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101 Handout

To register for training at Kitsap Regional Library please call your local branch:

Bainbridge: 206-842-4162 Downtown Bremerton: 360-377-3955 Kingston Library: 360-297-3330 Little Boston: 360-297-2670 Manchester: 360-871-3921 Port Orchard: 360-876-2224 Poulsbo: 360-779-2915 Silverdale Library: 360-692-2779 Sylvan Way: 360-405-9100 or Toll-Free 1-877-883-9900

Or visit the KRL www.krl.org to view class dates and times

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Welcome to Internet 101 at Kitsap Regional Library. This ninety-minute lesson offers an introduction to the Internet and , and provides hands-on training to help you begin using the Internet to locate information.

Students participating in this lesson will learn:

• the Internet browser and its components • website addresses and menus • search engines & web directories • tips for verifying website credibility • how to print information off the web • tips for Internet security

The Internet can be used for many purposes: to locate information, communicate, manage finances, purchase goods and services, or to be simply entertained by music, movies, and games. The full capacity of what can be achieved using the Internet is of course dependent upon the technology included or added to a computer.

At the Kitsap Regional Library there are many things you can do on the once connected to the Internet, for example you can:

• browse the World Wide Web

• use a to find a website

• access the library’s electronic resources

• send Electronic Mail (or E-mail)

• shop for online goods and services

• read the daily news

• access your bank account

• submit online applications for employment, school, volunteer etc..

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The Internet Browser

Browser

• Title Bar • Bar • Tool Bar •

Scroll Box

Webpage

Status Bar

Task Bar

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The Basic Browser Icons

Allows the to go Back one page

Allows the user to go Forward one page

Tells the browser to Stop loading the current web page

Brings the user back to the entry page of their Internet session. In the library, this page is the KRL Home page.

Tells the browser to Refresh or reload the current web page

Allows the user to Print a webpage

Allows the user to Minimize (make smaller) the and store it on the task bar without closing the window

Allows the user to Maximize (full screen) the window to its full size. A maximized window will fill up the entire screen.

Allows the user to Restore the window to its previous size

Allows the user to Exit and Close a window

CLICK! Kitsap Regional Library January 2007 5 Website Addresses The Uniform Resource Locator

http://www.krl.org

Each website on the web is identified by a unique Domain Name. And each web page within a site is named to provide a specific access address. This address is known as a URL (Uniform Address Locator).

For example, the KRL website address is http://www.krl.org http:// (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) The Protocol used to transfer data over the Internet. A website address usually begins with the http, but it is not necessary to enter it into the address bar when searching for a website. www (World Wide Web) The www identifies the document as one that is published on the World Wide Web utilizing as the computer language. In the past it was fundamental to include www when entering an address into the address bar, but as the Internet has progressed it is now becoming less necessary.

“Every computer on the Internet has a unique address called its "IP address" (Internet Protocol address). Because IP addresses (which are strings of numbers) are hard to remember, the DNS (Domain Name System) allows a familiar string of letters (the "domain name") to be used instead. So rather than typing "192.0.34.163," you can type (its domain name) www.icann.org” Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

A domain name includes an identifier of the entity that owns the domain (“KRL”) and an extension that describes the type of entity. There are two types of Domain Extensions: generic and country codes. The following are examples of generic Domain Extensions. These first three are restricted to educational, government, and military entities.

.edu – education (University of Washington www.washington.edu/ ) .gov – government (Access Washington http://access.wa.gov/ ) .mil – military (US Navy http://www.navy.mil/ )

And the following three are open to any person or entity wishing to register. .org – organization (http://www.npr.org ) .com – commercial (Costco http://www.costco.com/ ) .net – network provider (Comcast http://www.comcast.net/home.html )

The following are examples of country code Domains: .uk – United Kingdom (BBC News http://news.bbc.co.uk/ ) .ca – Canada (The Atlas of Canada http://atlas.gc.ca/ ) .fr – France (The Louvre http://www.louvre.fr/ )

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Search Engines and Web Directories

Search Engine A search engine is a tool that allows a person to search for by entering key words into a . Search engines use “crawler-based technology” to match your keywords with webpages indexed by the search engine. The crawler-based technology relies on “computer spiders” to locate matching text using carefully engineered algorithms.

Two popular search engines used today: Google www.google.com Yahoo www.yahoo.com

To access these search engines from the library’s home page, click on the Search the Web link. Here you will see a list of search engines.

Web A web directory is a collection of websites evaluated and categorized by human beings. Each website in a web directory has been evaluated and classified by individuals working for that particular company or organization. Below is a list of three popular web directories used today:

Google Directory http://www.google.com/dirhp Yahoo Directory http://search.yahoo.com/ (then click on link to directory) DMOZ Directory http://www.dmoz.org/

To aid you in your search for information on the web, the librarians at Kitsap Regional Library have put together several web directories. Links to the following directories can be found on the KRL Home Page:

Research Corner Find Local Information Small Business Tools Kidstuff Movie and Music Lovers

Further Questions Information found under the Ask a Librarian link, also located on the library’s Home page, provides library patrons with the opportunity to ask reference librarians questions through email. The KRL librarians have also compiled answers to Frequently Asked Questions under this same link

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Website Credibility

When evaluating a website, here are some questions to ask to determine the credibility of the information found on the website:

Authority • Who is responsible for the site? An individual, a business, an organization? • Is there an About Us link or Author listed? • Is there a Contact Us link that provides a phone number and/or physical address of the business, individual, or organization?

What type of web site is it? • What is its Top Level Domain? The domains .edu, .gov, and .mil are restricted top level domains, any others have unrestricted registration.

Restricted Registration Open to Anyone .edu = educational .org = organization .gov = government .net = network/utilities .mil = military .com = commercial

Accuracy • Is the information correct? • If you’re unsure, where could you find more information about the particular topic?

Currency • When was the web site created or updated last? • Do the links work? • Are the links up-to-date?

Most websites post copyright dates at the bottom of their Home Page. An automated date does not indicate when the information was last updated. For example, many news sites automatically post the current date and time.

Objectivity • Why was the site created? • Is its goal to sell? Examples: www.amazon.com; www.ebay.com; • To persuade? Examples: corner.nationalreview.com • To advocate an agenda? Example: www.whitehouse.org • To inform? www.access.wa.gov

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Internet Security

It’s wise to be cautious about security when using the Internet. The following websites offer guidelines for Internet users.

American Bar Association Security Tips http://www.safeshopping.org/security.shtml

National Cyber Security Alliance http://www.staysafeonline.info/

Protecting your personal information:

• Do not reply to an e–mail or a pop–up message that asks for personal or financial information.

• When sharing confidential information, look for the padlock symbol in the lower right corner of the web page and the “://” denotation in the web page address. This designates a secure site and means that information will be encrypted for your protection.

• Don’t open e–mail attachments from unknown senders. To be safe, delete e-mail from unknown sources, without opening the e-mail.

• Don’t click on any link in an unexpected message.

Establishing passwords:

• Use a combination of letters and numbers, even special characters if they’re allowed. They need to be easy to remember, but not something that can be guessed such as names, words, dates. • Change passwords regularly. • Don’t share your passwords. • Use different passwords for each site, or follow a tiered approach, using 3- 5 passwords: • Most secure for banking • Least secure for public forums • Levels in between as needed

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Printing Tips

General Information Library users can print many kinds of documents from the library computers. Most often users are looking to print E-mails, web documents, catalog information, and articles found on the subscription . The computer terminals in each branch typically print to one large located near these public terminals. The first five printed pages are free, after that, they are .10 cents apiece. Copies are paid for at the circulation desk.

Printing Tips It is a good idea to run a Print Preview before actually printing a document. Print Preview allows you to see what the content will look like and how many pages will be printed before sending the print job to the printer. It allows you to make modifications and saves you from printing unnecessary and unwanted pages.

Print Preview: Use Print Preview to look at the content and number of pages the printer will print before sending the print job to the printer.

1. Click on File in the :

2. From the Drop-Down Menu choose Print Preview:

3. In Print Preview the screen displays the number of page(s) the document will print if the entire document was to be printed. In the example below, the entire document would consist of 28 printed pages.

The Print Preview provides the user with useful information about the print job. It tells the user how many pages will be printed and provides the user with the option of changing the presentation of the page from portrait to landscape. If the user is satisfied with the number of pages, size, and layout

CLICK! Kitsap Regional Library January 2007 10 the user clicks to open the Print . If not, the user clicks on the Print Preview toolbar to return to the original display of the document on the screen. See the following section to learn about the Print Dialog box.

Print Dialog Box: The print dialog box is the last step before a print job is sent to the printer. From the print dialog box a user can tell the printer to print an entire document (for instance all 28 pages of the example used above), print specific pages within in a document, or print specific text within a document. The following three sections address these three printing options.

Printing an entire document While displaying a specific document on the screen, the user has two ways of opening the print dialog box. With the first option the user clicks on File in

the Menu Bar to bring up the same drop down menu that contains the print preview option. Just below print preview is the option for Print. Click on Print to open the print dialog box.

The second option is to click on the Printer on the Tool Bar. It will also bring up the print dialog box. Within the print dialog box notice the following options: 1. Under Select Printer note the printer R2D2 is highlighted in blue. This is the default printer that the document will print to. This setting has been pre-programmed by the library staff; do not select a different printer.

2. Under Page Range the radio next to All is selected, this tells the printer to print the entire document. To change the page range, click into the next to Pages and enter the desired page range.

3. Under Number of Copies, the default setting is for 1 copy. To increase or decrease copies click on the arrows next to the quantity.

4. When satisfied with all the settings in the print dialog box, click print to send the print job to the printer.

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Congratulations!

You have successfully completed Internet 101 at KRL. We hope you found the lesson to be informative and helpful. To best retain the skills you learned today we strongly recommend you practice these skills on a regular basis. Remember, the Reference Librarians at the Information Desks in each of the KRL branches are always happy to be of assistance should you have further questions.

Ready for the next level? The click! program at Kitsap Regional Library also offers Internet 201. This ninety-minute lesson provides a more comprehensive look at the Internet and World Wide Web with the same hands-on format. It jumps beyond the basics and explores searching strategies, browser & keyboard shortcuts, and the use of web searching history. Internet 201 is intended to enhance the basic Internet skills you learned in Internet 101.

Practice Examples

Practice 1: Basic Browser Icons

„ On the KRL Home page, follow the link to “Find a KRL library” ‰ Click on map symbol for a branch ‰ Click on the “Back” button ‰ Click on the “Forward” button ‰ Click on the “Home” button

„ On the KRL Home page ‰ Minimize the window ‰ Click on the task bar to bring back the window of the KRL Home page ‰ Resize the window using the mouse ‰ Maximize the window ‰ Close the window ‰ Restart from your “Start” button (lower left corner of screen).

Practice 2: Web Addresses

„ In the address bar of the browser, type: www.wa.gov „ In the address bar of the browser type: www.homedepot.com

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Practice 3: Web Directories

„ From the KRL Home page, click on the link to “Research Corner”.

‰ Use the KRL web directory „ Click on “Consumer Resources” „ Click on “Better Business Bureau

‰ Use the DMOZ web directory „ In the address bar of your browser, type in www.dmoz.org „ Click on “Art” „ Click on “Movies” „ Click on “Genre” „ Click on “Cowboy Westerns”

Practice 4: Search Engine

„ In the address bar of the browser, type: www.google.com „ In Google’s search bar, type “krl.org” and click “search” or simply hit the “enter” key on your keyboard „ In the search bar, type “bainbridge island review” and click “search” or simply hit the “enter” key on your keyboard

Practice 5: Website Credibility

„ Use www.google.com to do a search on “arthritis glucosamine research” ‰ Select “glucosamine-arthritis.org from the result list ‰ Look on the bottom of the page for “About” or “Contact” information. ‰ Click on “dtc-Health” link to explore site ownership ‰ Go back to the results ‰ Find the link to the nih.gov site on the subject

„ Use www.google.com to do a search using the words “medline plus” ‰ Find the “About Us” and “Contact” information

Practice 6: Website Credibility

„ In the address bar of your browser, type www.whitehouse.org ‰ Is this the official government website of the White House?

„ In the address bar of your browser, type www.zapatopi.net/treeoctopus/

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Practice 7: Internet Security

„ Type in your browser address bar www.staysafeonline.info „ Look for the eight “Cyber Security Practices” „ Click on “Practice 1 (Protect personal information)” „ Go back and click on “Practice 5 (Passwords)”

Practice 8: Airfare search

„ On your internet browser in the address bar, enter in the following address: www.expedia.com

In this website, find the lowest airfare from Seattle (SEA) to Miami (MIA). Plan to leave on April 21, 2007 and return May 15, 2007

Further reading on the Internet:

Easy Google O'Hara, Shelley 025.04 OHARA 2004

Faster smarter Internet Ivens, Kathy 004.678 IVENS 2003

Find it Online: The Complete Guide to Online Research Schlein, Alan M 025.04 SCHLEIN 2004

Google: Top 100 Simplified Tips & Tricks Kraynak, Joe 025.04 KRAYNAK 2005

Google and other Search Engines [Visual Quick Start Guide] Poremsky, Diane 025.04 POREMSK 2004

Internet and E-mail for Seniors with Windows XP Stuur, Addo 005.446 STUUR 2005

The Internet for Dummies 10th Edition Levine, John R 004.678 LEVINE 2005

Internet Privacy for Dummies Levine, John R 005.8 LEVINE 2003

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Internet 101 Vocabulary List

ARPAnet: is a network developed by ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) in the 1960s and 1970s as a means of communication between research laboratories and universities. Used by researchers for testing network technologies, it is the predecessor of the Internet.

Back button: browser button that returns you to the most recently viewed web page.

Browser: a such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Mozilla that allows a user to find and access documents from anywhere on the Internet. It enables a user to read Hypertext in files on the World Wide Web. The browser is located at the top of the screen and includes such things as the Title Bar, Menu Bar, Toolbar, and Address Bar.

Close button: button, containing an uppercase X, located in the upper right of a window that allows the computer user to close that window.

Dialog Box: an onscreen message box that presents information or requests input. A dialog box allows the user to carry on a conversation with the program by selecting or deselecting option buttons, typing in text, or selecting from a list of files.

Domain Extension: the portion of a Domain Name following the dot (or period). The domain Extension describes the type of entity owning the domain name. Examples are: gov, edu, org, com, net. Also known as “Top Level Domain Name”.

Domain Name: a textual name which uniquely identifies an Internet site. For example, the domain name for the Kitsap Regional Library is www.krl.org.

Drop Down Menu: a pop-up menu that appears directly beneath the item selected on a menu bar. For example: clicking on File in the Menu Bar yields a drop down menu of several selections, one being the command to Print. To access a drop down menu a user must either click on text in a menu bar or an arrow in a dialog box. (also referred to as a pull-down menu)

E-mail: (electronic mail) a computer application that allows a computer user to send a message to someone at another computer. Email duplicates the features of paper mail; a user can store messages in inboxes and outboxes, can forward messages, provide delivery receipts, and send multiple copies. Email has the advantage of speed and convenience; however, it is not as secure as paper mail.

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Electronic Resources: the menu option on Kitsap Regional Library’s home page that allows a user to access the library’s subscription databases. KRL’s subscription databases are premium websites that are paid for by the library. The information on these databases cannot be found on the free web; these databases hold a wealth of organized information on a variety of topics.

Esc (Escape): key on the keyboard that cancels certain commands or to back up one level in a menu structure.

Forward button: a button on the toolbar that allows you to retrace your steps and return to pages you visited before you clicked the Back button.

Google: is a search engine owned by Google Inc. whose mission statement is to "organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful." Google is the largest search engine on the web, receiving over 200 million queries each day through its various services.

Graphical (GUI): a method by which humans interact with computers using a combination of movable windows, images, text, and a such as a mouse.

Home button: a web browser button on the toolbar that, when clicked, takes the user to the web page that is seen first when starting up the browser. While using the KRL computers, clicking on the Home button will take the user to library’s home page, www.krl.org

Host: the portion of a web address, following the www that usually represents the server where the website is stored. A host computer contains data or programs that another computer can access over a network or by a modem.

Hyperlink: in an html document, a is a cross reference that, when clicked on, takes you directly to another related document or to another location within the same document. are indicated on screen by a font or color change or by bold underlined type.

Hypertext Markup Language: (html) is a markup language designed for the creation of web pages and other information viewable in a browser. HTML is a coding system used on the World Wide Web to format text and set up hyperlinks between documents.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol: (http) it is protocol used on the World Wide Web to govern the transfer of data. Http is the primary method used to convey information on the World Wide Web. The original purpose was to provide a way to publish and receive HTML pages.

Icon: a picture on the screen that represents a specific file, directory, window, or program. By clicking on the Icon, a computer user can open the file, directory, or window, or start the program.

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Internet: the global informal network that now links a substantial fraction of the world’s computer networks. The Internet does not offer services to end-users, but serves primarily to interconnect other networks on which end-user services are located.

Library Account: associated with your library barcode and pin number. Your library account contains your personal information such as address, phone number, and email address. It also reflects your current checkouts, any billing information, and available and unavailable holds.

Maximize button: a button on the Window’s title bar, that when clicked, causes the current screen to expand and fill to the full size screen.

Menu Bar: a strip running along the top of an application’s window that displays the names of that application’s main menus. For example: File, Edit, View in . Moving the mouse pointer over the name on the menu bar and clicking will cause a drop-down menu to unfold.

Minimize button: a button on a Window’s title bar, that when clicked, causes the current screen to collapse down to a small icon where it is then stored on the .

Modem: used to connect digital devices across analog transmission lines. Modems allow personal computers to communicate over ordinary phone lines.

Network: a system of computers, and often peripherals such as printers, linked together.

Operating System: the that enables the user of a computer to run all their other software. The manages hardware, processes users’ commands, and provides services to application programs.

Page Up and Page Down: navigation keys that move the or scroll bar a whole page up or down on the computer screen.

Page Range: an option in the Print Dialog Box that allows a user to choose a specific range of pages to print from a file.

Personal Session Timer: part of the computer log-on procedure at Kitsap Regional Library. Once a library user has logged-on to the computers the SAM Personal Session Timer identifies the user, indicates the amount of time available for library computer use (one hour maximum per day) and allows the adult library user to choose filtered or unfiltered Internet access.

Pin Number: a library user’s pin number (also referred to as a password) is associated with a user’s library barcode number. It provides additional security for accessing their library account. The library pin number is comprised of a 4 digit code chosen by the library user.

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Place a Hold: the act of reserving an item in the library catalog that is not readily available for checkout. Placing a hold puts the library user in line for a particular item and ensures the item will be available for pickup at the library user’s home branch.

Print button: a button on the browser toolbar that, when clicked, brings up the Print Dialog Box

Print Preview: a feature that allows a user to display a document on the screen and make adjustments before actually printing the document. To access this feature the user must click on File from the Menu Bar then Print Preview from the menu options.

Print Selection: an option in the Print Dialog Box that allows a user to choose to print just a selection of text within a document. In order to print this selection of text the user must first highlight the text using the mouse.

Protocol: a standard that facilitates the transfer of data between multiple points (see “hypertext transfer protocol”).

Refresh: a button on the browser that allows a user to reload a webpage. At times while surfing the World Wide Web a user might encounter an “This page cannot be displayed” when retrieving a specific website. By clicking the Refresh button, the user is asking the browser to try and reload the page one more time.

Restore button: a button on the web browser that, when clicked, allows the user to bring back a window to its previous size after it has been minimized or maximized.

SAM: the application associated with logging-on to the KRL library computers. SAM is the personal session timer that guarantees each patron one full hour of Internet access per day while using the library computers. It is also provides the adult patron the option of switching from filtered to unfiltered Internet access.

Scroll: to move a file within a window so as to change what can be seen on the screen. For example: scrolling down allows the user to move the file up so as to see the information at the bottom of the file.

Scroll Bar: a narrow bar appearing on the side or beneath a window that allows the user to scroll. Clicking with the mouse pointer on the scroll bar arrows at top and bottom of scroll bar will move the file up or down. Clicking and holding with the mouse pointer directly on to the scroll bar and then dragging the scroll bar moves the bar up or down. The Page Up and Page Down keys on the keyboard will also move the scroll bar.

Search Engine: a search engine is a program designed to help find information stored on a computer system such as the World Wide Web, or a . The search engine allows a user to enter a given word or phrase into its search interface and the search engine retrieves a list of references that match that word or phrase. Search engines use regularly updated indexes to operate quickly and efficiently.

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Second Level Domain: refers to the organization that registered the domain name with a domain name registrar. The second level domain name precedes the top level domain name in a website address. For example, krl is the second level domain name of the web address www.krl.org

Software: the programs, programming languages, and data that control the functioning of the computer hardware and direct its operations. Software is usually divided into two categories: system and application. System software controls the workings of the computer while handles the multitude of tasks that users want their computer to perform. : a horizontal area at the bottom of the document window that provides information about the current state of what you are viewing in the window and any other contextual information. Stop button: a button on the web browser that, when clicked, allows the user to Subscription Databases: collections of information from sources such as newspapers, professional journals, and magazines. Many of these resources are accessible through the library. The library purchases access for their patrons’ use. : a key on the keyboard that moves the cursor a specified distance when typing a document using a word processing application. The Tab key also moves the cursor from one field to the next when entering text into a dialog box.

Taskbar: located directly below the Status Bar, the Taskbar displays a row of buttons that represent open programs. The user can switch back and forth between programs by clicking on the appropriate button.

Title Bar: located at the top of the screen, the Title Bar shows the name of the program or file currently open in the window.

Toolbar: located below the Menu Bar, the Toolbar consists of a row of icons (pictures) that serve as buttons to activate commands or functions.

Top Level Domain Name: is the final alphanumeric string, usually two or three letters, preceded by a period at the end of a communications address. For example, the domain of www.krl.org is .org Other examples of to p level domains are .gov, .edu, .com, .mil, .net

Uniform Resource Locator: (URL) the specific name or identifier of a file on the Internet. are used especially on the World Wide Web. An example of a URL is: www.krl.org

Web Directory: a directory on the World Wide Web compiled by humans, as opposed to search engine spiders, that specializes in categorizing websites and providing links to those websites. Directories help organize files by keeping related files together.

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Website: a set of interconnected web pages, usually including a home page, generally located on the same server, and prepared and maintained as a collection of information by a person, group, or organization.

Website Address: also known as Uniform Resource Locator (URL). It is the identifier of a file on the Internet. The URL specifies the location of this file on the Internet

Website Menus: onscreen list of available options or commands. You can choose a menu item by pointing to the item with the mouse and clicking with a mouse button.

World Wide Web: (www) All of the files residing on all Internet information servers that use hypertext as their primary navigation tool. The web utilizes HTTP for data transfer, and documents may feature not just text but also multimedia elements, such as graphics, audio, and video. The web can be accessed using browsers such as Microsoft Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox.

Yahoo: is a web site (also called a web portal) that provides a starting point or gateway to other resources on the Internet.

Resources

A Dictionary of Computing 5th Edition (2004) Oxford University Press

Dictionary of Computer and Internet Words (2001) Houghton Mifflin Company

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. Located at: www.icann.org

Microsoft Office Online 2005. Located at: http://office.microsoft.com

The Penguin Concise Dictionary of Computing (2003) Pountain, Dick

Wikipedia 2005. Located at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

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