top speeds b. an education d. all of the above is more colorful than medical degree? the female. faster than cliff swallows can. 4 a. Elizabeth Blackwell c. Florence Nightingale In 1963 who b. Clara Barton d. Dorothea Dix , birds of paradise of Papua New 11 True or false? Baby HoRNbILL became the first True or false? Ge 165. 5 hornbills and their 11 Guinea have uniquely shaped feathers mother live inside that they use ______. check your aNsWers oN pa woman to In 1428, Joan of Arc 12 roGer a tree for about a. to attract mates In the 500s, whichfe Derer led the French Army four months. b. to regulate their body temperature travel into space? empress fought for c. to help them fly a. Sally Ride, U.S.A. to at the d. all of the above b. Valentina Tereshkova, Russia victory laws for women108 ’s 6 which fruit is also the name c. Helen Sharman, U.K. Battle of Toulouse. rights in her realm? of a New Zealand bird? d. Svetlana Savitskaya, Russia a. papaya c. mango 12 which of these birds can’t fly? a. Wu Zetian, China c. Suiko, Japan b. banana d. kiwi a. condor c. cassowary b. Lucilla, Rome d. Theodora, Byzantine b. falcon d. pelican

92 CHECK YOUR ANSWERS ON PAGE 164. 93

12 CHECk youR ANSwERS ooN PAGEPAGES xx-xx. 158–159. 13 BENDER RICHARDSON WHITE

ISLAM SIX 48-PAGE TITLES FOR CRABTREE CANADA

MYTHOLOGY EIGHT 48-PAGE TITLES FOR CRABTREE CANADA BENDER RICHARDSON WHITE

5000 AWESOME FACTS 3 224-PAGE FACT BOOK FOR NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC PARTNERS

1. One cup of undisturbed soil contains more than 200 billion living things. 2. In order to equal the height of the world’s tallest tree, found in activity has caused Spain’s Rio Tinto river to run red. 32. Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the world, reaching 29,029 feet (8,848 m) above Redwood National and State Parks in California, U.S.A., 63 6-foot (1.8-m)-tall men would have to stand on top of one another. 3. Found in Great sea level. 33. The Gulf Stream current flows across the northern Atlantic Ocean at 4 miles per hour (6.4 kph). 34. Arches National Park in Utah, Basin National Park, Nevada, U.S.A., the oldest tree on record started growing just 600 years after the ancient Egyptians settled near the Nile U.S.A., is home to more natural stone arches than any other place in the world. 35. Dust and air bubbles trapped in Greenland and Antarctic ice River. 4. The world’s biggest underground chamber is the Miao Room cavern in China—it could hold water from 4,312 Olympic-size swimming pools. sheets contain hundreds of thousands of years of information about Earth’s climate. 36. A stalactite in Doolin Cave, Ireland, is 23 feet (7 m) long, 5. Northern lights shimmer across the sky when charged particles from the sun cause Earth’s atmosphere to glow. 6. We smell rain because weighs 10 tons (9 MT), and is about 400,000 years old. 37. The Sargasso Sea, located in the Atlantic Ocean, is the only sea surrounded entirely by raindrops trap tiny bubbles that rocket through the droplet and explode on the surface, releasing scented fizz. 7. A beaver dam water. 38. Ocean currents create the boundaries for the Sargasso Sea. 39. The Alps mountain range crosses 11 European countries. 40. Lake in Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada, is 2,800 feet (853 m) across—big enough to be seen from space. 8. The highest point on Sørvágsvatn in the Faroe Islands of Northern Europe sits at the top of a bluff that’s 98 feet (30 m) above the Atlantic Ocean.41. The Atlantic Ocean, the Maldives, a group of 1,200 islands in the Indian Ocean, is just 4 feet (1.2 m) above sea level—the height of an average Mediterranean Sea, and Red Sea all border the Sahara. 42. Although glaciers usually move slowly, Kutiah Glacier in Pakistan put the pedal to 7-year-old. 9. The world’s largest living thing is thought to be a humongous fungus in Malheur National Forest in the metal in 1953, moving more than the length of a football field each day for three months. 43. Visitors can reach the three natural stone Oregon, U.S.A., that covers 2,385 acres (965 hectares)of land. 10. Gran Cenote, a water-filled sinkhole in Mexico, is the bridges in Chongqing, China, by glass elevator or by climbing 1,000 steep steps. 44. Antelope Canyon, with its red, ribbon-like walls, is owned and entrance to the 130-mile-long (209.2 km) underwater Sistema Sac Actun cave system. 11. The longest insect maintained by the Navajo Nation in Arizona, U.S.A. 45. Black smoker deep-sea vents can form chimneys as tall as an 18-story building at the migration in the world takes place across the Indian Ocean: Dragonflies fly more than 4,350 miles (7,001 km) bottom of the ocean. 46. Naturally shaped stones that resemble pine trees dot the landscape in the Stone Forest of China. 47. Dragon’s blood trees from India to Africa. 12. Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park in Madagascar is home to a forest of limestone on Yemen’s island of Socotra look like flying saucers. 48. The 150 million Mexican free-tailed bats that roost inside Bracken Bat Cave in Texas, “needles.” Tsingy is a local word meaning “where one cannot walk barefoot.” 13. Five-story tall Blood Falls U.S.A., snap up 140 tons (127 MT) of insects each night. 49. The Great Lakes of North America hold 84 percent of the surface fresh water (water in Antarctica oozes red water from an ancient lake trapped under Taylor Glacier. The lake is salty and full found in streams, rivers, and lakes) in North America. 50. Swirls of blue marble overhang Lake General Carrera on the Chile–Argentina border. The of iron, which turns the water red. 14. At the Bay of Fundy in Canada, high tide can swell as high as Marble Caves were carved by 6,000 years of water wearing away the rock. 51. Wild emu wander among jagged spikes of sculpted sand, called 53.5 feet (16.3 m) against the seaside cliffs—the height of a three-story the Pinnacles, in Nambung National Park, Australia. 52. Millions of monarch butterflies spend the winter clustered in trees at just 12 areas in the building. 15. The Alleys of Stone in Las Majadas, Spain, form a natural maze in mountains of Mexico. 53. Fully intact skeletons of horses, camels, and rhinos can be seen in the Ashfall Fossil Beds State Historical Park in which visitors can get lost if they don’t follow the marked paths. 16. If you Nebraska, U.S.A. 54. The mist rising from Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River in Zimbabwe can be seen more than 12 miles (19 km) away. 55. The replaced the wood in the world’s largest tree with water, it would take more than sulfur yellow crater of Dallol Volcano in Ethiopia sits 157 feet (48 m) below sea level. 56. Arctic terns migrate from the Arctic to the Antarctic and 1.5 Olympic-size swimming pools to fill the tree. 17. Large rocks ‘sail’ across a dry back each year—a round-trip of 44,000 miles (71,000 km). 57. More than 300 100-million-year-old dinosaur tracks trail across the rocks of Wandering glider lake bed in Death Valley, California, U.S.A., leaving grooved trails in their wake. Dinosaur Ridge in Morrison, Colorado, U.S.A. 58. The Silver Dragon tidal wave reaches up to 30 feet (9 m) high when it races up the Qiantang River dragonfly 18. Glaciers store about 75 percent of the world’s fresh water. 19. More in Jiaxing, China as the tide rushes in. 59. The dry valleys of Antarctica are so dry that the bodies of animals that die there are preserved and than 6 million cubic feet (168,000 cu m) of water flows over Niagara turn into mummies. 60. The black sand beaches of Muriwai in New Zealand stretch for 37 miles (60 km) and are home to 1,200 pairs of seabirds Falls every minute. 20. Bamboo can grow 1.2 inches (3 cm) per called gannets during nesting season. 61. Barrel waves (that curl over along the top) can be up to 0.6 mile (1 km) long at Skeleton Bay, Namibia. hour. 21. The Amazon rain forest is 2.1 million square miles 62. More than 3,300 hot spring pools in the Huanglong National Scenic Area in China are bright blue, green, yellow and white, due to calcium (5.5 million sq km)—that’s more than three times the bicarbonate in the water. 63. Brave kayakers can paddle through caves carved on the underside of glaciers in Resurrection Bay near Seward, size of Alaska. 22. When wet, the Salar de Uyuni Alaska, U.S.A. 64. The grass-covered Chocolate Hills in the Philippines aren’t edible, but they do contain marine fossils that are millions of years old. salt flats in Bolivia perfectly mirror the sky, 65. Leatherback sea turtles swim up to 3,700 miles (6,000 km) to lay their eggs. 66. The coldest place on Earth is in eastern Antarctica— creating a landscape that seems to go on temperatures can drop to minus 133.6°F (–92°C). 67. The tundra is one of the harshest environments on Earth. Tundras can be found in the Arctic, forever. 23. Old Faithful in Yellowstone Antarctic, and on mountain tops—anywhere it’s cold, windy, and dry. 68. Two lakes continue to exist in the Sahara, fed by water from underground. National Park in Wyoming, U.S.A., 69. To reach the misty rain forest on Cape Melville, Australia, you must scale 9 miles (15 km) of house-sized boulders. 70. The Rocky Mountains erupts because the park sits on the run 3,000 miles (4,800 km) from northern Canada to New Mexico, U.S.A. 71. Lake Powell in Utah, U.S.A., has more shoreline than the West Coast of caldera of a massive volcano. 24. Large the United States. 72. Inside Greenland’s ice sheet lies a lake the size of West Virginia, United States. 73. A volcano in Iceland gushed lava for several months, at times spewing enough lava to cover a football field every 5.5 minutes. 74. Several lakes in western Australia have bubble-gum pink water. 75. Ice crystals in glaciers can grow to be the size of baseballs. 76. Clashing warm and cold ocean waters create fog every day on Grand 100 Banks, Newfoundland, making it the foggiest place on Earth. 77. Blue flames erupt from a volcano on the island of Java, Indonesia. 78. Storms produce 1.2 million lightning strikes per year where the Catatumbo River flows into Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela. 79. The Greek island of Santorini has red, white, and black sand beaches. 80. Mount Erebus in Antarctica has been erupting continuously since at least 1841. 81. Coral reefs house as much as 25 percent of ocean life. 82. Meghalaya, Indonesia, gets 467 inchesFACTS (11.9 m) of rain each year—more than half of which falls during BREATH- the June and July monsoon. 83. People in Meghalaya, India train the roots of rubber trees to form natural bridges. 84. There are more forests S in Russia than any other country. 85. Fire helps to maintain grasslands by killing off trees—grasses survive because they grow from the bottom up. 19 32 45 1 8 Whales and dolphins— Although whales live in t 86. A whopping 93.5 feet (28.5 m) of snow fell on Mount Rainier in Washington, U.S.A., in the winter of 1971-1972. 87. Rivers fan out into deltas 15 When whales DIVE AND NATURE S DOLPHINS and BOTTLENOSE Hundreds of years RESURFACE, they and even seals and the ocean, a MOTHER

C ’ as they reach the ocean, creating wetlands that purify the water. 88. Ice shelves extending off Antarctica carve icebergs longer than the island ABOUTPORPOISES are DOLPHINS are often ago, Europeans sold help to MIX OCEAN penguins—sometimes HUMPBACK and her

a of Oahu, Hawaii, U.S.A. 89. The oldest crystals on Earth formed 4.276 billion years ago. 90. Theactually biggest TOOTHED volcano in the world—the size of the trained to perform NARWHAL TUSKS as WATERS from top swim by PORPOISING, daughter SWAM 75 about F British Isles—lies hidden under the Pacific Ocean east of Japan. 91. If you compare the inside of an appleWHALES. to our planet, our atmosphere5 is thinner TRICKS such as UNICORN HORNS. to bottom, bringing 26 THAT IS, LEAPING IN 39 MILES (121 KM) WONDERS 12 TAKING SPERM WHALES are jumping through hoops. NUTRIENTS UP FROM AMAZON RIVER AND OUT of the water. A whale HUNTED IN UPRIVER in California, than the apple’s skin. 92. The strongest storms on Earth occur east of the Andes Mountains in Argentina. 93. The Atlantic Ocean gets wider by The HEAD of a sperm some of the DEEPEST- THE DEEP. DOLPHINS start out ALASKA, U.S.A., in U.S.A. sphere-shaped stones cover the floor of the Valley of the Moon in Argentina. 25. A diving peregrine falcon travels more than 3 times as fast as a 1 inch (2.5 cm) each year. 94. The Colorado River runs dry before it reaches the Gulf of California because people in seven U.S. states and Mexico use whale is nearly ONE- 75 DIVING whales, dark GRAY but turn 2007 contained weapon THIRD of its TOTAL cheetah in full sprint. 26. Off the coast of Belize, the Blue Hole sinkhole is sufficiently wide and deep to stack 4 Boeing 747 airplanes inside. the water. 95. Along the East African Rift Valley, the east coast is slowly splitting off from the rest of the continent. An reachingocean will depths eventually of 6,700 PINK and even WHITE fragments that . DATED 27. The water surrounding deep-sea vents can reach 750°F (400°C). 28. The Three Eyes, or Los Tres Ojos, in the Dominican Republic are subterranean form between the two. 96. Elaborate ice crystals decorate the inside of glacier caves in the Arctic. 97. The hills of Zhangye Danxia in China are 9 BODY LENGTH. as they 46 Tap dancer Savion Glover wore feet (2 km). 16 AGE. BACK TO 1879. 3$ The male NARWHAL Southern right whales Male HUMPBACK lakes filled by an underground river. 29. Major Oak, a tree in Sherwood Forest, Nottingham, England, is 1,000 years old. Its largely hollow trunka motion capture suit to helpstriped with red, blue, and yellow stone. 98. Natural Bridge, a 215-foot (65.5-m)-long limestone bridge in2 Virginia, U.S.A., is the largest natural 20 HAS ONLY TWO SAIL through the water WHALES sing songs; gave rise to rumors that Robin Hood used it as a hideout. 30. The deepest point on Earth, the bottom of the2$ Mariana Michelle Trench Obama, in the the First South Lady Pacific, animators create authentic danceland bridge in North America. 99. Visitors exploring the forest near La Colle-sur-Loup in southern France may happen upon sculptures made Gray whales SUCK Happy Feet’s Mumble, a A BABY BLUE TEETH, one of which by holding their tails in they change these songs lies 35,838 feet (10,923 m) below sea level—that’s deeper than Mount Everest is tall. 31. Over the course of 5,000of the years, United iron States, released had a dance-off from mining moves for using forest materials by artist Spencer Byles. 100. The plant-covered beaches of Panjin, China,WHALE turn bright weighs red inabout the fall. FOOD from the sandy When women perform the grows into a SPIRAL the air and LETTING every 2 to 3 MONTHS d with Ellen Degeneres to celebrate penguin who loves to dance. as much as an ADULT ocean floor. 33 6 TUSK that measures up THE WIND MOVE 27 match those sung by Maypole dance they move in a circle the 5th anniversary of Obama’s Let’s HIPPOPOTSAMUS. Orcas sometimes TO Cuttlefish (relatives of squid) do a 13 Whales POKE THEIR EAT 40 q THE TARANTELLA around a tall, decorated pole. The Move campaign. 3% The LUNGS of sperm to 8.8 feet (2.7 m) long. THEM. OTHER WHALES. other humpback whales. fluttery dance while flashing YOU colorful HAVE LEARNED 526 FACTS DANCE HEADS out of the 5,000 AWESOME FACTSDANCE 3 IS NAMED AFTER dance originally came from England, 5,000 AWESOMEwhales FACTS COLLAPSE 3 Blue whales EAT 2.2 Female HUMPBACK 26 27 water to get a better THE FRENZIED DANCE- Sweden, and Germany. 2% In the Middle East, carvings patterns over their bodies in order WHEN THEY DIVE to TONS (2 MT) of KRILL whales MEET UP year to attract mates and confuse prey. The world’s largest line-dance FEEL FOR THEIR LIKE MOVEMENT PEOPLE and paintings up to 9,000 years old TO KEEP YOU ON YOUR TOEShelp them handle the 6* each day. after year, just like OLD Most Maypole dances are SURROUNDINGS, DID WHEN THEY HAD BEEN f provide the oldest evidence of people PRESSURE at great involved 25,70310 people and took place 34 FRIENDS. 47 done on May 1, but in Sweden it’s a dancing. Male manakins (small tropical 3 The Hamster Dance (an animation in China. 17 21 a behavior called BITTEN BY A TARANTULA. 3^ 6! depths. A narwhal’s tusk grows The COLOR PATTERN In 2013 a pod of SPERM midsummer celebration. birds) team up to do a leap-frog BALEEN WHALESof hamsters dancing and singing) was Sperm whales SLEEP When Gray whales search SPYHOPPING. right through its and SHAPE of a WHALES ADOPTED w November 29 is Square Dance 2^ Tap dance came from a dance in order to impress females. 5# Male jumping spidersuse fringe-like clap, hum, bristlescreated by a college student as part 6( In Mexico in 2009, almost 14,000 IN GROUPS, for food HIDDEN IN Applejack, heel split, and rocking UPPER LIP. humpback whale’s a DOLPHIN with a Day in the United States. g combination of Scottish, Irish, and and tap in an elaborateinstead song and of teeth TOof a dare to see who could get the people gathered to show off their FLOATING THE SAND, they PLOW Many square dance terms, fins are AS UNIqUE CURVED SPINE, chair are the names of moves in line English clog dancing and African 3& 4% NFL player Steve McLendon says dance when courting TRAPfemales. thousands ofmost online views. (She7 won.) zombie moves to Michael Jackson’s VERTICALLY in the TROUGHS in the ocean 28 41 In the year 1600, Shakespearean including “do-si-do,” “promenade,” AS HUMAN allowing it to become e dancing. tribal dances. ballet is harder than anything else TINY pieces of FOOD. The vaquita porpoise Thriller. 14 water. floor. The BOWHEAD A WHITE WHALE actor Will Kemp danced an Irish jig and “allemande,” come from French. Although Michael Jackson is According to scientists, when FINGERPRINTS. part of their pod. he does. 5$ 6@ is the SMALLEST Boot-Scootin’ Boogie, firstHumpback whales USE WHALE, which lives in MIMICKED the sounds from London to Norwich—about 120 h IN 1942, 50 ELEPHANTS 2& Dancers avoid getting dizzy when best known for the moonwalk, it was we watch someone else dance with 7) The The Winter Olympics of 2014 was MEMBER of the whale RINGS OF BUBBLES the Arctic Ocean, has of HUMAN SPEECH so miles (193 km). AND 50 BALLERINAS they spin by “spotting”—looking at 3* Women in many Native American performed years earlier by Sammy sadness or joy we experience the performed in 1992, is still the most 4^ and dolphin family; it called BUBBLE-NETS a layer of BLUBBER well, one of his handlers PERFORMED A CHOREO- a fixed spot on the wall for as long the first time that U.S. skaters won tribes do a circular dance wearing Davis, Jr., Cab Calloway, and Fred same emotion. requested country line dance. would take about 3,000 to trap fish at the THAT IS 2 FEET got out of the water r When Americans began dancing GRAPHED DANCE. as possible before whipping the head gold in the ice dancing competition. dresses with metal “jingles” as a Astaire. 4 22 around to stare at the spot again. Whenof them a break to dancer EqUAL windmills, THE The Hawaiian hula dance tells water’s surface. 18 (61 CM) THICK. 35 because THE WHALE the foxtrot in the early 1900s, church prayer to heal someone who is ill. Although blue whales are6# 7! Whale carcasses that officials disapproved. That disapproval 3( THE LONGEST DANCE DANCING RELEASES he spinsWEIGHT from chest of toa blue upper whale. back a story. 11It was originally danced to Blue whale POOP A whale’s EAR WAX is TOLD HIM TO DO SO. 48 j People aren’t the only ones to 5% the HEAVIEST animals fall to the ocean floor made it one of the most popular 2* In China, people perform a lion MARATHON ON RECORD Capoeira is a Brazilian martial using his legs—that are in the air—to A appeaseFIN WHALE the volcano pees goddess Pele. contains nutrients laid down in layers, LIKE HIPPOS are the line-dance. Horses can be trained to 4& BRAIN CHEMICALSever to live THAT on Earth, take carbon with them; dances of all time. dance to bring good fortune. It takes LASTED 131 HOURS. art form disguised as dance. Slaves propel him in a circle. enough to FILL 3 that FERTILIZE TREE RINGS, so it CLOSEST LIVING do it, too, by lining up with people MAKE US FEELthey HAPPY.are up to 50 feet Former U.S. President Gerald some scientists think and matching their steps. two people to wear the lion costume created it to practice fighting skills BATHTUBS7@ each day. PLANKTON, which in can be USED TO TELL RELATIVES of whales. Ballet dancers on “pointe” have for the dance. (15 m) SHORTER than Morris dancing involves a this sinking carbon could 29 t 4) Hoofers are tap dancers that without letting anyone know what The macarena is danced only 6$ Ford danced with Britain’s Queen turn FEED FISH. HOW OLD the animal is. 42 5^ the biggest dinosaur. group of performers who wave Elizabeth at a White House dinner. HELP FIGHT GLOBAL The FIN WHALE can A blue whale can a foam-padded toe box that wraps k In the dragon dance, Chinese focus on footwork with little arm or they were doing. to the song, “Macarena” by Los del around the toes to support the foot. 2( AFRIKA BAMBAATA, upper body movement. handkerchiefs or sticks and wear WARMING. SWIM at speeds up to completely OPEN AND dancers hold a dragon made of paper Rio. It is the most popular one-hit- ACTION MOVIE or cloth on sticks, making it move A REFORMED CRIMINAL, BIRDS CALLED GREBES wonder of all time. bells on their legs. 7# 23 miles per hour (37 CLOSE its 19.7-foot Ballet dancers train for a year to 4* y and sway. PROMOTED BREAK 4! Before people could write, PERFORM COORDINATED ACTRESS MICHELLE YEOH kph)—about the same (6-m) jaws in LESS At the annual Full-Moon Party in become strong enough to dance on DANCING AS A POSITIVE they used dance to communicate BEAK-TO-BEAK DANCES 5& The Chicken Dance is called 6% ORIGINALLY TRAINED TO speed as the FASTEST THAN 10 SECONDS. 49 pointe. The Dance of the Swans in important events. Dances prepared Thailand, enormous sound systems BE A BALLERINA. 23 36 l Swan Lake is one of the ALTERNATIVE TO STREET WITH THEIR MATES. the Duck Dance in Switzerland and HUMAN RUNNER. The HEART of a blue Tchaikovsky's FIGHTING. groups for activities such as harvest Germany. are set up along the beach, so up to The BIG KNOBS on The WAX EAR PLUG A dung beetle will climb on top of whale is the size of u hardest dances in ballet to perform. or hunting. 4( The moonwalk was originally 30,000 party-goers can dance the 7$ At the website 24 Hours of a humpback whale’s removed from a whale a ball of dung and dance in a circle to King of the Kidz is the only world A cockatoo named Snowball night away. Happy, people dance all“Happy.” day and night a VOLKSWAGEN 3) Dance/Movement therapists called the backslide. 5* face are actually HAIR can be 10 INCHES get its bearings. When the Chinese dragon dance 4@ was the first non-human dancer to Pharrell’s hit song, 30 43 BEETLE. ; championship breakdance TONY ADAMS, THE FOLLICLES. (25.4 CM) LONG. first began 2,000 years ago, it was competition for young people. use dance to improve the physical, Dancing provides the same type recognized by scientists as truly 6^ Whales communicate Unlike fish, which swish In Nepal, people love to dance so mental, and emotional health of their 5) Bart Simpson has his own dance,“Do the i performed to worship ancestors and of workout as bike riding or jogging. dancing (moving to the beat without WORLD’S FASTEST TAP- 7% using WHISTLES and their tails from SIDE much—and make others join them— pray for rain. The name “cha cha” comes from patients. being trained to do so). DANCER, TAPPED 602 BEATS called the Bartman. The song PULSES that sound TO SIDE, whales move that they have a word that means “to 3! Nachaune. a plant that produces seed pods used A Native American pow-wow IN JUST 60 SECONDS. Bartman” was co-written by Michael like SqUAWKS and their tail fins, called make dance”: An internet video of the Harlem Indian dancers wear anklets of 5! Peacock spiders of Australia and 2) as rattles. 4# Ghungrus, to emphasize is set up as a series of circles. The 5( Jackson. bells, called SCREAMS to the flukes, UP AND DOWN Shake dance was viewed 7.4 million innermost circle is the dance arena. freshwater50 algae are known to dance. Cuban-born Carlos Acosta is 37 Whirling dervishes—people who 6& 24 human ear. AS THEY SWIM. 50 o times in just one week. Bebop, or bop, is a fast-paced the rhythm of their footwork. regarded as the finest male ballet 97 Musicians in Winnipeg, spin around and around—do so as 3@ Blue whales are the Captive DOLPHINS version of the jitterbug that people Most dances performed at pow- 6) A dance party is held in the dancer of recent times. Canada, created MUSIC part of the Sufi tradition of Islam. Ballet originated in 15th- Some NFL players take ballet to 5@ LOUDEST ANIMALS in Port-Saint-Père, 2! danced to blazing-fast jazz music in 4$ wows come from the Plains tribes of Dead Sea in Israel each year. In 2014, 5,000 AWESOME FACTS 3 that THEY PLAYED When a dervish whirls, he imitates Century Italy. At the time, everyone strengthen their knees, ankles, and WHOPPING ON EARTH; their calls France, SING humpback the 1940s. the United States and Canada. 13,000 people attended. underwater to WILD the spin of natural objects from feet. This makes them less likely to are as loud as a ROCKET 44 WHALE SONGS at participated, not just the ballet BELUGA WHALES. The atoms to planets. dancers. The Viennese Waltz is the oldest be injured when playing football. LAUNCH. 31 an orca night. 3# whales SANG ALONG. “OLD TOM,” ballroom dance still performed today. 2,241 FACTS FACTS ABOUT DIFFERENT PODS of that lived in the waters Honey bees dance to tell other International ballroom dancing is a 2@ YOU HAVE LEARNED whales have their own off Australia, and its pod bees where to find food. The dance very formal, but the American style DIALECTS, or variety HELPED HERD baleen brwcommunicates how far to fly and in allows for dips and spins. what direction. of sounds. 38 whales so whalers could 25 HUNT THEM MORE 2# The cha cha originated with When hunting, KILLER BOWHEAD WHALES The Hokey Pokey is called the EASILY. s voodoo celebrations in Haiti. WHALES—also known can live for MORE Hokey Cokey in England. as orcas—create THAN 200 YEARS— WAVES TO WASH their cold, Arctic habitat WHALES SEALS off of ICE helps SLOW THE AGING PROCESS. 96 5,000 AWESOME FACTS 3 FLOES. 16 5,000 AWESOME FACTS 3 YOU HAVE LEARNED 276 FACTS 5,000 AWESOME FACTS 3 17 BENDER RICHARDSON WHITE

WAR OF 1812 DINOSAURS 3D 3D DINOSAURS FOUR 48-PAGE TITLES FOR CRABTREE CANADA 80-PAGE 3D BOOK FOR TIME FOR KIDS

Time-travel back more than 65 million years ago to when dinosaurs ruled the world. Get up close to some of the biggest, heaviest and most fearsome creatures ever to have lived on Earth—in 3D! Two pairs of 3D glasses will allow you and a friend to learn how these prehistoric animals lived and died.

TIME For Kids dinosaurs includes animal adventure! 3D is an incredible fact-filled 2 pairs of 3d glasses! award-winning dinosaur author, d scientific discoveries about dinosaurs in this journey through time. ougal dixon, reveals the latest An Incredible Journey Through Time by Dougal Dixon BENDER RICHARDSON WHITE

ECONOMICS OF ENTERTAINMENT JUNIOR RANGER FOUR 48-PAGE TITLES FOR CRABTREE CANADA 160-PAGE FOR NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC PARTNERS

Bet you Bet you t coolabout facts THE DREAM FACTORY didn’t 56

Quiet on the set! Roll cameras! And … action! The PRODUCERS AND CONSUMERS ny How does anything survive here? Death Valley National Park camping Economics is the study of how society decides u know Going camping is a great way to get out and Hollywood actors and actresses play their parts while n looks like the surface of the moon—and it’s HOT. Desert know what and how much to produce, how to produce F creatures are adapted to the scorching conditions, but see the national parks. If you haven’t the crew captures every scene on film. Soon the movie these goods and services, and for whom to N you’ll need to carry plenty of fresh water. camped before practice setting up your will be playing at a theater near you. Did you ever produce them. People use money and other , wonder how it got there? How much did it cost to resources to make goods and deliver services. FILL-I tent in your yard or in your house. make? Who paid for it? Did they make money? And Film studios in the United A resource is anything—such as trees, machines, Kingdom made magic in and workers—that is used to produce goods. The Mad Inventor 1 s why is movie popcorn so expensive? It all comes down Harry Potter and the Deathly Filmmakers need scripts, costumes, lights, and a nickname to economics. Hallows, Parts 1 and 2, starring cameras to make their goods (movies). What GORP , 2 Visitors to America’ actor Daniel Radcliffe. other resources do they need? Filmmakers also need millions and millions of trail mix, dollars to make and sell movies. In the film for good old Great Smoky industry, a producer is the person who gets the stands for money to make a movie and who manages every “ step of the process. In economics, a producer is Mountains anyone who uses resources to make goods. raisins and Consumers are the people who buy and use the peanuts.” National Park can enjoy goods. When you spend your allowance to see the latest movie, you are a consumer. When you more than buy a big tub of popcorn to eat at the movies, you become an even bigger consumer. You also 3 The recipe for campsites. become part of the economy. 1 ,000 ONE OF A KIND s’mores, Hollywood is sometimes called “The Dream Factory.” It is a magical place where stars a popular fireside are made and dreams can come true. Like first appeared other factories, Hollywood makes snack, INSIDER INSIGHT products. A product is an item or service “Movies, in the U.S.A., are the that is bought or used by a consumer, such in a 1927 number one exported product. as a movie, a car, or a can of beans. Unlike That’s an amazing thing, and [it] most industrial factories, however, creates economics here and Hollywood studios can spend many years or invasive, species can be harmful to the plants and animals found in the parks naturally. Girl Scout “Alien,” around the world.” and millions of dollars to make a single, Fun Tom Sherak, Film producer unique product—a movie. Can you Fact! handbook. imagine spending all that time and money to make just one car or a can of beans? 4 Some tents are 4 5 Death Valley on the sand! I’m so This protected area in California type of food and Nevada is over now equipped with National Park . We verb that we could probably cook a(n) or electrical systems TIMELINE so glasses of type of liquid FILM adjective and I quickly verb solar I could drink large number Thomas Edison and other inventors s name to allow campers to charge Late 1800s: friend’ develop moving picture cameras. adjective e Brothers Louis and Auguste Lumière make d-whit !” shouts the park ranger. 1895: TY t black-an electronic devices. len to Badwater Basin, where we see a pool of water. . “ and show the first movies in Paris, France. They are GET SHOR owed si . That’s verb .” So instead we their short, silent, black-and-white films. emas sh econds arly cin bout 45 s eaters plural Small theaters—called nickelodeons E sted a noun, 1905: at la ou see in th aving a noun films th reviews y ple le to the ground to fill our —open across America. Viewers pay five cents to r than p eal peo verb ending in –ing Y OF FILM see short films. By 1908, there are about 9,000 shorte eatured r eir OR e films f atering th HIST re movie theaters in the country. ay! Th ast, w vities. 5 people go s,” we tod g breakf ple acti e In the United States alone, movie Universal Studios begins making movies. It ory, eatin er sim s. Ther “Drinking that will make you feel like a(n) and 1 ws, or “ he 1912: fact oing oth ar chase o r c ure sh e. T is the first studio in the United States. en, and d sions o ere color 40 million g pict ste Lumièr es gard o explo es. Th some ovin ugu e movi The Jazz Singer becomes the first feature ere n ampir s fell e first m d A eir littl 1927: There w eroes or v udience head to Dante’s View to watch the sun set over the salt flats and the sand dunes. “ -lexor. Th uis an ig th film with spoken words. Other talking pictures perh et a y Lo ow b aid, re no su r color! Y . e in 1895 b o idea h ously s —called “talkies”—quickly become popular. we ound o ictures ! Are we still on Earth?” I ask when I see the sky turn silly word every year. mad ad n e fam ’t even s oving p ers h umièr About 80 million people—or 65% of the wasn ew m jokes, “My name is h broth uis L e.” 1930: e n Frenc act, Lo utur ove with th exclamation s name and flash camping . In f ut a f population—go to the movies in the United States in l ome o OLOR er, 39 ould bec ention with each week. azz Sing above the cliffs. same friend’ verb w v AND TECHNICw, The J ema is an in A Walt Disney short cartoon becomes the ure sho es” he cin 1932: TALKIES g pict er “talki color ... ” Just then we see something “T first full-color film. Other Technicolor films like The t talkin th The firs ally got Wizard of Oz and Gone With the Wind soon follow. g screen in 1927. O e e bi ese new films r eaters. Movie theaters begin selling refreshments. hit th ed. Th o th Welcome to name of a planet 1933: n follow ushing—t ut two- soo g—and r ple (abo 1950s: Television becomes popular and draws ple talkin llion peo ent to peo ut 80 mi at time) w viewers away from theaters. In the 1960s, nearly bo on at th across the sky. Could it be ... ? every house in America has a “home screen.” In 1930, a pulati e, the film f the po er tim . A feature film is shown on a commercial thirds o eek! Ov ange 1961: s each w d ch . e movie o grow an e 1930s BeSt oF airplane for the first time. th ntinued t tHe nortHWe ver the stry co o films in th one with In the Pacific Northwest states of OregonSt and ers o Computer-generated imaging (CGI) is used indu as added t z and G u ook view olor 1973: lor w f O e n othy t ld of c co zard o Dor to a wor for the first time in the film Westworld. Techni e Wi . In th Washington, you may see an active volcano, a lake n s Th sh hits y d of Oz. a F Let off some steam in Yellowstone National Park—at the biggest w and in izar s such a olor sm rainbo vie The W Jaws becomes the first big blockbuster film. Movie e full-c p in as deep as some skyscrapers are high, mountain 1975: becam pping u r- collection of spouting geysers and bubbling hot springs in the world! And in the 1939 mo e Wind an po mpute glaciers, rocky beaches, historic sites, and lots of Three-quarters of homes in the United th , co 38 watch out for herds of pronghorn, elk, and mighty American bison. 1992: , 3D films beg e 1970s pular States have VCRs. Americans spend $12 billion on 1950s aters. In th wildlife. Unscramble the letters to identify animals, N can the rought po FILL-I Ask a friend to give you words to fill in the blanks in this story without ri I) b videos and less than $5 billion at movie theaters. Ame g (CG to life. ed imagin ar Wars ers landmarks, and other national park features in these showing it to him or her. Then read it out loud for a laugh. Pixar releases Toy Story, the first fully generat s and St onsum 1995: h as Jaw y keeps c st zoomed-in photos. computer-animated feature film. c hnolog f the la The Mad Inventor films su ew tec . Think o TRICKS OF About 27 million people—less than 10% of oday, n ovies ee TRADE 2000: T o the m ou go to s THE the population—go to the movies in America each g back t r. Did y r comin eate ompute week. aw in a th ts and c film you s ial effec ou wear Director George Lucas shoots Star Wars g spec n? Did y Filmmakers will do gjuestt 2002: e amazin ig scree y ything t Episode II: Attack of the Clones, the first feature film th n the b s the ers. In ation o mbs a e a about an o theat made with a high-definition digital camera. anim odge bo ave com t ed sses and d ovies h people in troduc Avatar becomes the biggest money-making 3D gla ou? M inema. 2009: ound y ays of c 1960, they in o the film in history, earning nearly $3 billion around the exploded ar e early d O-Vision t world. ce th 9 Smell- ere piped g way sin dors w es lon world. O 2012: There are nearly 40,000 movie screens in ters so audienc t into thea vies! I the United States. The average ticket price is $7.96. ers could smell the mo t o equip thea er, cost a lot t , howev ented films for sc y idea soon nirH ogB PeeHS and the stink D eorW ver. D o blew o r S ete a S e t oret

8

MOVIE BUDGETS Fun Fact! American bison weigh up to 2, 000 pounds (907 kg), yet they can jump up to 6 feet (1.8 m) into the air! PLANNED IN DETAIL begins. “Below-the-line” expenses are all the direct Before filming can begin, the producer must make a costs of shooting the film. They include crew budget. A budget is a detailed plan of how much members, equipment, transportation, building sets, money will be spent on which items. You may have and renting locations. These are variable costs. Yellowstone heard your parents say that you can’t go to the They can change during filming. For example, if a e D r cork B a cr movies or buy a new DVD because it’s not in the scene is cut from the script, the producers will not trrcea eakL National Park budget. That means that it’s not part of the spending have to pay the crew to shoot that scene. e L k P plan for that week or month. Many families set a t F reS o budget to make sure they have enough money to BIG AND SMALL We’re going on a national park tour, starting in Wyoming at America’s oldest national park, pay their bills. There may be enough room in the Big Hollywood movies have big budgets. The budget for movies and other entertainment. average studio film costs about $140 million to Yellowstone. We make. Some movies cost much more. The 2012 film onto a walkway in front of the park’s ABOVE AND BELOW John Carter cost at least an incredible $300 million! verb Like parents, film producers plan how every dollar Independent films like El Mariachi have much attraction: Old Faithful. The ranger tells us that the geyser got its name adjective because ending it eruptsin –est of their budget will be spent. The only difference is smaller budgets. They usually range from a few that most movie budgets are millions of dollars! thousand to a few million dollars. about every Film budgets are broken down into two parts. number minutes. We’re getting “Above-the-line” expenses are all the costs of the feeling waiting for it to erupt, when creative talent. They include salaries for LEFT: Spider-Man movies have friend’s name points with his/her screenwriters, producers, actors, directors, and supersized budgets. body part and shouts, “ other people who help shape the story. These are BELOW: A small crew shoots a low- A herd of verb over there!” fixed costs that do not usually change once filming budget independent film. large number bison is verb ending in –ing toward us. Some of them are as big as a(n) aocr type of vehicle , with horns as long as a(n) BUDGET FOR SPIDER-MAN 2 BUDGET FOR EL MARIACHI . But what really surprises us is (approx. figures) (approx. figures) uoM tn eanirir tornnerH when one of them noun into the air like or Spider-Man 2 or El Mariachi M yyP verb ending in –s tion Budget f tion Budget f g W o L famous basketball player Produc Produc I didn’t know bison could jump! We’re so busy watching the bison that we miss . seeing Old , Script: $10 million Film Stock: $2,329 exclamation ights: $20 million rocessing: $1,323 Story R Film P Faithful erupt. Oh well, only Producers: $15 million Equipment -on lamps and bulbs): $127 Director: $10 million (clip number more minutes left to wait until it happens again! Acting Fees: $225 12 Cast: $30 million ake blood, used duction Costs (f tion Costs: $45 million Other Pro Produc ase, etc.): $397 CHECK YOUR ANSWERS ON PAGE XXX. $65 million guitar c Special Effects: Video Transfer: $2,824 Music: $5 million TOTAL BUDGET = $7,225 TOTAL BUDGET = $200 MILLION 13 16 17 BENDER RICHARDSON WHITE

ULTIMATE ADVENTURE ATLAS OF EARTH 160-PAGE ATLAS FOR NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC PARTNERS

ANIMALS cool ANIMAlS 0 0600 MILES 600 MILES to SEE hErE 0 600 KILOMETERS0 600 KILOMETERS

TROPIC OF CANCERTROPIC OF CANCER 5

Northern MarianaNorthern Mariana Hawai‘i Hawai‘i MAP KEY AWESOME Islands Islands r t h r tP h P (U.S.) (U.S.)

(U.S.) (U.S.)N o N o a c i af c i f

i i M M c O c O Koala GIANT I C I C c e c e R R a n a n CRAB Guam Guam O O MARSHALL MARSHALL Red Kangaroo (U.S.) (U.S.) A A 1 Solomon Islands N N ISLANDS ISLANDS ANIMALS PALAU PALAU Inland Taipan E E Coconut crabs are the biggest shelled, S S Long-beaked Echidna jointed-legged animals on land. They can I I FEDERATED STATESFEDERATED STATES grow up to 3 feet (91 cm) across and Extreme and OF MICRONESIAOF MICRONESIA I I Tasmanian Devil weigh 9 pounds (4.1 kg). The crab’s A A EQUATOR EQUATOR M M A A favorite food is coconut. It breaks open S S E E S S L L NAURU NAURU the tough husks with its massive claws. EXOTIC I I KIRIBATIKIRIBATI A PAPUA NEWA GUINEAPAPUA NEW GUINEAA A N N TUVALU TUVALUTokelau Tokelau

(N.Z.) (N.Z.) E E Arafura Sea Arafura Sea E E AMERICA NORTH Timor Timor C C SOLOMON SOLOMON Wallis and Wallis andAmerican American o o Samoa Samoa Sea Sea r a r a ISLANDS ISLANDS Futuna Is. SAMOAFutuna Is. SAMOA Cook Cook l l S S (U.S.) (U.S.)Islands Islands Coral Sea Coral Sea (France) (France) (N.Z.) (N.Z.) Islands Islands N N ustralia and Oceania are packed with unusual Territory Territory VANUATU I VANUATU I

(Australia) (Australia) TONGA TONGA animals. Red kangaroos—the world’s largest IndianIndian S NewS New FIJI FIJI e Caledoniae Caledonia A A Niue Niue n Frenchn PolynesiaFrench Polynesia a (France)a (France) a a marsupials (pouched mammals)—use their (N.Z.) Y (N.Z.) Y (France) (France) e e RIVER RAPIDS c c powerful legs to hop through Australia’s TROPIC OF CAPRICORNTROPIC OF CAPRICORN O O Page

deserts and grasslands. The giant weta—the AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA c c i L i L 3 i f i f Aworld’s heaviest insect— inhabits New Zealand, as do a c a c In some places, the Colorado P P h h River is peaceful and calm. In flightless birds such as the rare kakapo and the shy kiwi. S o u tS o u t GIANT INSECT O O others it is rough and wild. Ride Beautiful birds of paradise can be found on tropical islands the riverLittle in an Barrier inflatable Island, raft 2and expectNew Zealandanything! Camp and on the Australian mainland. Poisonous snakes and OceanOcean P P along the way as you spend NEW NEW The enormous cricket-like weta spiders are widespread. TasmanTasman 3 to 14 days on the river. ZEALAND ZEALAND qualifies as the world’s heaviest PATCHWORK Sea Sea insect. When fully grown, the Lake Powell PLATYPUS giant weta can weigh up to 1.2 5 Australia Lake Powell pounds (0.5 kg). That’s heavier E than a mouse or sparrow. ch The egg-laying ADVENTURE NARROW E o

c C n

platypus looks like it h n lif o VENOMOUS Paria o

CANYON PATH o fs

y

C y OCEANIA

n

n l n

was patched ATTRACTIONS Bright Angel Trail Plateau in f o

SPIDER Paria o AUSTRALIA & a

a fs y y

C C

2 n

together from other 4 Australia Plateau n e e

a a

l l

C C

b animals. It has a bill b

r cool places to see here Saddle up a mule and let it transport r e

The Sydney funnel- e l l a

and webbed feet like a b

you down Bright Angel Trail. Catch b

M M r

SALTY DESERT POOLS web spider is the most r a

a duck, a body like an some breath-taking views ofFUZZY, the FLIGHTLESS BIRD a

M The Simpson Desert is Australia’s M otter, and a tail like a This 3D map of southwesternthe Grand Canyon U.S.dangerous highlightsAlong the canyon thespider arein New Zealand harshest and hottest desert. Seasonalmassive, twisting, river-cutnarrow gorges, channelthe waterfalls world.through Large andthe fangs Colorado River. Stop3 to sleep under the beaver. Males have rapids, steep rock faces, and stars, and head back up at sunrise. salt lakes teem with fish5 and are a and highly toxic u caves. Adventurers have their poisonous stingers Thea kiwi is covered with fuzzy feathers that look breeding ground for large numbers choicevenom of rock give climbing, it a deadly u K on their back legs. e a a liken fur. This chicken-size bird has short legs, a GHOSTLY of waterbirds. extremebite. Thehiking, spider’s horseback main K t a Little e a b Co n round body, a long beak, and no tail. Despite its l riding, or white-water rafting. a C or SPECTRE food is insects but it t a CLIMATES Littl ad ON LOCATION r e o lb K a C G awkwarde shape, the kiwi can easily outruni a person. o o b a lo r Scotland C g sometimes eats frogs a e b P a u ra e 1 JELLYFISH LAKE l a t e d EXTREME CLIMATES HERE r o l P k K a G e i o b a rg This saltwater lake in Palau is and lizards. e C b P l a t e a u e DID YOU KNOW? NORTH P k a Tapeats Climb through the mist in the b n packed with golden jellyfish. The animal’s C y a o TapeatsAmphitheater Scottish highlands and you may sting is so mild that people can swim AMERICA b a n n

y b Hindu see the ghostly figure of the 5 m Canyon

United States n o Amphitheateru Canyon among them without getting hurt. a n h b T Hindu Brocken spectre. This optical

m Amphitheater

Bright Angel Bright

a Angel Bright Canyon t Canyon

The box jellyfish is the most n u a

s s a

Grand DIGITALh TRAVELER!a illusion is your shadow cast on

e e e T e

Amphitheater n

K Bright Angel Angel Bright Bright r

a r

t

a o

M

venemous marine animal Canyon M a n y

G G s s a

MEGAPODE FIELDS Thea shingleback lizard has a tail that the clouds and mists, surrounded

e e e

e n

K r GRAND r

known. Its powerful sting stuns o M

CM a n y m G

On the beach at night in the Solomon resemblesG its head to confuse potential R i by a rainbow of light. or kills prey instantly. Each Islands, female megapodes (flightless C predators. If that doesn’t work, the lizard S o u t h i m 70°N 70°N tentacle can reach 10 feet (3 m) H a u R birds) dig about 3 feet (91 cm) into the sticksa outv its bright blue tongue. Searcht e S o u t h a EXTREMEa 50°E 50°E 60°E 60°E in length and is covered with H su P l a u sand to bury their eggs. The volcanic soil COLOREd av the Internet Ca for photos of thist ecool lizard. about 5,000 stinging cells. CANYON as n l a n y is warmed from below, providing an ideal WATERFALL Thenu find out owhereP it lives. 20°W 20°W o C n p d a 30°E 30°E y o Havasu Falls a n n y n y y 20°E 20°E temperature for the eggs to incubate. e on o n a p d e e

w y i 1 l l o a C ASIAASIA l l o n Barents SeaBarents Sea y y

e n n l n Six million years a n a Y Y r a 10°W 10°W 70°N 70°N

e e a 112 o 113

w V i l V o 40°E 40°E l WEATHER C y o l n l n o

Brace yourself for the cold and T n n l

a n o a n 10°E 10°E r ICELAND ICELAND A A i c a o C

V a

V o t

IN THE MAKING y o colorful splash of the Havasu n n a C a

T o t 0° 0°

o n a i c N r k C a A A a t c RC RC

Falls. Calcium-carbonate and C a t C TIC TIC W W SHIVERING

D C C D a C a I I EUROPE n w o t RCL RCL N N STEEP a ny E E a o N r o

magnesium in the water create k ac n COLD

N a t N y h Scorching heat to C Ca HUMONGOUS HAIL ore than 275 miles (443 km) n nw o CLIFFS ny NorwegianNorwegian Sea Sea the blue-green color. Camp a

o a A o R E R E A Russia a M n Germany 60°N 60°N y h 2

C South Rim

n o N N

L L

t overnight near the falls and t long, up to 18 miles (29 km) A A

a I I

c c 5 5 RUSSIARUSSIA M D D

C

e e

SNOW N N hike from one refreshing pool D D Experience bitter cold in the Ural

n n RI RI O O t t deep Catastrophic hailstorms are

wide, and in places 1 mile p E E I I c c Be careful as you descend r s M M

to the next. e e Mountains. Near the village of o not uncommon in Munich. 60°N 60°N E E F F p r a a (1.6 km) deep, this steep- M M the steep, red-wall faces E E u r s P RI RI N N Ust-Shchuger, on December 31, o In 1984, hail the size of -SHAPEd P P a sided canyon cuts through r of Hermit Trail.lthough The path most of Europe enjoys a mild u e e 1978, the temperature dropped to e P is narrow, and the drop is baseballs damaged about a t climate, extreme weather is notPYRAMI hard tod W W –72.6ºF (–58.1°C)—the lowest e a 70,000 homes in the city, c c thousands of feet. With t l G find. Many places—from sparklingMOUNTAIN ice along with 190 aircraft. The 17 a a ever recorded in Europe. a little shade, summer e ESTONIA e ESTONIA P S S O O l G North Rim S S Mthe Arizona landscape in the United States. temperatures can soar damage was estimated at caves to snow-capped mountaintops— P s c c 4 S i LA i LA Over millions of years, the Colorado River t above 100°F (38°C). more than $2 billion. North North t Tt V TV i l l I I a s A A S have snow, ice, or permafrost year UNITED UNITEDSea Sea a a t c IRELANDc IRELAND B B w Rock climbers call Zoroaster Temple DENMARK DENMARK eroded the underlying rock and continues to i a n KINGDOMKINGDOM Kali LITHUANIAKali LITHUANIA v Around. In northern Europe, long, harsh winters bring nin nin g g i i (R ra (R ra w i one of the world’s best climbs. A us d us d n si si run through the canyon. Weather conditions u a) a) v h frequent snowstorms. Short northern summersround-trip climb of Zoroaster 50°N 50°N DIGITAL TRAVELER! i t t are always changing depending on the u S NETHER- NETHER- p n In 2014 isolated areas of Moldova, Albania, o h requires almost 30 milesMAP (48 km)KEY of 50°N 50°N BELARUSBELARUS y feature abundant sunshine. The summer sun hovers LANDS LANDS n n season, location, and depth of the n n S and Romania were buried under 15 feet p o a hiking and a vertical elevation gain KAZAKHSTANKAZAKHSTAN y Climatic Zones: POLANDPOLAND C just above the horizon during the night. Across BELGIUM BELGIUMGERMANYGERMANY canyon. There are droughts, n e and loss of 20,000 feet (6,096 m). a a (4.6 m) of snow. Search the Internet to see a s Based on C i r P southern Europe, summertime can bring Trail-runners race in the foothills. photos of the shivery, shovel-worthy snowfall. p Köppen System l l flash floods, thunderstorms, e r is u UKRAINEUKRAINE r P sizzling temperatures, setting off forest fires. LUXEMBOURGLUXEMBOURG CZECH REP.CZECH REP. and even snowfalls p S l Dry t t r C C u OVAKIA OVAKIA a Semiarid SL SL M M S l O O a a and frost. A A Bay of Bay ofFRANCEFRANCE L L s s t Arid D D p p a SWITZ. SWITZ.AUSTRIA AUSTRIA O O

Biscay Biscay HUNGARY HUNGARY V V i i A

e A a a

t a Mild LIECH. LIECH. n n e u SLOV. SLOV. ROMANIAROMANIA S S ATIA ATIA e e a ADVENTURE Marine west coast SAN SANRO SRO S a a C C u E E MARINO MARINO IA IA Mediterranean 40°N 40°NL L BOSN. & BOSN.R & R G G N N A A B B 40°E 40°ER R A 40°N A 40°N G G HERZG. HERZG. O OIJ IJ Humid subtropical ANDORRA ANDORRAMONACO MONACO I I GE GEA A ATTRACTIONS U U A A BlackBlack Sea Sea B B ER E50°ER 50°E T T AZ AZ ITALY ITALY O BULGARIAO BULGARIA Continental R R R O R O O SPAINO SPAIN EG V EG V N O N O T T Warm summer P P VATICAN VATICANTE OS TE OS ON ONMACED. MACED. U U CITY MCITY KM K 0 0 400 MILES 400 MILES Cool summer 10°W 10°W ALBANIA ALBANIA R R ICE CAVE K K 0 0400 KILOMETERS400 KILOMETERS Subarctic E E M M Y Y The Eisriesenwelt in Austria is the e d e d GREECEGREECE Polar 0° 0° i t 10° i t 10° ASIAASIA largest ice cave in the world. Glittering e r e r Tundra r a r a ice formations fill the 26-mile (42-km) AFRICAAFRICA n n e a e a 20°E 20°E long labyrinth. High Elevations n n Highlands MALTA MALTAS e a S e a 30°E 30°E POLAR NIGHT DIGITAL TRAVELER! HORRENDOUS HEAT STRANGE BUT TRUE In northern Finland and Russia, winter Greece Feel the thrill of the canyon by finding online darkness can last for weeks, with the 3 videos of high-flying helicopter rides over the pale sun lingering just below the TORNADO TORRENT canyon, climbs down vertical rock walls, or white- United Kingdom Summertime in Greece is always hot. horizon throughout the day. 4 In 1977 a heat wave baked the city of In the summer of 1816, days were so water rafting on the mighty Colorado River. brw Each year the United Kingdom is hit by Athens and the nearby town of overcast that many farmers in Europe WIND CHANNEL more than 50 tornadoes. Rarely are Elefsina, bringing temperatures to a lost their crops. The gloomy “Year Trees in Provence, France, are forever they severe but they give the country broiling 118.4°F (48.0°C). Sweaty without a Summer” was later traced to bent from the fierce wind known as Le the highest rate of twisters for its residents cooled off in swimming an 1815 volcanic eruption. Thick dust 16 Mistral. The howling gusts can reach land area of any country in the world. pools and at the beach. from the eruption had blocked sunlight. speeds of 62 miles (100 km) per hour. 50 51 BENDER RICHARDSON WHITE

ULTIMATE GLOBETROTTING WORLD ATLAS 160-PAGE ATLAS FOR NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC PARTNERS

ID cARD coUnTRy FAcTs

FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA Population: 107,000 Capital: Palikir obetrotter MICRONESIA KIRIBATI Gl Population: 106,000 Attractions sE Capital: Tarawa sunnyIsland PARADI MARSHALL ISLANDS nGARDMAU WATERFALLs Population: 56,000 In the Ngardmau district of Palau, hikers reach the Capital: Majuro tallest and biggest waterfall —the Tiki Falls—by WALK A PATH OF walking a path of old railroad tracks through the jungle. STONE MONEY NAURU 3 Yap Population: 11,000 ALELE MUsEUM AnD LIbRARy Capital: Yaren Here in the Marshall Islands, a collection of stick charts Imagine using a stone the shows off traditional technology. Made from coconut size of a car to buy food or a PALAU leaves, these 3D charts helped islanders memorize wave canoe trip. Long ago, stones Population: 21,000 patterns so they could canoe the ocean safely. with holes in the middle Capital: Melekeok

served as money. People did KIRIbATI bATTLE sITEs A not move the largest stones. World War II tanks, ships, and planes are visible on the They just claimed ownership. icronesia is a vast island region in the REPORT ON A reef at low tide. northern Pacific Ocean, and boats are 4 CANOE RACE

South Tarawa Lagoon

eric AM north the best way to get around. The larger 150° 150° otter countries include Palau, Nauru, the 160° 160° Find out why people say that Kiribati SINGEXPLORE WITH COWBOYS ANCIENT obetr Farallon de FarallonPajaros de Pajaros Guadalajara Gl Federated States of Micronesia, the 20° 20° 20° 20° canoes are the fastest canoes in the 1 RUINS Asuncion Asuncion Pacific Ocean. Watch the wind fill their 5 Pohnpei Attractions MarshallM Islands, and Kiribati. “Micro” means small, and Agrihan AgrihanNORTHERNNORTHERN Pagan MARIANAPagan MARIANA sails as they speed through the water. Stop in a restaurant many Micronesian islands are tiny coral atolls. Wake Alamagan AlamaganISLANDS ISLANDS andRide listen a touring to mariachis kayak to the on Sarigan SariganU.S. U.S. : cool things cAnY 140° 140° l MAMMAl singingisland oftheir Nan favorite Madol, an Island (U.S.), for instance, has fewer than 200 people Anatahan Anatahan nAtionA 170° 170° 180° 180° coPPer Saipan Saipan0 jaguar2000 400200 MILES 400 MILES tunes.ancient They city dress now inlike ruins. This group of canyons is larger than the Grand on an atoll with a coastline of just 12 mi (19 km). Tinian Tinian Taongi AtollTaongito Atoll do here 0 200 0400 KILOMETERS200 400 KILOMETERS charrosWalk among (cowboys) the remains but of l bird: Rota Rota 5 Canyon in the U.S.A., and parts of it are deeper. nAtionA thewith home fancier and clothes. tombs of the crested caracaraGUAM GUAM You can hike, drive, or ride a horse through the U.S. U.S. l Flower: Bikini Bikini island’s kings. scenery. Or you can ride a train. The Copper M nAtionM A Enewetak AtollEnewetak AtollAtoll RongelapAtoll Rongelap I CI C Atoll UtirikAtoll AtollMexicaliUtirikMARSHALL Atoll MARSHALL Canyon Railroad travels though cliff walls and dahlia 160° 160° R MexicaliR S R R a a lithi Atoll lithi Atoll R R Ailuk Atoll AilukISLANDS Atoll ISLANDS S TAT E 10° 10° U U a t a t San Luis U N I T EADT E S 10° 10° over 36 bridges. a a T Namonuito NamonuitoO O l Tijuanal I T E D S 110° 170° 170° cooL ThInGs Fais Fais Ujelang Ujelang i k i San kLuis U N R Yap Islands Yap Islands Gaferut Gaferut Tijuanak Wotjek Atoll WotjeR íAtollo Colorado Ciudad i Atoll Atoll 110° R o Woleai Woleai N N Kwajalein Kwajalein C Río ColoradoC Ciudad i R G Atoll Atoll C MaloelapC AtollMaloelap Atoll Nogales Juárez o i r n itZÁ Hall Is. OrolukHall Is. Oroluk h h h h R G d o a Ngulu NguluAtoll Atoll Atoll Atoll 3 096 Picacho del Nogales S AguaJuárez i r e B n 30° Melekeok Melekeok Ifalik Ato Ifalik Ato a a , a a d o a l r d chichÉ ll ll Pulap ChuukPulap ChuukAtoll Atoll PicachoMajuro del MajuroG S Agua Prieta N a To Do hERE Atoll Atoll Satawal Satawal Senyavin Is.SenyavinE Is. E 3,096i i i Diabloi Nogales el B n v e 30° Koror Koror 140° 140° AilinglapalapAilinglapalap Atoll Atolln n r d o 5 n Diablo Gn Nogales Prieta N a r o ll Atoll l(Trukl Atoll Is.) (Truk Is.) B Cananea I e This was one of the most important Mayan to to Pohnpei Pohnpei o v te cool things to do here Palikir Palikir Arno Atoll Arno Atoll o 160° 160° Malakal I. Malakal I. uwat A uwat A B o Cananea I r Ciudad Eauripik AtollEauripik AtollPul PulPulusuk Pulusuk (Ponape) (Ponape) Jaluit Atoll Jaluit Atoll Nuevo Casas te CHEER FOR Mortlock Mortlock o E Ciudad cities, built from A.D. 900 to 1200. The ruins of PALAU PALAUCAROLINECAROLINE ISLANDS ISLANDS S NamorikS Namorik MiliA Atoll Mili Atoll Nuevo Casas Grandes Palmyra AtollPalmyra Atoll Acuña 100° 150° 150° Is. NgatikIs. Ngatik Kosrae Kosrae KiliA I. Kili I. l PACIFICE PACIFICGrandes U.S. AcuñaU.S. 100° Sonsorol Is.Sonsorol Is. Atoll Atoll l MUSHERS J R (Washington5 I.)(Washington I.) walls, pyramids, and ball courts can be seen (Kusaie) (Kusaie) Teraina Teraina Pulo Anna Pulo Anna Atoll Atoll f L L 1 Ebon AtollJ Ebon30° Atoll R Yellowknife I I f I IPiedras Negras today. Merir Merir 30° A o R Tabuaeran Tabuaeran READ CARVED Nukuoro AtollNukuoro Atoll PiedrasN NegrasN Tobi Tobi A Butaritario Butaritari OCEANR OCEAN (Fanning I.) (Fanning I.)

Hermosillo IA Helen I. Helen I. Chihuahua Kiribati KiribatiS RIDE THE ROCKIES FEDERATEDFEDERATED STATES STATES OF MICRONESIA OF MICRONESIA Punta Hermosillo A E E Nuevo n STORY BOARDS Chihuahua S Drivers, called mushers, guide sleds that AtionA A AbaiangPuntaA MarakeiAbaiangPrieta Marakei d A Kamloops l bird: MEXICO C NuevoI Canada goose Laredo2 the Arch 1 Koror Prieta (Bairiki)d (Bairiki) South TarawaSouth Lagoon TarawaC Tarawa Lagoon Tarawa I I I Kiritimati Kiritimati are powered by 12 dogs each. Visit the 130° 130° uins e Howland IslandHowland Island LaredoE Delicias r A S E (ChristmasS I.)(Christmas I.) At the tip of the Baja Peninsula, the Pacific 150° 150° GILBERT GILBERTAbemama e Abemama U.S. U.S. M Delicias 140° 140° EQUATOR EQUATOR A Baker IslandBaker Island Kiribati R KiribatiTake a 4-day railroad Yellowknife Dog Derby, which happens nA nAtionAl MAMMAl: 0° 0° GuaymasM L L 0° 0° 60° tionAl tree: ISLANDS ISLANDS L Hidalgo del R Ocean meets the Sea of Cortez. Here a beaver Ask woodcarvers to tell you 160° 160° Nonouti Nonouti GuaymasC Ciudad 70° 60° maple Mayan A Hidalgo del Jarvis IslandJarvisA Island A R journey from east to west 70° every March, and see who wins. L Ciudad 80° des NAURU NAURUBanaba Banaba C K K Obregón Parral U.S. U.S.MonclovaR A Yaren Yaren I A stunning natural rock80° formation serves as a their stories as they carve a a a I I Parral N N A

r Beru Beru Obregón MonclovaI I and view Reynosathe forests and N 90° NUNAAT) (KALAALLIT (Ocean I.) (Oceane I.)I e R CopperIR I T T

From Puntau u a NUNAAT) (KALAALLIT e e D B AB A A Reynosa window to theN blue90° waters of the ocean. PA F Copper D D TRALIA & oc EA n A it it l Canyon

pictures in wood. Story INSPECT GIANT Punta b b D Matamoros GREENLAND

Ta Eugenia TaF NavojoaKanton Kanton Rocky Mountains from a E 100° A Alert Canyon GREENLAND Eugenia Tamana Tamana l Enderbury I.Enderbury I. S S Matamoros 100° Alert Arorae O AroraeNavojoai R M E Denmark

3 348 C d boards tell ancient legends Denmark CLAMS McKean IslandMcKean Island , Gómez railroad observation car. AU s R Monterrey n O i El Fuerte M Saltillo C d f Birnie I. Birnie I.3 348 O a , Gómez l n El Fuerte Rawaki ERawaki Saltillo Monterrey O A 2 s a Malakal Island R Palacio A 110° f l about Palau. Los Malden IslandMalden Island 80° I to Mariachi NikumaroroNikumaroro E s o Palacio 110° R Orona ManraOrona Manra A C 80° e I 120° Axel Loretoo Los C r Torreón D I e Yuca N 120° Axele tan Mochis . C 170° 170° r ha Loreto r I Heiberg r nn e Y e Torreón m t uc l N Mochis D O T . atan C Learn how the Mariculture O Heibergs r ha r PHOENIX ISLANDSPHOENIX ISLANDS S n Starbuck IslandStarbuck Island m t n 180° 180° Guasave C R T Island e el O s C l I n O 3 540 s S , l I Island e Guasave C e C R l s E Demonstration Center I n C 3 540 Ciudad Victoria R r l

X , e Cancún I o E E

A i E Ciudad Victoria R C O 90° r C N exico is a large country just south of X A I o Cancún i M 160° 160° E 130° O X 90° Tizimín Isla hatches and grows giant A a 170° Culiacán170° C E A I C E N COUNT M 70° BEAUFORT 130° X M Tizimín Isla Cozumel a Culiacán C 70° Parry IslandsE F the United States. Its capital, Mexico Cabo Durango 140° BEAUFORT M O QUEENParry Islands ELIZABETH IS. ValladolidCozumel CANADA clams. The clams are I O M QUEEN ELIZABETH IS. Motul north AMeric BUTTERFLIES Cabo San Durango 140° SEACiudad F F A I O 'C UMelvilleO L IslandM Motul Valladolidzá Xcaret SEA Grise Fiord A San Lázaro D Ciudad L FGlu 'C Melville Island It Park Madero E valuable because people City, is one of the world’s largest Fresnillo R U r l Bathurst MéridaGrisezá Fiord Xcaretén 20° Cerro Altamirano Lázaro La Paz D C. Kellett G e u Jones Sound It ich Park 2 Fresnillo R Madero S r Bathurst n h 20° E e Island 200 MILESMérida é C E Zacatecas C. Kellett JonesBAFFINh Sound S La Paz DIGITAL TRAVELER!Mazatlán I Banks t S ic R Tampico r. Viscount 200 MILES Island Ch BAFFIN put them in aquariums, BAY NCE Island Banks t 100 250 S OF CA Mazatlán E Zacatecas r Resolute Devon I. cities in population. You can see signs TRORPIC N I AklavikTampico Island Melville Sd.. Viscount BAY E E 0100 IC OF CANC People happily swim in Jellyfish Lake in A Cape Parry Sachs Melville Sd.Resolute Devon I.250 OP Aklavik N use their shells, and serve TR N K s E A Ciudad CapeHarbour Parry0 Sachs 200 KILOMETERS Escuinapa te Old 100 Lancaster Sd. Y u c a t á n S s N N of Mexico’s long history in the ruins of Every year, more than a million T San Luista PotosCrowí K e CiudadOldTuktoyaktuk Amundsen Harbour 200 KILOMETERS Bylot I. Palau. Do some online research to find out t 0 A Escuinapa A S S N a Crow VallesTuktoyaktuk 100 LancasterY u c a Sd. t á n Bylot I. t Cabo San T San Luis PotosL í A t Amundsen he them for food. Tecuala d A Somerset A e R S 0 A Aguascalientes VallesInuvik l A t A T Gulf LC E and of Cabo San i d Somerset Monarch butterflies arrive here Lucas Tecuala n T e R Inuvik Gulf Island Arctic Bay P e n i n s u l a why the jellyfish in this lake do not sting.A AguascalientesU A iItC T C Prince of CampecheArctic Bay M T V i c t o r i a Island P e n i n s u l a E Lucas Tuxpan L n C I A Pond U a C V i c t o r i a PrinceCampeche of B 110° LeónIR c M Wales I. Pond to spend the winter. They come Tuxpan L C Ak C a PozaUlukhaktok RicaI s l a n d Inlet Clyde I Wales I. B cities left by Mayan and Aztec civilizations. Today 110° León L e R c L UlukhaktokI s l a n d Inlet 0 M Clyde B Dawson E n C k Poza Rica RiverChetumal70° z L e 0 Tepic DawsonL E n B 70° 250 i River Ciudad del B from as far away as eastern Fort I 230 e 231 Chetumal z s

Mt. Logan Querétaro a 250 Larsen now and Tepic B 500 MILES Islas Y Irapuato Good i Fort e Ciudad del f 0 Mt. Logan M Boothia a I

Mexico is a mix of its native Indian peoples and the u Larsen Carmen 500 MILES Y QuerétaroY Hope Good Sound f 250 Islas Marías 60° Irapuato k Pachuca Cambridge Bay f 0 R Canada. Each day at noon you can ( U u a M Boothia 500 KILOMETERS ice 5959 o Y Pen. Sound i 250 19550 60° k Norman HopeKugluktuk Cambridge Bay Carmen f n ( K c Home Bay R Marías Salamanca195505959 o PachucaU a Xalapa Gulf ofPen. n i 500 KILOMETERS Norman

O S k Cerro Altamirano Kugluktuk A n K c T Coronation Taloyoak Boothia Gulf of n Home Bay Spanish people who set up a colony there in the Salamanca Wells see swarms of them heading to Mt. Fairweather N e Xalapa Puerto Vallarta ft) e O S k e Pico de Orizaba Igloolik

Cerro Altamirano Great Bear Coronation A

GULF OF Wells otih Istmo de Taloyoak Boothia I GuadalajaraMt. FairweatherCarmacks n N T e uacan Gulf C Puerto Vallarta ft) l ee PicoGreat de Bear Orizaba VeracruzIstmo de Igloolik GULF OF w Carmacks o s I z l tihn Lake 5 747 GulfGjoa Haven

the river to quench their thirst. GuadalajaraALASKA uacan Veracruz, Tehuantepec 2591 C i w z Queen s H y Bathurst Gjoa Haven 1500s. The beaches on the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf ALASKA a 5 747 Lake Hall Beach l Cumberland2591 in e , Tehuantepec BELIZE Skagway i Maud Gulf Queen H y Bathurst 20° es a MEXICOn CITYDélįne Melville Hall Beacha l Cumberland C SkagwayJ in N e MaudCoatzacoalcos Gulf Villahermosa BELIZE Peninsula DAVIS n Délįne Inlet 140° Uruapan e 4663 MEXICOu CITYs M Echo Pen. Melville T a 20° C Netzahualcóyotl P FOR O n n Peninsula DAVIS Whitehorse M J N Inlet Villahermosa anada is the second-largest country in area in 140° c R Coatzacoalcos of Mexico are popular vacation destinations. CLa Uruapan 4663 t u M Bay Echo N U Pen. T STRAIT n O n i t T NetzahualcóyotlM O Apatzingáno Whitehorse U

P n c H R N V d C t t Bay MinatitlánN A U u STRAIT P s Foxe i t T m

ColimaJuneau O o W Lupin U P V b C . d Apatzingán s n H Pangnirtung Hoonah Wrigleyt N A e u Juneau s E LupinAR Foxe rla m

. Minatitlán P C S W CT Basin n b . d CLIFF DIVERS A Colima Hoonah s IC San Cristóbal Pangnirtung e the world, after Russia. At 5,525 miles (8,892 km) Alexander A TWrigley E CIRC AR Sou rla Archipelago C . Iguala LE C Basin n n a S T d

A T IC d

A A C ArchipelagoAlexander E T CIRSanCLE CristóbalRepulse A Soun a s d Acapulco A Manzanillo SimpsonIgualaFort RR TE de Las CasasRepulse 90° A C S 3 s rd I Watson Lakes Simpson IT R Bay Manzanillo Fort O R Back de Las Casas 90° Iqaluit T from west to east, it stretches nearly a quarter

A S Foxe Pen. i Tuxtla c F s Watson Lake R IT Bay y I C Yellowknife IE O Back Hall Pen. a T a Beh Baker Foxe Pen. Iqaluit id cts i ch S R T ok Tuxtla Cape Dorset B y F I C Yellowknife IE r Hall Pen. La Sitka r a S Liard Behch S GutiérrezBaker Southampton e C T i Chilpancingo ok Lake Cape Dorset ish r B L

UntrY FA I Sitka S r e Liard Gutiérrez Lake Island Southampton Kimmirut Frob she of the way around the globe. This huge M r i

Oaxaca Tonalá A

co I i Chilpancingor Island H b C Ketchikan R e Hay Rivera Great GUATEMALAu Meta Kimmirut Fro

M Hold your breath as d A

I O rFort Juchitán Tonalá s H R Oaxaca o Resolution I. Ketchikan t Nelsonr MSlaveHay Lake River Great GUATEMALA n u Meta M Ixtapa a Fort a d Reliance Chesterfield Inlet St. Incognitads N s o Resolution I. O P C B t Nelson r e Juchitán r n country contains some of the world’s most

F M Slave Lake u Pen. M d S Chesterfield Inlet r . e l S Dixon Entrance R O a Reliance t. Incognita N you watch these in P EIxtapa B s Acapulcdo Rankin Inlet C F I r Pen. r . e r 60° ce Dixon iEntrancen TI R O Fort Smith d e l S u Rankin Inlet Ivujivik T O A S AcapuIlco 60° c E

R ce H TI Fort Smith Whale Cove Coats I. Ivujivik Akpatok I. T spectacular and wildest scenery. In the far north O Haida N C S Ometepec I u C Coats I. Size: 758,449 sq mi (1,964,375 sq km) trained divers plunge Ap R H Thelon Whale Cove Akpatok I. I

Haida C Fitzgerald

I u C Gwaii e N Ometepec Thelon Padlei Kangiqsujuaq r U p Mansel I. I

(Queen t Gwaii e Fort Fitzgerald Ennadai Padlei Kangiqsujuaq Mont D'Iberville C U K Mansel I. C r Population: 117,574,000 136 ft (41 m) into the Charlotte (Queen t Saint Fort 100° Ennadai Tapachula Ungava (Mount Caubvick)Mont D'Iberville C are giant frozen islands of the Arctic Ocean. Kitimat K C Saint Bay Ungava CharlotteN Terrace John 100° Tapachula Smith I. N Islands) Kitimat Peace UraniumPuerto City Ángel Arviat Bay LABRADOR(MountSEA Caubvick) N Smith I. Y Terrace John Lake 1652 Capital: Mexico City Pacific Ocean. They Islands) Peace Uranium City ArviatH U D S O N LABRADORSEA

Y APuertoAthabasca Ángel Lake aT DOWN a 1652 O T H U D S O N A Athabasca FLO Nain O To the south are the Great Lakes, the largest Official language: Spanish must watch the M T wson Creek B A Y Kuujjuaq Nain C O a Charlotte Sd. D M B A Y N A C Peace wson Creek A KuujjuaqE Hopedale C QueenO Charlotte Sd. Da Inukjuak N Cape Harrison OL A C River Peace Wollaston N Churchill UNDERGROUNDInukjuak RIVERA W E Hopedale Currency: Mexican peso waves and dive when CLIMB aQueen U O O Grande Prairie Wollaston N Churchill FO W Cape HarrisonE group of freshwater lakes in the world. I M L RiverFort U Cartwright O F E C B U Grande Prairie Lake A D ND O MID I I M McMurray Fort Reindeer Xcaret L U Cartwright 50° C A B A Lake A D A ND A U 5 N Mary's Highest point: Volcan Pico de the water is deepest. N I McMurray Lake Reindeer L PYR50°a A L A D A A A U N Mary's N B L Lake N HarbourD E 130° EdmontonE B D A R n Schefferville L N HarbourN S Sanikiluaq E Edmonton A D Orizaba, 18,406 ft (5,610 m) Teotihuacan N E o 130° r C Mt. Robson T ls Cape Bauld 4 R e Belcher Is. Schefferville B L N e A La Ronge N n Smallwood S o Sanikiluaq LABRADOR R A r N C Mt. Robson T so Fort Cape Bauld s Thompson l B l 3954 e A 50° V e N A La Ronge N Belcher Is. Smallwood o a u . Fort Res. LABRADOR R A D a s S Thompson SevernPut on a life jacket and snorkel through 50° Life expectancy: 76.9 years W r l 3954 a N A V m O T Kuujjuarapik n a h u s S . Gillam Res. D A Vancouver I. i Ka F k A S Severn R c s a W r S a Réservoir Happy Valley- O m K T a o tl mn h b A s S Gillam Kuujjuarapik Vancouvere I. i K F Red tc TCk AS M A Goose Bay R u r lco s ai Ha K N Réservoir Happy Valley- t b E otter h I o le a m Deer Red t W AT T O BM cool caves in this ecologicalCaniapiscau theme park. N v p A e Prince c AN C AA Goose Bay obetr r l i H o N Gl us w h E I Gander e Banff a W T M o Deer Flin Flon O B Caniapiscau St. Take lotsVictoriaN of photos ofv this ancientp A a e Princetche AN A r e s Banff Albert w aska wan Gander M n S Flin Flon St. Victoria t N.P. North John's id r Battleford a Albert katchewa s s n I a c n S Norway t N.P. North John's A . Battleford James Labrador CityRéservoir rd s Corner city built between the first andI The Norway Kelowna Calgary. Melfort House Bay ChisasibiJames ManicouaganLabrador City19Réservoir Brook Corner Attractions N Kelowna CalgarySaskatoon PasMelfortLake The House Bay Chisasibi C Manicouagan Island of Brook Avalon coU N ntrY FA seventh centuries. Teotihuacan Saskatoon WinnipegPas Lake Attawapiskat Akimiski I. E Mingan C IslandPen. of Avalon 120° S atchew WinnipegosisLake B E Mingan Newfoundland Pen. cts . k an Attawapiskat h S Medicine s S tch Lake Winnipeg Akimiskiis I. Île d'Anticosti Newfoundland L120° S a ka ewan Winnipegosis an E h B S . g s was a holy city with pyramidsethb all L Medicine S as Yorkton Fort Albany ska U ani Sept-ÎlesE Île d'Anticosti ST.-PIERRE ridge eth Regina Yorkton a Q kag U . Gulf of Hat bri Fort AlbanyW as Q R Sept-Îles Gulf of & MIQUELON ST.-PIERRE dge Regina Dauphin Baie-Comea e . W u N along the Avenue of the Dead. t Hat Ogoki Baice- St. RLawrenceÎles de la Madeleine ISLANDS & MIQUELON Size: 3,855,102 sq mi (9,984,670 sq km) ren Lake Dauphin n CGaspéomea e Cur aw t MoosoneeOgoki u ISLANDS N niA Swift J n Manitoba e c GaspéQuebecSt. LawrenceÎles de la Madeleine A oose Curre aw Lake Moosonee r n gAr wift J e France A A FA Sl 110° M S e Manitoba Chibougamau w Quebec Ip, S os Gaspé Pen. r Cape E Population: 35,250,000 o eg a lls l 110° M nnip w France About 3,160 tons (2,867 mt) of water IDE, anD Brandon i O Chibougamau L Gaspé Pen. Cape I Sag E W O iNpegT A R uena . a Breton I. Brandon inn y t Charlottetown C 3 Banff National Park W O A R I O Saguen L Breton I. U N T PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND S a . SKI Bathursty Charlottetown C Kenora Lake Nipigon Kapuskasing NEW t PRINCE EDWARDO ISLAND Capital: Ottawa N U Lake Nipigon Kapuskasing S Bathurst flow over Niagara Falls every second. I T N Kenora NEW O E I T Thunder Rouyn-Noranda Québec C Official languages: English and French During the SnowDays Festival, try free skiing D E Bay ThunderTimmins Val-d'OrRouyn-Noranda BRUNSWICKQuébec Sable I. I C The falls have the capacity to produce S TD Bay Timmins Val-d'Or BRUNSWICK Nova T Sable I. I 100° A TS T Saint John Scotia N Nova T Currency: Canadian dollar and snowboarding or enjoy a sleigh ride. In E SA L. Super HalifaxSaint John Scotia electricity for 1 million homes in 100° T E ior L. Supe Fredericton HalifaxA N S Sault Ste.rior Fredericton 60° L A Highest point: Mount Logan, 19,551 ft (5,959 m) summer, go hiking and horseback riding. Marie GreaterSault Ste. Sudbury Montréal NOVA SCOTIA T 60° L Canada and the United States. 90° MarieNorth BayGreater Sudbury MontréalYarmouth NOVA SCOTIAA T 90° North Bay Cape Sable Yarmouth A Life expectancy: 81.6 years eler! Lake Georgian Bay 70° Cape Sable H L Georgian Bay 70° trAV u Lakea Ottawa l H L Gulf of Maine A Michigan k r u a Ottawa digit Michigano e Gulf of Maine n r k cn o e to n Wer Chihuahua dogs came from Chihuahua, Mexico. Search TORONTOL. Ontario TORONTOL. Ontario Toronto’s 1,815-ft (553-m)-high online for photos of these dogs. Look for a variety of sizes, Hamilton HamiltonNiagara Falls MEET a L. Erie Niagara Falls telecommunications and colors, and other features. Which do you think is cutest? EXpl L. Erie 5 MOUnTIE viewing tower is the tallest ORE “nE Ottawa 4 Québec w FRanCE” 80° structure in North America. 80° 18 At the Musical Ride With its castle-like hotel, Chateau Frontenac, this W is the capital of French-speaking Canada. Be sure event, the Royal histler to explore the Ramparts, the only remains of a Canadian Mounted And blAckco protective city wall in North America. Police—The These stunning mountainsMb hosted the Mounties—show 2010 Winter Olympics. They are often 14 their horseriding snowcapped all year long. skills. Before the event, you can visit brw the stables. digit Al trAV In eastern Canada,eler road !signs use French and English. On your computer make a two-column chart of English and French travel words for your trip.

15 BENDER RICHARDSON WHITE

1000 FACTS 96-PAGE FACT BOOKS FOR NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC PARTNERS

1 2 3 13 14 15 There are about Scientists suspect that up About 85,000 of all known insects are The AmAZoN rAiN AS YOu READ ThIS, ABOuT to 30 millioN insect true bugs. forest is home to They include stiNk 4,000 cockroAch 1,000,000 species have yet to be more than 100,000 animal There are at least 1,800 eaRWiG known insect species bugs, giANt , species. At least species. Despite popular belief, not SPECIES ARE scuttliNg in the world. wAter bugs, 1000 discovered. and bedbugs. 90 PerceNt of these one of these species lays eggs in ACROSS ThE GLOBE. species are insects. human eaRs. FACTS ABOUT 4 5 ThERE ARE 825 kNOWN With at least 90,000 16 17 18 tick SPECIES. SOME TICkS CAN iNsect sPecies, brAZil About 2,500 mayFly beetles ARE ThE The least diverse 45 SuRVIVE AS LONG AS 200 DAYS has more insect diversity than species have been MOST DIVERSE GROuP order of insects When food is scarce, without food or water. anywhere else in the world. identified. Many 42 bloated honeypot OF INSECTS. MORE ThAN is the vomit their stored INSECTS 39 An Ophiocordyceps of these insects will Thailand ants fungus in nectar. The vomit is die only a few hours 400,000 speCiesIf a predator approachesRo ofCK CRaWleinfectsRs. 36 the real nest not only eaten by workers hAVE BEEN Only 25 speCies in the colony. aFteR beCominG 33 Temnothorax albipennistravel Stenamma alas ants, the carpenter ants, but it little insects will plug takes over the ants’ adults. Ant species Lenomyrmex antsDISCOVERED can’t make while . on are known. newly the entryway with a minds—making them Nancy Honovich hoelldobleri was after it decisions zombies. 46 27 pebble. act like Foreword by Entomologist Bill Lamp discovered the move. They must When Temnothorax Some honeypot ants NUMBER21 was vomitedforceps- by a frog. plan their course gorge on nectar unifasciatus ants get The ant has for before setting off. they leave their 40 43 until their abdomens are 15 As leafcutter antsforest travel sick, die. like mandibles The fungus through a nests to grasping prey. The razor-sharp the size of grapes. Weaver ants create in trees Ophiocordyceps searching for leaves, 37 jaws of leafcutter ants the 8 don’t leafy nests forces Africa, FACTS ABOUT become dull with age. unilateralis they leave behind a As for decisions about a 1 Black garden ants located in This colonies Australia. 28 When this happens the ants to move to an area CRUNCHINGsocial leave their waste lying and scent trail. 34 new home, Ants are Asia, INSECTSchange jobs where the fungus can 25 They live helps the ants keep To protect their of these ants deciderock as old ants around. Instead, they path. Leafcutter antsa plantlikefeed on reproduce. insects.7 “toilet” 8 track of their workers19 of the — 20 a group which and carry leaves cut 6 together in groupsScientists estimatemove it to that there queen, All 5,000 dragonfly speciesa fungus have to move into. colonies. ABOuT16 120,000 SPECIES army ant Eciton burchelli organism— which they Aboutcrevice 400 insect by younger called are 90 million mitesareas in the in nest. every colony ants. OFWeaver diP antter larvaeAN s, will interlockcreate theirKni aF eliKe teeth. They belonggrow in ato species belong to the 44 acre (0.4 ha) of soil just in sticky 22 bodies to garden. ORsecrete “TRu Ea FLIES Adult,” ARE an order of insects called Odonata, order Embioptera, When an ant gets too 2 9 The ant Temnothorax shelter. 38 North Carolina, u.S.A. busubstance.ZZiNg AROuND EARTh. longispinosus close to its food, the in 47 An ant queen A trap-jaw ant can shut weaver ants use the which means “toothed one.” or Web spinnepredators,Rs . male ThESE INCLuDEglue FRuIT FLIES, can recognize its To fool its common wasp FACTS at 145 miles an grab Scientists estimate its jaws substance as — 35 the Stenamma alas produces eggs, hOuSE FLIES, AND CRANE FLIES.enemies These insects can spin 41 New Zealand will with that colonies of ants 9mate with the hour (233 km/h). That’s to seal nest leaves In Europe, a of ant will create many fly away female together. particularly those that silK in both adult in its and Gigantiops destructor the ant, it. Trachymyrmex WHITE HOUSE queen, and 2,300 times faster blinks.than supercolony doorways drop ABOUT mosQuitoes h—a species of in it, then septentrionalis ants provide food

a human eye 12 threaten the lives Argentine ants spans immaturecolony stagesthat lead to of life. COVERT SECURITY workersARE ALSO CONSIDERED DIPTERANS. of its colony members. 29 jumping ant move 1,764 pounds Americans share almost 3,730 miles (6,003 empty nests. and protect the colony. South America—can (800 kg) of soil their homes with ThEY MAkE uP ABOuT The shelters created km). The colony extends Eciton burchellii swim at a speed of each year. more than 500 species 10 by 21 through Italy, France, 22 3,500 sPecies 23 can consist of up to and sPiNeless ANimA6.3ls inches, together a second of arthropods at any 3 Turtle ant soldiers to block use cAterPillArs needle ThERE ARE 2,750 teRmite Spain, and Portugal. q In the(16 earlycm/s). years of the White House, o U.S. Secret Service agents use code names for presidents OF ThE GROuP. heads When an Asian 700,000 ants known as make up their three iNvertebrAtes, million inse C ts given time. These include flies, Yellow crazy ants can ARE NOT WORMS BuT finds a snack that’s speCies IN ThE WORLD. the president roamed freely in the 48 and first ladies, like “Rawhide” and “Rainbow” for entrances to their nest. ant can measure cockroaches, moths, and spiders. form supercolonies that feetTh (0.9EY EAT m) 24 houRs A 95.6 percent of the mansionanimal kingdom. and its grounds without a security Australian meat Ronald and Nancy Reagan, and “Trailblazer” for George W. Bush. many nests This helps defend the iNsects—ThEY too large to carry, it recognize their 11 across. 200 contain There are about intruders. 17 returns to its nest to DAY, 7 days A WEEk. Of these, 71.1 PerceteamNt areto protect insects. him or the home. ants and queens. nest from ARE ThE lArvfloodAl, in colony members— During a .S.A., grab a worker ant 10 10 million billion ants OR YOuNG, STAGE OF to help move the load. and enemies—using a In 2015, a four-year-old child South Carolina, u More than in the world. There are only 11 were seen 23 30 24 chemical signals climbed under a temporary barrier in front of 2,000 BuTTERFLIESfire ants, MOThS, MORE ThAN 155,000 SPECIES OF w President Abraham Lincoln established detected by their weaver ant Ants of the genus There are 5,500 species of booK the White House fence, causing the Secret species seven billion peopleAn Asian . linking their legs and FLEA AND SkIPPERS. SOME GROW 24 the U.S. Secret Service on April 14, 1865. Its antennae. to was recorded holding a Dorymyrmex have climbbutterflies , moths, AND liCe and baRK liCe. These insects Service shut down the mansion have been identified. mouthparts together to in first official day of service was July 5, 1865. 500-mg (about TO MORE ThANform FO a uraft.R INChES An ant queen can lay up been known to for a few moments. 300,000 eggs of seed- skiPPers ARE FLuTTERING aren’t actually lice. But like lice, they There are about are There Fortunately for Fido, only a few to on top everyfor human on ea R th . 4 0.02-ounce) weight.(10 the CM) LONG. a span of lick 49 of these species That’s 100 times harvester ants to and AROuND ThE WORLD. are very small and haRd to see. ATTACk DOGS. In 2001, a supercolony a few days. The world’s largest in yellow ant’s body weight. 18 their bodies e Originally part of the Treasury25 s The fence surrounding the of billions of was found ant farm, 12 Although a male black mouthparts clean. Department, the Secret Service13 wasWHITE created HOUSE White House is topped with crazy ants SWEET FACTS ABOUT Weaver ants Singapore, is the size of TREATS on Christmas Island. garden ant lives for the only h to crack down on counterfeit money. supersharp steel spikes to 12 working as a team a small bed mattress. a few weeks, 31 to make a nest. keep intruders out. Carpenter ants use to their chew queen can live up to 5 30 years. After acacia ants eat mouthparts from Central r President Franklin Pierce, who had a round-the-clock 50 i President Franklin D. Roosevelt once holes into wood. They nectar Ants can be found on q The White House’s executive pastry acaciachef oversees the bodyguard, never left the White House by himself—a tradition A Thaumatomyrmex ant received a 110-pound (50-kg) fruitcake, build their nests inside America’s d The Secret Service is making plans to build an exact replica every continent 25 they become that continues today. Facts About has pitchfork-like During complete with mountains and on Earth except these holes. 19 dessert menus for all social eventstrees, at the White House. of the White House for security training. .S. scientists Lemon ants, which live mandibles. trees made of sugar. Antarctica. A team of u forever unable to mazing Amazon rain nectar from A an attack, the ant can is creating a website in the will build digest that forest, t In 1902, after the assassination of retract its mandibles to 13 called Antweb w treesTraditionally, of the anypresident other tree and species. face guard. 6 of the nests only in President William McKinley, full-time form a o At Abraham Lincoln’s Worker ants will feature 3-D images first lady Duroia hand outcandy to local 15 f On official journeys, Secret estimate every known the species agents were assigned to Inaugural Ball in 1865, guests Scientists Carebara atoma species of childrenhirsute. who visit the White House32 Service close protection that ants have been130 are so tiny they can be ant species. on Halloween. for the guard the White House. feasted on pyramids of vehicles are fitted with the U.S. around for about difficult to see even In exchange pastries and macaroons. million years. microscope. 26 flag and presidential seals. under a 20 nectar, the acacia the treesants Because the ants thrive will defend Some ants of the other animals y Today, there are more than 3,000 on the Duroia hirsute all from —layers of sponge cake, ice cream, and 7 14 genus Pheidole inject kill that try to ANts agents working around a “Flowerpot sundaes” tree, they and weeds Secret Service produced by their larvae with a meringue, topped with a fresh flower—were served at first daughter Luci Waste One of the largest that turns other tree species by feed from them. the world, including 1,300 offering ants—as well as other known ant species is the hormone super 50 Baines Johnson’s White House engagement party. g Secret Service agents injecting them protection to the White House. insects—is called giant forest ant. them into giantto defende Over the holidays,deadly the State acid. Dining Room often must go through several frass. Adults can with a soldiers features a massive gingerbread or months of specialized the colony. s A fan of French cuisine, First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy reach lengths of chocolate model of the White House training, including first 1.2 inches served desserts like chocolate mousse and crème (30 mm). that can take nearly a year to plan and create. aid, criminal law, and u Agents also guard the vice brûlée to White House guests. psychology. president, their families, and r Past gingerbread houses have often been former presidents and first ladies. d When the president of Mexico visited the White House 14 wired with lighting to illuminate in 1984, the pastry chef crafted kiwi sorbet cactuses their tiny individual rooms. with sugar spines as a nod to the special guest. i A highly trained Secret Service agent A member of the U.S. Secret h In 1978, an agent rescued first chauffeurs the presidential Service with a police dog patrol daughter Amy Carter from the path President Thomas Jefferson had an in front of the White House. t limousine, which is able to launch of a charging circus elephant. ice house built on the White tear gas if under attack. House Grounds so that he could have f Sweet-toothed President ice cream all year long. 76 Ronald Reagan was known 77 to sneak desserts when his wife, Nancy, wasn’t around. y While Jefferson was the first president to have ice cream in the White House, Dolley Madison later made it famous at the house by regularly serving it at her dinner parties. g Allergic to chocolate, President Bill Clinton safely satisfied his sweet tooth with carrot cake.

u First Lady Madison plucked small, h First Lady Mamie Eisenhower’s sweet oysters from the Potomac famed “Million Dollar Fudge” recipe River to create her favorite ice fishing boat dessert created by a White is still popular some 60 years after she left brw House pastry chef the White House. cream flavor—oyster.

70 71 BENDER RICHARDSON WHITE

ULTIMATE SPACE ATLAS 160-PAGE ATLAS FOR NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC PARTNERS

an imaginary STARS A CRAB’S PULSING HEART THE CRAB NEBULA neutron star Crab Nebula 4 IN X-RAY outburst 3 Within the constellation Taurus lies A glowing globe of X-rays in the Crab Nebula, the remnant of a this image pinpoints the supernova witnessed in 1054. Inside pulsar at the heart of the THE that hides a pulsar, which is a Crab Nebula. The pulsar AFTER spinning neutron star emitting a hurls high-energy particles constant beam of radio waves that that slam into material sweeps toward Earth with each one-half light-year away. spin. Detected on Earth, the radio This makes the material BLAST signal pulses regularly. light up in X-rays. Meanwhile, particles δ caught up in the star’s extreme magnetism are AURIGA thrust outward, appearing Neutron stars GEMINI β Elnath M1 M45 as jets streaming from the (Crab Nebula) ARIES poles of the star. ε Pleiades HOLES ζ α δ Hyades and black Aldebaran θ γ λ massive star’s supernova is an intensely wild explosion that blasts outer shell COOL FACTS ORION TAURUS remnants into space. But what happens COMETSTO RECORD to material left behind? This central core 5 collapses in on itself so forcefully that an artist’s Aeverything gets squished together in the densest impression of COOL FACTSthe formation possible way. If the core’s mass is about the same as STELLAR MASS BLACK HOLE of a black hole DID YOU 2.5 suns, the core material becomes a neutron star,CIRCLING 5 TO RECORD 1 Marked by a glowing ring KNOW? packed into a sphere about 10 miles (16.1 km) across. When the core holds about three times the sun’s Once inside a black hole’s boundary, the gravitation is so great that nothing can exit, There are different mass, the matter compresses even more, creating a not even light. Yet around the absolute types of black holes. OUR GALAXY COMETS COSMIC COMET AND BEYOND SPACE TRAVEL black hole. To imagine just how dense the core darkness is a bright zone. Here, material 1 CONNECTIONS Those created during becomes in a black hole, imagine squeezing three rushing toward the hole—hydrogen gas from a supernovas—stellar ATTRACTIONS yellow star to the left in this illustration—rubs Did comets play a starring role in mass black holes—are suns into a ball as wide as New York City. against other material, heats up, and glows in the rise of life on Earth? Over eons, comet Lovejoy “Hairy the least massive and different forms of light,” including stars X-rays. visiting these water-rich bodies may have smallest known to DON’T WAIT UP crashed to a new Earth, contributing exist. Larger, In 1996 comet Hyakutake, discovered by an from outer up to one tenth of Earth’s current intermediate mass amateur astronomer, wowed skywatchers. It SPACE water. Comets also carry substances black holes and displayed an especially long, bright, colorful tail SPACE TRAVEL magine living in a place or distant time where the related to life. For example, recently supermassive black and big coma. Don’t wait for it to reappear: It’s visited comet 67P/Churyumov- RETURNING LIKE holes range from 1,000 not due back until the year 31,496. ATTRACTIONS physical solar system is not well understood. Your Gerasimenko contains sulphur, community is abuzz about a new, brightening star in the 4 CLOCKWORKVENUs to a whopping 27 CRATER alcohols, ammonia, and methane. billion times the mass DIGITAL TRAVELER! Astronomer Edmond Halley suspected that certain SOHO CLOSE TOcool THE SUN FAcTS 5 CHRONICLES Sure, sending a spacecraft to Venus is a big night sky. Light has appeared behind it, growing like long of our sun. SET YOUR WATCH BY IT PULLED “different” comets in history were regular visits of Watch comets swing through the inner solar deal, but for a real challenge, try making a hair. You admire it, maybe fear it. You wonder. Then: It system or evaporate completelyTo withRE the coSolar RD Venus’s crater pattern is Neutron stars spin with a clocklike regularity—fadesI from view.2 If thatAPART “hairy star,” or comet, appeared when the same one. He correctly predicted its 1758 5 paper model of the European Space and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). It was actually, more regular than clockwork! The fastest reappearance. “His” comet returned in 1834, 1910, noteworthy. It lacks small Agency’s Venus Express probe. Search the designed for sun-watching, but because it blocks one on record turns 716 times per second. someone was born,Far from or grew a black ill, hole or came to power, was the and 1986. Although it won’t return until 2061, bits of craters because small Internet for “Venus Express model comet an omen?everything This has happenedis normal. Closer many times across the its tail remain across Earth’s orbit and are visible as most of the sun’s bright glare, SOHO has turned meteorites that would create instruction pdf” to download the manual. AVOLCANIC out to be a great cometTHE hunter. INSIDE world and in history.in, its Itgravity took is many thought observations, to telescopes, the yearly Orionid and Eta Aquarid meteor showers. them burn up in Venus’s A “NEARBY” BLACK HOLE have weird, extreme effects. 1 STORY extra-thick atmosphere. It Unseen in the constellation Monoceros (theand an understanding of orbits to work out the comets’ true A few inches can make a big BREAK SPEEDIf you shrankRECORDS Venus to the size of a Ping- also has fewer large craters Unicorn) is one of Earth’s closest known blackphysical holes, nature. Thesedifference chunks in how of forcefully icy rock swoop in narrow Hop on a sungrazer comet, one that gets than expected, probably if not the closest: V616 Monocerotis, about 3,000 X-TRATERRESTRIAL Pong ball, its core would be marble-size. orbits that bring thethem gravity close pulls enough on to the sun to frizzle their WORLD extremely close to the sun. It zooms fast because newer lava has light-years away. 5 VISION The rest of the ball would be the mantle, ice and shed theiranything—including dust. And to inspire overly awe, as always. enough to whip aroundand the Earth crust in onewould minute. be about as thick as replaced an older surface. adventurous astronauts in Stars’ remains are marvels. So are the telescopes that one or two coats of paint on the surface. DO SOME HEAVY LIFTING science fiction. The predicted help us detect their secrets, such as the 32-ton (29 t)

an artist’s SYSTEM You would need some serious strength training result is a lengthwise Chandra X-ray Observatory illustrated here. Located A greenhouse impression of OUTER SOLAR before dipping into a neutron star and scooping out stretching effect called beyond Earth’s X-ray absorbing atmosphere, Chandra PARTS OF A COMET BUMPY LANDING Philae landing DID YOU OLAR a teaspoon of its material. On Earth, it would weigh spaghettification. Use your TEM Philae spacecraft captures and images the invisible high-energy signals sPHERE s 2 on a comet ATMO crust Y more than 2,300 times as much as the Empire State noodle—keep away! that power across light-years toward Earth. KNOW? s

Building: 827 million tons (750 million t). tail Ice screws, anchoring harpoons, and BLOBS FROM BELOW INNER s a down-pushing thruster should have rom far away, Venus seems like Earth, with similar size, mantle 4 The Domes of Venus 122 kept the lander Philae on comet orbit, and mass. After piercing the thick cloud123 cover, we Venus has helped nucleus core Pancake shapes called domes probably formed when 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko’s see a very different world. Venus’s atmosphere filters scientists explore low-gravity surface. But Philae Mercury. Beginning with extra-thick lava rose from under the level ground, spread bounced—about 3,300 feet (1,006 m) sunlight in a way that tints everything red. Even rocks atmosphere Mariner 10, spacecraft like gooey batter into an even layer, and then cooled. hydrogen high! It then soared, spun, and that would look gray on Earth look ruddy. Full of PHILAE have used Venus’s envelope to sun tumbled above the comet for two Fcarbon dioxide, the atmosphere also traps heat. 5 VISIT gravitational force to coma North Pole North Pole hours before finally settling down. This greenhouse gas, released from help fling them toward November 12, 2014, 4:03 p.m., the innermost planet. R Greenwich mean time,A Rosetta ll IS COMET FROM volcanoes, contributes to Venus’s 60° HT 60° Mariner 10 was the first 60° we HT Peak S A ax . A A 60° I R M ts R TE TA 3 HEAD TO TAIL Spacecraft landingMission or Lander, Philae, touchesR M RRA L punishing temperature and TE ship to use a gravity A impact site down on the surface of Comet Pioneer Venus TETHUS NT assist maneuver, a 2 North Probe A The frozen core of a comet is its nucleus. Near bone-dry surface. It’s thought REGIO PL 0 1000 miles67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. It A technique that many N the warming sun, its frozen ices vaporize, their IT that, long ago, rising was the first ever comet landing I orbit around sun 0 1000 kilometers science fiction pilots A gases surrounding the nucleus in a reflective, TIA O G and long-term visit. One of Philae’s NI AM temperatures dried oceans on AN LA have mastered. VELL halo-like atmosphere—the coma. Some IKI A P TIA PLA feet appears at the bottom left EofDN LANI escaping gases and loosened dust are also Venus as backyard puddles NITIA S P 30° this spectacular image of the 30° 30° 30° IO pushed back by the solar wind. This creates the G A evaporate on Earth at high O KAW E I I ELU PLAcomet’sNITIA surface. The Rosetta T Venera 9 R I comet’s tail (actually two separate tails). G B L sun orbiter continues to send images. L N noon, leaving behind a E E E A A B L I T MAGELLAN Lightweight hydrogen envelopes the coma and R IA A T P T I I waterless, volcanic A HYNDLA PLAN E E N T N ER B tail, and can stretch for millions of miles (km). A STERIA GUINEV ORBITER O A R 3 L U Venera 4 I REGIO REGIO N L E landscape. R P A 210° 330° 30° G 150° F 240° 300° Safe from Venus’s A 270° 60° 120° I E 90° N L I R O Venera 10 S T L A O U harsh conditions, R 100 E G I O R Vega 1 Lander DIGITAL TRAVELER! E O LAUFEY REGIO orbiters such as L DOOMED G P L Find out what it is like to land on a comet with this simulatedMaat HINEMOA PLANITIA Pioneer Venus 2 Venera 5 RUSALKA LANDERS Mons I A NASA’s Magellan fare 2 O EQUATOR Large Probe EQUATOR animation of Philae’s journey from its mother spaceship0° 0° 0° TINATIN 0° R better than landers. OVDA REGIO Rosetta, based on data fromMany the spacecraft landing: Search that the Internet G Venera 7 Venera 6 PLANITIA PHOEBE Venera 13 Between 1990 and A P H A R O D I T E for “space in videos 2015 have11 reconstructing attempted to Philae’s flight ESA.” Venera 12 PLANITIA T E R Vega 2 Lander REGIO Venera 8 1994, Magellan’s R A C VASILISA land on Venus have H cloud-piercing radar Žemina Venera 11 Venera 14 REGIO crashed, been Corona A S and high-resolution TAHM INA P crushed, or burned. M LAN A imaging allowed it IT When the Soviet IA T Pioneer Venus 2 to map more than A A ALPHA P H Venera 7 survived, it TH Day Probe DIONE A L Pioneer Venus 2 EM REGIO 98 percent of Venus’s Artem IS R O Night Probe is became the first EGIO REGIO G I Corona surface, revealing R E craft to send data A I N O P L A N I T I 30° 101 I 30° important geological 30° A A 30° T Z I HIB from the surface. IM EK DR N details. PL RE AN Even successful G A IT IO L IA N P L A N I T I A P missions have been H E L E I A doomed, lasting only ISHKUS I N NERINGA V REGIO A Spacecraft landing or a few short hours in REGIO L impact site A ERR Venus’s high-pressure A T 0 1000 miles AD 60° RA 60° 60° L 60° atmosphere and TER LADA 0 1000 kilometers intense heat VENUs VENUs brw west side South Pole east side South Pole 46 47 BENDER RICHARDSON WHITE

HISTORY

BRW commissions and manages the entire process of book creation. But with continual, close contact with the publisher to ensure that the final books meet all the criteria that the publisher expects.

brw BENDER RICHARDSON WHITE

ALL ABOUT AMERICA TEN 32-PAGE TITLES

Outlaws and Lawmen Gunfight at the OK Corral Breaking the rules, keeping the peace In 1881, near the OK Corral in � Sometimes a Tombstone, Arizona, the Clanton cowboy thought he Violence and illegal activities made the West wild, but soon was better than a gang of cowboys, rustlers, and robbers famous lawman and people began passing laws. To enforce the laws, they hired fired on Wyatt Earp, his brothers, and would challenge the lawmen and sometimes went after outlaws on their own. Doc Holiday who represented the law. lawman to a gunfight. Sometimes this led to more violence and deaths. In 30 seconds, about 30 bullets flew, killing three and injuring three. � Lawmen printed At first, people in cow towns did not enforce posters about the thieves laws because they wanted to keep the cowboys and killers that were wanted—and the rewards happy. Then new settlers came with different ideas. given for those caught. They passed new laws and hired a lawman to “clean up” their town and enforce laws. In 1871, Abilene’s new city government asked Wild Bill Hickok to be the town marshal, but those in charge soon found they did not like how he did the job. After only four years, Abilene was closed to cowboys and cattle. In 1892, Abilene businessman Charles Moreau Harger recalled in Scribner’s Magazine “that might was the only law, and if . . . a marshal was found, like William Hickok, the original Wild Bill, who could rule an Abilene in its rudest period, The bad and the good it was because he was quicker with the The most common outlaws were revolver and more daring than even cattle rustlers. The worst worked in the cowboys themselves.” outlaw gangs, stealing many cattle, robbing banks or stagecoaches, and killing people. Lawmen, such as the � The county sheriff’s Texas Rangers, sheriffs, and marshals, went after office and jail were them. Also, ranchers joined together into cattlemen’s often in the same room. A number of outlaws associations to stop rustlers. The members might ride escaped from jail with out themselves, as vigilantes, to find the rustlers or help from their friends. hire men who were good with a gun to do it. Vigilantes were people who took law enforcement into their own hands. They captured and punished those people they believed were killers or cattle rustlers without paying attention to the law. Sometimes it was hard to tell the difference between an outlaw and a lawman. Men who were good with their guns were asked to become the sheriff, even if they had shot someone in an argument in another town. In 1936, lawman Elfego Baca told an interviewer about his days in Western towns and said that he “ . . . never wanted to kill anybody . . . but if a man had it in his mind to kill me, I made it my business to get him first.” � Legend says Billy the Kid killed 21 men, 24 but he probably killed only four. 25 BENDER RICHARDSON WHITE

RELIGIONS

BRW has produced many books for publishers on Religion and Culture, both for the children and for the family trade market. We have strong links with specialist authors, image agencies and editors in this field.

brw BENDER RICHARDSON WHITE

CLASSROOM RESOURCES

Teachers and pupil guides, photocopiable books, classroom resources and books for on-line delivery. Illustrated collections of poetry and drama as well as dictionaries and highly developed teachers resource packs, BRW can bring expert knowledge and curriculum- specific skills to a new project.

brw BENDER RICHARDSON WHITE

REVISION GUIDES & HOME LEARNING

As an out-of-house development team, BRW has the ability to produce, quickly and efficiently, a wide range of books for publishers who need a trustworthy and experienced book production resource. BRW has produced many revision guides and home learning resources for all age ranges.

brw CONTACT INFORMATION BENDER RICHARDSON WHITE

PAST AND PRESENT CLIENTS: Kim Richardson BOYDS MILLS PRESS SALES AND PRODUCTION BRITISH MUSEUM PRESS CAPSTONE PUBLISHING email: [email protected] CARLTON BOOKS Telephone +44 (0)1895 832444 CHELSEA HOUSE PUBLISHING DINOSAURS 3D

Time-travel back more than 65 million years ago to when dinosaurs ruled the world. Get up close to some of the biggest, heaviest and most fearsome creatures ever to have lived on Earth—in 3D! includes Two pairs of 3D glasses will allow you and a friend to learn how 2 pairs these prehistoric animals lived and died. of 3d COMPASS POINT BOOKS glasses! Lionel Bender TIME For Kids dinosaurs 3D is an incredible fact-filled animal adventure!

award-winning dinosaur author, dougal dixon, reveals the latest An Incredible Journey Through Time scientific discoveries about dinosaurs in this journey through time. by Dougal Dixon COLLINS EDUCATIONAL EDITORIAL CRABTREE PUBLISHING CHRYSALIS BOOKS email: [email protected] EGMONT WORLD Telephone +44 (0)20 8459 0453 FACTS ON FILE FERNLEIGH BOOKS Ben White GAIA BOOKS DESIGN HEINEMANN RAINTREE HIGHLIGHTS FOR CHILDREN, INC. email: [email protected] HODDER ‘TEACH YOURSELF’ Telephone +44 (0)1795 536467 HOPSCOTCH EDUCATIONAL LECKIE & LECKIE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS LETTS EDUCATIONAL BENDER RICHARDSON WHITE LONGMAN EDUCATION PO BOX 266 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC PARTNERS UXBRIDGE NELSON THORNES UB9 5NX www.brw.co.uk OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS brw UK Tel: 01895 832444 PEARSON EDUCATION PENGUIN LONGMAN PICTURE WINDOW BOOKS PRENTICE HALL TEMPLAR PUBLISHING THOMAS NELSON TIME LIFE HACHETTE CHILDRENS BOOKS WATTS BOOKS